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For other uses, see Cartoon (disambiguation).

Example of a modern cartoon. The text was excerpted by cartoonist Greg Williams from the
Wikipedia article Dr. Seuss.

The word 
 has various meanings, based on several very different forms of visual art and
illustration. The artists who draw cartoons are known as cartoonists.

The term has evolved over time. The original meaning was in fine art, where cartoon meant a
preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting or tapestry. The modern meaning refers
to both humorous illustrations in print and animated films. Even more recently, there are several
contemporary meanings, including creative visual work for electronic media and animated digital
media. When the word cartoon is applied to print media, it most often refers to a humorous
single-panel drawing or gag cartoon, most of which have typeset captions rather than speech
balloons. The word cartoon is sometimes used to refer to a comic strip,[1] and it can also refer to
a humorous illustration for fiction or nonfiction published in newspapers and magazines.

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 OY 1 Fine art
OY  Print media
OY G Books
OY u Animation
OY £ See also
OY º References
OY è External links

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Main article: Modello

A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or
pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or V
 for a painting,
stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to
accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a
series of days (  ).

Cartoon for stained glass window of Daniel by Edward Burne-Jones, 18èG.

Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design; a bag of soot was then patted
or "pounced" over the cartoon, held against the wall to leave black dots on the plaster
("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London and examples by
Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually coloured,
were followed by eye by the weavers on the loom.[1]

0
 

John Leech's "Cartoon no.1: Substance and Shadow" (18uG) satirized preparatory cartoons for
frescoes in the Palace of Westminster, creating the modern meaning of "cartoon".

In modern print media, a cartoon is a piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates
from 18uG when 0 
 magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages,[]
particularly sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for
grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for these
drawings was  0 
 
      and the new title "cartoon" was intended to be
ironic, a reference to the self-aggrandizing posturing of Westminster politicians.

Modern single-panel cartoons or gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a single
drawing with a caption immediately beneath or (much less often) a speech balloon. Newspaper
syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary
Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher and others.

Many consider    cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon (as did
Arno himself). The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes Charles Addams, Charles
Barsotti and Chon Day. Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus and Virgil Partch began as a magazine gag
cartoonists and moved on to do syndicated comic strips. Noteworthy in the area of newspaper
cartoon illustration is Richard Thompson, who illustrated numerous feature articles in 
  0  .

Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites.
Although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or
satire. The art usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on current social
and/or political topics. Editorial cartoons often include speech balloons and, sometimes, multiple
panels. Editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters
and Gerald Scarfe.[1]

Comic strips, also known as "cartoon strips" in the United Kingdom, are found daily in
newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence. In the
United States they are not as commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics" or
"funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips²as well as comic books and graphic
novels²are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalent subject
matter, adventure and drama are also represented in this medium. Noteworthy cartoonists of
humor strips include Scott Adams, Steve Bell, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill
Watterson.[1]

^
Books with cartoons are usually reprints of newspaper cartoons. On some occasions, new gag
cartoons have been created for book publication, as was the case with  V, a 19ºè
promotional book distributed as a giveaway by Volkswagen dealers. Bill Hoest and other
cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswagens, and these were published along
with humorous automotive essays by such humorists as H. Allen Smith, Roger Price and Jean
Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's
creator.

Π 
Main article: Animated cartoon

Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, "cartoon"
came to refer to animation, and the word "cartoon" is currently used to refer to both animated
cartoons and gag cartoons. While "animation" designates any style of illustrated images seen in
rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word "cartoon" is most often used in
reference to TV programs and short films for children featuring anthropomorphized animals,
superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists and related genres.

At the end of the 1980s, the word "cartoon" was shortened, and the word "toon" came into usage
with the live action/animated feature  V
   (1988), followed two years later
by the TV series    
  (1990).

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