PROCEDURE(IN(THE(SUPREME(COURT(

RULE(56(

A.! ORIGINAL(CASES(

Diba%we%also%have%original%cases%before%the%CA%remember%that.%Excluded%lang%Habeas%Corpus.%In%the%SC%pwede.%Certiorari,%the%
one% that% I% have% also% told% you% before,% can% you% recall?% when% we% started% with% our% subject?% diba% I% told% you% mga% Exclusive% Original%
jurisdiction,%concurrent%jurisdiction,%this%are%still%the%same%noh?%Here%very%clear,%pwede%ma%file%before%the%SC%certiorari,%prohibition,%
mandamus%quo%warranto,%pwede.%Habeas%corpus,%but%that%is%out%na%diba%with%the%CA.%disciplinary%proceedings%against%the%members%
of%the%judiciary%and%attorneys%because%remember%if%you%want%to%file%a%suspension%or%disbarment%proceedings%against%lawyers%you%can%
file%that%diba%directly%before%the%SC%in%your%legal%ethics.%If%you%want%to%file%an%administrative%complaint%against%a%judge,%you%also%have%
to%file%that%before%the%SC%including%cases%involving%Ambassador%or%other%public%Ministers%and%Consuls%this%are%those%cases%which%can%
originally%be%filed%before%the%SC%my%dear%students.%Ok%take%note,%certioreray%(certiorari),%prohibition,%mandamus,%quo%warranto,%habeas%
corpus,% disciplinary% proceedings% against% judges,% not% only% judges% but% also% members% of% the% judiciary% to% include% CA% justices,%
Sandiganbayan%justices,%if%you%want%to%file%a%complaint%against%any%one%of%us%then%that%can%be%before%the%SC%or%if%you%want%to%file%a%case%
against%a%lawyer%for%suspension%or%disbarment%you%can%also%go%to%the%SC%or%you%have%another%option%diba%you%notice%in%your%legal%
ethics,%file%that%before%the%IBP%and%at%the%end%of%the%day,%the%decision%of%the%IBP%is%subject%to%the%decision%also%of%the%SC%ok.%Then%cases%
involving%Ambassadors,%Public%Ministers%and%Consuls%can%also%be%filed%before%the%SC.%Ok?%%

All%of%this%cases%if%you%want%to%file,%18%copies.%18%clear%and%legible%copies%which%shall%be%filed%together%with%a%proof%of%service%
on%all%adverse%parties.%Ok?%However,%for%members%of%the%judiciary%shall%be%govern%by%the%laws,%and%for%lawyers,%of%course,%you%have%
the%provisions%of%the%Rules%of%Court%in%which%you%have%taken%in%your%legal%ethics%tama%ba%ako?%Ok%so%please%take%note%of%that%ok?%Now%
mode%of%appeal,%as%a%rule%lang%you%already%know%that,%petition%for%review%on%certiorari%under%rule%45%but%it%is%a%mode%of%appeal,%even%
before%the%RTC%in%its%original%jurisdiction%to%the%SC,%still%a%petition%for%review%on%certiorari%but%only%on%pure%question%of%Law%kasi%this%is%
RTC%in%its%appellate%jurisdiction,%its%not%ha,%SC%but%it%is%CA%under%rule%42%pero%if%this%is%pure%questions%of%Law,%from%the%decision%of%the%
RTC%in%the%exercise%of%its%original%jurisdiction,%you%are%allowed%to%go%to%the%SC%directly%for%a%petition%for%review%on%certiorari%under%rule%
45%but%if%this%is%a%decision%of%the%CA%in%the%exercise%of%its%appellate%jurisdiction%whether%question%of%Law%or%Facts%or%mixed%question%of%
facts%and%law,%you%know%that%already,%you%go%to%the%CA%on%petition%for%review%under%rule%42.%There%is%an%exception%here,%except%in%
Criminal%Cases%where%the%penalty%impose%is%Death,%Reclusion%Perpetua%or%Life%imprisonment,%take%note%this%has%been%taken%already%by%
the%case%of%PEOPLE%vs%MATEO%because%appeal%now%will%not%be%before%the%SC%but%actually%before%the%CA.%But!%If%you%are%not%contented%
with%the%decision%of%the%CA,%you%can%still%go%to%the%SC%now%not%on%appeal%but%for%a%petition%for%review%on%certiorari%under%Rule%45.%If%
you%go%to%Sec%3%of%Rule%56,%diba,%all%would%always%be%by%virtue%of%45%but%there%is%an%exception%here,%cases%punishable%by%death%xxx%kasi%
before%naman%diba,%automatic%appeal%man%tayo%with%the%SC%but%this%is%not%the%rule%anymore%because%according%to%the%case%of%People%
vs%Mateo%in%cases%of%decisions%of%the%RTC%where%the%penalty%is%death%xxx%automatic%appeal%goes%to%the%CA%and%what%you%will%do%lang%is%
file%a%notice%of%appeal%however%if%you%are%still%not%contented%of%the%decision%of%the%CA%then%you%can%go%now%to%the%SC%via%rule%45%already.%
The%rationale,%remember,%why%is%it%that%this%is%none%of%the%SC%is%para%to%give%an%ample%opportunity%talaga%to%check,%study%the%case%
thoroughly%because%the%penalty%is%death%or%perpetua%unlike%imprisonment,%rather%than%go%to%the%SC,%remember%the%SC%is%not%a%applier%
of%facts.%The%SC%is%only%limited%to%questions%of%Law.%Atleast%if%that%is%brought%to%the%CA,%there%is%that%rationale%in%the%case%of%Mateo,%at%
least%the%facts%of%the%case%can%likewise%be%studied%thoroughly%and%carefully%be%assessed%by%the%CA.%

Procedures,%take%note%nalang.%Then%grounds%for%dismissal%of%appeal,%its%in%section%5,%basically%pareXpareho%for%grounds%for%
dismissal%of%an%appeal%before%the%CA,%failure%to%take%an%appeal%within%the%reglementary%period,%lack%of%merits,%failure%to%pay%the%requisite%
docket%fee,%xxx%and%error%in%the%choice%of%mode%of%appeal%kasi%if%in%the%CA,%if%your%mode%is%wrong%dismiss%kaagad,%diba%before%if%your%
remedy%is%wrong%it%will%not%be%dismissed%but%now%it%will%be%dismissed%immediately,%that’s%reiterated%by%Sec%6.%%

Then%Section%7,%when%court%en%banc%is%equally%divided%in%option%or%the%necessary%majority%cannot%be%had,%the%case%shall%again%
be%deliberated%on,%and%if%after%such%deliberation%no%decision%is%reached,%the%original%action%commenced%in%the%court%shall%be%dismissed;%
in%appealed%cases,%the%judgment%or%order%appealed%from%shall%stand%affirmed;%and%on%all%incidental%matters,%the%petition%or%motion%shall%
be%denied.%
 %

Rule%57%
Attachment%
Attachment%is%of%3%stages%
1.! Order%for%the%issuance%of%the%writ%of%preliminary%attachment%
2.! Issuance%of%the%writ%%
3.! Implementation%of%the%writ%(by%the%sheriff)%
% Xrequires%that%the%court%has%to%acquire%jurisdiction%over%the%person%of%the%respondent/defendant;%such%jurisdiction%
st nd
not%required%in%the%1 %and%2 %stages.%
% Reason:%it%is%only%when%the%writ%is%already%implemented%by%the%sheriff%(in%the%implementation%of%the%writ),%where%the%
summons%should%be%served%by%the%sheriff%contemporaneously,%together%w/%it%is%the%complaint,%and%it%must%also%include%
the%order%granting%the%writ,%the%writ%of%course,%and%the%bond.%
%
rd
Service%of%summons%cannot%be%done%in%the%first%two%stages%(only%on%the%3 %stage),%because%the%by%doing%so,%the%respondent%might%be%
able%to%abscond%with%his%properties.%
%
It%is%preliminary%because%it%can%be%part%and%parcel%of%the%prayer.%
%
When%can%preliminary%attachment%be%sought/issued?%(period)%
% =%at%the%commencement%or%at%any%stage%of%the%complaint%before%entry%of%judgement%
% =cannot%be%after%entry%of%judgement%
% % Reason:%PA%can%only%be%availed%of%at%any%time%before%entry%of%judgement%because%when%%there% is% already% entry% of%
judgement,%the%appropriate%remedy%is%execution.%(file%a%motion%for%% execution)%
%
PA%is%for%security%purposes.%
Grounds%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA%
The%writ%of%PI%may%be%issued%in%the%ff%cases:%(Sec.%1,%Rule%57Xmemorize)%
% 1.%Actions%for%the%recovery%of%a%specified%amount%of%money%or%damages,%other%than%moral%and%% %
% exemplary,%on%a%cause%of%action%arising%from%law,%contract,%quasiXcontract,%delict,%or%% % % quasiXdelict%
against%a%party%who%is%about%to%depart%from%the%Philippines%with%intent%to%% % % defraud%his%creditors%
% 2.%Actions%for%money%or%property%embezzled%or%fraudulently%misapplied%or%converted%to%his%own%% % % use% by% a%
public%officer,%or%an%officer%of%a%corporation,%or%an%attorney,%factor,%broker%agent,%or%clerk,%in%the%course%of%his%employment%as%such,%or%
by%other%person%in%a%fiduciary%capacity,%or%for%a%willful%violation%of%duty%%
% 3.%Actions%to%recover%the%possession%of%property%unjustly%or%fraudulently%taken,%detained%or%% %
% converted,%when%the%property,%or%any%part%thereof,%has%been%concealed,%removed,%or%% % % disposed% of% to%
prevent%its%being%found%or%taken%by%the%applicant%or%an%authorized%person%%
% 4.%Actions%against%a%party%who%has%been%guilty%of%a%fraud%in%contracting%the%debt%or%incurring%or%% %
% performance%the%obligation%upon%which%the%action%is%brought%%
% 5.%Actions%against%a%party%who%has%removed%or%disposed%of%his%property,%or%is%about%to%do%so,%% % % with%
intent%to%defraud%his%creditors%%
% 6.%Actions%against%nonXresidents%not%found%in%the%Philippines,%or%person%upon%whom%summons%% % % may% be%
served%by%publication%%
%
If%your%case%is%not%one%of%the%6%enumerated,%you%cannot%ask%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA%
Common%to%all%of%those%grounds%enumerated:%
% =%there%is%intent%on%the%part%of%the%defendant%to%defraud%creditors,%or%with%intent%to%abscond%
% That%is%why%you%can%ask%for%preliminary%attachment%as%a%sort%of%security%for%whatever%judgement%which%might%be%rendered%in%
your%favor,%at%least%you%can%run%after%these%particular%properties%which%are%attached.%%
%
This%can%be%part%and%parcel%of%the%complaint,%and%this%should%be.%So%when%you%file%a%complaint,%for%example%for%collection%of%sum%of%
money,%you%can%ask%there,%a%prayer%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA.%
%
So%that%the%prayer%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA%will%be%granted%by%the%court,%it%must%comply%with%the%following%requirements:%
1.! Cause%of%action%must%be%stated%in%an%affidavit.%
% Contents%of%the%affidavit:%(memorize)%
1.! The%facts%which%constitute%the%cause%of%action%
2.! The%fact%that%it%is%one%of%those%enumerated%and%allowed%by%Sec.1,%Rule%57%
 3.! %That%there%is%no%sufficient%security,%or%no%other%means%to%fulfil%the%obligation.%
% % % Judge%S:%Could%I%issue%a%writ%of%PA%in%a%case%where%the%debt%is%covered%by%a%real%% % % estate%
% mortgage,%but%the%plaintiffXcreditor%instead%of%foreclosing%the%real%estate%% % % mortgage% opted% to% file% a%
collection%of%a%sum%of%money%case%with%the%prayer%for%the%% % % issuance% of% a% writ% of% PA?% As% a% judge,% would% I% be%
% correct%if%I%will%grant%the%writ%of%PA%%% % prayed%for?%Yes%or%No?%
% % % % =No,%because%in%the%prayer%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA,%there%must%%% %
% be%no%sufficient%% securities%for%that%particular%debt.%That%debt%is%already%secured%% % % % by% the%
real%estate%mortgage;%hence%the%prayer%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA%is%% % % % improper% under% the%
circumstances.%
%
% % And%aside%from%this%particular%affidavit,%what%is%another%requirement%before%the%court%% % %
% issues%a%writ%of%PA?%=%Bond%
%
% 2.(((Bond%
% % How%much%is%the%amount%of%the%bond?%
% % % =the%amount%is%based%upon%the%amount%as%ordered%by%the%court%or%equivalent%to%% %
% the%value%of%the%property%sought%to%be%attached%
% % In%fact,%when%the%writ%of%PA%will%now%be%served%by%the%sheriff,%the%summons,%the%% complaint,% the% order,% the%
affidavit%and%the%bond%must%likewise%be%served%upon%the%defendantX% debtor%or%obligor.%
%
Why%is%it%that%the%summons,%the%complaint,%must%contain%the%order%granting%the%writ,%the%writ%itself%and%the%bond?%(served%all%upon%
the% person% of% the% defendantXdebtorXobligor)% Aside% from% the% fact% that% the% court% must% acquire% jurisdiction% over% the% person% of% the%
defendant,%what%is%the%justification?%Particularly%on%the%aspect%of%the%bond?%
% =so%that%you%will%know%how%much%is%your%counter%bond%
On%the%part%of%the%defendantXdebtorXobligor,%what%can%be%resorted%to%by%him%aside%from%questioning%the%fact%that%the%bond%posted%by%
the%plaintiffXcreditorXobligee%is%not%sufficient%to%the%value%of%the%property%prayed%for%to%be%attached,%he%can%question%that,%what%is%it?%
You%are%the%defendantXdebtor,%tapos%you%received%the%summons,%the%complaint,%the%order,%the%affidavit%and%the%bond.%To%protect%
yourself,%what%will%you%do?%
% =%file%a%counter%bond%
Can%you%post%a%counter%bond?%=Yes.%
What%is%the%reason%why%you%can%post%a%counter%bond?%=so%that%your%property%can%be%discharged.%%
(Judge%S:%pwedeeee>%!)%The%property%attached%can%be%discharged%because%you%have%filed%a%counter%bond.%That’s%what%we%do.%If%you%
don’t%want%that%your%property%is%attached%while%the%case%is%pending,%you%post%a%counter%bond%equivalent%to%the%amount%of%the%bond%
granted%by%the%court.%
%
Why%is%it%that%there%has%to%be%a%bond%if%you%pray%for%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA?%
% =because%the%bond%is%to%answer%for%whatever%damages%which%might%be%suffered%by%the%defendantXdebtorXobligor%if%it%turned%
out%that%the%plaintiff%is%not%entitled%to%the%property%attached%%because%at%the%end%of%the%day,%he%might%have%lost%in%the%case.%
%
The%counter%bond%is%for%what?%
% =To%answer%for%damages%which%might%be%incurred%by%the%plaintiffXcreditorXobligee%if%it%turns%out%that%talaga%he%is%entitled%to%
the%property%prayed%for%in%the%attachment.%
%
What%are%the%grounds%where%the%writ%of%PA%can%be%dissolved?(discharged)Xmemorize%
1.! Filing%of%a%counter%bond%
2.! In%case%of%excessive%attachment,%partial%discharge%can%be%done%
3.! Bond%was%irregularly%issued%by%the%court%
4.! When%judgement%was%issued%in%favour%of%the%defendant%
5.! Property%attached%is%exempt%from%execution%
%
In%the%issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA,%it%should%not%be%upon%a%property%exempt%from%execution.%%
What%are%these%properties%which%are%exempt%from%execution?%(see%Rule%39)%Can%you%give%me%at%least%3%properties%which%are%exempt%
from%execution?%
1.! Family%home%
% How%much?%=%200,000%for%rural%areas;%%300,000%for%urban%
% % % (might%increase%depending%on%the%changes%in%the%currency)%
2.! Tools%for%occupation%%
It%is%your%responsibility%to%take%note%of%these%properties%exempt%from%execution.%Properties%which%should%be%part%of%a%prayer%for%the%
issuance%of%a%writ%of%PA%must%be%properties%which%are%not%exempted%from%execution.%
%
What%are%the%obligations%of%the%sheriff%in%the%implementation%of%a%writ?%
1.! To%serve%the%summons,%the%complaint,%the%order,%the%writ,%and%the%bond%
2.! To%make%a%return%(no%period%provided)%
%
How%should%the%writ%be%implemented?%How%is%it%done?%How%will%the%sheriff%do%it?%
% =%It%depends%on%what%kind%of%property%is%attached.%(see%Sec.%7,%Rule%57%**memorize**)%
% Real%Property%=%by%submitting%a%copy%of%the%writ%of%PA%issued%by%the%court%to%the%office%of%the%% % % Registry%
of%Deeds%of%the%place%or%city%where%the%property%is%located;%Registry%of%Deeds%% % % should% annotate% the% writ% of% PA% in%
the%title%of%the%property.%
% Personal%Property%=%taking%and%safely%keeping%it%in%his%custody%
% Shares%of%stocks%=%by%leaving%a%copy%of%the%writ%and%a%notice%that%such%is%attached%in%pursuance%% % %
% of%the%writ%with%the%president%or%managing%agent%of%the%corporation%or%company%
% Money%in%the%Bank=%garnishment%
%
The%property%subject%of%the%writ%of%PA%is%claimed%by%a%third%person%
% =%he%files%an%affidavit%of%his%title%thereto;%third%party%becomes%a%forced%intervenor%
%What%will%happen?%Will%the%sheriff%still%proceed%with%the%implementation%of%the%writ%of%PA%if%the%property%is%claimed%by%a%third%person?%%
% =%it%depends.%%
% Something%has%to%be%done%on%the%part%of%that%third%person%and%what%is%that?%
% % =third%party%claim%must%be%filed%with%the%sheriff.%
% What%must%he%prove%there%so%that%the%sheriff%will%not%proceed%with%the%implementation%of%the%writ?%
% % =%that%he%has%interest%over%the%property%
% % What%else?%Yun%lang%ba?%Time%na%ba?%Sige%we%will%stop%there%lang%muna.%!%%
%
Effects%when%property%claimed%by%third%person%
%
Q:What%must%the%3rd%person%do%if%he%has%claim%on%that%property?%
A:%the%3rd%person%must%make%an%affidavit%stating%or%alleging%his%title%and%right%to%possession%to%the%sheriff.%The%sheriff%need%not%to%
proceed%to%the%attachment,%however,%if%the%attaching%party%or%his%agent%files%a%bond%in%favor%of%the%3rd%party,%but%the%period%to%claim%
the%bond%must%be%filed%within%120%days%from%the%institution%of%the%bond.%The%sheriff%should%not%be%liable%for%whatever%damages%for%
not%continuing%with%the%writ%of%attachment%issued%by%the%court.%
%
Q:%if%plaintiff%own%in%%the%case,%how%should%the%procedure%be,%what%is%the%first%that%has%to%be%done%to%the%satisfy%the%judgement%
awarded%by%the%court?%
A:%sales,%proceeds%of%the%sale,%if%the%proceeds%of%the%sale%of%the%property%is%insufficient%he%can%run%after%the%attach%real%or%personal%
property,%if%still%not%sufficient%he%can%run%after%the%credits%of%the%debtorXdefendantX%obligor%towards%the%3rd%person,%and%after%
applying%this%,%if%there%is%an%excess,%return%the%excess%to%the%defendantXdebtorXobligor.%
%
Q:In%the%context%of%counter%bond,%when%can%this%be%taken%into%account%by%the%plaintiffXcreditorX%obligee.%
A:%liability%counterXbond%is%attached,%is%when%the%judgment%is%rendered%and%an%execution%was%made,%and%judgment%remains%
unsatisfiedX%the%counterbond%should%answer%automatically%whatever%judgment%in%favor%of%the%plaintiffXcreditorX%obligee.%
%
Q:what%if%the%plaintiff%loses%and%defendant%won?%
A:%the%whole%money%or%sum%which%were%taken%into%possession%by%the%sheriff%should%be%turn%over%to%the%defendant%obligor.%
%
Q:the%plaintiff%is%not%entitled%to%the%writ%of%attachment%prayed%for,%how%will%the%defendant%run%after%the%bond?%
A:%application%for%damages%can%be%done%before%trial,%before%appeal%is%perfected,%or%before%the%judgment%becomes%executory.%His%
claim%should%be%in%the%same%case%and%same%action.%
Except.%
a)%Where%the%principal%case%was%dismissed%for%lack%of%jurisdiction%by%the%trial%court%without%giving%an%opportunity%to%the%party%whose%
property%was%attached%to%apply%for%and%prove%his%claim%for%damages;%and%(b)%Where%the%damages%by%reason%of%the%attachment%was%
sustained%by%a%third%person%who%was%not%a%party%to%the%action%wherein%such%writ%was%issued.%
Rule%58%preliminary%injunction%
%
JurisdictionX%all%courts%can%now%issue%the%writ%of%preliminary%injunction%
Can%only%be%filed%on%the%place%or%court%where%you%prayed%for.%
%
Can%be%a%main%action,%it%can%also%be%an%ancillary%remedy,%
%
Q:what%is%injunction?%
A:Injunction%is%a%judicial%writ,%process%or%proceeding%whereby%a%party%is%ordered%to%do%or%refrain%from%doing%a%particular%act.%However,%
it%can%also%be%a%writ%to%compel%a%person%to%do%an%act,%and%it%is%called%a%preliminary%mandatory%injunction.%
%
In%the%context%of%P.I.%the%act%should%not%be%done%yet%but%is%about%to%be%done%by%the%defendant.%Exception%if%the%act%is%continuing%in%
nature%for%example%a%case%of%forcible%entry.%
%
A%mandatory%injunction%is%an%extraordinary%remedy%and%will%be%granted%only%on%a%showing%that%(a)%the%invasion%of%the%right%is%material%
and%substantial,%(b)%the%right%of%the%complainant%is%clear%and%unmistakable,%and%(c)%there%is%an%urgent%and%paramount%necessity%for%
the%writ%to%prevent%serious%damage%(d)%it%should%not%create%a%new%relation%between%the%parties%which%was%arbitrarily%interrupted%by%
the%defendant.%
%
Instances%where%RTC%CANNOT%issue%P.I.%Read%page%725X726%
1%labor%disputes%
2%must%be%limited%within%the%courts%territorial%jurisdiction%
3%cannot%issue%on%quasi%judicial%agencies%
4%court%of%coXequal%jurisdiction%
5%R.A,%8975%government%infrastructure%
%
You%can%ask%for%P.I.%while%the%case%is%going%on,%but%it%can%also%be%done%a%final%injunction,%where%a%person%/%defendant%is%perpetually%
prevented%from%doing%something.%
%
LimitationX%cannot%issue%a%writ%of%P.I.%on%
1%disputed%property%
2%prevent%an%issuance%of%an%ordinance.%
%
Requisites%for%the%issuance%of%P.I.%
1%there%must%be%a%verified%application%
2%constituting%the%ground%why%you%are%asking%for%a%P.I.%(Memorize%Sec.3)%
3%unless%exempted%by%the%court,%file%a%bond.%
Amount%of%the%bondX%discretion%of%the%court.%
%
In%Multiple%sala%court%
%%%%Issuance%of%the%writ%of%P.I.%if%there%is%an%extreme%urgency%and%the%applicant%will%suffer%grave%injustice%and%irreparable%injury,%the%
court%within%72%hours%conduct%a%hearing.%In%no%case%shall%the%total%period%of%effectivity%of%the%TRO%exceed%20%days,%including%the%
original%72%hours%provided%herein.%
%
Q:%what%is%irreparable?%
A:%if%it%is%of%such%constant%and%frequent%recurrence%that%no%fair%or%reasonable%redress%can%be%had%therefor%in%a%court%of%law.%
%
Distinction%between%injunction%and%prohibition%
%
a.%Injunction%is%generally%directed%against%a%party%in%the%action,%while%prohibition%is%directed%against%a%court,%tribunal%or%person%
exercising%judicial%powers.%
b.%Injunction%does%not%involve%the%jurisdiction%of%the%court,%whereas%prohibition%may%be%on%the%ground%that%the%court%against%whom%
the%writ%is%sought%acted%without%or%in%excess%of%jurisdiction.%
c.%Injunction%may%be%the%main%action%itself,%or%just%a%provisional%remedy%in%the%main%action,%whereas%prohibition%is%always%a%main%
action.%Hence,%for%temporary%restraint%in%a%proceeding%for%prohibition,%preliminary%injunction%must%be%sought%therein.%

Rule(59F60:(Preliminary(Injunction(continuation(

If%there%is%a%distinct%emergency%tapos%it%will%cause%an%irreparable%damage%to%the%applicant%if%not%granted%by%the%court,%what’s%to%be%
done%is%the%court%grants%a%72Xhour%temporary%restraining%order.%Will%that%be%contemporaneously%served%with%the%summons%and%the%
complaint%on%the%defendant?%Yes.%

What%are%the%grounds%for%dissolution%of%the%writ%of%preliminary%injunction?%%

1.! The%complaint%is%insufficient;%
2.! The%defendant%is%permitted%to%post%a%counterXbond,%it%appearing%that%he%would%sustain%great%damage%while%the%plaintiff%can%
be%amply%compensated;%and/or%
3.! On%other%grounds,%as%where%the%bond%posted%by%the%applicant%turned%out%to%be%insufficient%or%defective.%

The%procedure%on%how%to%run%after...for%damages%is%the%same%procedure%as%in%Section%20%of%the%rule%on%the%issuance%of%preliminary%
attachment.%The%rule%on%how%you%can%claim%for%damages%arising%from%the%bond%posted%by%the%applicant.%Memorize%it.%

Receivership(

What%is%a%receiver?%Receiver%is%a%person%appointed%by%the%court%in%behalf%of%all%the%parties%to%an%action%for%the%purpose%of%preserving%
the%property%involved%in%the%suit%and%to%protect%the%rights%of%all%the%parties%under%the%direction%of%the%court.%

Can%a%party%to%a%case%be%appointed%as%receiver?%Not,%unless%there%is%consent%of%all%the%parties%concerned.%%

Preliminary%injunction%can%be%a%principal%action%or%an%ancillary%remedy,%is%it%the%same%with%receivership?%Yes.%Receivership%can%be%a%
principal%action%or%an%ancillary%remedy.%

In% the% issuance% of% the% writ% of% preliminary% injunction,% diba% it% is% only% available% while% the% case% is% going% on.% Is% it% the% same% rule% in% the%
appointment%of%a%receiver?%No,%because%appointment%of%receiver%can%be%done%in%any%stage%of%the%proceedings%even%if%the%decision%is%
already%final%and%executor%and%even%if%it’s%on%appeal.%%

If%the%case%is%on%appeal,%where%do%you%ask%for%the%appointment%of%a%receiver?%Appellate%court%or%the%court%of%origin?%CA%or%RTC?%Answer%
is%the%court%of%origin%(RTC)%because%it%has%residual(jurisdiction.%%

When%you%ask%for%a%receiver,%what%do%you%do?%The%party%will%file%a%verified%petition.%If%the%receivership%is%an%ancillary%remedy,%it%can%be%
done%by%motion%but%the%motion%must%be%(verified?).%%

What%are%the%grounds%for%the%appointment%of%a%receiver?%Section%1%of%Rule%59.%Memorize.%%

In%a%case%for%recovery%of%possession%with%damages,%can%you%pray%for%the%appointment%of%a%receiver?%Or%in%a%case%for%the%quieting%of%title%
or%recovery%of%ownership,%can%you%pray%for%the%appointment%of%a%receiver%through%a%verified%motion?%As%a%rule,%in%cases%which%involve%
titles% or% the% issue% on% who% truly% owns% the% property,% receivership% is% not% allowed,% unless% the% applicant% can% prove% that% the% nonX%
appointment%of%a%receiver%will%cause%serious%injuries%on%his%part.%This%can%be%considered%an%exception%to%the%rule.%%

What%are%the%other%requirements%in%asking%for%receivership?%Filing%of%a%bond%by%the%applicant.%The%bond%shall%be%determined%by%the%
court.%%

The%court%has%granted%a%motion,%what%should%the%receiver%do?%The%receiver%will%take%his%oath%and%will%also%file%a%bond.%

What%is%the%extent%of%the%power%of%the%receiver?%(Enumeration%from%the%book)%Are%they%all%acts%of%administration?%Can%the%receiver%
sell%the%property?%The%extent%of%the%power%of%the%receiver%is%up%to%administration%and%preservation%of%the%property.%Before%there%can%
be%sale%or%mortgage,%there%must%be%leave%of%court%and%order%issued%by%the%court.%%

Can%we%compel%a%person%to%comply%with%this%order?%Yes.%What%happens%if%the%person%refuses%to%comply%with%this%order?%He%can%be%
punished%for%direct%or%indirect%contempt.%

What%is%this%power%of%the%receiver%wherein%even%if%he%is%not%a%party%to%the%case,%he%can%still%consult.%This%is%an%exception%to%the%rule%daw%
that%even%if%he’s%not%a%party%to%the%case,%he%has%the%power%to%intervene.%%

Can%there%be%posting%of%counterXbond%on%the%part%of%the%person%who%is%______%with%the%appointment%of%the%receiver?%If%there%is%a%
counterXbond,%what%is%the%effect?%%

What%are%the%grounds%for%the%dissolution%of%receivership?%Section%8%of%Rule%59.%

Can%you%ask%for%a%second%issuance%of%a%writ%of%preliminary%injunction?%As%a%general%rule,%the%law%does%not%allow%the%second%issuance%of%
a%writ%of%preliminary%injunction;%however,%when%there%are%facts%which%are%unknown%during%the%litigation%and%became%known%during%
the%second%application,%the%court%can%allow%the%second%issuance%of%the%writ%of%preliminary%injunction.%%

Replevin(

Replevin%is%the%writ%itself,%what%is%the%main%case?%The%main%case%is%for%the%recovery%of%possession%of%personal%property%with%prayer%for%
the%issuance%of%writ%of%replevin.%The%application%for%the%writ%of%replevin%should%be%done%before%the%defendant%files%his%answer.%It%is%
always%an%ancillary%remedy.%

What%are%the%requisites%for%the%issuance%of%writ%of%replevin?%Affidavit%and%bond%(Section%2).%

How%much%is%the%bond?%The%bond%must%be%double%the%value%of%the%property%sought%to%be%recovered.%%Purpose%of%the%bond%is%to%answer%
for%damages.%%

CONTINUATION%REPLEVIN….%

RULE(60:(Replevin(and((
Rule(61:(Support(Pendente(Lite(
%

%JS:%Recap.%According%to%section%1%that%the%writ%of%replevin%is%anchored%in%principal%case%of%recovery%of%possession%of%personal%property.%
but%the%writ%of%replevin%must%be%secure%before%an%answer.%The%last%we%have%discussed%is%the%2%requisites%in%connection%with%the%writ%of%
replevin,%first%file%a%verify%application%which%contain%an%affidavit%alleging%the%grounds%thereof%and%second%you%have%to%give%a%bond%
double%the%value%of%the%property.%We%have%no%more%question.%%

Ms.%Peque.%Give%the%distinctions%between%writ%of%replevin%vs%preliminary%attachment.%Kim:%In%replevin%the%principal%action%is%recovery%
of%personal%property%while%in%attachment%the%recovery%of%personal%property%is%only%incidental%to%ther%main%action.%In%replevin%the%action%
is%limited%only%to%recovery%of%personal%property%while%in%attachment%is%it%not%limited%to%recovery%only%personal%property%But%also%to%real%
and%other%personal%property.%In%replevin%can%be%sought%if%the%property%is%in%the%possession%of%the%defendant%while%in%attachment%it%not%
only%limited%if%the%possession%is%in%the%defendant%it%can%still%be%sought%even%if%the%possession%is%in%the%hands%of%a%third%person.%In%replevin%
the%property%need%not%be%in%custodia%legis%while%in%attachment%it%must%be%in%custodia%legis.%In%replevin%it%is%available%even%if%the%property%
is%not%concealed%while%attachment%is%available%if%the%personal%property%is%unjustly%or%fraudulently%detained.%%

JS:%What%is%the%duty%of%the%sheriff%after%the%requisites%for%replevin%is%complied%with?%Kim:%To%serve%the%application%together%with%to%the%
person%named%therewith%for%the%purpose%of%taking%possession%of%the%property%subject%of%the%writ%of%replevin.%%

JS:%On%the%part%of%the%defendant.%what%should%he%do%so%the%property%will%not%be%subjected%to%the%writ%of%replevin?%Kim:%The%defendant%
may%post%a%redelivery%bond.%

%JS:%Is%there%a%required%days?%%

Kim:%5%Days.%%

JS:%aside%from%posting%a%redelivery%bond.%Can%there%be%other%grounds?%%

Kim:%When%the%bond%of%applicant%is%insufficient%and%where%the%property%was%not%returned%to%the%plaintiff%for%no%reason%whatsoever.%%

JS:%what%about%if%it%is%claim%by%a%third%person?%

Kim:%the%same%procedure%in%attachment%if%property%is%claimed%by%third%person.%The%third%person%must%file%an%affidavit%containing%his%
right%as%far%as%property%is%concerned%and%it%must%be%served%with%sheriff%and%once%it%is%complied%the%sheriff%is%not%bound%to%return%the%
property%to%the%plaintiff%and%shriff%iis%not%bound%for%whatever%damages%that%plaintiff%will%sustain.%%

JS:%Diba%the%third%person%was%able%to%prove%that%he%has%a%right%on%the%property.%Can%there%be%an%instance%that%the%plaintiff%may%still%
require%the%sheriff%to%deliver%the%property?%what%should%he%do?%%

Kim:%Give%a%bond%for%whatever%damage%the%third%person%may%sustain%he%can%require%now%the%sheriff%for%the%delivery%of%the%property.%%

JS:%It%should%be%filed%within%12o%days%from%the%time%the%property%is%claimed%by%3rd%person.%%

JS:%Thank%you%Ms.%Peque.%Ms.%Diolola.%I%think%there%is%a%10%day%period%there%what%is%the%10%day%period%on%the%part%of%the%sheriff?%Not%
ready?%DE%DIOS%EDUARD%%

JS:%After%the%sheriff%executed%the%writ%of%replevin,%what%is%his%obligation?%EDUARD:%There%must%be%return%to%the%court%within%10%days.%
JS:%How%will%the%court%render%judgment?%EDUARD:%in%Alternative.%%

JS:%What%is%this%alternative%judgment?%

%EDUARD:%It's%either%you%compel%the%defendant%to%return%the%property%or%if%return%is%not%possible%return%the%value%of%the%property.%%

JS:%What%is%support%Pendente%Lite?%Diba%you%have%taken%persons%and%family%relations%law.%This%is%just%a%review.%The%main%action%here%
is?%%

EDUARD:%Support.%%

JS:%Support%with%a%prayer%for%issuance%of%support%pendente%lite.%How%this%is%done?%

%EDUARD:%File%a%verified%application%for%issuance%of%support%pendente%lite%on%commence%of%the%action%until%before%final%judgment.%%

JS:% Diba% you% remember% attachment,% injunction% and% support% pendente% lite% has% similar% instance% when% can% be% sought% for?% at%
commencement%of%the%action%but%before%final%judgment.%In%receivership%it%can%still%be%applied%even%if%after%final%judgment%and%replevin%
before%an%answer.%Okay.%in%connection%to%your%application.%What%should%you%attached%there?%%

EDUARD:%Depositions,%affidavits%and%other%documents%which%must%be%attached%in%the%verified%application.%%

JS:%After%filing%of%verified%application.%What%should%the%court%do?%%
EDUARD:% Shall% require% the% defendant% to% submit% a% comment% which% shall% also% be% accompanied% by% affidavits,% depositions% and% other%
documents%and%should%be%submitted%5%days%from%receipt%of%the%order%and%after%filing%of%the%comment%there%must%be%a%hearing.%

%JS:%DE%DIOS%what%are%the%basis%of%the%court%to%grant%Support%pendente%lite?%

%DE%DIOS:%Financial%condition.%JS:%Is%this%support%only%to%support%given%to%children?%or%can%the%wife%also%ask%for%support?%%

DE%DIOS:%No.%The%wife%can%also%ask%for%support%under%the%family%code.%%

JS:%What%can%be%the%best%legal%ground%wherein%the%defendant%may%raise%so%he%cannot%extend%support%pendente%lite%to%the%wife?%%

DE%DIOS:%If%the%wife%committed%adultery.%%

JS:%Correct.%Now.%Clear%na%tayo%on%that.%The%court%granted%support%pendente%lite%while%the%case%for%support%was%pending.%and%it%was%
found%out%that%that%the%wife%is%not%entitled%for%support%after%the%full%blown%trial?%DE%DIOS:%restitution%plus%legal%interest.%JS:%What%is%
the%other%remedy?%%

DE%DIOS:%File%an%separate%action%the%person%who%is%supposed%to%give%legally%support.%%

JS:% In% crimes% of% seduction,% rape,% abduction.% One% of% the% orders% which% can% be% sought% for% is% support% the% offspring.% But% this% one% only%
happened%in%criminal%case.%But%this%one%can%only%be%granted%in%criminal%case%if%what?%%

DE%DIOS:%That%the%civil%action%is%not%reserved%in%the%criminal%action.%%

JS:%Thank%you%Mr.%DE%DIOS.%

Special%Civil%Action%Introduction%

Jill.%Intro%SCA%rule%62:%%

JS:%Adrales.%Can%you%just%enumerate%lang%muna.%%

Jill:%%

1.! Interpleader%
2.! Expropriation%
3.! Foreclosure%of%real%estate%mortgage%
4.! Forcible%entry%and%unlawful%detainer%
5.! Partition%
6.! Declaratory%Relief%
7.! Review%of%judgment%of%the%COMELEC/COA%
8.! Certiorari%
9.! Prohibition%
10.! Mandamus%
11.! Quo%warranto%
12.! Contempt%
%

JS:%Can%you%enumerate%special%civil%actions%which%are%commenced%by%complaint%and%by%petition.%

Jill:%Special%Civil%action%initiated%by%complaint:%

1.! Interpleader%
2.! Foreclosure%of%real%estate%mortgage%
3.! Forcible%entry%and%unlawful%detainer%
4.! Partition%
5.! Expropriation%
Special%Civil%action%initiated%by%petition:%%

1.! Declaratory%Relief%
2.! Review%of%judgment%of%the%COMELEC/COA%
3.! Certiorari%
4.! Prohibition%
5.! Mandamus%
6.! Quo%warranto%
7.! Contempt%
JS:%So%we%will%start%with%you%tom.%Interpleader%and%declaratory%relief.%%

JS:%Diba%if%you%are%married%to%a%foreigner%and%he%was%able%to%obtain%a%valid%divorce%decree%abroad%what%will%you%do%in%order%to%remarry%
in%the%Philippines?%Diba%the%law%says%that%automatically%the%Filipino%spouse%can%remarry%again.%It%is%also%applicable%to%Filipino%citizens%
who%became%an%American%citizen%and%obtain%a%foreign%divorce.%You%just%have%to%file%recognition%of%valid%divorce%but%the%Supreme%Court%
said%in%one%case%that%the%right%action%is%declaratory%relief.%You%will%know%that%tomorrow.%Thank%you.%%

Rule(62:(Interpleader(and(
Rule(63:(Declaratory(Relief(and(Similar(Remedies(
•! Which%of%these%special%civil%actions%are%commenced%by%complaint%and%by%filing%petition?%%
•! Even%in%the%first%level%courts,%they%can%actually%issue%some%of%these%special%civil%actions,%provided%that%the%amount%is%within%
the%jurisdiction%of%the%first%level%courts.%
o! Amount%for%first%level%courts%–%300,000.00%

INTERPLEADER(

What%is%an%interpleader?%%

Remedy%whereby%a%person%who%has%a%property%in%his%possession%or%has%an%obligation%to%render%wholly%or%partially,%without'claiming'
any'right'or'interest%in%both,%comes%to%court%and%asks%that%defendants%who%have%conflicting%claims%thereon%or%who%consider%themselves%
entitled% to% demand% compliance% with% the% obligation,% be% required% to% litigate% among% themselves% to% determine% who% is% entitled% to% the%
property%or%payment%or%obligation.%

Procedurally%speaking,%it%is%filed:%

X! Person%who%has%the%property%files%in%court%an%action%to%compel%the%defendants%to%prove%among%themselves%who%is%entitled;%
X! After%receipt%of%summons%together%with%complaint,%defendants%file% answer%and%serve'copies'of'their'answers'to'their'co5
defendants.% (Rationale:% Because% they% are% the% ones% who% are% going% to% prove% as% to% who% among% them% is/are% entitled% to% the%
property,%payment%or%obligation.)%
X! Motion%to%dismiss%instead%of%answer?%YES.%But%lawyers%must%observe%restraint%in%filing%MTDs.%Raise%the%grounds%for%MTD%as%
affirmative%defenses%as%per%agreement%of%the%Supreme%Court%and%the%IBP.%%
X! If%MTD%is%denied,%Fresh'Period'Rule'shall%apply%to%file%the%answer.%%

DECLARATORY(RELIEF(AND(SIMILAR(REMEDIES(

Similar%remedies:%

X! Action%to%quiet%title%
X! Action% for% the% reformation% of% an% instrument% (remedy% when% one% of% the% parties% was% led% to% believe% that% he% was% signing% a%
mortgage,%but%was%actually%a%deed%of%absolute%sale;%vitiated%consent%on%the%ground%of%mistake;%presupposes%the%contract%is%
valid%but%did%not%express%true%intent%of%parties)%
X! Action%to%consolidate%ownership%(sale%with%right%to%repurchase)%

Requisites%of%an%action%for%declaratory%relief:%

X! Subject% matter:% must% be% a% deed,% will,% contract% or% any% written% instrument;% or% statute,% executive% order% or% regulation,% or%
ordinance;%
 X! Terms%of%said%documents%and%the%validity%thereof%are%doubtful%&%require%judicial%construction;%
X! No%other%available%relief%which%may%be%resorted%to;%
X! No% breach% of% the% document% in% question% –% no' violation' has' been' committed' yet.% (If% there% was% a% violation% committed,%
declaratory%relief%is%no%longer%proper.%It%shall%be%converted%to%an%ordinary%civil%action.)%EMPHASIZED%OVER%&%OVER%AGAIN.%%
X! Ripe%for%judicial%determination%–%“ripening%seeds”%of%the%particular%controversy%

Actions%or%instances%which%will%give%rise%to%filing%of%an%action%for%declaratory%relief:%(Section%1)%

X! Any%person%interested%in%a%contract,%will,%deed%or%other%written%instrument%
X! Rights%are%affected%by%a%statute,%executive%order%or%regulation,%or%ordinance,%or%any%other%governmental%regulation%%

The%Supreme%Court%said%in%one%case%that%if%you%want%to%remarry,%because%your%foreign%husband%has%already%filed%a%divorce%abroad,%the%
proper%remedy%is%DECLARATORY(RELIEF.%

Issue%in%declaratory%relief:%Validity%and%construction%of%the%document%involved.%

Entry%or%notice%on%the%Solicitor%General:%

X! Special%civil%action%involves%the%validity%or%construction%of%a%statute,%EO,%or%any%governmental%regulation;%
X! Ordinance:%corresponding%prosecutor%or%attorney%of%the%local%government%unit%involved%shall%be%similarly%notified%&%entitled%
to%be%heard.%If'such'ordinance'is'alleged'to'be'unconstitutional,%SG%shall%be%notified%and%entitled%to%be%heard.%(Section%4)%%

Court%action%is%discretionary.%%

X! Court% may% refuse% to% exercise% the% power% to% declare% rights% &% construe% instruments% in% any% case% where% a% decision% would% not%
terminate%the%uncertainty%or%controversy%which%gave%rise%to%the%action,%or%in%any%case%where%the%declaration%or%construction%is%
not%necessary%or%proper.%%

Rule(64:((Review(of(Judgments(and(Final(Orders(or(Resolutions(of(the(ComElec(and(COA(

*Rule%64%applies%only%to%final%decisions%of%COA%and%COMELEC%because%as%far%as%CSC%is%concerned,%reviews%in%court%of%appeals,%Petition(
for(review(under(rule(43(is(applied.%It%is%included%in%quasiXjudicial%bodies.%
%
*%The%review%here%is%by%means%of%petition(for(certiorari(under(rule(65%to%the%Supreme%Court.%
%
*period%for%filing%is%30%days%from%except%of%the%decision%of%said%agency.%Neypes%rule%Applies%in%this%rule.%
%
*how%many%copies?%%Ans.%same%rules%are%applied%in%rule%42,43,45%and%64%in%terms%of%number%of%copies%served.%
1.%it%must%be%verified%
2.%attached%original%copy%and%17%other%copies%making%it%18%copies.%Certified%true%copy%must%be%certified%by%the%clerk%of%court%of%the%
court%which%rendered%the%decision,%in%this%case%the%COC%of%Coa%or%Comelec.%
3.%%material%data%rule%
4.%Affidavit%of%nonXforum%shopping%
5.%payment%of%docket%or%other%lawful%fees%
6.%proof%of%service%to%the%party%(%defendants%and%to%the%court%included)%
%
*%Unlike%petition%for%review%under%rule%45,%rule%65%is%an%INDEPENDENT%ACTION%in%itself.%
*%Unlike%rule%45,%it’s%an%appeal%from%the%decision%of%the%lower%court.%%
*%If%the%court%finds%out%that%there%is%merit%in%your%petition,%the%court%will%file%his%comment%in%18%copies.%Attach%docket%fees,%the%same%
as%filing%a%petition.%
Aside%from%the%fact%the%petition%did%not%comply%with%the%requirements%enumerated,%what%other%grounds%may%warrant%an%outright%
dismissal%of%the%petition%under%rule%64?%
Ans.%1.%%Failure%to%comply%with%the%enumerated%requisites%above.%
1.! the%petition%is%only%filed%for%delay%
2.! the%petition%is%unsubstantial%to%warrant%for%proceedings.%
Case%is%dismissed%on%a%minute%resolution%if%it%fails%to%comply.%
%
Will%it%prevent%execution%of%judgment%if%the%court%finds%out%that%the%petition%is%with%merit%under%rule%65?%
Ans.%No.%it%will%stay%the%decision%not%unless%the%SC%say%so.%They%will%do%the%stay%of%decision%by%means%of%issuance%of%TRO.%
Is%a%reply%required%here?%%XX%not%a%mandatory%requirement%
What%is%one%mandatory%requirement%before%you%can%petion%on%certiorari%under%rule%65?%
XXthere%must%be%a%filing%first%of%motion%for%Reconsideratoin%to%give%the%court%or%quasi%agency%conderned%a%chance%to%correct%its%error.%It%
is%not%a%mnadtory%under%rule%45.%%
%
%
RULE(66"QUO(WARRANTO%

