Biology Course Outline

I. Living Things and Their Environment

c. Ecosystems (End of Gr.7) vi. Explain how diseases of the digestive
a. Parts and Functions (Start of Gr.7)
i. Components of an ecosystem system are prevented, detected,
i. Microscopy
ii. Differentiate biotic from abiotic and treated
1. The parts and functions of the
components of an ecosystem vii. Identify healthful practices that
compound microscope
iii. Ecological relationships affect the digestive system
ii. Levels of Biological Organization
1. Symbiotic relationships e. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
1. Describe the different levels
2. Non-symbiotic relationships i. Stages of mitosis
of biological organization
iv. Transfer of energy through trophic ii. Stages of meiosis
from cell to biosphere
levels iii. Mendelian Genetics
iii. Animal and Plant Cells
v. Food Chain and Food Web iv. How cells divide to produce new
1. Difference between animal
vi. Predict the effect of changes in one cells
and plant cells
population on other populations in v. Meiosis as one of the processes
2. Differentiate plant and
the ecosystem producing genetic variations of the
animal cells according to
vii. Predict the effect of changes in Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance
presence or absence of
abiotic factors on the ecosystem vi. Compare mitosis and meiosis, and
certain organelles
d. Structures and Functions: Focus on the their role in the cell-division cycle
3. Explain why the cell is
Digestive System (Start of Gr.8) vii. Explain the significance of meiosis in
considered the basic
i. Organs of the digestive system and maintaining the chromosome
structural and functional unit
their interaction with organs of the number
of all organisms
respiratory, circulatory, and viii. Predict phenotypic expressions of
iv. Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, Viruses
excretory systems traits following simple patterns of
1. Identify beneficial and
ii. Changes in food as it undergoes inheritance
harmful microorganisms
physical and chemical digestion ix. Punnett Square
b. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
iii. Diseases resulting from nutrient f. Biodiversity
i. Asexual reproduction
deficiency and ingestion of harmful i. Species diversity
ii. Sexual reproduction
substances ii. Hierarchical taxonomic system of
iii. Differentiate asexual from sexual
iv. Prevention, detection, and classification
reproduction in terms of
treatment of diseases of the iii. Protection and conservation of
1. number of individuals
digestive system endangered and economically
involved;
v. Explain ingestion, absorption, important species
2. similarities of offspring to
assimilation, and excretion iv. Explain the concept of a species
parents
v. Classify organisms using the
iv. Describe the process of fertilization
hierarchical taxonomic system
 vi. Explain the advantage of high
biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem
g. Ecosystems (End of Gr.8)
i. Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels
ii. Cycling of materials in the
ecosystem
1. Water cycle
2. Oxygen-carbon cycle
3. Nitrogen cycle
iii. Impact of human activities in an
ecosystem
iv. Describe the transfer of energy
through the trophic levels
v. Analyze the roles of organisms in the
cycling of materials
vi. Explain how materials cycle in an
ecosystem
vii. Suggest ways to minimize human
impact on the environment
h. Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working
with the other Organ Systems (Start of Gr.9)
i. How the different structures of the
circulatory and respiratory systems
work together to transport oxygen-
rich blood and nutrients to the
different parts of the body
ii. Prevention, detection, and
treatment of diseases affecting the
circulatory and respiratory systems
iii. Explain how the respiratory and
circulatory systems work together to
transport nutrients, gases, and other
molecules to and from the different
parts of the body
iv. Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect
the functioning of respiratory and
circulatory systems
i. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
i. Location of genes on chromosomes
ii. Non-Mendelian inheritance
1. Incomplete dominance
2. Sex-linked traits
3. Multiple alleles
iii. Multiple genes
iv. How genetic information is
organized in genes on chromosomes
v. Different patterns of inheritance
vi. Describe the location of genes in
chromosomes
vii. Explain the different patterns of non-
Mendelian inheritance
j. Biodiversity and Evolution
i. Causes of Species Extinction
1. Natural
2. Anthropogenic
ii. How changes in the environment
may affect species extinction
iii. Relate species extinction to the
failure of populations of organisms to
adapt to abrupt changes in the
environment
k. Ecosystems (End of Gr.9)
i. Flow of Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
ii. Structure and function of plant parts
and organelles involved in
photosynthesis
iii. Structure and function of
mitochondrion as the main organelle
involved in respiration
iv. Differentiate basic features and
importance of photosynthesis and
respiration
l. Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive,
Endocrine, and Nervous Systems (Start of
Gr.10)
i. Organisms as having feedback
mechanisms, which are coordinated
by the nervous and endocrine
systems
ii. How these feedback mechanisms
help the organism maintain
homeostasis to reproduce and
survive
iii. Describe the parts of the
reproductive system and their
functions
iv. Explain the role of hormones
involved in the female and male
reproductive systems
v. Describe the feedback mechanisms
involved in regulating processes in
the female reproductive system
(e.g., menstrual cycle)
vi. Describe how the nervous system
coordinates and regulates these
feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis
m. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
i. Information stored in DNA as being
used to make proteins
ii. How changes in a DNA molecule
may cause changes in its product
iii. Mutations that occur in sex cells as
being heritable
iv. Explain how protein is made using
information from DNA
v. Explain how mutations may cause
changes in the structure and
function of a protein
n. Biodiversity and Evolution
i. How evolution through natural
selection can result in biodiversity
ii. Explain how fossil records,
comparative anatomy, and genetic
information provide evidence for
evolution
iii. Explain the occurrence of evolution
o. Ecosystems
i. Flow of Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
ii. Biodiversity and Stability
iii. Population Growth and Carrying
Capacity
iv. Influence of biodiversity on the
stability of ecosystems
v. Ecosystem as being capable of
supporting a limited number of
organisms
vi. Explain how species diversity
increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of organisms
in changing environments
vii. Explain the relationship between
population growth and carrying
capacity
viii. Suggest ways to minimize human
impact on the environment
p. Biomolecules (End of Gr.10)
i. Elements present in biomolecules
ii. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
1. Food Labels
iii. Recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids