Best General Education

1. He is the first Asian writer to receive the Nobel Prize. (Rabindranath Tagore)
2. He is considered as the greatest English writer and also known as the “Bard of Avon”. (William
Shakespeare)
3. This Shakespeare’s play is a story of a man whose downfall was caused by overwhelming ambition
for power. (Macbeth)
4. He is known as the father of horror stories. (Edgar Allan Poe)
5. He is known as the Father of English Essays. (Francis Bacon)
6. This Omar Khayam’s work has the theme “Grasping pleasure while you can”. (Rubaiyat)
7. This short story by Edgar Allan Poe has the theme which is similar to the theme of “Poison Tree”.
(The Cask of Amontillado)
8. He is a Filipino writer whose stories and poems depict Filipino-Spanish cultural beliefs and
traditions. (Nick Joaquin)
9. He was the first Filipino National Artist for Literature awarded in 1973. (Jose Garcia Villa)
10. He is a Filipino migrant whose fiction stories reflect the Filipino’s concept of American culture.
(Bienvenido Santos)
11. He is called a “comma poet” because he used commas extensively in his works. (Jose Garcia
Villa)
12. This is a collection of Indian beast fables originally written in Sanskrit. (Panchatantra)
13. This is the first great work of English literature. (Beowulf)
14. This is the greatest lyric poem in the literature of the world. (Psalms of King David)
15. This is a folk song that originated in Pampanga. (Atin Cu PungSingsing)
16. He is known as the greatest Indian writer of all time.” (Kalidasa)
17. He is called the “Morning Star” of English literature. (Geoffrey Chaucer)
18. He is the first man to replace myth with natural laws. (Thales of Miletus)
19. This is a collection of Indian sacred hymns. (Rig Veda)
20. This is a collection of Indian religious text. (Upanishad)
21. He is regarded as the greatest haiku poet. (Matsuo Basho)
22. He is recognized as the father of American literature. (Washington Irving)
23. He was the first mythical geographer who was recognized due to his vivid descriptions of lands
and people encountered by his hero, Ulysses. (Homer)
24. He is a famous composer from Angono, Rizal, and was given a National Artist Award. (Luis San
Pedro)
25. This is regarded as the most influential book in the history of English civilization. (The King James
Bible)
26. This is a popular Philippine secular poetry in octosyllabic quatrains. (Korido)
27. It is a medieval German epic. (Nibelungenlied)
28. He is known as the master of “local color” because of his Pickwick Papers. (Charles Dickens)
29. It is a story of a man’s effort to save his King from a monster. (Beowulf)
30. It is Jonathan Swift’s satire on human folly and stupidity. (Gulliver’s Travel)
31. He is a Philippine National Artist awardee for Literature, and used free verse and espoused the
dictum, "Art for art's sake“. (Jose Garcia Villa)
32. This is known as epic of Ifugao. (Hud-hud)
33. These poems are often erotic and espouse CARPE DIEM or “seize the day”. (Cavalier Poems)
34. This is known to be the very first successful short story in English written in 1925 by Paz Marquez
Benitez. (Dead Stars)
35. She wrote the most exquisite love poems of her time in “Sonnets from the Portuguese”.
(Elizabeth Barrett Browning)
36. This is a very long poem about a pilgrimage from London to Canterbury. (Canterbury Tales)
37. He is a Japanese poet who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1968. (Yasunari Kawabata)
38. This Indian epic which is considered as the longest poem ever written is made up of almost
100,000 couplets divided into 18 parvans or sections. (Mahabharata)
39. This was the era of knights, chivalry, and castles in English literature. (Middle Ages)
40. This is known as epic of Visaya. (Maragtas)
41. This a popular Philippine secular poetry in dodecasyllabic quatrains. (Awit)
42. He is popularly known as “HusengSisiw”. (Jose Dela Cruz)
43. This period of English literature literally means “rebirth” in French. (Renaissance)
44. This is the first novel in English written by a Filipino writer in 1921. (Child of Sorrow, ZoiloGalang)
45. From which Francis Bacon’s essay is this line taken “Some books are to be tasted, others are to
be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested”? (Of Studies)
46. This is the National Epic of England. (Beowulf)
47. He is known as the Father of English Tragedy. (Christopher Marlowe)
48. From which Shakespeare’s play are these lines taken “Good night, good night! Parting is such
sweet sorrow that I shall say good night till it is morrow”? (Romeo and Juliet)
49. He is the first black Nigerian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1986. (Wole
Soyinka)
 50. This is an epic of Ilocanos. (Biag Ni Lam-Ang)
51. What is Stevan Javellana's 1947 novel that captured the moving tale of the cruelty and the
bravery of the war years? (Without Seeing the Dawn)
52. What is Carlos Bulosan’s 1946 literary work that tells about the painful reality of the American
dream? (America Is in the Heart)
53. He has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history”.
(Samuel Johnson)
54. This is the National Epic of America. (The Song of Hiawatha)
55. This poem commemorates the life of a public leader, Abraham Lincoln. (O Captain! My Captain!)
56. This literary work is believed to have triggered the American Civil War. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)

2. 1. Which Republic Act provides government assistance to students and teachers

in private education?
a. RA 7836 c. RA 6728
b. RA 7784 d. RA 6675

3. 2. In the preamble of the CODE of ethics for Professional Teachers, which of the
following teacher descriptions is included in the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers?
a. A. With satisfactory teaching performance
b. Passed the licensure exams for teachers
c. Duly licensed professional
d. Persons of dignity and reputation

4. 3. Which stage according to Erickson is the stage of trust and mistrust?

a. Young adulthood c. Adolescence
b. Early childhood d. Infancy

5. 4. In the history of education system, including that of the Philippines, which

system was first and last remained a partner of other systems of education?
a. Formal b. Non-formal c. Informal d. Pre-school

6. 5. Who among the following subscribe to the theory that the good, the true and
the beautiful are universally valid in all places at all times?
a. Realists and idealists
 b. Realist and existentialists
c. Pragmatists and idealists
d. Pragmatists and realists

7. 6. The 1987 Constitution mandates the state to encourage among others self-
learning, independent and out-of-school study programs particularly those that
respond to community needs. Which is an off shoot of this mandate?
a. Institutionalization of early childhood care and development
b. Principal empowerment program
c. Multi-grade teaching
d. Practices of community-based learning

8. 7. Authors claim that education is given greater in the 1987 Philippine

Constitution than in the past Constitution. Which article provision on education is
found only in the 1987 Constitution?
a. Support to teacher education
b. Provision on assigning the highest budget priority to education
c. The establishment of the integrated system of education
d. The creation of CHED

9. 8. According to Hurlock, studies of children’s play revealed that toy play reaches
its peak during the
a. Middle childhood years
b. Early childhood years
c. Babyhood
d. Late childhood

10. 9. In a DECS memorandum issued last 1998, the new name for multi-grade
class is:
a. A.Friendly school c. Paaralan ng bahay
b. School-of-the-future d. Escuela nueva

11. 10. The student-centered curriculum belongs to which group of educators?

a. Reconstructionist-Essentialist
b. Progressivist, Perennialist
 c. Perennialist, Essentialist
d. Progressivist, Reconstructionist

12. 11. Daniel Goleman talks about emotional intelligence. Which of the
following characterize a student with a high degree of emotional intelligence?
a. Sensitive to points of view and feeling of others
b. Prodded by others
c. Obsessed with achieving at any cost
d. Unable to delay gratification

13. 12. The history of curriculum development includes the hidden curriculum
approach. Which is the content emphasis of the hidden curriculum?
a. Students experiences and activities
b. Implicit processes and social norms
c. Student needs and interest
d. Introspection and choice

14. 13. Teacher T is concerned with conceptual matters since reality is mental
teacher T’s thinking is quite-
a. Realistic c. Existential
b. Pragmatic d. Idealistic

15. 14. The authoritarian setting in the Filipino home is reinforced by a

classroom teacher who-
a. Asks open –ended questions
b. Encourages pupils to ask questions
c. Prescribes what pupils should do
d. Is open to suggestions

16. 15. A number of researches found that the effects of maternal employment
on children’s achievement are-
a. Hardly established
b. Positive and negative
c. Fully established
d. Negative
17.16. Which one correctly describes the phenomenon of latchkey children?
a. They turn to empty homes after school either to sit by the television or to roam
the streets
b. They are truant school children
c. They are engaged in child labor
d. They are engaged in child labor

18. 17. Teacher Q regards the student as a spiritual entity and as part of the
larger spiritual universe. To what philosophy does teacher Q subscribe?
a. Idealism c. Realism
b. Existentialism d. Pragmatism

19. 18. The 1987 Constitution mandates the state to assign the highest
budgetary priority to-
a. Health c. Social work
b. Education d. Defense

20. 19. Moral development in early childhood is characterized by-

a. Questioning rules
b. Willful disobedience of rules
c. Acting out of conviction
d. Acting without knowing why they do so

21. 20. According to Piaget, by adolescence boys and girls must have reached
what stage?
a. Concrete operations stage
b. Sensorimotor stage
c. Formal operations stage
d. Pre-operational stage

22. 21. Ruth dances well. She can figure out how something works or how to fix
something that is broken, without asking for help. Based on Garden’s theory of
multiple intelligence under what intelligence is she strong?
a. Musical
b. Logical-mathematical
 c. Spatial intelligence
d. Kinesthetic intelligence

23. 22. Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined
attention regular homework, and respect for legitimate authority?
a. Reconstructionist c. Essetialist
b. Perennialist d. Progressivist

24. 23. Which developmental task is expected of the adolescent according to

havughurst?
a. Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
b. Skilled games
c. Getting started in an occupation
d. Learning to get along with age-mates

25. 24. Mr. Roy wants his pupils to be creative. Which of the following will he
REFRAIN from doing?
a. Heighten the student’s sense of unusual
b. Develops students’ ability to recognize and analyze problems and relationships
c. Encourage sustained attention in an area of interest
d. Develop solely skill mastery

26. 25. The creation of Student’s Loan Fund to give equal opportunity to all
persons who desire to pursue higher education is the essence of:
a. RA 6014 c. RA 6655
b. RA 7836 d. RA 7784

27. 26. In his/her teaching, Teacher D moves from particular instances to

tentative generalizations that are Subjected to further verification . Teacher D
engages himself/herself in:
a. Intuition
b. Inductive logic
c. Deductive logic
d. Philosophical analysis
28. 27. Which of the correct statement of emotional intelligence is based on
Daniel Goleman’s theory?
a. Emotional intelligence is feeling approximately and effectively
b. Emotional intelligence id being nice to people
c. Emotional intelligence is giving free rein to feeling
d. Emotional intelligence changes less considerably than IQ through life.

29. 28. Which of the following is not a subject-centered curriculum?

a. Perennialist c. Values-centered
b. Back-to-basics d. Subject area

30. 29. Which program is assisted financially by the World Bank and OECF and is
meant for the improvement of elementary education in the SRA provinces?
a. Program for Decentralized Education
b. First Elementary Education Project
c. Kinesthetic intelligence
d. Second Elementary Education Project
30. Mr. Z, A fifty-five year old American citizen, even though very educationally
qualified to be president an educational institution in third country cannot be
appointed as President because: He_____
a. Does not belong to a religious group
b. Is nearing retirement
c. Is not Filipino Citizen
d. Is not an official of a corporation

31. 31. Which of the following is not a hazard to the mastery of developmental
tasks?
a. Unfavorable social judgment
b. Bypassing of stage of development as a result of failure to master the tasks for
that stage of development
c. Crisis when individuals pass from on stage to another
d. Inappropriate or impossible expectations
32. 32. Teacher U emphasizes to her students the importance of deep personal
reflection on one’s commitments and choices. Teacher U subscribes to which
Philosophy?
a. Realism c. Existentialism
b. Idealism d. Pragmatism

33. 33. The constitutional provision on language has the following aims, Except:
a. To make Filipino the national language and medium of instruction and official
communication
b. To make the regional dialect as auxiliary media of instructions in regional
schools
c. To make Filipino the sole medium of instruction
d. To maintain English as a second language

34. 34. Which periods in the life span of an individual are characterized by
growth spurt?
a. Early childhood and adolescence
b. Prenatal period and early childhood
c. Early childhood
d. Pre-natal and puberty

35. 35. The introduction of non-formal education in line with the Constitutional
Provision on:
a. Protection of teachers
b. Promoting the rights of all citizens to make quality education accessible to all
c. Optional religious instructions
d. Promoting the rights of all citizens to quality education at all levels

36. 36. Teacher X is often times frustrated. The students in her class hardly
volunteer to recite and to do other learning-related task. This is a proof of the
Filipino’s:
a. Sense of humor
b. Lack of resourcefulness
 c. Lack of reflection
d. Passivity and lack of initiative

37. 37. The tendency to emphasize so much on school beautification to the

detriment of pupil’s performance illustrated the:
a. Filipino’s sense of humor
b. Filipino’s lack of reflection
c. Filipino’s love for “ Porma” at the expense of substance
d. Filipino’s lack of seriousness

38. 38. A president body to study Philippines education created by virtue of

Executive Order No. 46 during the incumbency of DECS secretary Andrew
Gonzales with an aim to study Philippine Education is the:
a. Presidential Commission on Educational Reform
b. Philippine Commission to Survey Philippine Education
c. Survey to outcomes of elementary Education
d. Commission on Philippine Education

39. 39. Which is a danger signal of adolescent mal-adjustment?

a. Inappropriate body-build
b. Irresponsibility as shown in neglect of studies in favor of having a good time
c. Attraction to the opposite sex
d. Prolonged treatment as children

40. 40. To democratize access to secondary education, public secondary

education was made free. In whose presidency was this implemented?
a. Ferdinand Marcos c. Corazon Aquino
b. Joseph Estrada d. Fidel Ramos

41. 41. Which is not a characteristic of democratic discipline?

a. Child obeys blindly
b. Child understands the meaning of rules
c. Child is given punishment us related to the misdeed
d. Child has opportunity to express his/her opinion
42. 42. The three A’s of happiness according to Hurlock are:
a. Adjustments, affection, altruism
b. Attitude, ability, adjustment
c. Acceptance, affection, and achievement
d. Affection, ability, attitude
43. Babyhood is often referred to as a “ Critical period” in the development of
personality because:
a. At this time the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure
will be built
b. Changes in the personality pattern take place
c. The brain grows and develops at such an accelerated rate during babyhood
d. At this time the baby is exposed to many hazards both physical and
psychological

43. 44. Who among the following stressed the processes of experiences and
problem solving?
a. Plato c. Dewey
b. Hegel d. Aristotle

44. 45. Teacher L believes that creation of knowledge in by way of the learners’
interaction with their environment. Teacher L is more of:
a. An idealist c. An existentialis
b. A pragmatist d. A realist

45. 46. To reach out clientele who cannot be in the classroom for one reason or
another, which of the following was established
a. Non-formal education
b. Informal education
c. Pre-school education
d. formal education

46. 47. The encouragement of self-learning, independent, and out-of-school

study programs as stated in the 1987 constitution has given rise to:
a. The implementation of open universities and distance learning programs
 b. Institutionalization of early childhood care and development
c. The conduct of NEAT and NSAT
d. The clamor for a Grade VII

47. 48. Which of the following statement on developmental tasks is wrong?

a. Failure to master developmental tasks at a certain developmental stage has far
reaching consequences in a person’s development
b. The mastery of development tasks is a result of physical maturation, societal
pressure and individual’s aspiration
c. There are essential skills expected to be acquired and mastered in each
developmental stage
d. Retirees are not expected to work on mastering certain develop mental tasks

48. 49. The 1987 Philippines Constitution states the following, Except:
a. The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English
b. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino
c. Filipino is the Tagalog of the Tagalog –speaking provinces
d. The government shall initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of
official communication and as a language of instruction in the education system

49. 50. Which among the following has been said to play an irreplaceable role in
the education of the young?
a. Community c. Church
b. School d. Home

50. 51. For the drill method to be effective there should be:
a. Much practice on a few skills
b. Little practices on few skills
c. Much practice on many skills
d. Little practice on many skills

51. 52. Which of the following classroom management practices runs counter to
the reality therapy approach of William Glasser?
a. The teacher asks a misbehaving student what he or she is doing
b. Teacher requires the students to prepare a plan in writing and sign it as means
 of increasing personal motivation to maintain and fulfill the plan
c. The teacher evaluates pupil’s behavior as good or bad
d. Teacher assists the students in making realistic plans to change behavior

52. 53. Which of the following does not apply to mastery learning?
a. It makes use of varied instructional time for different groups of students
b. It makes use of norm-reference tests
c. It is effective in teaching basic skills
d. It requires the use of carefully crafted instructional objective