Q:%Quo%warranto%is%a%remedy%to%what?%%

A:%It%is%a%remedy%by%the%court%to%try%disputes%involving%the%right%to%office.%In%the%case%cited%by%Regalado,%ruled%that%if%there%are%no%
disputes%whatsoever%as%far%as%that%particular%position%is%concerned%but%another%person%actually%claims%a%right%to%that%particular%office,%
then%the%remedy%is%not%quo%warranto%but%rather%Mandamus%under%Rule%65%of%the%1997,%Rules%on%Civil%Procedure.%%

1.%Be%that%as%it%may%Quo%warranto%is%available%in%3%grounds%as%provided%for%in%Section%1%of%Rule%66.%

a.%against%a%person%who%usurps%or%induces%into%office;%

b.%against%a%public%officer%who%commits%an%act%which%constitutes%a%forfeiture%of%his%office;%and%%

c.%an%association%in%the%Philippines%which%is%announced%as%such%but%is%not%legally%incorporated%(applies%to%deXfacto%corporation—a%
corporation%which%did%not%fully%comply%with%the%requisites%for%incorporation,%under%the%Corporation%Code%of%the%Philippines.%And%under%
the% said% law,% you% are% not% allowed% to% attack% the% existence% of% a% corporation% collaterally% ,% what% you% will% do% is% file% a% quo% warranto%
proceedings%questioning%that%corporation%as%a%deXfacto%corporation%through%a%Petition%for%quo%warranto)%

2.%Quo%warranto%distinguished%from%election%protest.%%

In%quo%warranto%proceedings%the%applicant%is%disqualified%from%holding%the%office%by%reason%of%ineligibility%or%disloyalty%while%in%election%
contests,%there%has%been%irregularity%in%the%conduct%of%the%election%that’s%why%you%resort%to%election%protest.%%

In%quo%warranto,%the%respondent%will%be%ousted%but%then%the%petitioner%will%not%resume%the%position%of%the%respondent.%In%election%
protest,%if%the%respondent%is%indeed%ousted%the%petitioner%is%placed%in%that%same%position.%%

3.%Quo%warranto%proceeding%involving%an%elective%office%distinguished%from%quo%warranto%proceeding%involving%an%appointive%office%

In% Quo% warranto% proceeding% involving% an% elective% office,% the% issue% is% the% eligibility% of% the% respondent% to% hold% office% while% in% quo%
warranto%proceeding%involving%an%appointive%office,%the%issue%is%the%validity%of%the%appointment%of%that%particular%person%subject%of%
that%quo%warranto%proceeding.%

When%the%petitioner%in%a%quo%warranto%proceeding%in%an%elective%position%won%in%the%case,%and%the%respondent%who%was%declared%
ineligible%in%elective%position%was%ordered%to%vacate%said%position,%the%petitioner%does%not%resume%the%position%vacated.%In%an%appointive%
position,%if%it%turns%out%that%the%appointment%is%not%valid,%then%the%petitioner%there%can%be%placed%into%that%particular%position.%%

So%that%in%reference%to%that%particular%concept,%as%a%general%rule,%the%only%person%who%can%file%a%quo%warranto%proceeding%will%be%the%
Government%through%the%Office%of%the%Solicitor%General%or%the%public%prosecutor’s%office%questioning%particularly%when%it%comes%to%
elective%position.%Except%in%quo%warranto%proceeding%involving%an%appointive%position%wherein%any%person%or%individual%claims%a%better%
right%to%that%particular%position%so%under%the%law%he%is%allowed%to%file%a%quo%warranto%proceeding%against%the%one%who%is%actually%sitting%
in%that%position%which%he%claimed%to%be%rightfully%his.%

4.%What%is%the%period%for%the%filing%of%a%quo%warranto%proceeding?%%

A:%1%year%after%the%cause%which%gave%rise%to%the%filing%of%the%quo%warranto%proceedings.%If%it%turns%out%that%you%are%indeed%entitled%to%
that%particular%office,%there%can%also%another%claim%for%damages%against%the%one%in%possession%of%that%particular%office%which%is%actually%
belongs%to%you%which%also%is%to%be%filed%within%1%year%otherwise%the%cause%of%action%has%already%prescribed.%%
5.%Case%of%Cristobal%vs.%Melchor?%%%%%

GR:%1year%period%is%mandatory,%so%failure%to%file%a%quo%warranto%proceeding%and%claim%for%damages%arising%out%of%that%particular%cause%
of%action,%which%will%give%rise%to%the%filing%of%that%quo%warranto%proceeding,%his%right%to%file%and%question%the%same%is%already%prescribed.%

XPN:%SC%allowed%the%filing%of%the%quo%warranto%proceeding%even%beyond%the%1%year%mandatory%period%for%filing%such,%(Cristobal%vs.%
Melchor)%on%the%basis%of%equitable%consideration%because,%petitioner%in%this%case%did%not%join%the%other%petitioners%because%he%was%
promised%of%reinstatement%from%the%very%start,%believing%all%alone%in%that%promise,%he%did%not%join%the%other%petitioners%who%were%
actually%later%reinstated.%It%took%him%time%to%actually%file%the%quo%warranto%proceeding%and%claim%for%damages,%and%the%SC%allowed%him%
based%on%the%principle%of%EQUITABLE%CONSIDERATION.%%

6.%Aside%from%filing%by%the%SolGen,%or%public%prosecutor,%or%the%individual%claiming%the%right%over%the%position,%who%else%may%file%the%
petition%Quo%warranto%Proceeding?%%

A:%Upon%request%of%another%person%towards%the%Solicitor%General%and%the%Public%Prosecutors%Office,%even%without%the%consent%of%the%
Republic%of%the%Philippines.%%

7.%What%will%happen%after%the%filing%of%the%quo%warranto%proceeding?%%

A:%Petition%should%be%verified,%there%must%be%a%hearing%as%part%of%due%process,%and%in%connection%with%the%hearing,%there%must%be%notice%
to%the%respondent%(the%period%not%provided%however%it%depends%on%the%period%granted%to%them%by%the%Court)%,%then%they%must%be%
served%with%summons%attaching%therewith%the%complaint%and%the%petition.%The%respondent%is%given%15%days%to%file%his%answer.%%

8.%%If%it%turns%out%that%the%petitioner%won%in%the%case%the%respondent%can%be%ordered%likewise%to%turnover%books,%documents%in%his%
possession,%and%if%turns%out%that%he%does%not%comply%with%this%particular%order,%the%Court%may%declare%him%in%contempt%of%Court.%%

For%purposes%of%your%brain%damaging%final%examination,%please%take%consideration%whether%in%the%question,%I%am%referring%to%a%quo%
warranto%proceeding%involving%an%elective%position%(filed%only%by%the%Office%of%the%SolGen%by%virtue%of%the%authority%granted%to%them%
by% law)% or% quo% warranto% proceeding% in% an% appointive% position% (filed% by% and% private% individual% claiming% a% right% over% that% particular%
appointive%office).%%

9.%Very%important—don’t%presume%that%you%know.%Where%can%you%file%a%coXwarranto%proceeding?%%

A:%% Jurisdiction% is% concurrent% with%the% SC,% CA% or% the%RTC%exercising%territorial% jurisdiction%where%the%petitioner% is%actually% residing.%
ALWAYS%Observe%the%hierarchy%of%Courts.%RTC"CA"SC%

RULE(67"EXPROPRIATION(

Is%expropriation%a%right?%Or%a%power?%%

A:% Expropriation% is% a% right,% the% power% is% the% Eminent% Domain% (one% of% the% inherent% powers% of% the% Government).% Another% term% for%
expropriation,%in%the%US%may%also%be%used%in%the%Philippines—CONDEMNATION%proceedings.%%

1.%If%the%National%Government%or%a%Local%government%wants%to%expropriate%a%private%land,%how%will%the%Government%go%about%the%
process%of%expropriation?%

