9 de septiembre de 2019 - semana 2

Física: las Grandes Diego A. Torres


Ideas que Cambiaron al datorresg@unal.edu.co

(+57) 311 2541047
Mundo - 2026501
A Boy and His Atom: The World’s Smallest Movie
¿Cómo se comporta la materia a escala atómica?

Mecánica Cuántica
The Beginning of the Disaster

The Black-Body Radiation
 The Beginning of the Disaster

The Black-Body Radiation
Every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic
radiation and the spectral radiance of a body, B ! ν , describes the amount of
energy it emits at different radiation frequencies.

The maximum energy which can be radiated by an object is called the blackbody
radiation. A blackbody is a theoretical object which is a perfect absorber and
emitter of radiation.
 The Beginning of the Disaster

The Black-Body Radiation
Every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic
radiation and the spectral radiance of a body, B ! ν , describes the amount of
energy it emits at different radiation frequencies.

The maximum energy which can be radiated by an object is called the blackbody
radiation. A blackbody is a theoretical object which is a perfect absorber and
emitter of radiation.
 The Beginning of the Disaster

The Black-Body Radiation
On 14th December 1900 Max Planck proposed a solution to the Black-Body
Radiation problem.
2
2πhc
E(λ, T ) =
λ 5 (e hc/λkT − 1)

λ[m]; Wavelength
c = 2.998 × 108 m /s; Speed of light.
π = 3.1416
h = 6.626 × 10−34 J ⋅ s; Planck's constant.
k = 1.381 × 10−23 J/K; Boltzmann's constant.
e = 2.718; Base of natural logarithms.
 The Beginning of the Disaster

The Black-Body Radiation
On 14th December 1900 Max Planck proposed a solution to the Black-Body
Radiation problem.

2πhc 2 2πhν 3
E(λ, T ) = →
λ 5 (e hc/λkT − 1) c 3 (ehν/kT − 1)
c
c = λν → λ=
ν

The term !hν implies that the energy must be released in packages,
or better quantum, of energy!
Then, a little push to the abysm by Einstein.

❖ In 1905 Albert Einstein published

two great equation, one well
known and the other maybe not.

❖ Energy-mass relationship !E = mc 2
❖ Photoelectric effect !Ek = hν − ϕ

c = 2.998 × 108 m /s; Speed of light.

h = 6.626 × 10−34 J ⋅ s; Planck's constant.
 Photoelectric Effect
Ek = hν − ϕ

Ephoton = hν

Ek
ϕ
Physics Nobel Prize 1921
A. Einstein
Have you ever Utilized the
Photoelectric Effect?
Quantization
Why is so difficult to understand
quantum mechanics?
 The Atom
Electron

Atomic Proton
Nucleus

Electronic orbital size ~10-10 m Neutron

Proton orbital size ~10-15 m
The Bohr-Rutherford’s Atomic Model

Niels Bohr,
Physics Nobel Prize 1922

Ernest Rutherford,
Chemistry Nobel Prize 1908
Atomic Levels
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation
 Rayos X

Wilhelm Röntgen

Physics Nobel Prize 1901.

 Rayos X

Wilhelm Röntgen

Physics Nobel Prize 1901.

Still it Doesn’t make sense
 Schrödinger’s Equation
h ∂ψ(r, t) ̂
i = Hψ(r, t)
2π ∂t

Erwin Shrödinger created the equation in 1925, and won the Nobel prize in 1933.
 Schrödinger’s Equation
h ∂ψ(r, t) ̂
i = Hψ(r, t)
2π ∂t

Erwin Shrödinger created the equation in 1925, and won the Nobel prize in 1933.
Atoms after Schrödinger’s mess
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
p=m⋅v
h
Δp ⋅ Δx ≥
4π

h = 6.626 × 10−34 J ⋅ s; Planck's constant.

Wave-Particle Duality
Wave-Particle Duality
Wave-Particle Duality
The Paradox of the Schrödinger’s cat

is the cat death or alive?

The Tunnel Effect
The Tunnel Effect
A Boy and His Atom: The World’s Smallest Movie
The Laser
 2
E = mc
What is the interpretation of the World Around us?

“We are just the result of the

collapse of a wave function”