53. 54. The teacher’s role in problem solving methods is:

a. To test the conclusions
b. To set up the problem
c. To propose ways of obtaining the needed data
d. To help the learners what is it that is being solved

54. 55. To nurture creativity in student, teacher should:

a. Vary the length and difficulty of question
b. Allow for one-minute wait-time
c. Ask convergent questions
d. Emphasize the necessity of giving right answers

55. 56. The content of a good lesson plan is self-sufficient. This means that:
a. The content should match with student’s aptitude
b. The content should help students learn how to learn
c. The content should be broad and treated thoroughly
d. The content should be verifiable

56. 57. Which one can NOT help individuals reduce their own fears about
change?
a. Reflect on the extent of change in one’s life so far and how it has coped with
b. Identify shortfalls in skills or knowledge and take action to remedy them
c. Identify skills which will be useful in a new situation
d. Keep feeling of anxiety to themselves
57. 58. The following are generating thinking skills, Except:
a. Connecting new ideas c. Classifying
b. Predicting d. Inferring

58. 59. Mrs. Valdez wants to generates as many ideas as she can as the class is
about to embark on a community outreach program. Which of the following will
she employ?
a. role playing c. brainwashing
b. brainstorming d. simulation

59. 60. Which teaching practice will most likely decrease learner’s attention?
a. Questioning
b. Assessing learning as an integral part of instruction
c. Assessing learning as an integral part of instruction
d. Teaching by telling

60. 61. For efficiency, if in the process of teaching a teacher realizes that too
little has been planned, which of the following may she NOT do?
a. Discuss possible problems of the new assignment.
b. Pose additional questions to explore various facets of the content
c. Drill the students on the major points of the lesson.
d. Give a quiz

61. 62. Correct practice makes perfect. This maxim is based on Thorndike’s law
of exercise and the finding that reinforcement of a response increases the
likelihood its occurrence. Whose research finding is the underlined statement?
a. Skinner c. Palo
b. Bruner d. Lewin

62. 63. Here is a lesson objective: Given a microscope and a slide, the students
must be able to focus the prepared slide. Applying Robert F. Mager’s principle,
which does this lesson objective lack?
a. Criterion measure c. Performance
b. Condition d. time element
63. 64. Which is a focusing thinking skill?
a. Identifying key concepts
b. Summarizing
c. Obtaining information
d. Clarifying through inquiry

64. 65. In the use of television in the classroom, which of the following should
be avoided?
a. The TV program lasts the whole class period.
b. There is a pre-viewing orientation
c. Select programs that match the learners’ level of interest and maturity
d. Life should be left on if students are to take notes

65. 66. Based on Victor Lowenfield’s classification, which sequence in the

developmental stages of children in art is followed?
a. Scribbling stage, pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, dawning realism
stage, pseudo-realistic stage
b. Scribbling stage, pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, pseudorealistic stage,
dawning realism stage
c. Pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, scribbling stage, pseudorealistic stage,
dawning realism stage
d. Pre-schematic, schematic stage, scribbling dawning realism stage, pseudo-
realistic stage

66. 67. In relation to teacher’s ratings research suggests the following, Except
one:
a. Teachers favor self-evaluation over all other forms of evaluation
b. Peer and supervisory evaluation are not reliable
c. Student raters of teachers are more reliable and valid than other raters
d. Student work and test outcomes are supplementary sources for evaluating
teachers

67. 68. Suppose defined 3 levels of computer-assisted instruction: dialogue,

tutoring, practice-drill. Which ones are two higher levels in the correct order?
 a. Tutoring and dialogue
b. Practices-drill and tutoring
c. Dialogue and tutoring
d. Practice-drill and dialogue

68. 69. In what condition is the use of the lecture method appropriate?
a. Higher cognitive learning is sought
b. The information is not available
c. The subject matter is quite easy
d. Long term learning is desired

69. 70. Which refers to the time when students learn at a maximum level?
a. Wait time c. Allocated time
b. Engaged time d. Academic learning time

70. 71. What is a sign of the underachiever in the classroom?

a. Resist authority and carry on a power struggle with a teacher.
b. Holds back from class participant unless sure of self
c. Frustrated about quality of work
d. Minimum work output.

71. 72. If after calling on a number of students, a teacher is unable to obtain the
desired response, what should teacher do
a. Ask leading questions
b. Re-teach parts of the lesson that need re-teaching
c. Probe student’s answers.
d. Rephrase the questions

72. 73. For global competitiveness, a school must embark on a proactive

change. Which one is a characteristic of proactive change?
a. radical and inventive c. late in the game
b. imitative of others d. problem-driven

73. 74. Which guideline on the use of the chalkboard should a teacher AVOID?
a. Establish routine uses for the chalkboard
b. While writing, proceed from right to left
 c. Don’t talk to the chalkboard while writing on it
d. Limit your board writing to major ideas

74. 75. To teach the democratic process to the pupils, Mabuhay Elementary
School decided that the election of class and school officers shall be patterned
after local election of the class and school officers shall be patterned after local
election process. There are qualifications set for candidates, limited period for
campaign and rules for postingcampaign materials, etc. Which of the following did
the school use?
a. Simulation c. Role playing
b. Philips 66 d. Symposium

75. 76. Which is NOT a characteristic of preventive discipline.

a. Proactive c. Inventive
b. Anticipatory d. Reactive.

76. 77. One criterion that has been proposed in the selection and organization of
content in the development section of a lesson plan is balance. When does lesson
content possess balance.
a. The content should have practical application for the learners
b. The content is not cluttered by masses of more trivial content
c. The content should enable the learners to experience the broad sweep of
content and give them the opportunity to go deeper
d. The content should help student learns how to learn

77. 78. The burnout malady gets worse if a teacher doesn’t intervene to change
whatever areas he or she can control. Which one can renew a teachers
enthusiasm.
a. Engage in self-pity
b. Stick to the job
c. Judge someone else as wrong
d. Initiate changes in job.

78. 79. Although learning can take place anywhere and anytime, the more
systematic the teacher, the greater the probability for success. This points out
 the need for teachers to:
a. Specify their objectives
b. Plan their lessons
c. Set their teaching priorities
d. Select their instructional materials

79. 80. Below are teachers effective classroom management practices, Except
One.
a. Teachers make sure students understand and follow rules and procedures
b. Disruptive behavior is handled every weekend
c. Teachers clearly establish consequences for not following rules
d. Teachers spend more time in the beginning of the year explaining and
reminding students of rules.

80. 81. A teacher’s summary of a lesson serves the following functions except;
a. It links the parts of the less
b. It makes provisions for full participation of the students
c. It clinches the basic ideas or concepts of the lesson
d. It brings together the information that has been discussed

81. 82. Which ones are projected visuals?

a. Graphs on a book c. Realias
b. Models d. Slides

82. 83. The lesson is on the pros and cons of capital punishment. Mr. Milan
wants to do high level thinking and to develop a view of capital punishment from
a different perspective. Which technique will be most appropriate?
a. Lecture c. Role playing
b. Simulation d. Panel discussion

83. 84. Which is used to emphasize individualized instruction?

a. Tutorial group c. Inquiry group
b. Philips 66 d. Task group

84. 85. Here a question: FROM THE DATA PRESENTED FORM GENERALIZATIONS
THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY THE DATA. Under what type of question does this test
 item fall?
a. Evaluate c. Divergent
b. Convergent d. Application

85. 86. Ms. Estira cannot bring her pupils to the sea for a lesson on marine
community. Which of the following will be closest to an actual experience of
marine community?
a. Motion picture on marine community
b. Description of marine community
c. Pictures of marine community
d. Taped lesson of marine community

86. 87. Which can NoT help organizations reduces fears about change?
a. By training people in new skills
b. By keeping people informed about plans
c. By cladestine moves
d. By consultation

87. 88. After a lesson in air pollution, teacher C gives each pupil mimeographed
sheets, which contain statements to which each is expected to react. Examples
of these statements are. Do you in any way contribute to air pollution? What
solutions do you propose to minimize, if not eliminate, air pollution. Then the
students are grouped for sharing.
In this case what does the teacher make use of
a. Value sheet c. Rank ordering
b. Conflict story d. Contrived incident

88. 89. Which orders consist of the goal-oriented instructional model?

a. Pre-assessment, specification of objectives, pre-assessment, instruction,
evaluation
b. Specification of objectives, pre-assessment, instruction evaluation
c. Pre-assessment, specification of objectives, instruction, evaluation
d. Specification of objectives, evaluation, pre-assessment, instruction
89. 90. Teacher B’s lesson was on abortion. She wanted to get her student’s
maximum participation and reaction. She showed slides on abortion accompanied
by an audiotape that presented the reasons for and against abortion. Teacher
took a stand in favor of abortion and came up with all her justifications. At the
end, however, she made clear her stand on abortion. Which did the teacher use?
a. She made use of value clarifying discussion
b. She made use of contrived incident
c. She made use of simulation
d. She played the role of the devil’s advocate

90. 91. In on of the pages of her reference material, Ms. Estrada finds the life
cycle of a frog. Assuming that the following are available to her, the quickest way
to effectively present the life cycle of a frog to the class is by way of
a. An overhead projector
b. An opaque projector
c. Describing the life cycle
d. A drawing on the chalkboard

91. 92. Below are questions that must be considered in developing appropriate
learning activities/ experience, Except one
a. Do the experiences encourage pupils to inquire further?
b. Do the experiences save the pupils from learning difficulties?
c. Can be experiences profit the pupils?
d. Are the experiences in accordance with an increasing amount of learning?

92. 93. Which order of the senses goes with an increasing amount of learning?
a. Sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell
b. Taste and smell, sight , touch, hearing
c. Taste and smell, touch, sight, hearing
d. Taste and smell, touch, hearing, sight

93. 94. Which of the following statements on peer tutoring is true?

a. Teacher has time with more severe learning problems
b. The atmosphere is threatening
 c. The social skills of pear tutors are not enhanced
d. the peer tutor’s achievement goes down

94. 95. A lesson in Philippines history was presented by Mrs. Palaroan by

making her class view a videotape on EDSA revolution. The videotape which Mrs.
Palaroan used in class points to what property of instructional media?
a. Manipulative c. Fixative
b. Multi-sensory d. Distributive

95. 96. Read the following teacher-student- situation. Teacher: Why is the
process called photosynthesis? Student: I don’t know. Which questioning
technique should the teacher use?
a. Concept c. Clarification
b. Prompting d. Multiple response

96. 97. Miss Lee’s objective is to focus student’s attention on and quickly create
interest in a problem or concept. She makes use of:
a. Task group c. Tutorial group
b. Panel discussion d. Philips 66

97. 98. The content of the lesson must be feasible. This means that:
a. The lesson should be interesting to the student
b. The lesson must be within the capacity of the students
c. The teacher must considered the time needed and resources available
d. The lesson must be useful

98. 99. Which questioning behavior is appropriate:

a. Not allowing a student to complete a long response
b. Repeating all student’s response
c. Allowing choral responses
d. Asking varied questions

99. 100. Research on teacher effective practices has shown the following
except:
a. Planning has title impact on student learning
b. Questioning strategies are ineffective monitoring technique
 c. Teaching procedures on classroom routines early in the school year are
essential
d. Directives should be few and best delivered in a casual manner

100. 101. Teacher Y wants to measure student’s ability to organize thoughts and
ideas. Which type of test is most appropriate?
a. Objectives test
b. Limited response essay
c. Extended response essay
d. Short answer type of test

101. 102. Which of the following refers to organized services specially designed
to improve the adjustment of students?
a. Group growth sessions c. Cumulative records
b. Test profiles d. Guidance program

102. 103. Which tests survey existing problems of academic progress?

a. Achievement tests c. Problem checklist
b. Interest inventories d. Aptitude tests

103. 104. Which of the following statements about guidance is NOT true?
a. Guidance is a continuous process
b. Guidance is concerned with “ Whole” student, not only with his or her
intellectual and academic aspect
c. Guidance is telling a student what is best for him, and advising him about what
he should do
d. Guidance is primary concerned with prevention rather than cure

104. 105. Which of the following is NOT a guidance service?

a. Psychological testing
b. Counseling
c. Observation
d. Education placement
105. 106. Which of the following tests is given at the end of instruction?
a. Summative c. formative test
b. Placement test d. diagnostic test

106. 107. Special or exceptional students are such in certain aspects, Except for
one:
a. Sensory abilities
b. Gender orientation
c. Mental characteristics
d. Communication abilities

107. 108. Information from achievement tests can be used in the following,
Except in:
a. Grading a student
b. Labeling pupils
c. Establishing proficiency
d. Giving feedback regarding effectiveness of learning

108. 109. Which of the following occurs when the teachers have a general
tendency to rate all individuals’ performance at
approximately the same position on the rating scale?
a. Personal bias error c. Logical error
b. Halo effect d. Severity error

109. 110. The environment must be interactive to facilitate learning, which of the
following situations is an example of this?
a. The class copies a list of facts concerning the habitat of insects
b. The teacher lectures on the habitat of insects
c. The class goes out and discovers the habitat of insects
d. The teacher shows posters of the habitat of insects

110. 111. When teachers, administrators and counselors come together to

synthesize or coordinate in interpreting data about a student for the purpose of a
more intensive study, this is called
 a. Longitudinal study c. Case conference
b. Case study d. Case analysis

111. 112. Which type of test can help teachers predict the probability of success
of students in certain areas or endeavors?
a. Achievement c. Aptitude
b. Intelligence d. Personality

112. 113. Which of the following correctly describes dyslexia?

a. A. It is a developmental expressive writing disorder
b. It is a developmental arithmetic disorder
c. It is a developmental reading disorder
d. It is a developmental articulation disorder

113. 114. Free and compulsory education as mandated in the 1987 constitution
holds true for_____________
a. Elementary and secondary education
b. Education in the primary grades
c. All children of school age
d. Grade VI pupils
115. Readiness pretests is give at the beginning of an instructional unit is a:
a. Summative tests c. Placement test
b. Formative test d. Diagnostic test

114. 116. The distribution of the scores is negatively skewed. This means that:
a. Most of the score are low
b. Most of the scores are high
c. The score are concentrated on the left of the distribution curve and most of the
score are low
d. The scores are concentrated on the left of the distribution curve

115. 117. Aside from professional competence, what other important qualification
must a teacher have for guidance work?
a. Similar cultural background with the students
b. Personal qualities, such as warmth, open-mindedness, interest in people
 c. Affiliation with a professional group
d. Several year of experience as teacher

116. 118. Which of the following is meant to determine student performance at

the beginning of instruction?
a. Diagnostic assessment
b. Placement assessment
c. Summative assessment
d. Summative assessment

117. 119. Mean is to central tendency as standard deviation is to:

a. Discrimination c. Correlation
b. Level of difficulty d. Variability

118. 120. The following characterize school guidance programs, Except one:
a. A part of every school activity
b. Separate from the general life of the school
c. A function sheared by all
d. Located in every part of the school

119. 121. Which factor is most likely to make a school’s guidance program
succeed?
a. Administrative support
b. The availability of the specialist
c. The favorable attitude of teachers toward guidance
d. Located in every part of the school

120. 122. The results if this type of test serve as basis for remedial instruction.
What is the type of test referred to?
a. Prognotic test c. Diagnostic test
b. Speed test d. Achievement test

121. 123. The difficulty index of a test item is 1. This implies that:
a. The test item must be moderate in difficulty because 50% got the item
correctly and 50% got it wrongly
b. The test item must be very difficult because nobody got the item correctly
 c. The test item must be neither difficult because nor easy because this depends
on the ability of the students
d. The test item must be very easy because everybody got the item correctly

122. 124. In his conduct of item analysis Mr. Milanes discovered that a significant
greater number from the lower group of the class that from the upper group got
item number 10 correctly. This implies that:
a. The test item is reliable
b. The test item has a negative discriminating power
c. The item has a positive discrimination power
d. The tests item is valid

123. 125. Guidance is concerned with

a. All students, even if some seem not to have problems
b. Students who manifests undesirable behavior only
c. Underachieving students only
d. Students with emotional problems only

124. 126. Which statement explains the primary focus of the non-directive
approach in counseling?
a. It focuses in the person’s responsibility and capacity to discover more
appropriate behavior
b. It places confidence in a person’s ability to deal with his or her needs through a
realistic process
c. it helps confidence to develop a more rational to deal with his or her needs
through a realistic process
d. it modifies behavior by providing appropriate learning conditions and
experiences

125. 127. An algebra test was designed to measure what the students learned at
the end of the course. It was also to predict success in future mathematics
subjects. This algebra test functioned as-
a. Diagnostic and placement test
b. An aptitude test
 c. An achievement test
d. An aptitude and an achievement test

126. 128. Giftedness is a form of exceptionality. Students who fall under this
category demonstrate high performance in special areas, such as those below-
a. Athletic prowess c. General intellectual ability
b. Creative thinking d. Visual and performing arts

127. 129. Which of the following is the least stable measure of central tendency?
a. Median and mode c. Median
b. Mode d. Mean

128. 130. Which assessment is concerned with identifying learning difficulties

during instruction
a. Summative assessment
b. Placement assessment
c. Formative assessment
d. Visual and performing arts

129. 131. These are significant information about a student, gathered through the
use of various techniques, assembled, summarized and organized in such a way
that they may be used effectively:
a. Cumulative records
b. Test profile
c. Personal inventories
d. Case studies

130. 132. Research findings show that autism is

a. Either more prevalent among girls or among boys depending on their nationality
b. Equally prevalent among boys and girls
c. More prevalent among boys than among girls
d. More prevalent among girls than among boys

131. 133. In interpreting test results which statements are true?