A:%The%Gov’t%should%file%a%verified%petition%in%the%place%where%the%property%is%situated%(containing%the%particular%description%of%the%
property%sought%to%be%expropriated%and%also%particularly%describe%the%ground%or%reason%for%the%expropriation,%why%it%is%resorted%to).%%%

2.%When%the%verified%petition%for%expropriation%was%filed%in%the%RTC%where%the%property%sought%to%be%expropriated%is%located,%is%it%
necessary%that%the%applicant%petitioner%must%deposit%an%amount%equivalent%to%the%value%as%provided%for%by%the%court?%%

A:%YES.%(10%)%gin%correct%na%niya%next%day%which%is%15%%of%the%assessed%value%of%the%property%sought%to%be%expropriated.%Take%note:%If%
the%local%government%is%exercising%its%right%to%expropriation,%there%must%be%an%Ordinance%authorizing%the%Mayor%to%file%a%petition%for%
expropriation%proceedings%otherwise%the%proceedings%may%be%dismissed%right%away.%%
Is%it%the%same%when%the%expropriation%proceeding%is%filed%by%the%National%Government?%%

A:%No.%In%the%case%of%Republic%of%the%Philippine%vs.%Piatco(?)%The%reason%why%a%deposit%(15%)%has%to%be%made%with%any%Government%
Depository%Bank%which%is%usually%the%Landbank%is%for%the%petitioner%to%acquire%the%Right%to%Enter%Possession%of%the%property%sought%to%
be%expropriated.%In%filing%by%the%National%Government,%the%deposit%required%is%not%only%15%%of%the%assessed%value%of%the%property%
sought%to%be%expropriated%but%the%total%value%of%that%property%too%enter%possession.%(Republic%of%the%Philippines%vs.%Piatco(?)%%

3.% If% the% verified% petition% complied% with% all% the% requirement% is% now% filed,% attached% therewith% a% proof% that% you% have% deposited% the%
required%15%%of%the%assessed%value%for%local%government%or%the%total%value%of%the%property%sought%to%be%expropriated%for%National%
Government,%with%the%Government%Depository%Bank,%and%the%Government%wants%to%enter%possession%right%away,%what%should%the%
Government%do?%%

A:%A%motion%for%the%Issuance%of%Writ%of%Possession%should%be%filed%and%as%long%as%the%petitioner%has%complied%with%the%required%deposit,%
it%is%already%ministerial%duty%of%the%court%to%issue%a%writ%of%possession%for%the%petitionerXapplicant%can%enter%possession%of%the%property%
sought% to% be% expropriated.% But% even% it% is% ministerial% on% the% part% of% the% Court% to% grant% the% motion% for% the% issuance% of% the% Writ% of%
Possession,%there%is%a%required%Notice%to%the%Defendant.%That’s%why%you%do%that%by%motion%and%copy%furnish%the%property%owner%of%the%
property%sought%to%be%expropriated%for%the%issuance%of%the%Writ%of%Possession.%%

4.%Expropriation%is%an%example%of%a%case%which%is%a%kind%of%a%Multiple%Appeals.%Aside%from%filing%a%Notice%of%Appeal%and%payment%of%
appeal%fees%(in%cases%of%ordinary%appeal),%there%must%also%be%Record%on%Appeal%and%file%it%within%30%days.%Therefore%when%you%want%to%
appeal%the%decision%of%the%RTC,%you%must%file%a%notice%of%appeal,%payment%of%the%appeal%fees%as%well%as%the%filing%of%the%Record%on%
Appeal%within%30%days%from%the%time%you%received%a%copy%of%the%questioned%decision.%%

5.%What%can%be%appealed%in%expropriation%proceedings?%What%can%be%subjected%to%appeal?%What%can%be%appealed%here?%%

A:%Orders%of%the%court%which%could%be%a%subject%of%multiple%appeal:%a)%order%of%the%court%whether%the%applicantXpetitioner%is%indeed%
entitled%to%expropriate%the%property,%and%%b)%order%of%the%court%on%Just%Compensation%%%

Note:% The% matter% of% determining% of% Just% Compensation% is% a% matter% of% judicial% prerogative% that’s% why% there% is% a% need% to% assign%
commissioner.%(Epsa%vs.%Dulay(?))%

Continuation(Rule(67….(And(

(Rule(68:(Foreclosure(of(Real(Estate(Mortgage(

JS:% In% connection% with% our% discussion% last% night% the% power% of% Local% Government% to% expropriate% is% governed% by% sec.% 19% of% Local%
government%code%and%the%deposit%shall%be%15%%not%10%%and%there%must%be%an%order%granting%the%chief%executive%to%expropriate%and%
100%%for%National%government%pursuant%to%the%case%of%Epsa%vs%Dulay.%So%the%purpose%of%the%deposit%is%for%the%plaintiff%to%enter%into%
the%possession%of%the%property%subject%for%expropriation%and%if%they%already%entered%the%possession%they%have%the%right%to%retain%the%
property.% As% long% as% the% petitioner% complied% with% the% deposit% it% becomes% ministerial% on% part% of% the% court% to% grant% the% motion% for%
issuance%of%writ%of%possession.%

Diolola.%What%will%the%rule%if%they%enter%into%possession.%Diba%you%will%just%notify%the%court.%If%there%is%an%objection?%%

Diolola:%If%there%is%no%objection%the%defendant%from%the%receipt%of%summons%he%must%file%manifestation%to%the%court.%If%there%is%none%
defendant%must%file%an%answer.%%
JS:%The%court%will%determine%if%the%petitioner%has%the%right%to%expropriate%and%issue%an%order%granting%the%expropriation.%And%the%order%
is%appealable%and%even%if%there%is%an%appeal%it%will%not%prevent%the%court%from%continuing%the%case.%And%that%will%be?%%

Diolola:%appointment%of%not%more%than%3%commissioner.%

JS:%For%the%purpose%of?%

Diolola:%to%determine%how%much%is%the%just%compensation%on%property%sought%to%be%expropriated.%

JS:%And%in%determining%the%just%compensation?%What%factor%is%considered?%The%decree%regarding%the%value%declared%by%assessor%and%
value% declared% by% the% owner% what% ever% is% lower% will% be% the% basis% of% just% compensation% is% declared% null% and% void% because% just%
compensation%is%a%matter%of%judicial%discretion.%So%what%are%the%factors%in%determining%just%compensation?%%

Diolola:%Assessed%value%+%consequential%damages%–%Consequential%benefits%

JS:%and%the%commissioner%are%required%to%submit%what?%

Diolola:%report%

JS:%Yes.%Because%upon%submitting%the%report%by%the%commission%it%will%help%the%court%in%determining%the%just%compensation.%Okay%this%
order%of%the%court%is%likewise%appealable.%What%wil%happen%if%the%decision%of%the%lower%court%granting%the%expropriation%be%reversed%by%
appellate%court?%%

Diolola:%There%is%restoration%plus%payment%of%damages.%

JS:%What%about%if%affirmed%by%appellate%court?%

Diolola:%they%will%now%enter%the%possession%of%property%or%if%there%is%already%an%entry%they%will%have%the%right%to%retain%the%property.%%

JS:%That%winds%up%expropriation.%%Take%note%that%in%expropriation%there%can%be%multiple%appeals.%And%the%orders%that%can%be%appealed%
are%the%order%granting%expropriation%and%the%order%granting%just%compensation.%%

Travieza%Dennis!%This%rule%on%foreclosure%of%mortgage.%Listen%ha!%Diba%your%taking%credit%transaction.%This%rule%refers%to%what%kind%of%
foreclosure?%

Pastor:%JUDICIAL%FORCLOSURE.%

JS:%So%we%are%talking%here%real%estate%mortgage%and%it%will%apply%only%to%judicial%foreclosure%and%extrajudicial%foreclosure%is%governed%
by%credit%transaction%and%governed%by%the%provisions%of%republic%act%3135.%But%anyway%I%will%give%you%more%explanation.%She%is%my%
student%in%UP%and%she%is%a%good%student%100%%sure.%%

Now.%So%that%you%can%resort%to%extrajudicial%foreclosure%what%is%the%requirement?%%

What%did%atty.%Mari%tell%you?%The%major%requirement.%The%most%important%requirement?%

You%must%specify%in%your%stipulations%that%in%case%of%nonXpayment%or%breach%of%condition%extrajudicial%foreclosure%shall%be%resorted%to%
pursuant%to%RA%3135.%Non%inclusion%in%the%stipulation%you%cannot%resort%to%extrajudicial%foreclosure.%%

JS:%Now.%Okay.%Itong%real%estate%mortgage%is%just%one%of%the%remedy%which%can%be%resorted?%What%is%the%usual%ground%so%it%can%be%
resorted?%%

Pastor:%Non%payment%of%loan.%

JS:%is%it%only%nonXpayment%of%the%loan%which%will%warrant%extrajudicial%or%judicial%foreclosure?%%

Is%it%always%the%case?%

Pastor:%Yes.%
JS:%Yes.%Usually%it%is%nonXpayment%because%it%is%a%collateral%for%the%loan.%But%there%are%instances%where%you%can%resort%to%foreclosure%if%
there%is%a%violation%of%the%condition%of%the%real%estate%mortgage.%

