Franz Ivan M.

Cantara June 19, 2012

IT21KA3

ASSIGNMENT #1

1. What is Data Structure?

- is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be use
defficiently.
Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are
highly specialized to specific tasks. For example, B-trees are particularly well-suited for
implementation of databases, while compiler implementations usually use hash tables to look up
identifiers.
Data structures are used in almost every program or software system. Data structures provide a
means to manage huge amounts of data efficiently, such as large databases and internet indexing
services. Usually, efficient data structures are a key to designing efficient algorithms. Some
formal design methods and programming languages emphasize data structures, rather than
algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design

2. What is Programming Style, Problem Solving Methodology and Top-down approach?

- Programming style is a set of rules or guidelines used when writing the source code for
a computer program. It is often claimed that following a particular programming style
will help programmers to read and understand source code conforming to the style, and
help to avoid introducing errors.
The programming style used in a particular program may be derived from the coding
conventions of a company or other computing organization, as well as the preferences of
the author of the code. Programming styles are often designed for a specific programming
language. Style considered good in C source code may not be appropriate
for BASIC source code, and so on. However, some rules are commonly applied to many
languages.
 - Top-down approach is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its
compositional sub-systems. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is
formulated, specifying but not detailing any first-level subsystems. Each subsystem is
then refined in yet greater detail, sometimes in many additional subsystem levels, until
the entire specification is reduced to base elements. A top-down model is often specified
with the assistance of "black boxes", these make it easier to manipulate. However, black
boxes may fail to elucidate elementary mechanisms or be detailed enough to realistically
validate the model.

3. What is Data Abstraction?

- Enforces a clear separation between the abstract properties of a data type and
the concrete details of its implementation. The abstract properties are those that are
visible to client code that makes use of the data type—the interface to the data type—
while the concrete implementation is kept entirely private, and indeed can change, for
example to incorporate efficiency improvements over time. The idea is that such changes
are not supposed to have any impact on client code, since they involve no difference in
the abstract behaviour.

4. What is a Class?

- Is a construct that is used to create instances of itself – referred to as class instances, class
objects, instance objects or simply objects. A class defines constituent members which
enable its instances to have state and behavior. Data field members enable a class instane
to maintain state. Other kinds of members, especially methods, enable the behavior of a
class instances. Classes define the type of their instances.