I. A raw score itself is meaningless but becomes meaningful once it is interpreted
II. An analysis of test results is useless without interpretation
 III. Test result interpretation is possible without analysis
IV. The use of statistical techniques gives meaning to student’s scores
a. I, II, IV c. I, III, IV
b. I, II, III d. II, III, IV

132. 134. This guidance service to help students carry out their plans and act on
their choices so that they become adjusted to their chosen field or career is
called:
a. Counseling c. placement
b. information d. follow-up

133. 135. The tendency for the rather to use only the lower end of rating scale in
rating performance is referred to as
a. Personal bias error c. Generosity error
b. Severity error d. logical error

134. 136. What must be employed to continuously strengthen a school guidance

program
a. Assignment of responsibilities
b. research
c. Evaluation
d. Program Planning

135. 137. Which tests are given before instruction?

a. Placement c. Summative
b. Formative d. Achievement

136. 138. The operation “Return to the basics” saw its embodiment in the
_________
a. National Elementary Achievement Test
b. New Secondary Education Curriculum
c. National Secondary Achievement Test
d. New Elementary School Curriculum
137. 139. The following are computed difficulty indices: 1, . 80, .50, .30 which one
indicates the most difficulty item?
a. 30 b. 50 c. 1 d. 80

138. 140. Which of the following explains why the plateau phenomenon of ten
found in human being does NOT exist in animal learning experiments?
a. Animals are unable to profit from errors
b. The incentive in animal learning is constant
c. Animals have weak incentive in learning
d. Animals are unable to spurt in learning

139. 141. All are components of remedial guidance in the classroom, Except:
a. Dealing with discipline problems
b. Dealing with poor study habits and skills
c. Dealing with underachievement
d. Dealing with career choices or vocational plans

140. 142. Which method provides a more or less objective assessment of

different aspects of an individual?
a. Home visits
b. Counseling interview
c. Observations
d. Standardized testing

141. 143. Which of the following behavior indicates that a child has developed
conventional maturity? The behavior is based on _________
a. The desire to avoid severe physical punishment by a superior authority
b. Personal decisions based on his satisfaction
c. The expectations of the group or society in general to gain approval
d. Internalized ideals to avoid self condemnation rather than social censure

142. 144. A school guidance program should arise mainly out of:
a. The curriculum and other programs of the school
b. The school administrator’s directives from his/her perceptions
 c. The students’ needs and the problems
d. The availability of guidance resources in the schools

143. 145. A test in which the options are dependent upon a foundation of some
sort such as graphical representation, paragraph, and pictures is:
a. Contained-options test
b. Setting-and-options test
c. Structured-response
d. Stem-and-options test

144. 146. In the scoring of essay tests, experts advise teachers to score all
answer to an easy question before going to the next question for which reason?
a. It reduce the chances that ratings will be influenced by a halo effect
b. It is more convenient
c. It is easier to apply the criteria more uniformly when considering only a single
task at a time when going from task to task for each student
d. Checking is faster this way

145. 147. Whose performance does stanine of 5 represent?

a. Performance of the upper 40%
b. Performance of the upper 20%
c. Performance of the lower 20%
d. Performance of the middle 20%

146. 148. In making and reporting observations of students’ behavior, which ones
should be avoided?
a. Descriptions of student’s gestures and expressions
b. The names of other students with whom the one being observed interact
c. Opinions and judgment about students
d. Direct quotations of student’s statements

147. 149. This is the stage when the learner become confused and starts to
experience identity crisis. This is the ____________
a. Late childhood stage
b. Early childhood stage
 c. Early adulthood stage
d. Adolescent stage

148. 150. All are basic functions of psychological tests EXCEPT ONE.
a. For selection or admission
b. Identification of students who need special attention
c. For promotion or acceleration
d. Integration of life experiences and future directions of students

149. 151. Upon what shall a teacher base the evaluation of the learner’s
scholarship
a. Merit, learner’s scholarship
b. Merit, quality of performance
c. Merit, attendance
d. Quality of performance, learner’s scholarship

150. 152. The following are some of what a professional teachers may NOT do
EXCEPT:
a. Accept remuneration from tutorials other than what is authorized for such
service
b. Make deductions from student’s scholastic ratings as a punishment
c. Base the evaluation of the learner’s work on merit and quality of academic
performance
d. Inflict corporal punishment an offending learners

151. 153. The value of education, deference to authority, and filial piety in the
Philippines in an influenced of
a. Taoist tradition c. Buddhist tradition
b. Confucianist tradition d. Hindu tradition

152. 154. Which statement regarding teacher’s ethical behavior is wrong?

a. A teacher may not fall in love with his/her students
b. Teachers shall support one another at all times when the best interest of the
learners, the school, or the profession at stake
c. A teachers may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticisms
 against an associate
d. It is every teacher’s responsibility to seek correctives for any unprofessional
and unethical conduct of any associate

153. 155. Which is the first and foremost concern of a teacher? The interest and
welfare of:
a. Learners
b. Colleagues
c. Parents
d. The teaching profession

154. 156. The ideal society in the context of Plato is one where:
a. There is hope c. Justice reigns
b. Love prevails d. Faith matters

155. 157. The survivors of a shipwreck are now packed in a lifeboat which may
capsize unless partly deloaded. Which of the following acts will be morally
justifiable?
a. Pushing the young and old ones and leaving them behind to drown
b. Trying to save everyone as much as possible
c. Shooting some passengers and leaving them behind
d. Doing nothing and waiting for the boat to capsize

156. 158. For the advocates of value clarification, values are

a. Universal c. Objective
b. Personal d. Unchanging

157. 159. With regard to business, which does the Code of Ethics NOT say about
teachers?
a. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to debts loans and
other financial matters
b. No teachers shall be financially interested in any commercial venture involving
textbooks and other school commodities where he/she can exercise official
influence
c. no teacher shall act as agent of textbooks and other school commodities where
 he/she can exercise official influence
d. a teacher may not engage in any kind of business

158. 160. The more consumeristics a person is, the more he/she gets attached to
this material world, the farther he is from the universal self, the more miserable
he/she becomes. This is a teaching
a. Confucianism c. Hinduism
b. Taoism d. Buddhism

159. 161. Who believed that there should be less reliance on the school, and the
world of work?
a. Paolo Freire c. Paul Goodman
b. Ivan Illich d. Jean Paul Sartre

160. 162. Human dignity is inherent in every person. This means that
a. The inner worth of a person depends on what he has
b. The inner worth of a person depends on how he/she looks
c. The inner worth of a person depends on what he can do
d. The inner worth of a person is in him/her she looks

161. 163. Which of the following runs counter to the development of honesty and
accountability?
a. Being vigilant about weights and measures used in the markets
b. Equal payment of government employee’s productivity pay
c. Payment of just wages to workers and employees
d. Transparent in operations of the barangay and
other organizations through public reporting

162. 164. Which are said to be our wellspring of excellence?

a. Third largest English-speaking nation, tiger economy, inventor of people’s
power revolution
b. Tiger economy, superior human resources
c. Tiger largest English-speaking nation, superior human resources, inventor of
people’s power revolution
 d. Tiger economy, the inventor of people’s power revolution, superior, human
resources

163. 165. Which among these goals for change was proposed by the moral
Recovery Program?
a. A sense of justice and outrage over its violation, a sense of national pride, a
sense of seriousness
b. A sense of national guide, a sense of seriousness, sense of common good
c. A sense of national guide, a sense of seriousness, sense of national justice and
outrage over its violation
d. A sense of national guide, a sense of the common good, a sense of justice and
outrage over its violation

164. 166. The code of ethics for teachers states that school officials shall
encourage and attend to the professional growth of all teachers. According to the
Code school officials can do this by:
a. Giving them due recognition for meritorious performance by allowing them to
participate in conferences and training programs ecommending teachers for
promotion
b. Recommending teachers for promotion, organizing teachers in a professional
organization
c. Allowing them to participate in conferences and training programs
d. Organizing teachers into a professional organization, giving them due
recognition for meritorious performance and recommending teachers for
promotion

165. 167. Which thrust on value formation is intended to help the students
identify and be aware of their values?
a. Analysis c. Value inculcation
b. Value clarification d. Moral development

166. 168. The idea that there should be less reliance on the school and greater
use of education potential of the community and the world of work is the essence
of:
 a. Community-based education
b. Formal education
c. Multi-grade teaching
d. Mobile teaching

167. 169. It is said that the big drama development is played out in small scenes.
Which one does not serve as a further explanation of this statement?
a. Ordinary things done by ordinary people are the solid building blocks on which
a nation develops
b. Details can make a significant difference
c. Much of our personal development and progress of the nation depends on how
extraordinary well we do the ordinary things
d. Let us give attention to major things because they are the ones that matter

168. 170. Which of the following characteristics does not apply to Plato’s just
society?
a. The artists are creative
b. The leaders are wise
c. The soldiers are courageous
d. The working class are temperant

169. 171. Martin Buber’s “ dialogic principle” requires as restructuring of society

which can be achieved by:
a. Communism which cannot tolerate multiplicity and freedom
b. Fascism which cannot allow dialogue
c. Democracy which requires centralistic political set up
d. Democratic socialism which advocates a genuine dialogue life

170. 172. Which of the following statements about society is TRUE?

a. Revolution produce the opposite of their goals
b. Ethnic cleansing leads to social unanimity
c. “ Social education “ leads to a mature society
d. Cooperative education is a means to Social education?
171. 173. Which of the following statements defines ethics?
a. The science of correct thinking
b. The study of being a general
c. The study of the nature of human knowledge
d. The study of rightness or wrongness of human knowledge

172. 174. Which of the following dose not characterize fascism?

a. A government of laws and not of men
b. Rigid hierarchy and authority of single leader
c. Militarist, nationalist and dictatorial regime
d. It justifies any of its means by its end

173. 175. Which of the following is not Anarchism?

a. Freedom and responsibility
b. Social organization without hierarchy
c. Extreme view of individual freedom
d. Destruction of the state and its supporting
institution

174. 176. In which of the following acts would you attribute responsibility?
a. A barkeeper sells liquor to a minor not knowing he is an adult
b. A barkeeper sells liquor to a minor not knowing it is illegal to do so
c. A barkeeper sells liquor to a client not knowing it is contaminated with poison
d. A barkeeper sells liquor not knowing it would cause the death of a diabetic
person

175. 177. The values of the people are revealed in the following approaches,
Except One
a. When they are asked to choose freely among alternative
b. When they act out what they choose but for a short while and not repeatedly
c. When they act out what they choose
d. When they are asked to choose among alternatives

176. 178. To attain harmony in society people must rule their subjects with
benevolence . whose teaching was this?
 a. Mohammad c. Buddha
b. Kung-fu-zu d. Lao Tzu

177. 179. The concept that school failed to encourage positive learning and were
opposed to the production of independently-minded adults was popularized by:
a. Paolo Freire c. Paul Goodman
b. John Dewey d. Ivan Illich

178. 180. Which type of conscience is possessed by one who is extremely

rigorous and is constantly afraid of committing evil?
a. Scrupulous c. Certain conscience
b. Lax conscience d. Certain conscience

179. 181. The following EXCEPT ONE are the strength of Filipino character
a. Pakikipagkapwa-tao c. Frankness
b. Family orientation d. Joy of humor

180. 182. Which of the following is the Aristotlelian definition of happiness?

a. One’s ultimate achievements in life
b. A state made perfectly the aggregation of good things
c. The satisfaction of all desires and the absence of pain
d. The experience of the fulfillment of possibilities

181. 183. One of the following statements about passion is NOT TRUE?
a. Passion does not affect voluntariness
b. Passion may completely destroy freedom
c. passion tends to blind the judgment of the intellect
d. passion cannot affect freedom

182. 184. Which does not characterize a non-violent society?

a. Solves problems in non-adversarial way
b. Prefers indigenous ways of solving problems
c. A passive society
d. Solves problems in a non-confrontational way
183. 185. Which statement holds true of values clarification?
a. Values are objective; no person has the right set of values to pass on to others
b. It is meant to help students get at their own feelings, ideas, and belief’s; no
person has the right set of values to pass on to others
c. No person has the right set of values to pass on to others; values are
independent of time
d. Values are independent of time, place, and persons; meant to help students get
at their own feelings and ideas
186. Based on the Code of Ethics for teachers, which of the following may
teachers Not do?
a. Welcomes the opportunity to lead in barangay
b. Studies and understands local customs and traditions
c. Deducts points from students scholastic ratings as a form of punishment
d. Attends church and worship of his choice joy and humor

184. 187. Which type of justice implies the duty of one individual to give another
what he is due?
a. International justice
b. Distributive justice
c. Social justice
d. Commutative justice

185. 188. It is said that our level of achievement is always lower than our level of
aspir

PARA SA MGA MAJOR IN FILIPINO❣

☀REMIX FILIPINO REVIEWERS☀

❤FILIPINO ❤
1. ahas na tulog - tamad
2. alog na ang baba - matanda
3. babaha ng dugo - mag-aaway
4. maglubid ng buhangin - magsinungaling
5. magdilat ng mata - tanggaping ang katotohanan
6. namuti ang mata - naghintay ng matagal / nainip
7. di-mahapayang gatang -di-nagpapatalo / mayabang
8. isang kahig, isang tuka - mahirap
9. di - maliparang uwak - napakalawak
10. ilista sa tubig - kalimutan
11. bugtong na anak - nag-iisang anak
12. buwayang-lubog - traydor
13. lobong nakadamit tupa - mapagpanggap / mapagbalatkayo
14. nagbibilang ng poste - tambay o walang trabaho
15. ampalayang-ampalaya - kuripot / makunat
16. bulang gugo - bulagsak / magastos
17. nagbibig-anghel - nagkatotoo ang sinabi
18. kaututang-dila - kadaldalan
19. nag-aamoy bawang - malapit nang magpakasal
20. lumilipad ang saya - maligayang-maligaya
21. nakatulog sa pansitan - napag-iiwanan
22. alilang-kanin - katulong na pagkain lang ang sweldo
23. walang bituka - manhid
24. ngiting-aso - di-totoo / nagkukunwari
25. buhay alamang - mahirap
26. balitang kutsero - tsismis
27. maluwag ang kwerdas - sira-ulo
28. nag-ermitanyo - namuhay ng mag-isa
29. itaga sa bato - tandaan
30. mataas ang lipad - mayabang

�PERFECT GENERAL EDUCATION SUMMARY�

�MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA

♥️1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
♥️2. DING-DONG – bagay
♥️3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin
♥️4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal

�FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES

♥️BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture Writings
♥️DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
♥️EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
♥️ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr.
♥️JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
♥️MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE - Masterpiece is
♥️“Don Quixote” that is most influential
♥️NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
♥️PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
♥️SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – Mark Twain
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel)
♥️SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga
salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap.

�PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS

♥️ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
♥️ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
♥️EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
♥️EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
♥️GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
♥️JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
♥️JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
♥️JUAN LUNA – Buan
♥️MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,Piping Dilat
♥️MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),Kalipulako

�MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP

WALANG PAKSA:
♥️1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
♥️2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
♥️3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
♥️4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
♥️5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
♥️6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon

�KAYARIAN:
♥️1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
♥️2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
♥️3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
♥️4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap

�MGA URI NG KWENTO

♥️1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
♥️2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
♥️3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
♥️4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)

�ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)

♥️1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
♥️2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
♥️3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo

�KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)

♥️1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
♥️2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
♥️3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)

�MGA URI NG TULA

♥️1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
♥️2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)

�MGA AWITING BAYAN

♥️1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
♥️2. DIONA – kasal
♥️3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati)
♥️4. KALUSAN – paggawa
♥️5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma)
♥️6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig
♥️7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata
♥️8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan
♥️9. TALINDAW – pamamangka

�PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
♥️1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
♥️2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
♥️3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
♥️4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad
♥️5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – takpan
♥️6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
♥️7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – marapat

�MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS

♥️1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
♥️2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – ito/this etc.
♥️3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
♥️4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
♥️5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when etc.
♥️6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano, which, who

�MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO

♥️AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by Confucius)
♥️AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
♥️AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
♥️BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
♥️CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer)
♥️DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
♥️EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history ng Spain
♥️ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
♥️ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
♥️KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) ♥️MAHABRATA – India
♥️UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by
Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)

�MGA URI NG PANITIKAN

♥️1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado
MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng
kapaskuhan
d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan
e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show
f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing
damdamin
C. ALAMAT – pinagmulan
D. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral
♥️2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro
o BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI SA BUKID – Bisaya
o KUMINTANG – Tagalog
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua
o TATUANG - Bagobo
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI – own feeling
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan
o ELEHIYA – yumao
o DALIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid
o ODA – papuri
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN
a. KOMEDYA
b. MELODRAMA – musical
c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character
d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. SAYNETE
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. TULANG PATNIGAN
a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa
hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo

�FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING:
♥️1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig
♥️2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang pangatnig
♥️3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
♥️4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
♥️5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
PAGLALARAWAN:
♥️6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o EKSAHERASYON
♥️7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao.
Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
♥️8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong feeling.
♥️9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”
♥️10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ extra words
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
♥️11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
PAGSASATUNOG:
♥️12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang paksa
♥️13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex:
Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
♥️14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA:
♥️ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
♥️ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
♥️EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
♥️PAG-UYAM – sarcasm
♥️LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.

�TALUDTOD – linya sa tula

�UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH

♥️1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
♥️2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
♥️3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark

�PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE

♥️1. ARTICLES – a, an, the
♥️2. OPINION
♥️3. SIZE
♥️4. AGE
♥️5. SHAPE
♥️6. COLOR
♥️7. MATERIAL
♥️8. PURPOSE

�CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
♥️1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
♥️2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
♥️3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.
♥️4. ELEGY –death of individual
♥️5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
♥️6. EULOGY – message for the dead
♥️7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
♥️8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
♥️9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
♥️10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
♥️11. NARRATIVE – tells story
♥️12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
♥️13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
♥️14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
♥️15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables

�PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
♥️BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic.
- Spainards paid P200 000
♥️1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
♥️2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American Const.
♥️3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
♥️4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba
♥️5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
♦️JUS SANGUINI – blood
♦️JUS SOLI – place

�SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

♥️1. COMMUNIST – classless society
- State plans and controls economy
♥️2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted
♥️3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people

�PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
♥️(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)♥️

�ACTS
♥️1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia,
Vietnam, Malaysia
♥️2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
♥️3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
♥️4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION
- environment and sustainable development
♥️5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
♥️6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
♥️7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade
♥️8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade

�MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS

♥️1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent
♥️2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids
♥️3. JESUITS
♥️4. DOMINICANS – richest
♥️5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools

�MARTYR PRIESTS
♥️1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization
♥️2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there
♠️HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
♠️HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered fire & clothes
♠️HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can produce materials)

�UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

♥️ANATOMY – inner organs ♥️ENTOMOLOGY – insects
♥️BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals
♥️ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in environment
♥️EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
♥️GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi
♥️HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians
♥️HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues
♥️MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance)
♥️ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites
♥️PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants
♥️PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system
♥️TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms

�SCIENCE PROPONENTS
♥️CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy
♥️ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae)
♥️ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to observe microscopic organisms
(animal cule)
♥️ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus
♥️MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & ♥️THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
♥️RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr. existing cells

�EARTH’S SPHERES
♥️ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
♠️ Troposphere
♠️ Stratosphere
♠️ Mesosphere
♠️ Thermosphere
♠️ Exosphere
♥️HYDROSPHERE – water
♥️LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust
♥️BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
♥️CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE – ancestors

�PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE

♥️1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
♥️2. MERCURY – named after Roman God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
♥️3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
♥️4. EARTH
♥️5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
♥️6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
♥️7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
♥️8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet.

�FILIPINO�

��JULIAN FELIPE- Composer of the Philippine National Hymn.

��MANUEL GUERRERO- Filipino doctor who discovered Tiki-Tiki.

��PEDRO BUCANEG- The earliest Ilocano poet on record.

��DEL SUPERIOR GOBIERNO- First Newspaper in the Philippines.

��ANAHAW- The National Leaf of the Philippines.

��JOSE PALMA- Filipino poet who set words to the National Hymn.

��APARTHEID- complete segregation of white from black.

��AGUSTINIAN CHURCH- First church in the Philippines.

��TAGAILOG- Pen name of Antonio Luna.

��PINEAPPLE- The newest source of alcohol in the Philippines.

��KOHAUTEK- comet of the century

⭐SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN - sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa

masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at
pangungusap

⭐PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS

⭐ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito, Bagumbayan

⭐ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog

⭐EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo

⭐EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian

⭐GRACIANO LOPEz JAENA – Diego, Laura

⭐JOSEMA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa

⭐JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan

⭐JUAN LUNA – Buan

⭐MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat

⭐MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning, (Satanas), Kalipulako

��MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP:

1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap

��Quijano de manila- pen name of Nick Joaquin

��Mark twain- pen name of samuel clemens

��Pedro Bukaneg- father of ilokano literature

��Lola basyang- pen name of severino reyes

��Manila bulletin- oldest existing newspaper in the country.

��Jose corazon de jesus- father of tagalog poetry

��Alejandro Abadilla- father of modern tagalog poetry

��Noli me tangere- rizals literary crowning achievement

��Mahabharata- longest epic in the world

��Alibata- first filipino alphabet

��Kundiman- song about love

��Ambition- cause of Macbeth's tragic end

��Steven javellana- author " Without seeing the dawn

��Paz m. Benitez- author " dead stars

��Ares- god of war

��Stratosphere- layer of the ozone

��Food web- system of food chain

��Sahara desert- largest ecosystem

��Skin- largest organ

��Dinoflagellates- cause red tide

��Philippines- ring of fire

��Type O- universal donor

��Teoryang pooh- pooh- tunog mula sa silakbo ng damdamin

��Teoryang bow wow- tunog mula sa likha ng kalikasan

��Scanning- pahapyaw na pagbas

��Skimming- pinakamabilis na pagbasa

��Francisco lopez- sumulat ng unang balarilang ilokano

��Mariano perfecto- ama ng panitikang bisaya

��Santiago magean- ama ng moro-moro sa pangasinan

��Jorge fajardo- ama ng panitikang pampango

��Eriberto gumban- ama ng panitikang bisaya

��Pascual poblete- ama ng pahayagan, unang nagsalin ng noli sa tagalog

��Amado hernandez- makata ng mga manggagawa

��Graciano lopez jaena- fray botod

��Liwayway arceo- uhaw ang tigang na lupa

��Narciso reyes- lupang tinubuan

��Severino reyes- walang sugat

��Lope k. Santos- banaag at sikat

��Zoilo galang- a child of sorrow

��Aurelio tolentino- kahapon, ngaun at bukas

��UST- pinakamatandang university
♦️Monalisa- most famous work of art of leonardo da vinci
SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
1. COMMUNIST – classless society - State plans and controls economy
2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted
3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)
ACTS
1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia,
Vietnam, Malaysia
2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC) - fight global warming decreasing greenhouse
gases
4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION - environment and sustainable development
5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election - Bonifacio elected as Director Imperator
6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS - recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free foreign trade
8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign trade
MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS
1. AUGUSTINIANS – most intelligent
2. FRANCISCANIANS – sends medical aids
3. DOMINICANS – richest
4. JESUITS
5. RECOLETOS – most killed schools
MARTYR PRIESTS
1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of secularization
2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid there.

�Uri ng panitikan noong panahon ng kastila:

1.Senakulo- dula tungkol sa buhay, pagpapasakit at pagdurusa ni Hesukristo
2.Komedya-naglalaraw an ng pakikipaglaban ng mga binyagan sa mga di
nabinyagan.Palaging nagwawakas sa pagwawagi ng mga Kristiyano.
3.Pasyon-tulang bini bigkas nang paawit tungkol sa buhay ni Hesukristo.Ginagawa
tuwing Kuwaresma.
4.Dalit-awit patungkol sa Birheng Maria
5.K0rido-tulang pasa laysay na may sukat na walong pantig bawat taludtod , may
paksang makababalaghan at maalamat. Hal. Ibong Adarna
6.Awit-may 12 pantig sa bawat taludtod, mas nakaugat sa reyalidad ang paksain.
Hal. Florante at Laura
7.Dung-aw -- binibigkas nang paawit ng isang naulila sa piling bangkay ng
yumaong mahal sa buhay
8.Karagatan-larong patula na ginagawa sa lamayan, nagpapaligsahan sa
pagandahan ng palaisipan at pataasan ng talinhaga
9.Tibag- pagtatanghal tuwing Mayo, paghahanap ng tunay na krus na kinamatayan
ni Kristo
10.Duplo- paligsahan sa pangangatwiran sa patulang pamamaraan
11.Balagtasan- tagisan ng talino sa pamamagitan ng palitan ng katwiran sa
pamamaraang patula
12.Soneto-14 taludtod at ang nilalaman ay tungkol sa damdamin at kaisipan at
may malinaw na kabatiran sa likas na pagkatao
13.Elehiya-may kinalaman sa alaala ng isang namatay, guniguni sa kamatayan,
pananangis, at pananaghoy
14.Oda- masigla ang nilalaman ,pumupuri sa pambihirang nagawa ng tao o grupo
ng tao. walang katiyakan ang bilang ng pantig at saknong sa bawat taludtod
15.Balad- may himig sa dahilang ito ay inaawit

