GUIDED BY:- PRESENTED BY:-

Prof. P.M. Nemade Amit Maurya

(B.E.) Civil
 A crane is a type of machine, generally
equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains,
and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and
lower materials and to move them
horizontally.
 It uses one or more simple to create
mechanical advantage and thus move loads
beyond the normal capability of a human.
Main Basic Lifting Parts Of The Crane:
 Lever
 Pulley
 The hydraulic cylinder
 A balance crane contains a horizontal beam
(the lever) pivoted about a point called the
fulcrum.
 A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib) that
supports a fixed pulley block. Cables are
wrapped multiple times round the fixed block
and round another block attached to the load.

 For stability, the sum of all moments about any

point such as the base of the crane must equate
to zero.
 On the basis of modern crane study and
advancement there are two basic types of cranes:-
A). Fixed crane
B) Mobile or movable crane

 A fixed crane is the type of crane which lift the

loads without any appreciable movement.

 A mobile crane is the type of crane which moves

from one place to another as well as movement of
the crane basic tools.
 1.TOWER CRANE
The tower crane is a modern form
of balance crane. Fixed to the ground (and
sometimes attached to the sides of
structures as well), tower cranes often give
the best combination of height and lifting
capacity and are used in the construction of
tall buildings.
Specification of tower crane:-

Lifting Capacity: max 25t

Working Radius: 70 m to
75m

Tower crane is generally used

for high rise infrastructure and
project
 Specification:-
Lifting Capacity: max 6t to 8t

Working Radius: 45m

Use:
It is mainly used on construction –
site to transport the material from
one place to other place.
The "hammerhead", or giant cantilever,
crane is a fixed-jib crane consisting of a
steel-braced tower on which revolves a
large, horizontal, double cantilever; the
forward part of this cantilever or jib
carries the lifting trolley, the jib is
extended backwards in order to form a
support for the machinery and counter-
balancing weight.
Specifications:-
Lifting capacity –max 350tons
Working radius-up to 70m
Use: Ship-yard work including
construction of ship and heavy duty
building construction.
 This type of crane is
similar to the bridge crane
except that it runs on a
runway at the floor level.
The bridge is supported
by a pair of rigid steel legs
which are carried by a pair
of end trucks along the
floor level runway.
Specifications:-

Lifting Capacity: 5 tones to 10 tones

Working Radius: 23 m

Use:
In the construction of Bridge
superstructure for lifting heavy girder.

In Ship manufacturing industry ,for lifting

heavy parts of ships.
 Overhead Crane can build
top running cranes, under
running cranes, double
girder cranes, and single
girder cranes ranging
from:
 Capacities - 1/4 ton
through 100 tons
 Spans - 5' through 125„
 Use: The most common
overhead crane use is in
the steel industry.
 Located near sea shore,
these are used for cargo
operations or boat
unloading and retrieval
where no shore unloading
facilities are available.
 Lifting Capacity:25 to 36
tones
 Working Radius: 20m to
30m
 This type of crane consists
of a pivoting head and
boom assembly which
carries a hoist and trolley
unit.
 Lifting Capacity: 1 to 300
tones
 Working Radius: 70m
 Use: Jib crane used in ship
yards for lifting heavy
machinery and equipment,
weighing 100 to 300 tons.
 Bulk-handling cranes are designed from the
outset to carry a shell grab or bucket, rather
than using a hook and a sling. They are used
for bulk cargoes, such as coal, minerals, scrap
metal etc.
 Lifting capacity: 120 tones

 Working Radius: 56m

 1.TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE

 It is the cranes mounted on a

rubber tire truck
will provide great mobility.
 Lifting capacity: 20 to 30 tones
 Working Radius: 15m to 20m
 Use: It is used for the loading and
unloading of motor vehicle rolling
stock, for cargoes primarily of a
heavy and single-item nature, and
also for construction and repair
work.
 A side lift crane is another type of movable
crane able to transport materials and hoist
large containers. Very large containers are
lifted using a pair of side lift cranes.