❣FILIPINO ❣
1. Sino ang unang pangulo sa Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Manuel A. Roxas
2. Anong batas sa pamumuno ni Pangulong Roxas na nagtadhana sa paglalaan ng
100 milyong dolyar para sa kagamitang military ng mga Amerikano na ilipat sa
Pilipinas at 150 milyon dolyar para sa pagpapatayo ng mga gusali, daungan at
paliparan sa Pilipinas?
Sagot: Batas sa Rehabilitasyon ng Pilipinas
3. Ano ang itinatag ni Pangulong Roxas para mabigyan ng puhunan para sa
rehabilitasyong pang-agrikultura?
Sagot: Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (RFC)
4. Ano ang tawag sa pagtatangkilik ng mga Pilipino sa mga produktong gawa sa
ibang bansa maging sa kultura ng ibang bansa?
Sagot: Colonial Mentality
5. Anong kasunduan ng Amerika at Pilipinas na nagsasabing ang sundalong
Pilipino ay maaring maglingkod sa base ng Amerika at ganun din ang mga
Amerikano sa Pilipinas?
Sagot: Military Bases Agreement
6. Sino ang lumagda sa Military Bases Agreement noong Marso 14, 1947?
Sagot: Manuel A. Roxas (Pilipino) at Ambassador Paul MacNutt (Amerikano)
7. Namatay si Manuel Roxas sa atake sa puso matapos ng kanayng talumpati
noong Abril 15, 1948. Saan siya nagbigay ng talumpati at namatay?
Sagot: Clark Air Base, Angles City Pampanga
8. Anong batas ang pinagtibay noong panahon ni Roxas na nagsasabing ang
Amerika ang kokontrol sa pagpapanatili ng halaga ng pananalapi ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Philippine Currency Act
9. Anong batas ang nagtadhana ng pagtanggap ng Pilipinas ng 629 milyong dolyar
mula sa Amerika upang maipagawa ang mga napinsala ng digmaan at maibalik
muli ang palingkurang bayan ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Tydings Rehabilitation Act of 1946
10. Sino ang pangalawang pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Elpidio R. Quirino
11. Anong bangko ang itinatag ni Pangulong Quirino noong Enero 3, 1949 upang
pagtibayin ang pananalapi ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Central Bank of the Philippines
12. Sino ang ikatlong pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Ramon Magsaysay
13. Sino ang pangulong tinaguriang “Kampiyon ng Masang Pilipino at Kampiyon ng
Demokrasya”?
SAGOT: Ramon Magsaysay
14. Anong patakaran ang pinagtibay sa pamumuno ni Pangulong Magsaysay kung
saan itinidhana ang paghahati-hati ng malalaking asyendang bibilhin ng
pamahalaan upang maipamahagi sa mga magsasaka.
Sagot: Land Tenure Reform
15. Sino ang nagtatag ng Social Security System Act (SSS) kung saan tumutulong
sa pagpapabuti ng kalagayan ng pangkaraniwang tao?
Sagot: Ramon Magsaysay
16. Ano ang pangalan ng eroplanong sinakyan ni pangulong Magsaysay na
bumagsak sa Mount Manunggol sa Cebu na siyang dahilan ng kanyang kamatayan
noong Marso 17, 1957?
Sagot: Mt. Pinatubo
17. Sino ang pangulo na may programang “Pilipino Muna”?
Sagot: Carlos P. Garcia
18. Sino ang ika-anim na pangulo ng Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Diosdado Macapagal
19. Ito ang isinagawang hakbang ni Pangulong Marcos upang maiwasan ang
nagbabantang panganib sa pamahalaan dahil sa mga paghihimagsik, rebelyon at
karahasang nangyayari sa bansa.
Sagot: Batas Militar
20. Sa Bagong Republika na itinatag ni Pangulong Marcos, sino ang inihalal ng
Batasang Pambansa bilang punong ministro ng bansa?
Sagot: Cesar A. Virata
21. Anong grupo ang naatasang magbgay ng proteksyon kay Ninoy Aquino Sr. mula
sa panganib?
Sagot: AVESCOM
22. Isang miyembro ng NPA na inakalang pumatay kay Ninoy Aquino Sr.?
Sagot: Rolando Galman
23. Ano ang tawag sa pagbibigay ng pabor sa mga kaibigan at mag-anak na siyang
talamak sa panahon ng panunungkulan ni Marcos?
Sagot: Nepotismo
24. Kailan ipinahayag ni Pangulong Marcos ang “Bagong Republika” sa Pilipinas?
Sagot: Hunyo 30, 1981
25. Ilang taon tumagal ang batas militar ni Marcos?
Sagot: 8 taon
26. Anong uri nga pamahalaan ang ipinatupad ni Marcos sa Bagong Republika na
kanyang itinatag?
Sagot: Pamahalaang Parlamentaryo
27. Noong Hunyo 16, 1981 nagkaroon ng pampanguluhan ng halalan para sa
normalisasyon ng bansa. Sino ang kalaban ni pangulong Marcos mula sa
partidong Nacionalista sa pagkapangulo?
Sagot: Alejo Santos
28. Anong proklamasyon noong Setyembre 21, 1972 kung saan ipinahayag ni
Pangulong Marcos ang pagsailalim ng Pilipinas sa Batas Militar?
Sagot: Proklamasyon 1081
29. Ano ang nagbigay pagkakataon ng mga magsasaka sa panahon ni Pangulong
Marcos na magkaroon ng sariling lupang sasakahin sa halip na habambuhay na
mangupahan?
Sagot: Atas ng Pangulo Blg. 2
30. Anong rebolusyon ang ipinatupad ni Pangulong Marcos upanng magkaroon ng
sapat na suplay ng bigas ang Pilipinas?
Sagot: Green Revolution
31. Ito ay samahan ng mga magsasakang nakikipaglaban dahil sa di kanais-nais
na Gawain ng may-ari ng lupang kanilang sinasaka?
Sagot: NPA (New People Army)
32. Isang pangkat na nakikipaglaban sa pamamagitan ng dahas spangkat
naniniwala silang pag-aaklas ang solusyon sa suliranin ng bansa.
Sagot: CPP (Communists Party of the Philippines)
33. Sino ang nagtatag o namuno ng CPP?
Sagot: Jose Maria Sison
34. Ito ay binubuo ng mga Muslin na nais magtatag ng hiwalay na pamahalaang
tinatawag na Republika ng Bangsamoro?
Sagot: MNLF (Moro Nation Lliberation Front)
35. Sino ang nagtatag ng MNLF noong Marso 18, 1968?
Sagot: Nur Misuari
36. Anong partidong pulitikal ang nagpahayag ng kandidato sa Plaza Miranda sa
Quiapo, Maynila kung saan binomba at dahilan ng maraming tao ang nasugatan at
namatay? Ito ay nangyari noong Agosto 21, 1971.
Sagot: Partido Liberal
37. Ano ang isinususpinde ni Pangulong Marcos kung saan ito ang nagbibigay
karapatan sa mga mamamayan na sumailalim sa tamang proseso ng paglilitis?
Ginawa niya ito sa Proklamasyon Blg. 889.
Sagot: Writ of Habeas Corpus
38. Si Ninoy Aquino ay itinuturing na pinakamahigpit na kalaban ni Marcos. Kailan
nangyari ang di makatarungang pagpatay kay Ninoy Aquino nang siya ay bumaba
ng Eroplano galling Estados Unidos?
Sagot: Agosto 21, 1983
39. Ano ang pangalang ginamit ni Benigno Aquino upang ipalala na minsan ang
Pilipinas ay sumailalim sa batas military?
Sagot: Marcial Bonifacio
40. Ilang taon nanungkulan si Marcos bilang pangulo ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: 21 taon
41. Kailan nangyari ang People Power sa EDSA?
Sagot: Pebrero 22-25, 1986
Mga Komisyon sa Panahon ng mga Amerikano
1. Komisyong Schurman
2. Komisyong Taft
Mga Batas sa Panahon ng mga Amerikano
1. Batas Gabaldon
2. Batas Jones
3. Batas Hare-Hawes-Cutting
4. Batas Tydings –McFuffie
5. Batas Payne-Aldrich
6. Batas Underwood-Simmons
7. Batas Pilipinas 1902
Pamahalaang Ipinatupad sa Panahon ng mga Amerikano
1. Pamahalaang Militar
2. Pamahalaang Sibil
TIMELINE SA PAGKAKAROON NG PAMAHALAANG KOMONWELT
1. Pamahalaang Militar (1898)
2. Komisyong Schurman (1899)
3. Komisyong Taft (1900)
4. Susog Spooner (Marso, 1901)
5. Pamahalaang Sibil (Hunyo, 1901)
6. Batas Pilipinas (1902)
7. Philippine Assembly (1907)
8. Batas Jones (1916)
9. Unang Misyong Pangkalayaan ni Quezon (1919)
10. Misyong OsRox (1931)
11. Batas Hare-Hawes-Cutting (1932)
12. Ikalawang Misyong Pangkapayapaan ni Quezon (1933)
13. Batas Tydings Mcduffie (1934)
14. Constitutional Convention/Pagbuo ng Saligang Batas (1935)
15. Pamahalaang Komonwelt
1. Is it justified to suspect Muslims and people of Mediterranean descent of
possible link to terrorist organizations?
A. No, because religion and ethnicity are not bases joining a terrorist
organization. This is called racial profiling and it leads to racial discrimination
2. Global citizenship makes people less nationalistic. Is this statement correct?
A. No, because to be a global citizen requires understanding of global issues that
affect national concerns
3. Human rights are more of a set of rules than a set of values. Is this statement
correct?
A. Yes, because as a set of rules, human rights become enforceable
4. Victim survivors of VAW should not be blamed for being in violent relationships.
The statement is correct?
A. Yes, because support and assistance be extended to help them get out of their
abusive situations
5. Human rights are primarily a state responsibility. States are committed in the
promotion and protection of human rights. Is the statement a fact?
A. Yes, because according to Article 30 of the UDHR, it is stated that, “groups and
individuals may not engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms “set forth therein”. It means that
human rights are both a responsibility of state and non-state actors
6. Political philosophies or French, English and American philosophers seeks to
answer questions related to divine rights of Kings, absolute monarchy, religious
freedom, free will, and
A. reforms and changes in the society
7. United Nations defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction,
exclusion, restriction or preference based on?
A. religion, race, sex
8. What agency sets out international human rights standards?
C. United Nations
9. Which of the following human rights documents can be used to protect a 17
year old girl working as prostitute?
A. Convention on the Rights of the Child
10. The following is an example of structural violence EXCEPT:
A. Suicide
11. Global education is about the following EXCEPT:
C. current events
12. The independent government agency created by the Philippine Constitution to
monitor state compliance with human rights standards is:
A. Commission on Human Rights
B.
13. The following is necessary for peace to be attained EXCEPT:
A. Capitalism
14. There are over 860 million illiterate people in the world of which 61% come
from:
A. Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan
15. The global rate of ice melt has more than doubled since when?
A. Ans.1988
16. Global income is more than $ 31 trillion a year, but 1.2 billion people of the
world’s population earn less than:
D. $ 1 a day
17. The following principles explain why global education is imperative EXCEPT:
A. The world we live in is unfair and unequal, and Global citizenship promotes the
challenging and changing this
18. The following are implications of gender stereotyping EXCEPT:
A. Empowered women in all her undertakings in life
19. Culture of peace means:
A. self determination and solidarity
20. All are specific rights of children except:
D. right to work
21. Its adoption on December 10, 1948, set the minimum and common standard of
achievement for all peoples
A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
22. Rights recognized by laws:
A. Legal
23. The following are skills needed by a global citizen EXCEPT:
D. entrepreneurship
24. Which among the following options correctly completes this statement:
“Respect, protect, fulfill and _________ human rights”?
C. promote
25. Which among the following options belongs to this classification of rights:
political rights, economic rights, cultural rights, social rights and ___________ rights
A. civil
PART III – ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS
1. Europeans started to conceptualize the concept of human rights thru the:
C. Magna Carta
2. Important documents and instruments of the 20th century
A. Magna Carta, English bill of rights, French Declaration on the Rights of Man &
Citizens, US Constitution
3. All are characteristics of human rights EXCEPT:
A. Individual
4. All are civil rights EXCEPT:
C. right to partial trial
5. According to source, human rights can be classified into:
D. natural and legal
6. Human rights can be guaranteed in the following EXCEPT:
A. propaganda
7. She launched a campaign of solidarity in support of children that had suffered
as a result of the war
D. Eglantyne Jebb
8. The following are main groups of children’s rights EXCEPT:
A. natural
9. Peace is defined as:
A. inner stillness
10. All are dimensions of peace EXCEPT:
A. sympathy
11. It identifies the biological differences between men and women
A. sex
12. It is the social relationship between men and women
A. gender
13. It is the ascribed traits, characteristics, attributes and roles relegated to men
and women
D. gender stereotypes
14. The following are priority concerns of developed countries EXCEPT:
A. peace and order
15. The following are priority concerns of underdeveloped countries EXCEPT:
C. aging
16. Terrorism is an issue of:
D. socio-economic-political underdevelopment
17. To promote sustainable development, it is necessary to:
A. practice an equitable & affordable use of natural resources
18. Sacrificing the ancestral lands of indigenous people in the name of progress
and modernization is:
A. wrong, because it violates their right to their ancestral land
:
19. The following are issues relevant to global education EXCEPT
D. kidnapping
20. The following are global problems EXCEPT:
A. globalization
21. The following are skills required of a global citizen EXCEPT:
A. debating skills
22. A global citizen is expected to do the following EXCEPT:
D. buy world products indiscriminately
23. The government is currently negotiating peace with the following groups
EXCEPT:
C. Abu Sayyaf
24. Internationally, any person below 18 is considered a:
A. minor
25. The following are rights enjoyed by children EXCEPT:
A. speedy, fair and public trial
Tawag sa bathala ng mga Bisaya.
Ans.Laon o abba****
Saan natagpuan ang burial Jar?
Ans.Palawan *********
Pinaniniwalaang unang nakipagkalakalan sa ating mga ninuno.
Ans.Arabe -***
Nagpalathala ng kautusang na kumikilala sa karapatan ng Espanya sa lahat ng
lupain ng Amerika.
Ans.Papa Alejandro Borja VI -*********
Ito ay ibinigay ni Magellan sa asawa ni Raha Humabon ng sila ay magpabinyag.
Ans.Sto. Nino -*********
“Katangi-tangi at tapat na lungsod.”
Ans.Manynila -********
Kauna-unahang mananakop na espanyol at gobernador heneral ng Pilipinas.
Magellan*****
Tawag sa namamahala ng lupain ng mga prayle.
Inquilino -*****
Kapisanang Pangkabuhayan ng mga Kaibigan ng Bayan
Sociedad Economia de Amigos del Pais-********
Lugar ng Kainan sa Bahay na Bato.
Comedor -*******
Itinatag para sa mga ulilang batang lalaki.
Colegio de San Juan de Letran -*********
Escuela Pia noong 1817
Ateneo de Manila -*********
May akda ng Urbana at Felisa
Modesto Castro-***********
Isang uri ng pagtatalo at diskusyunan sa pamamaraan ng patula at masining na
pagbigkas.
Duplo-*********
Nagkaluno kay Magat Salamat sa mga espanyol patungkol sa kanyang lihim na
pag aaklas.
Sumarabaw at Amarlanggagi -******
Namuno sa tinatawag ng rebelyon ng mga gaddang.
Felipe Katabay at Gabriel Taya-************
Kilala sa tawag na “Hermano Pule.”
Apolinario de la Cruz*****
Pinaka magiting na mandirigma ng Maguindanao.
Sultan Kudarat-********
Kilala bilang “Amal Mingka”
Datu Pian-************
Kasama ni Dr. Pio Valenzuela sa Dapitan nang nakipag-usap kay Rizal.
Bulag -***********
Lugar kung saan kinitil ang labintatlong Martyr.
Luneta -************
Lumikha ng HImno Marcha Nacional
Julian Felipe-************
Naglapat ng Liriko ng Himno Marcha Nacional
Jose Palma-**********
Pangulo ng Kongreso ng Malolos
Dr. Pedro Paterno -***********
Nagmungkahi sa mga Pilipino na magtatag ng simbahang Pambansa
Aglipay-********
Indang, Cavite
Walang tinag-***********
Pinakabatang Heneral?
Gregorio del Pilar- bayani ng tirad pas dec 2, 1899**********
Kauna-unahang nobelang tagalog?
Walang Sugat: Severino Reyes.

❣SOCIAL SCIENCE INTENSIVE❣

1. Ano ang pamahalaang binubuo ng mga Hapones sa bansa na tinatawag ng
Central Administrative Organization na binubuo ng 6 na kagawaran?
Sagot: Pamahalaang Sentralisado
2. Anong batas ang nabuo na nagtadhana ng 3 sangay ng kapangyarihan sa
pamahalaan sa panahon ng mga Hapon?
Sagot: Saligang Batas ng 1943
3. Pinangakuan ng mga Hapones ang Pilipinas na bibigyan ng kalayaan kung ito ay
makikiisa sa isang patakaran. Ano ang patakarang ito?
Sagot: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4. Nang sumunod ang Pilipinas sa patakaran ng Hapon ay agarang binuwag ang
partidong political ng Pilipinas at itinatag ang isang kapinsanan na siyang
nagmaniobra sa pangyayaring political ng bansa. Ano ang kapinsanan na ito?
Sagot: KALIBAPI (Kapinsanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas)
5. Isang komisyon na itinatag noong Hunyo 20, 1943 na inatasang maghanda ng
Saligang Batas para sa Republikang tatangkilikin ng mga Pilipino sa pamumuno
ng Hapon.
Sagot: Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence
6. Sino ang naging pangulo ng Preparatory Commission for Philippine
Independence?
Sagot: Jose P. Laurel
Pangalawang Pangulo: Ramon Avanceña at Benigno Aquino Sr.
7. Ano ang SALIGANG BATAS na pinairal sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga
Hapones sa bansa?
Sagot: Saligang Batas ng 1943
8. Sino ang unang pangulo sa Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Jose P. Laurel
Pangalawang Pangulo: Benigno Aquino Sr.
9. Dahil sa naging sunud-sunuran lamang si Pangulong Jose Laurel sa mga Hapon,
ano ang tawag ng kanyang pamahalaan?
Sagot: Republikang Puppet
10. Ano ang tawag sa mga pinunong Pilipino na sumusuporta sa mga gawaing
pampulitika ng mga Hapones?
Sagot: Kolaboreytor
11. Ano ang tinawag sa mga Pilipinong nagkanulo sa kanilang kapwa Pilipinong
tiyak na makukulong o mapapatay sa oras na sila ay maiturong lumalaban sa mga
Hapones?
Sagot: Makapili
12. Sino ang pangulong hinirang sa Komisyong Tagapagpaganap nang tulyuan ng
masakop ng mga Hapones ang Maynila?
Sagot: Jorge B. Vargas
13. Ano ang tinawag ng mga Pilipino sa salaping Papel ng mga Hapones ns
itinuring walang kwenta dahil ito ay nagpasindi lamang ng kahirapan ng mga
Pilipino?
Sagot: Mickey Mouse Money
14. Ano ang kulisang gerulya na itinuturing na pinakamatagumpay na
nakipaglaban sa mga Hapones. Sila ay mga magsasakang nagsasamang mag-alsa
upang protektahan ang kanilang mga sakahan.
Sagot: HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon)
15. Sino ang namuno sa HUKBALAHAP?
Sagot: Luis Taruc
16. Ano ang tawag sa mga miyembro ng USAFFE at sibilyang namundok upang
makibaka para sa kalayaan laban sa mga Hapon?
Sagot: Gerilya
17. Ang ahensiyang ipinatayo ni Jose P. Laurel upang maging maays ang
distribusyon at pagbebenta ng pagkaig butil gaya ng bigas?
Sagot: BIBA (Bigasang Bayan)
18. Ito ay binuo sa pangunguna ni Douglas MacArthur kung saan pinagsamang
lakas ng mga hukbong Pilippino at Amerikanong magiting na lumaban sa pwersa
ng Hapon?
Sagot: USAFFE
19. Ano ang idineklara ni Heneral Douglas MacArthur upang mailigtas ang Maynila
sa trahedya ng digmaan kung saan walang sundalo na magtatangol sa lungsod?
Sagot: Open City
20. Sino ang humalili kay General MacArthur nang siya ay tumungo sa Australia
upang pamunuan ang pwersang Amerikano sa Timog Kanlurang Pasipiko noong
panahon ng digmaan laban sa Hapon?
Sagot: Hen. Jonathan Wainright
21. Kailan sinalakay ang Pearl Harbor?
Sagot: Disyembre 3, 1941
22. Ano ang tawag sa ikalawang republika ng Pilipinas kung saan ang pangulo ay
napasailalim ng kapangyarihan ng mga Hapones?
Sagot: Puppet Republic
23. Ano ang tawag sa pulis military ng mga Hapones na nagpapahirap sa mga
gerilya?
Sagot: Kempei-tai
24. Natapos ang labanan ng mga Pilipino at Hapones ng bumagsak ang Corregidor
at Bataan. Kailan ito nangyari?
Sagot: Mayo 6, 1942
25. Anong kilusan ang binubuo ng mga sundalong Pilipino na namundok para
ipaglaban ang bansa laban sa mga Hapones?
Sagot: Kilusang Gerilya
26. Anong panahon ang tawag ng Pilipino sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga
Hapones dahil sa kawalan ng seguridad at katiyakan ng buhay ng mga
mamamayan?
Sagot: Panahon ng Kadiliman
27. Ano ang tawag ng mga Hapon sa mga Pilipinong babae na kanilang ginagamit
at inaabuso?
Sagot? Comfort Women
28. Anong Batas ang nagbigay daan sa pagtatag ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: RA Act No. 1870
29. Kailan sinalakay mga Hapon ang Pilipinas kung saan may layuning kontrolin
ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas?
Sagot: Disyembre 7, 1941
30. Isa sa pangyayari noong panahon ng Hapon ay ang pagpapamartsa ng mga
sundalong Pilipino at Amerikano mula Bataan hanggang Pampangga kung saan
pinalakad sila ng mga Hapon ng walang pagkain at maiinum na tubig at marami
ang namatay sa daan. Ano ang tawag sa pangyayaring ito?
Sagot: Death March
31. Ilang taon ang pananakop ng mga Hapones sa bansa?
Sagot: 3 taon
Cecilio Segismundo – mensaherong nahuling mga amierkano kaya natagpuan si
Aguinaldo
Heneral Funston ng Estados Unidos – naakahuli kay Aguinaldo
March 23, 1901 nahuli si Aguinaldo
April 19,1901 paglagda ni Aguinaldo o pagtanggap ng bayan ang pamahalaan ng
EU
MAY 27,1901 – Pagsuko ni Heneral Manuel Tinio ng Nueva Ecija
June 5, 1901 – pagusko ni Heneral Tomas Mascardo
June 24, 1901 – pagsuko ni heneral Cailes
Feb. 27, 1902 – pagsuko ni Vicente Lucban(smar)
April. 17, 1902 – Miguel malvar (Batangas)
William McKinley – Pangulo ng EU na nagpairal ng Pamahalaang Militar sa
Pilipinas
August 14, 1898 – Heneral Wesley Meritt nanungkulan bilang unang gobernador
military ng Pilipinas
March 2, 1901 – pagtatag ng Pamahalaang Sibil ng Amerika sa bias ng SUSOG
SPOONER
June. 4, 1901 – naging gobernador heneral si William Howard Taft
June 1, 1902 – inilipat sa kongreso ng Pilipinas ang pamamahala sa ating bansa. –
Batas cooper pamahalaang sibil
Batas Cooper – Talaan ng mga Karapatan
What is the power of the State to take property for public use with just
compensation
Eminent Domain
The right to a minimum wage is an example of a ____________ right.
Statutory
The Supreme Court is to the present as _________ is to the Spanish period.
Royal Audiencia
“All persons subject to legislation should be treated alike under like circumstance
and conditions both in the privileges conferred and liabilities imposed.” How is
this termed?
Equal protection of the laws
What is the voting age of the Filipino?
18 and above
Based on the classifications of government which applies to the present
Philippine government?
De jure government
Which of the following is unconstitutional?
A law prohibiting professional from seeking employment abroad.
Which body ratifies or rejects appointment made by the president?
Commission on Appointments
A votoed bill repassed in congress becomes a law with a
Two-thirds vote of all the members of both houses.
Which is the primary reason behind the constitutional policy on the prohibition of
political dynasties?
To give the electorate many alternative candidates to choose from
The Philippines benefits from international recognition of the archipelagic
doctrine by the way of:
Elimination of pockets of international waters between some of our islands.
It is the privilege of the President to address and appear before Congress at the
opening of its regular session. What do you call this address?
State of the Nation Address
Which is the exclusive check on hasty and ill-considered legislation?
Veto power
Under which type of right does the right to life fall?
Natural right
Which order of governments correctly applies during the American regime?
Military, Civil, Commonwealth
In connection with government transaction involving public interest, which policy
is adopted in the Constitution to assure the public of accountability and
transparency?
Full public disclosure
In which order did the previous Philippine Republics come?
The Philippine Republic under the Malolos Constitution
The Philippine Republic under the Japanese-sponsored Constitution
The Philippine Republic under the 1935 Constitution
I, III ,II
With the basic principle on the rule of the majority, which one follows?
The wishes of the majority prevail over those of the minority.
Which order of governments existed during the Japanese occupation?
Military Administration
The Philippine Executive Commission
The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines
I, II ,III
Under which type of right is the right to information on public matters classified?
Civil right
The only prominent mountain in the central plain of Luzon is
Mt. Arayat.
Which major region is called “The Land of Promise” because of its rich
agricultural lands?
Mindanao
Which, according to some Filipino authors, may partly explain the tendency of the
Filipino to be indolent?
The tropical climate
Which correctly describes the topography of the Philippines?
Rugged physical features
Because of its natural resources the Philippines is basically a (an) ________
country.
Agricultural
*Which province in the western coast of Luzon is virtually surrounded by sea
waters and has a center for big business and development processing zone?
Zambales
*When compared with the other countries in size, the Philippines is bigger than
South Korea
The place where the maximum intensity of an earthquake is felt is called a (an)
Epicenter
Which word or phrase does NOT apply to the Philippines?
Landlocked
The largest river system is found in
Luzon
You want to see underground caves and river. Where should you go in the
Philippines?
Palawan
Which region is said to offer limited economic opportunities because it is a
narrow strip of land surrounded by mountain rangers and sea so its inhabitants
are known to be adventurous, hardworking and frugal?
Ilocos Region
Which province is now linked to the island of Samar because of the construction
of San Juanico Bridge?
Leyte
Where in the Philippines are huge marble deposits found?
Romblon
Of the Philippine agricultural products which has been a leading export?
Copra
Which river drains Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Bulacan?
Agno Grande and its tributaries
The island province used to be a sub-province of Iloilo and is known for its sweet
mangoes. Which province is referred to?
Guimaras
Which group is described to be one that comes from a region with limited
economic opportunities and so migrates to some greener valleys like Mindanao
and Hawaii?
Ilocano
In what region are the cities of Dagupan, Laoag, San Carlos and San Fernando
found?
Region I
Which is landlocked, mountainous and hilly province in the north frequently
exposed to extensive landslide, which endanger human lives and agricultural
crops?
Benguet
The following are notable features of the 1986 Philippines Constitution EXCEPT
Maintenance of the parliamentary form of government.
Who was the Fiipino native who wanted to be a priest but was rejected because
he was a native and so formed a religious brotherhood?
Apolinario de la Cruz
How many constitutional governments did the government have since the Malolos
Republic?
4
To eliminate graft and corruption you would like to practice of subjecting outgoing
government officials to investigating during the Spanish period revived. Which
would you revive?
Visitador
In whose presidency was the famous MIRACLE RICE produced?
Ferdinand Marcos
The small scattered settlement of early Filipinos under the patriarchal rule of the
datu was called?
Barangay
Which is NOT feature of the 1986 Philippine Constitution?
Unicameral legislature
Which factor among others could have contributed to the easy Spanish conquest
of the Philippines?
Legaspi’s conciliatory policy in dealing with the Filipinos
As a Filipino people what lesson can one learn from the unsuccessful Filipino
revolts against Spain?
Our unity as a people will make us strong to fight aggression.
Which order of presidents correctly applies to Philippine history?
Carlos Garcia
Ramon Magsaysay
Diosdado Macapagal
Ferdiannd Marcos
II-I-III-IV
That part of the island of Borneo, now under Malaysia, over which the Philippines
has a claim as its territory for and on behalf of the heirs of the Sultan of Sulo, is
Sabah
Which could explain why despite the three hundred thirty-three-year Spanish rule
in the country, majority of the Filipinos could not speak Spanish?
The Spaniards did not propagate the Spanish language and the friars learned the
native languages and proselytized in the latter.
Philippine literature during the Spanish period served the interest of
Church
The municipal mayor is for today while the _____________ was for the Spanish
period.
Gobernadorcillo
explain the indolence of the Filipinos alleged by the Spaniards?
The Filipinos awareness that their labor and industry would only benefit the
Spaniards
Who was the prime mover of the campaign of the annexation of the Philippines to
the United States?
Pardo de Tavera
What is one proof of the luck of unity among the Filipinos during the Spanish
period?
In several instances Filipino natives volunteered to help the Spaniard suppress
the Filipino revolts against Spain.
Which function did the chief of the pre-Spanish “barangay” exercise?
Executive, legislative, judicial functions including military powers
Which was one aim of the Ligal Filipina?
To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body
Which was one feature of the economic policies of Spain in the Philippines during
the colonial period?
Monopolistic
Which one merely furthers a person’s individual pleasure and seeks the
gratification of self?
Hedonist
Did the Spanish missionaries play a vital role in the conquest of the Filipinos?
Yes, by their benevolence the Spanish missionaries held the conquered territories
for Spain.
Who were vinta-sailing Filipinos who succeeded in their resistance and revolts,
and were never really conquered by the Spaniards?
The Muslims of Southern Philippines
After 1898 the natives of the Philippines were called Filipinos. Before 1898 what
were they called?
Indios
Which order of presidents correctly applies to Philippine history?
Elpidio Quirino
Manuel Roxas
Ramon Magsaysay
Carlos Garcia
II-I-III-IV

❣Previous LET❣
The last BLAST GENED BOOSTERS!
1. Black sheep --- metaphor
2. Love sonnets -- Ophelia Dimalanta
3.Tatlong tuldok na sunod sunod -- Ellipses
4. Phantom of Delight -- Metaphor
5. Tinkle, tinkle, tinke -- Onomatopoeia
6. Naghihiwalay sa mga salita -- Kuwit
7.Pangatnig na nagbubukod -- Pamukod
8. Largest desert -- Sahara
9. First religious missionary in the Philippines -- Augustinians
10 Founder of La Solidaridad/Greatest Orator -- Graciano Lopez-Jaena
11. Ang paksa ay ibinibigay bago magsimula ang talumpati -- Impromptu
12. Term of Marcelo H. del Pilar to friars -- Frailocracia
13.Arena theater proponent -- Severino Montano
14. Released by plants at night -- Carbon dioxide
15. Sala theater proponent -- Naty Crame Rogers
16. Shape of a brick - Rectangle
17. Protein shell of a virus -- Capsid
18. Hair-like structure -- Cilia
19. Author of Annabel Lee -- Edgar Allan Poe
20. Novels in letters -- Epistolary
21. Birthplace of Rizal -- Calamba, Laguna
22. Real name of Mark Twain -- Samuel (Langhorne) Clemens
23. Writ of Amparo -- Right to life, liberty, and security
24. Writ of Habeas Corpus -- Demand presence of the accused
25. Penicillin discoverer -- Alexander Fleming
26. Author of Doctrina Christiana -- Fray Juan de Plasencia
27. Light travels fastest -- Air
28. Protons of Silicon -- 14
29. Funji -- Yeast
30. Law of Bicameralism -- Jones Law
31. Pagbabagong anyo ng bayan -- Reduccion
32. Permutation 9P9 -- 362,880
33. Absolute mean -- 14.35/14.5
34. Agreement between Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna) -- Blood Compact (Sandugo
35. Hierarchy of Needs proponent -- Maslow
36. Oldest religion in Asia – Hinduism
37. Enrolled bills becomes a law - 90 days
38. "Lapse" - 30 days
39. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
40. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
41. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
42. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
43. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.
44.ELEGY – death of individual
45. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
46. EULOGY – message for the dead
47. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
48. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
49. NARRATIVE – tells story
50. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
51. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
52. AIMS OF ERAS PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
53. SPANISH – Christianity/Religion
54. AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
55. COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
56 .JAPANESE – progress
*gen ed - haiku 575
*tanaga 7777
*tangka 57577
*Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening
* tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod = elipsis
*town criers~~~umalohokan
*Meaning of TOS ~~~table of Specifications
*Sage on stage ~~dispenser of knowledge
*Sa TLE lumabas ang Ohms Law sa electricity.
*sa plumbing naman-Which pipe is used through which rainwater passes from the
root down to the ground. Answer po is DOWNSPOUT
*End product ng citric acid?
*Negative effect of extended family~ FAVORITISM.
*Bicameralism~~ Jones Law
*Ang _____ay ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping IKA at
Tambilang~~~GITLING
*"She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
*Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would
have been
*"She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
*Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would
have been
*___________ is an example of a non pathogenic microorganism~~ Probiotics as
bifidobacterium
*First labor union in the Philippines~~~Union Obrera Demokratika
*The only remnant after world war II~~Philippine Independent Church

� John Dewey - learning by doing

� Confucius - education for all, golden rule
� Bandura - modeling
� Froebel - kindergarten
� John Locke - tabula rasa
� Sigmun Freud - psychosexual
� Erik Erikson - pyschosocial
� William Sheldon -physiological
� Carl Jung - psychological
� Jean Piaget - cognitive
� Lawrence Kohlberg - moral development
� Edward Thorndike - connectionism
� Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
� B.f. Skinner - operant conditioning
� Bandura & Wallace - social learning
� Kohler - insight learning or "Aha!"
� Bruner - instrumental conceptualism
� Lev Vygotsky - social cognitivist, scaffolding
�REMIX LESSON LET�

❣PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION❣

● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud
● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) *
gap b/w actual and potential development
● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"
● William James - wrote the "Principles of psychology"/ consciousness
● hypothalamus - brain's stress center
● Abraham Maslow - physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" ;
safety&security; love & belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization
● John B. Watson - (behaviorist approach) an American psychologist who
established the psychological school of behaviorism.

�CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT�
♥️SABERTOOTH CURRICULUM - responsive to the environment
♥️SPIRALLED CURRICULUM - increasing level of difficulty
♥️CURRICULUM - planning, design, development, implement, evaluation,
engineering
♥️CURRICULUM PLANNING - aligned to mission, vision, goals

☯️TYPES OF LESSON:

�• development lesson

�• review lesson

�• drill lesson

�• appreciation lesson

☯️ENCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES

�• pre-figurative

�• post figurative

�• co figurative

☯️ACCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES

�• adopted change

�• free borrowing

☯️SOCIETAL TRENDS - Alvin Teoffer

�• explosion

�• implosion

�• technoplosion

�• dysplosion
♥️PREFIGURATIVE - learn older generation
♥️POST FIGURATIVE - learn younger generation
♥️CO FIGURATIVE - learn same age
♥️ADOPTED CHANGE - acculturation that is imposed
♥️EXPLOSION - influx of people from rural to urban
♥️INPLOSION - influx of information
♥️TECHNOPLOSION - influx of ICT tools and gadgets
♥️DYSPLOSION - deterioration of human values
♥️KNOWLEDGE FOR PRACTICE – malaman | teacher preparation
♥️KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE – maranasan | artistry of practice
♥️KNOWLEDGE OF PRACTICE – maunawaan | systematic inquiries about teaching

☯️CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT - decision making

☯️TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
♥️• content knowledge
♥️• pedagogical knowledge
♥️• technological knowledge
♥️• context knowledge

☯️LEE S. SHULMANS - PCK model

♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELINESS – classic | transcends through generation
♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELESSNESS - can withstand the test of time

☯️TOTAL DEVELOPMENT
♥️• beginner survival
♥️• content survival
♥️• mastery survival

☯️TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
♥️• social
♥️• economic
♥️• cultural
♥️• political
♥️• technological
♥️• ethico moral

☯️J. ABNER PEDDWELL (1939) - sabertooth curriculum

☯️4 DOMAINS
♥️1. planning and preparation
♥️2. classroom environment
♥️3. instruction
♥️4. professional response

☯️TRIVIUM - rhetoric (speech) | grammar (English) | logic

☯️QUADRIVIUM – arithmetic | geometry | music |astronomy

♥️ARITHMETIC - number itself
♥️GEOMETRY - number in space
♥️MUSIC - number in time
♥️ASTRONOMY - number in time and space
♥️HERACLITUS - one cannot bathe in the same river twice

☯️CURRICULUM - sum total of all the experiences provided by the school to

students for optimum growth and development

�HARD SKILLS - what do you want the students to learn?

�SOFT SKILLS - why do you want them to learn it?