 Lifting Capacity: 120 US tones

 Working Radius: 50m

 Rough terrain crane is a crane
mounted on an undercarriage with
four rubber tires that is designed for
pick-and-carry operations and for
off-road and "rough terrain"
applications.
 Lifting capacity:200 tons at 3m
working radius

 The rough terrain crane is used for

building bridges, operations in power
and chemical plants and refineries
and for large- scale projects.
 A mobile crane with the necessary
equipment to travel at speed on
public roads, and on rough terrain at
the job site using all-wheel and crab
steering. AT„s combine the road
ability of Truck-mounted Cranes and
the maneuverability of Rough Terrain
Cranes.
 Lifting capacity: up to 300 tons
 Working radius: 34m
 Our all-terrain mobile cranes are
excellent for use in places where
ground is uneven or not very
accessible like a beach or a rocky
expanse.
 A crawler crane is a crane mounted on an
undercarriage with a set of tracks (also called
crawlers) that provide stability and mobility.
 Lifting capacity from about 35 to 40 tones
 This particular asset class is ideal for
working in confined or small area where a
big crane can not reach.
 Crawler crane command their position at
many of power plants, thermal plants and at
big infra projects.
 These crane are well suited for piling, drilling
and pipe laying operation by just adding
suitable attachment.
 Rail road crane is one of the mobile crane
type. The name tells us that this crane runs on
rail tracks.
 A railroad crane is specifically designed with
flanged wheels so it can travel along railroad
tracks. Although the design differs according
to the type of work, the basic configuration is
the same in all cases which is a rotating crane
body is mounted on a sturdy chassis fitted
with flanged wheels.
 Uses:
1.For lifting the goods at station yards.

2. It may be used for installing signalling

equipment or pointwork, for example, while
more specialised types are used for track
laying.
 Floating crane is one mobile crane, they are
sea vessels have crane mounted on them or
ships equipped with cranes but not like deck
crane. They are mainly used in building
bridges and port construction.
 They are capable of carrying whole sections of
bridge through the water and installing it in
position due to their loads capacity which
exceeds 10,000 ton their capacity of loading is
great.
 Floating cranes are the ideal choice for cargo
handling on waterways . Floating crane are
mobile and can be used in rivers (mid-stream
transshipment), in ports, in protected waters,
in coastal waters and on the open sea.
 Aerial cranes are helicopters used for lifting
weights. they are one of the mobile crane
type. Also they are called sky cranes. These
helicopters lift the loads by its long cables.
They are used in remote and accessible
places where it is very hard to get any crane
type.
 These places like buildings tops, hill or
mountain top and other places that cost a lot
of money and time to get any other crane like
telescopic or tower crane.
 The aerial cranes are economical and quick in
their work, but nothing is all good, they also
have some disadvantages, like the load limit
they can lift and the skills needed near this
crane.
The main causes of crane failure are listed as:
1.Struck by Load
2.Electrocution
3.Crushed During Assembly/Disassembly
4.Failure of Boom/Cable
5.Crane Tip Over
6.Struck by Cab/Counterweight
7.Falls
 Periodically read the manual and review the rules.
 Examine the load chain for damage or twists, or the wire rope
for kinks or fraying.
 Check the hook. If it's out of shape, don't use it. This may
indicate internal damage.
 Avoid shock loads. Don't run the hook with a slack chain. Bring
the chain or wire to a taut position before lifting.
 To avoid damage to the hoist, the rope or chain should always
be in a straight line from hoist to hook.
 Avoid snagging a load while lifting.
 Avoid jogging a load.
 When using a wire rope hoist, check the wire on the drum.
Don't let it get out of the grooves and pile upon itself.
 Side pulls with a wire rope hoist may fray the rope
and make it unsafe and/or damage the hoist.

Never leave a suspended load unattended. That load

is your responsibility.

 Never carry a load over another person...or get

under a load yourself.

Never lift people with a hoist.

 When moving a load, look where you are going.

Push, don't pull.
 A crane is heavy mechanical equipment, which is used for
lifting the heavy materials.
 After this studied we conclude that, crane plays a vital role in
the construction industry, and makes the construction faster
and economical.
 This paper investigates crane safety in related to the
understanding and degree of executing statutory
requirements and non-statutory guidelines for the use of
cranes
 After the study of it we know about crane and their uses in
different places.
 This presentation gives the information about the causes of
failure and the preventive measures.
 Al-Hussein. (1995). “A compute Integrated System
for crane selection for High Rise Building
Construction, M.A.Sc. Thesis, Centre For Building
Studies, Concordia

 A journal of “Civil engineering & construction

review” July 2012 pg.no.62-84

 ASCE (2002)Adaptive Probabilistic Neural Network

Based Crane Type Selection System “Journal of
construction Engineering and Management.”
Vol.(128):265-273