☯️THEORY OF APPERCEPTION - familiar to unfamiliar

☯️EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEM

♥️• instruction
♥️• research & extension library
♥️• communication school guidance
♥️• physical facilities canteen
♥️• curriculum
♥️SERVICE LEARNING - teaching method that combines meaningful service to the
community with curriculum based learning and education in action
♥️CLOZE TEST/ PROCEDURE - every 5th or 7th word is omitted
♥️ARBORESCENT - growth is vertical
♥️RHIZOMATIC - growth is horizontal
♥️PROGRESSIVE LEARNING - in order
♥️RETROGRESSIVE LEARNING - reverse order
♥️ROTE LEARNING - not progressive or retro

☯️5 MAJOR CLUSTERS OF STRATEGIES

♥️• direct instruction
♥️• indirect instruction
♥️• experiential learning
♥️• independent study
♥️• interactive instruction
♥️DIRECT INSTRUCTION - developing skills or providing information
♥️INDIRECT INSTRUCTION - involvement
♥️EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING - process not product
♥️INDEPENDENT STUDY - student initiative
♥️INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION - social skills
♥️PHILIPS 66 - students group by 6 | 6mins time

❄️MUSIC TYPOLOGIES
♥️• story music
♥️• program music
♥️• pure or absolute music

�STORY MUSIC - tells a story

�PROGRAM MUSIC - describes

�PURE OR ABSOLUTE MUSIC - doesn’t tell or describe

�GESSELSCHAFTLICH – market | perspective of schooling | (efficiency,

productivity, competition)

�GEMEINSHAFT – community | cultural relationship

☯️TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES OF CHANGE

�• acceleration- mabilis

�• novelty – new

�• diversity

☯️MAX SCHELLER - state of valuelessness | anomie

☯️EDUCATION TYPOLOGIES

�• formal

�• non formal- alternative learning system

�• informal - hidden curriculum

☯️STRATIFICATION - divided grouping

☯️PRIMARY GROUP – family |face to face | intimate and personal

☯️SECONDARY GROUP – impersonal | business like | casual

☯️IN GROUP – solidarity | camaraderie | sympathetic attitude

☯️OUT GROUP – indifference | avoidance | hatred

☯️PEER GROUP - same age | social and economic status including interest
☯️CLIQUE - different age | same interest

☯️INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS

�• knowledge

�• skills

�• values

☯️SOCIETAL BENEFITS
♥️• social
♥️• economic
♥️• cultural
♥️• technological
♥️• political
♥️• ethico moral

☯️SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM - belief will determine the

practice

☯️CHARACTERS OF CULTURE
♥️• diverse - environment
♥️• gratifying – needs based
♥️• learned - instruction
♥️• adaptive – borrowed, imposed and invented
♥️• social - contact
♥️• transmitted - language

☯️HOW IS CULTURE LEARNED

♥️• enculturation – learning own culture
♥️• acculturation – Knowing the culture of other people
♥️• inculturation – adapt the culture of other people

☯️CULTURAL COMPONENTS
♥️1. means of living
♥️2. ways of living

☯️TYPOLOGIES OF CULTURE
♥️1. material
♥️2. non material

☯️CULTURAL VIEWS
♥️1. ethnocentrism – my culture is better
♥️2. xenocentrism – your culture is better

☯️THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM

♥️• traditional – cultural heritage
♥️• experiential – experience for the growth of individual
♥️• structure of discipline – structure of discipline of knowledge
♥️• behavioral -
♥️• constructivist

⭐SCHOOL - a privileged place where cultural transmission occurs

⭐COLONIAL MENTALITY - preference for foreign

⭐CURRICULUM ENGINEERING - comprises all process and activities that are

necessary to keep the school curriculum dynamic and functional

☯️CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES

�1. ideal – represents what scholars say and advocate

�2. formal – standards sets by the education agencies

�3. instructional – represents the course syllabus / lecture notes used by the
teachers

�4. operational – represents the actual teaching learning process

�5. experiential – more powerful / what the students think about the lesson
delivered by the teachers

�6. hidden – students learned experiences outside the classroom

☯️TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE - Robert Sternberg

ASSURE MODEL

�• analyses learners

�• state objectives

�• select media and materials

�• utilize media and materials

�• require learner participation

☯️SMITH AND NAGEL PPPF

�• prepare yourself

�• prepare your student

�• present material

�• follow up

☯️CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION - process of ensuring that the curriculum that

has been planned or developed is one being actually implemented or taught by
the teacher

☯️CURRICULUM EVALUATION - process of determining the EFFECTIVENESS of a

curriculum and the EFFICIENCY with which it is implemented

☯️INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
♥️• used to create curricula
♥️• individual learning areas
♥️• instructional materials

☯️CURRICULUM DESIGN -determining the building blocks of curriculum

♥️• LEARNING CONTENT
♥️• LEARNING OBJECTIVES
♥️• LEARNING EXPERIENCES

☯️• LEARNING EVALUATION

☯️DESIGN BACKWARD and DELIVER FORWARD –

�• learning outcomes and course outcomes

�• program outcomes
• institutional outcomes

☯️PHILOSOPHY -common belief

☯️VISION - future

☯️MISSION - task

☯️STRATEGIES - core areas

☯️SUCCESS FACTORS - metric system

☯️STATEMENT OF PURPOSES
♥️• aim - national level
♥️• goal - school level
♥️• objectives - classroom level
♥️• target - individual

�RSEP - revised sec education program

�RBEC - restructured basic education curriculum

�BEHAVIORIST - correct answer | stimulus response

�COGNITIVIST - correct method

�CONSTRUCTIVIST - correct meaning thru sense making

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● John Locke � was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ;

to form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the
mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"

● Francis Bacon � was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator

and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"

● Jean Jacques Rousseau � was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and

composer of the 18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)
Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous
novel: "Emile" or On Education; Human Development

● Edgar Dale � was an American educator who developed the "Cone of

Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

● Erik Erikson � was a German-born American developmental psychologist and

psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human
beings.

● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi � was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer

who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity"
Notable ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head,
hand and heart"

● Friedrich Frobel � was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid

the "foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have
unique needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"

● Johann Herbart � was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of

pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;

● Edward Lee Thorndike � was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern

educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest
satisfaction of human want

��❣PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION❣

#Thankyoulangsapatna�
● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud
● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) *
gap b/w actual and potential development
● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"
● William James - wrote the "Principles of psychology"/ consciousness
● hypothalamus - brain's stress center
● Abraham Maslow - physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" ;
safety&security; love & belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization
● John B. Watson - (behaviorist approach) an American psychologist who
established the psychological school of behaviorism.

�CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT�
♥️SABERTOOTH CURRICULUM - responsive to the environment
♥️SPIRALLED CURRICULUM - increasing level of difficulty
♥️CURRICULUM - planning, design, development, implement, evaluation,
engineering
♥️CURRICULUM PLANNING - aligned to mission, vision, goals

☯️TYPES OF LESSON:

�• development lesson

�• review lesson

�• drill lesson

�• appreciation lesson

☯️ENCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES

�• pre-figurative

�• post figurative

�• co figurative

☯️ACCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES

�• adopted change

�• free borrowing

☯️SOCIETAL TRENDS - Alvin Teoffer

�• explosion

�• implosion

�• technoplosion
�• dysplosion
♥️PREFIGURATIVE - learn older generation
♥️POST FIGURATIVE - learn younger generation
♥️CO FIGURATIVE - learn same age
♥️ADOPTED CHANGE - acculturation that is imposed
♥️EXPLOSION - influx of people from rural to urban
♥️INPLOSION - influx of information
♥️TECHNOPLOSION - influx of ICT tools and gadgets
♥️DYSPLOSION - deterioration of human values
♥️KNOWLEDGE FOR PRACTICE – malaman | teacher preparation
♥️KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE – maranasan | artistry of practice
♥️KNOWLEDGE OF PRACTICE – maunawaan | systematic inquiries about teaching

☯️CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT - decision making

☯️TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
♥️• content knowledge
♥️• pedagogical knowledge
♥️• technological knowledge
♥️• context knowledge

☯️LEE S. SHULMANS - PCK model

♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELINESS – classic | transcends through generation
♥️ELEMENT OF TIMELESSNESS - can withstand the test of time

☯️TOTAL DEVELOPMENT
♥️• beginner survival
♥️• content survival
♥️• mastery survival

☯️TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
♥️• social
♥️• economic
♥️• cultural
♥️• political
♥️• technological
♥️• ethico moral

☯️J. ABNER PEDDWELL (1939) - sabertooth curriculum

☯️4 DOMAINS
♥️1. planning and preparation
♥️2. classroom environment
♥️3. instruction
♥️4. professional response

☯️TRIVIUM - rhetoric (speech) | grammar (English) | logic

☯️QUADRIVIUM – arithmetic | geometry | music |astronomy

♥️ARITHMETIC - number itself
♥️GEOMETRY - number in space
♥️MUSIC - number in time
♥️ASTRONOMY - number in time and space
♥️HERACLITUS - one cannot bathe in the same river twice

☯️CURRICULUM - sum total of all the experiences provided by the school to

students for optimum growth and development

�HARD SKILLS - what do you want the students to learn?

�SOFT SKILLS - why do you want them to learn it?

☯️THEORY OF APPERCEPTION - familiar to unfamiliar

☯️EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEM

♥️• instruction
♥️• research & extension library
♥️• communication school guidance
♥️• physical facilities canteen
♥️• curriculum
♥️SERVICE LEARNING - teaching method that combines meaningful service to the
community with curriculum based learning and education in action
♥️CLOZE TEST/ PROCEDURE - every 5th or 7th word is omitted
♥️ARBORESCENT - growth is vertical
♥️RHIZOMATIC - growth is horizontal
♥️PROGRESSIVE LEARNING - in order
♥️RETROGRESSIVE LEARNING - reverse order
♥️ROTE LEARNING - not progressive or retro

☯️5 MAJOR CLUSTERS OF STRATEGIES

♥️• direct instruction
♥️• indirect instruction
♥️• experiential learning
♥️• independent study
♥️• interactive instruction
♥️DIRECT INSTRUCTION - developing skills or providing information
♥️INDIRECT INSTRUCTION - involvement
♥️EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING - process not product
♥️INDEPENDENT STUDY - student initiative
♥️INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION - social skills
♥️PHILIPS 66 - students group by 6 | 6mins time

❄️MUSIC TYPOLOGIES
♥️• story music
♥️• program music
♥️• pure or absolute music

�STORY MUSIC - tells a story

�PROGRAM MUSIC - describes

�PURE OR ABSOLUTE MUSIC - doesn’t tell or describe

�GESSELSCHAFTLICH – market | perspective of schooling | (efficiency,

productivity, competition)

�GEMEINSHAFT – community | cultural relationship

☯️TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES OF CHANGE

�• acceleration- mabilis

�• novelty – new

�• diversity
☯️MAX SCHELLER - state of valuelessness | anomie

☯️EDUCATION TYPOLOGIES

�• formal

�• non formal- alternative learning system

�• informal - hidden curriculum

☯️STRATIFICATION - divided grouping

☯️PRIMARY GROUP – family |face to face | intimate and personal

☯️SECONDARY GROUP – impersonal | business like | casual

☯️IN GROUP – solidarity | camaraderie | sympathetic attitude

☯️OUT GROUP – indifference | avoidance | hatred

☯️PEER GROUP - same age | social and economic status including interest

☯️CLIQUE - different age | same interest

☯️INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS

�• knowledge

�• skills

�• values

☯️SOCIETAL BENEFITS
♥️• social
♥️• economic
♥️• cultural
♥️• technological
♥️• political
♥️• ethico moral

☯️SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM - belief will determine the

practice

☯️CHARACTERS OF CULTURE
♥️• diverse - environment
♥️• gratifying – needs based
♥️• learned - instruction
♥️• adaptive – borrowed, imposed and invented
♥️• social - contact
♥️• transmitted - language

☯️HOW IS CULTURE LEARNED

♥️• enculturation – learning own culture
♥️• acculturation – Knowing the culture of other people
♥️• inculturation – adapt the culture of other people

☯️CULTURAL COMPONENTS
♥️1. means of living
♥️2. ways of living

☯️TYPOLOGIES OF CULTURE
♥️1. material
♥️2. non material

☯️CULTURAL VIEWS
♥️1. ethnocentrism – my culture is better
♥️2. xenocentrism – your culture is better

☯️THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM

♥️• traditional – cultural heritage
♥️• experiential – experience for the growth of individual
♥️• structure of discipline – structure of discipline of knowledge
♥️• behavioral -
♥️• constructivist

⭐SCHOOL - a privileged place where cultural transmission occurs

⭐COLONIAL MENTALITY - preference for foreign

⭐CURRICULUM ENGINEERING - comprises all process and activities that are

necessary to keep the school curriculum dynamic and functional

☯️CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES

�1. ideal – represents what scholars say and advocate

�2. formal – standards sets by the education agencies

�3. instructional – represents the course syllabus / lecture notes used by the
teachers
�4. operational – represents the actual teaching learning process

�5. experiential – more powerful / what the students think about the lesson
delivered by the teachers

�6. hidden – students learned experiences outside the classroom

☯️TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE - Robert Sternberg

ASSURE MODEL

�• analyses learners

�• state objectives

�• select media and materials

�• utilize media and materials

�• require learner participation

☯️SMITH AND NAGEL PPPF

�• prepare yourself

�• prepare your student

�• present material

�• follow up

☯️CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION - process of ensuring that the curriculum that

has been planned or developed is one being actually implemented or taught by
the teacher

☯️CURRICULUM EVALUATION - process of determining the EFFECTIVENESS of a

curriculum and the EFFICIENCY with which it is implemented

☯️INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
♥️• used to create curricula
♥️• individual learning areas
♥️• instructional materials

☯️CURRICULUM DESIGN -determining the building blocks of curriculum

♥️• LEARNING CONTENT
♥️• LEARNING OBJECTIVES
♥️• LEARNING EXPERIENCES

☯️• LEARNING EVALUATION

☯️DESIGN BACKWARD and DELIVER FORWARD –

�• learning outcomes and course outcomes

�• program outcomes
• institutional outcomes

☯️PHILOSOPHY -common belief

☯️VISION - future

☯️MISSION - task

☯️STRATEGIES - core areas

☯️SUCCESS FACTORS - metric system

☯️STATEMENT OF PURPOSES
♥️• aim - national level
♥️• goal - school level
♥️• objectives - classroom level
♥️• target - individual

�RSEP - revised sec education program

�RBEC - restructured basic education curriculum

�BEHAVIORIST - correct answer | stimulus response

�COGNITIVIST - correct method

�CONSTRUCTIVIST - correct meaning thru sense making

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● John Locke � was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ;

to form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the
mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"

● Francis Bacon � was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator

and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"

● Jean Jacques Rousseau � was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and

composer of the 18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)
Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous
novel: "Emile" or On Education; Human Development

● Edgar Dale � was an American educator who developed the "Cone of

Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

● Erik Erikson � was a German-born American developmental psychologist and

psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human
beings.

● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi � was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer

who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity"
Notable ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head,
hand and heart"

● Friedrich Frobel � was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid

the "foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have
unique needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"

● Johann Herbart � was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of

pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;

● Edward Lee Thorndike � was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern

educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest
satisfaction of human want

1. According to Erikson, identity and role confusion occurs during

A. Elementary Years
B. High school years
C. College years
D. Pre school years
Correct Answer: B
2. According to Jerome Bruner, learning is a simultaneous process of acquisition,
transformation and_______________.
A. Evaluation
B. Question
C. Metacognition
D. Education
Correct Answer: A
3. Who among the following developed the Social Learning Theory?
A. Bandura
B. Kohlberg
C. Bruner
D. Skinner
Correct Answer: A
4. When a teacher present a morally ambiguous situation to his students and ask
them what to do, the teacher’s technique is based on the theory of
A. Bandura
B. Piaget
C. Kohlberg
D. Bruner
Correct Answer: C
5. According to Maslow, the highest of the need in the Hierarchy of Needs theory
is
A. Psychological need
B. Self actualization
C. belongingness
D. Safety
Correct Answer: B
6. Based on Freud’s theory, which operates when a person is in the height of
anger?
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. Id and ego
D. Id
Correct Answer: D
7. Operant conditioning can be applied to classroom by
A. Connecting facts and concepts
B. Fostering conducive learning environment
C. Using reinforcement
D. Using manipulative devices
Correct Answer: C
8. “Women should not study since they will be marrying soon”. If a father tells his
daughter this, can we consider his premise morally right?
A. Depends on the family social status
B. Yes, women are mean for the home
C. No, women can perform just like men
D. No, there is gender equality in education
Correct Answer: D
9. In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, teacher Maritel should
provide_______________.
A. Activities of hypothesis formulation
B. Learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
C. Activities for evaluation purposes
D. Stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
Correct Answer: B
10. A student is finding it hard to read. When the guidance counselor traced the
child’s history, the counselor was able to find out that the student came from a
dysfunctional family, aside from that, the child was abused and neglected. What
could have caused the student’s reading disability?
A. Emotional Factors
B. Poor teaching
C. Neurological factors
D. Immaturity
Correct Answer: A
11. A child was punished for cheating in an exam. For sure the child wont cheat
again in short span of time, but this does not guarantee that the child won’t cheat
ever again Based on Thorndike’s theory on punishment and learning, this shows
that ______________.
A. Punishment strengthens a response
B. Punishment removes response
C. Punishment doesn’t remove a response
D. Punishment weakens a response
Correct Answer: D
12. Laughing at a two-year-old child who uttered a bad word is not a proper thing
to do because in this stage of the child’s, the child is_______________.
A. Considering the views of others
B. Distinguishing sex references
C. Socializing
D. Distinguishing right from wrong
Correct Answer: D
13. According to Sigmund Freud, the main proponent of Psychoanalytic Theory,
the superego is mainly concerned with
A. The resolution of conflict within the self
B. The finding of greater satisfaction
C. The idea of right and wrong
D. The development of healthy psyche
Correct Answer: C
14. Modeling is a teaching rooted on______________________ learning theory.
A. Bandura
C. Thorndike
B. Skinner
D. Bruner
Correct Answer: A
15. Teacher Marissa would like to employ Operant Conditioning on her students to
increase the probabilities of greater participation during discussion. It is highly
possible that teacher Marissa will
A. Put more emphasis on sharing and consistently guide them to new ideas
B. Allow them to think about thinking
C. Give a star token to those who will participate
D. Let them exercise metacognitive approaches to better understand the topic
Correct Answer: C
16. One of the traits of many students is putting more emphasis on “porma” over
substance. This is likely to be shown when
A. A written report was submitted by a student with shabby cover but
comprehensive content
B. A written report was submitted by a student using “perfumed” stationary but
poor content
C. A written report was submitted by a student two days ahead of time
D. A written report was submitted by a student two days late
Correct Answer: B
17. Providing variety of learning activities to students is a characteristic of a
teacher who understand the principle of
A. Reward as a potential means of increasing the participation
B. Proactive teaching as a modern technique of teaching
C. Facilitating learning with emphasis on individual differences
D. Allowing the student to be exposed to various teaching techniques
Correct Answer: C
18. The best example of Operant Conditioning among the following is
A. Connecting facts and concepts
B. Fostering conducive learning environment
C. Using reinforcement
D. Using manipulative devices
Correct Answer: C
19.A child receives a STAR STAMP after correctly completing his task. The child
always tries to complete all tasks correctly for him to have a stamp once again.
What is being shown in the situation?
A. Associative learning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Operant Conditioning
D. Pavlovian conditioning
Correct Answer: C
20. A child submitted a poor written report but packaged with brightly colored
paper cover. This showcases__________________.
A. Art over academics
B. Substance over “porma”
C. art over science
D. “porma” over substance
Correct Answer: D
21. He is considered as the first special education student.
A. Victor of Aveyron
B. Tarzan of the Jungle
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Alfred Binet
Correct Answer: A
22. The Father of modern psychology
A. Carl Jung
B. Aristotle
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Alfred Binet
Correct Answer: C
23. He is postulated that man psyche is composed of animus and the anima
A. Karen Horney
B. Carl Jung
C. Willism James
D. Cattell
Correct Answer: B
24. He pioneered in NON-Directive Counseling?
A. Thomas Gordon
B. Erik Erikson
C. Carl Rogers
D. Rousseau
Correct Answer: C
25. This educator proposed 3 modes of representation, enactive, iconic and
symbolic
A. Bandura
B. Kohler
C. Kounin
D. Bruner
Correct Answer: D

Prof ed-assessment of Learning

1.Criterion reference test

-the students mastery of objectives
2.Define the instructional objective
-first step in planning an achievement test
3. Standard deviation
-Validity
4.Central tendency
-mean,median and mode
5.Positively skewed score distribution
-most of the scores are low
6.Normal distribution
- mean,median and mode are equal
7.Negatively skewedu
�means that students perform well in the said examination or the scores of the
students concentrated on the right part of the curve.
�good performance of the students
8.Normal distribution curve, a T-score or 70
❤two SDsabove the mean
❤ T score=10z+50
❤z=2
9. Mean is to measure of central tendency as quartile deviation
10. Skewed to the right
-most of the students got scores below the mean,which means that the
examinees performed very poor.
11. Median
-equivalent to the 50th percentile
12. Skewed score distribution
-scores are concentrated more at one
end or the other end.
13.Skewed to the left
-if the class is composed of bright students .High scores concentrated at the right
part of the distribution.
14. -2SD and +2SD in the normal curve
- 95.44
From mean to 1SD is 34.13%
From mean to -1SD is also 34.13%
From 1SD to 2SD is 13.59%
From -ISD to -2SD is 13.59%
The are under the normal curve is
34.13%+34.13%+13.59%+ 13.59%=95.44%
15. Generousity error
�if a teacher gives additional grade to the students who performed well in the
class or in the examination,then he commits generousity error.
16. Mode
�defines as the number that occured most in the distribution most.The
distribution is also classified as unimodal.
17. Formative test
�is done after or during discussion.Feedback from the said exam can be used to
determined whether the students have mastery of the subject matter.
18. Positive discrimination index
�more from the upper group got the item correctly.
19.Norm-referenced statements
�you are comparing the performance of a certain students with the performance
of other students.
20.Negatively skewed score distribution
�the student consist of academically good
students
�most of the scores of the students
concentrated at the right part of curve
21.Content validity
�validation that refers to the relationships between a test and the instructional
objectives.
�establishes the test measures what it is
supposed to measure.
22. Measures of Variability
�variance
�standard deviation
�range
�interquartile range
�mean deviation
23.Range
�If teacher gets the difference between
the highest score and the lowest score.
�Formula=highest score-Lowest score
24.Positively skewed
�left side of the curve
25.Normal curve distribution -1SD to +1SD
�68.26%
�because -1SD to mean is 34.13%
and from mean to 1SD is also 34.13%
Thus the sum is 68.26%
26.Median
�The scores of the students is a tutorial
class are as follows 82,82,85,86,87,94,98
�the score 86 is the median
�it is the middle most score in the
distribution.
27. 0-.20
�difficulty index range
28. -0.46 discrimination index
�more students from the lower group
answered item correctly
29. Multimodal
�is a score distribution that consist of
more than modes.
30. Median is the most appropriate measure of central tendency to used when the
distribution is skewed
31.Negatively skewed distribution
�most of the scores of the test-takers
above the mean
32.Positively skewed distribution
�the mean is greater than the median
33.TOS
�Table of Specification
34. Range(types of variation)
�is easily affected by the extreme scores,if there is a change in either the
highest score or lower score the value of the range easily change.
35. Mean(types pf central tendency)
�easily affected by the extreme scores.
�if there is a changes in highest score
� the mean vallue pulled up
�while if the lowest score become
smaller,the valueis pulled down.
36. Sentence completion test
❤word association test and thematic
appreciation test are all projective test.
37.Anecdotal report
❤are notes written by the teacher regarding incdents at the classroom that might
be needs special attention in the future.
38.Sinforoso Padilla
❤father of counselling in the Philippines
39.Authentic assessment
❤assessment applying real life situation
40. Standardized test
❤to engage in easy scoring
41.Scoring rubric
❤very important and indespensable
42.Assessment for learning
❤emphasis on grades and honors
43.Difficulty index of 1
❤the test is very easy
44.Split half method and Kuder Richardson
❤measure internal consistency of the
test scores of the students.
45. Test-retest measures method
❤stability of the test scores
46.Parallel method
❤measures equuvalence
47.Grading on the curve/norm referenced
grading
❤the performance of a certain student
compared to the performance of other
students in the group

SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT

1. THRUST – proceeding without assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while currently
doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM y– choice HUMANISM – build
IDEALISM – enough in mind PERRENIALISM – constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E) PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see UTILITARIANISM - best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM – benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE – Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL - Father of Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation without will
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescense
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA – daughter to dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 – “persons in authority”
KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7 - PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO (National Language)
BRUNER’S THREE MODES OF REPRESENTATION
1. ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based information
2. ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
3. SYMBOLIC (7+) – code/symbols such as language
TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES
COGNITIVE:
BLOOM (LOTS) ANDERSON (HOTS)
o Knowledge
o Comprehension
o Application
o Analysis
o Synthesis
o Evaluation o Remembering
o Understanding
o Applying
o Analyzing
o Evaluating
o Creating
AFFECTIVE:
o Receiving
o Responding
o Valuing
o Organizing
o Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
o Perception
o Set
o Guided Response
o Mechanism
o Complex Overt Response
o Adaptation
o Origination o Reflex movement
o Fundamental Movement
o Physical Movement
o Perceptual Abilities
o Skilled Movements
o Non-discursive communication
DALES CONE OF EXPERIENCE
Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL TASKS
1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (0-12 months)
2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (1-3 years old)
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-6 years old)
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12 years old)
5. INDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION (12-18 years old)
6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (early 20s-early 40s
7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40s-mid 60s)
8. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (mid 60s-death)
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
1. SENSORY – senses
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL - imagination
3. CONCRETE 4. FORMAL
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present)
5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future)
MISTAKEN GOALS
1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me”
2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt”
3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?”
4. INADEQUACY – “teacher, don’t give up on me”
5. WITHDRAWAL – “teacher, please help me”
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL 1: PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order
LEVEL 3: POST-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles
CENTRAL TENDENCY -Central (middle location) Tendency
MEAN – Average MODE – most occurring
RANGE – highest score minus lowest score
LOW SD–Homogenous, scores near to mean(almost same)
HIGH SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)
DECILE – 10 grps (D1…D10) QUARTILE – 4 grps (Q1…Q4)
SUSPENSION – time REVOKATION – condition
DIFFICULTY INDEX
0-0.20 VERY DIFFICULT
0.21-0.40 DIFFICULT
0.41-0.60 MODERATELY DIFFICULT
0.61-0.80 EASY
0.81-1.00 VERY EASY
POSITIVELY SKEWED (LEFT FOOT)
- low scores, mean greater than mode
NEGATIVELY SKEWED (RIGHT FOOT)
- high scores, mean is lower than mode
HORN/HALO EFFECT
- overcoming other trait, either bad/good
GENERAL EDUCATION
FILIPINO/ENGLISH:
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA
1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop
2. DING-DONG – bagay
3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin
4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal
FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES
BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture Writings
DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr.
JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE - Masterpiece is
“Don Quixote” that is most influential
NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – Mark Twain
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel)
SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa
pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap
PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS
ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
JUAN LUNA – Buan
MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
Kalipulako
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
WALANG PAKSA:
1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon

Stimulus bounded- distracted by outside stimuli easily.

Horizontal mobility- a teacher in brgy. School transferred in town.
Vertical mobility- teacher being promoted as supervisor
Nuclear family- father, mother and their children
Extended family- parents and other relatives
Solitary play- children play toys by themselves
Onlooker play- children watch others play but not involved
Parallel play- children watch alongside not with each other.
Associative play- parehas ang kanilang nilalaro
Baduy- awkward looking
Transmuted- changed
Carnal- bold
Aplomb- composure
Loquacious- verbose
Profanity- obscenities
Rizal was born- calamba, laguna
Penchant- fondness
Eureka- discovery
Metaphor- "the lord is my sheperd"
Hyperbole- " he is the blacksheep in the family"
Geoffrey Chaucer- morning star of English lit.
Shakespear- "Bard of avon"
Nature- heredity, IQ, character traits
Nurture- environment
Phelogenetic- development follows orderly sequence
Ontogenetic- rate of dev. Is unique
Cepalocaudal- dev. From head to foot
Proximodistal- central access
Iconic- by seeing ex. Pictures
Symbolic- by symbols ex. Words and numbers
Inactive- learning by doing physical action
Socrates- " know thyself"
Plato- " wrote the republic"
Aristotle- "father of modern sciences"
Albert bandura- social learning theory/ modelling
Kohlberg- moral dev. Theory
Pavlov- classical conditioning
Skinner- operant conditioning
John amos comenius- " orbis pictus"
NCBTS -national Competency-based teacher standards
tanaga 7777
tanka 57577
Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening
tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod = elipsis
town criers~~~umalohokan
Meaning of TOS ~~~table of Specifications
Sage on stage ~~dispenser of knowledge
Negative effect of extended family~ FAVORITISM.
Bicameralism~~ Jones Law
Ang _____ay ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping IKA at Tambilang~~~GITLING
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been
___________ is an example of a non pathogenic microorganism~~ Probiotics as bifidobacterium
First labor union in the Philippines~~~Union Obrera Demokratika
The only remnant after world war II~~Philippine Independent Church
Sa mga Soc Sci major mag focus po kayo sa Economics
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT
1. THRUST – proceeding without assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while currently
doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM – choice HUMANISM – build
IDEALISM – enough in mind PERRENIALISM – constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E) PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see UTILITARIANISM - best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM – benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE – Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL - Father of Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation without will
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescense
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA – daughter to dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 – “persons in authority”
KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7 - PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO (National Language)
BRUNER’S THREE MODES OF REPRESENTATION
1. ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based information
2. ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
3. SYMBOLIC (7+) – code/symbols such as language
TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES
COGNITIVE:
BLOOM (LOTS) ANDERSON (HOTS)
o Knowledge
o Comprehension
o Application
o Analysis
o Synthesis
o Evaluation o Remembering
o Understanding
o Applying
o Analyzing
o Evaluating
o Creating
AFFECTIVE:
o Receiving
o Responding
o Valuing
o Organizing
o Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
o Perception
o Set
o Guided Response
o Mechanism
o Complex Overt Response
o Adaptation
o Origination o Reflex movement
o Fundamental Movement
o Physical Movement
o Perceptual Abilities
o Skilled Movements
o Non-discursive communication
DALES CONE OF EXPERIENCE
Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL TASKS
1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (0-12 months)
2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (1-3 years old)
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-6 years old)
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12 years old)
5. INDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION (12-18 years old)
6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (early 20s-early 40s
7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40s-mid 60s)
8. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (mid 60s-death)
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
1. SENSORY – senses
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL - imagination
3. CONCRETE 4. FORMAL
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present)
5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future)
MISTAKEN GOALS
1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me”
2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt”
3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?”
4. INAD.

✔NATURALISM -- only nature exist, nature is better than civilization (NATURALESA ng isang
BAGAY)

✔IDEALISM -- spiritual, values, moral, socratic method

✔REALISM -- natural world, values arenatural and absolute, reality exist undercieved

✔PRAGMATISM/¬¬¬¬¬EXPERIMENTALISM -- practical, problem solving research, knowledge is

what works, values are related, truth is warranted assertion.

✔ESSENTIALISM -- 3r's (4r's ngayon), achievement test, certain knowledge&skills are

essential for rational being.

✔PROGRESSIVISM -- process of development, higher level of knowledge, the child's need and
interest are relevant to curriculum.

✔EXISTENTIALISM -- knowledge is subjective, man shapes his being as he lives, we are what
we do, deciding precedes knowing.

✔PERENNIALISM -- education that last for century, universalist, knowledge is eternally valid.

✔SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM -- for better society, community based learning

✔RECONSTRUCTUONALISM -- the school should help rebuild the social order thus social
change.

✔BEHAVIORISM -- learning is change in behavior, S-R relationship

✔EMPIRICISM -- knowledge comes thru senses, 5 senses (observatory learning)

✔STRUCTURALISM -- complex mental exp. such as image,feeling and sensation

✔FUNCTIONALISM -- focus to motivation, thinking & learning.

✔PURPOSIVISM -- individual hormones are responsible for the motive to strive towards
fulfillment of his/her objective.

✔PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- reality is what verifiable, truth correspondes to reality, usage

determines meaning
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT
1. THRUST – proceeding without assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while currently
doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM – choice HUMANISM – build
IDEALISM – enough in mind PERRENIALISM – constant
PRAGMATISM – practice (T&E) PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see UTILITARIANISM – best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM – benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE – Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL – Father of Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation without will
FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescence
@adminReygo
PILLARS OF LEARNING
Learning to know" HEAD" ---- Knowledge
Learning to Be "HEART" Awareness and understanding
Learning to Do "HAND"-- Skill and actions
Learning to Live "VALUES" Attitudes
Learning to To Transform is which involves all Pillars,
Learning to know - To recognize the evolving nature of the concept of sustainability - To
reflect the ever-growing needs of societies - To acknowledge that fulfilling local needs often
has international effects and consequences - To address content, context, global issues and
local priorities Learning to be - To build on the principles and values that underline
sustainable development -To deal with the well-being of all three realms of sustainability
environment, society, and economy - To contribute to a person complete development: mind
and body, intelligence, sensitivity, aesthetic appreciation and spirituality Learning to live
together - To build capacity for community -based decision making, social tolerance,
environmental stewardship, adaptable workforce and quality of life Learning to do - To
contribute to a concrete reality for all our daily decisions and actions - To build a sustainable
and safe world for everyone
Fathers of different Fields

★Father of Biology: Aristotle

★Father of Physics: Albert Einstein

★Father of Chemistry: Jabir Bin Hayan

★Father of Statistics: Ronald Fisher

★Father of Zoology: Aristotle

★Father of History: Herodotus

★Father of Microbiology: Louis Pasteur

★Father of Botany: Theophrastus

★Father of Algebra: Diophantus

★Father of Blood groups: Landsteiner

★Father of Electricity: Benjamin Franklin

★Father of Trigonometry: Hipparchus

★Father of Geometry: Euclid

★Father of Modern Chemistry: Antoine Lavoisier

★Father of Robotics: Nikola Tesla

★Father of Electronics: Ray Tomlinson

★Father of Internet: Vinton Cerf

★Father of Economics: Adam Smith

★Father of Video game: Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr.

★Father of Architecture: Imhotep

★Father of Genetics: Gregor Johann Mendel

★Father of Nanotechnology: Richard Smalley

★Father of Robotics:;Al-Jazari

★Father of C language: Dennis Ritchie

★Father of World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee

★Father of Search engine: Alan Emtage

★Father of Periodic table: Dmitri Mendeleev

★Father of Taxonomy: Carolus Linnaeus

★Father of Surgery (early): Sushruta

★Father of Mathematics: Archimedes

★Father of Medicine: Hippocrates

★Father of Homeopathy: Samuel Hahnemann

★Father of Law: Cicero