JS:%These%are%options.%Its%either%you%can%file%claim%for%money%or%resort%to%foreclosure.%What%will%happen%daw%if%the%mortgagor%creditor%
opted%to%file%for%collection%of%sum%of%money%but%unfortunately%he%was%unsuccessful%and%then%he%resorted%to%foreclosure?%Is%it%allowed?%%

Pastor:%No.%

JS:%Yes.%It%is%not%allowed%because%the%filing%of%collection%of%sum%of%money%means%a%waiver%of%your%right%to%resort%to%foreclosure.%Take%
note%of%that.%If%you%become%a%lawyer%resort%to%foreclosure.%%

Clear?%%

You%file%a%verified%petition?%Where?%%

Pastor:%RTC.%

JS:%RTC%of%what%city?%%

Pastor:%RTC%where%the%property%is%located.%%

JS:%I%love%that!%Mr.%Travieza%can%still%remember%our%discussion%on%venue.%%

JS:%How%about%if%the%mortgage%is%located%in%several%location%or%different%city%or%municipality.%%

Pastor:%You%can%file%in%any%RTC%where%the%property%is%situated.%%

JS:%So%you%have%an%option%where%to%file%anywhere%where%the%land%is%situated.%%

JS:%what%should%be%included.%You%have%to%aver%the%acts%that%constitute%cause%of%action%if%you%want%to%resort%to%judicial%foreclosure%of%
real%estate%mortgage.%%

I’m%taking%on%important%matters.%So%who%should%be%included%as%respondent?%%

Pastor:%owners%and%those%in%actual%possession%and%persons%interested%to%the%property.%

JS:%Is%this%foreclosure%petition%or%complaint?%%

Pastor:%complaint.%

JS:%are%you%sure?%Diba%we%enumerated%that%when%we%started%special%civil%actions.%Why?%Because%there%is%a%difference%like%the%name%of%
the%parties%and%etc.%Take%note%nalang%of%that%ha!%

JS:% Foreclosure% of% mortgage% also% allowed% multiple% appeals.% Diba% in% expropriation% it% is% the% order% granting% expropriation% and% order%
granting%the%just%compensation.%In%judicial%foreclosure%what%can%be%appealed?%Just%like%expropriation%30%days%to%appeal%there%must%
always%be%record%on%appeal%+%payment%of%appeal%fees.%What%can%be%appealed%in%judicial%foreclosure?%What%orders?%

Pastor:%Order%of…….%

JS:%okay.%It’s%in%the%book%of%regalado%tama%ba?%Mr.%Josol%tama%ba?%Ms.%Varona?%%

And%the%first%of%course%is?%The%order%granting%the%foreclosure.%What%else?%

Pastor.%Order%granting%confirmation%of%sale.%%

JS:%what%else?%The%order%of%sale%of%deficiency.%%

Okay%now!%We%presumed%that%after%we%comply%with%the%proceeding.%If%the%court%grants%the%foreclosure%what%will%happen?%What%is%the%
next%step?%
Pastor:%property%shall%be%sold%to%public%auction.%

JS:%the%property%shall%be%sold%to%public%auction%and%it%will%go%to%the%highest%bidder%and%if%there%is%no%bidder%it%will%go%to%mortgagee%
creditor.%In%case%of%nonXpayment%ownership%automatically%transfer%to%the%creditor?%Is%it%a%valid%stipulation?%%

Pastor:%No.%%

JS:%What%do%you%call%that?%%Pactum%Commisorrium.%It%is%an%invalid%stipulation%that’s%why%there%is%a%public%auction.%Diba%the%confirmation%
come%in%last%stage%na%yan.%My%next%question%is?%Is%there%a%legal%redemption?%Yes%or%No?%%

Pastor:%N0%

JS:%What%do%we%have%in%judicial%foreclosure%is?%%

Pastor:…….%

JS:%EQUITY%of%REDEMPTION.%When%there%can%be%legal%redemption%and%equity%redemption?%In%case%mortgage%in%bank%and%quasiXbanking%
institution.%

Legal% redemption% is% only% allowed% in% extrajudicial% foreclosure% of% mortgage% and% it% is% 1yr% from% registration% of% sale% in% the% registry% of%
property%where%the%property%is%located.%%

In%judicial%foreclosure%it%is%Equity%of%redemption.%Except%if%mortgage%Bank%and%QuasiXbanking%institution%and%allowed%legal%and%equity%
of%redemption.%%

When%can%the%mortgagor%debtor%exercise%the%equity%of%redemption?%Pactum%commissorium%and%TXPO(Diri%ak%sure%hahahahaahha)%are%
not%valid%stipulation.%TXPO%an%stipulation%that%if%the%property%will%be%sold%at%public%auction%it%will%only%be%sold%to%a%particular%person.%%

Now.%If%you%can%answer%Mr.%travieza%you%will%be%exempted%in%the%finals.%But%I%only%count%1X5.%Where%can%the%mortgagor%debtor%exercise%
equity%of%redemption?%%

Travieza:%It%can%be%done%before%confirmation%of%certificate%of%sale.%

JS:%The%question%is%there%is%a%period.%I%will%give%you%a%choice.%90,%60,%120.%

Pastor:%90.%%

JS:%But%within%120%it%can%be%extended%as%long%as%it%is%done%before%the%confirmation%of%certificate%of%sale.%Question?%When%will%you%
commence%counting%the%90%to%120%day%period?%

I%will%allow%you%to%read.%I’m%very%kind.%You%know%what%teachers%would%be%active%practicing%lawyers%and%judges.%%

Pastor:%reeeeeeaaaaaaaaading……….%(Section%2)%

Thank%you%Mr.%Travieza!%Pastor.%%

Take%note%ha!%Legal%redemption%1%yr%from%%date%of%registration%of%certificate%of%sale%of%the%office%of%the%registry%of%deeds%of%where%the%
property%is%located.%And%take%note%about%the%foreclosure%of%mortgage%on%banks%and%other%quasi%banking%it%is%allowed%to%have%legal%
redemption%and%equity%of%redemption.%So%if%he%did%not%avail%of%equity%of%redemption%he%can%still%avail%legal%redemption%within%the%1%yr%
period.%Thank%you%Mr.%travieza!s%

CONTINUATION(RULE(68…….(

Rule(68:(Foreclosure(of(Real(Estate(Mortgage(
Foreclosure%of%Real%Estate%Mortgage%
 •! Extrajudicial%Foreclosure%–%must%have%a%stipulation%that%in%case%of%non%payment,%extrajudicial%foreclosure%of%mortgage%must%
be%resorted%to%otherwise%only%judicial%foreclosure%is%allowed.%
•! Legal%Redemption%–%only%available%in%extrajudicial%foreclosure%of%mortgage%
•! Equity%of%Redemption%–%available%only%in%judicial%foreclosure%of%mortgage%except%in%the%instances%where%the%law%allows%or%
grants%both%equity%of%and%legal%redemption%in%cases%of%loans%made%to%Banks%and%Quasi%Banking%Institutions%
•! The%period%for%exercise%of%Equity%of%Redemption%may%be%extended%as%long%as%it%is%done%before%the%confirmation%of%the%sale,%90%
–%120%days%where%he%can%pay%off%the%amount%plus%interests.%
nd
•! For%the%parties%who%should%be%included,%when%filing%a%petition%for%judicial%foreclosure%of%mortgage,%it%must%include%the%2 %
mortgagee%or%the%junior%encumbrancer%if%there%were%subsequent%mortgages%made%using%the%same%property.%
•! %Foreclosure%sale%becomes%automatic%and%does%not%require%a%motion%to%be%filed%in%cases%when%the%mortgagerXdebtor%cannot%
pay%off%the%debt.%%
•! However,% after% foreclosure% sale% is% done% in% public% auction,% there% is% a% need% for% the% court% to% confirm% the% sale.% This% % order%
confirming%the%sale%is%an%appealable%order.%
•! MortgageeXCreditor% must% file% a% motion% to% set% hearing% on% his% prayer% to% confirm% the% sale.% There% must% be% a% notice% to% the%
mortgagorXdebtor% to% give% him% opportunity% to% question% the% foreclosure% sale% such% as% when% the% proper% procedure% was% not%
followed%or%the%price%was%not%adequate.%
•! If%the%amount%of%the%proceeds%of%the%sale%is%not%sufficient%to%pay%off%the%liability%of%the%mortgagorXdebtor,%recovery%of%deficiency%
judgment%is%allowed%except%if%there%is%a%third%party%involved%who%was%the%one%who%secured%the%mortgage%of%the%debtor%%and%
in%case%of%a%deceased%mortgagor%%
•! In%foreclosure%sale,%it%includes%both%real%and%personal.%
•! Where%personal%property%is%mortgaged%and%mortgageeXcreditor%opts%the%third%of%the%three%remedies%that%is%Demand%that%the%
buyer% pay% (a.k.a.% specific% performance),% Cancel% or% rescind% the% sale% ,Foreclose% the% mortgage% on% the% property% bought% he% is%
precluded%from%recovering%any%deficiency%judgment%and%any%stipulation%between%the%parties%in%violation%of%that%is%considered%
null%and%void.%%This%is%known%as%the%Recto%Law!!%
•! After%the%equity%of%redemption%has%already%expired%and%there%was%no%redemption%on%the%part%of%the%mortgagorXdebtor%under%
the%law%the%sale%which%was%confirmed%by%the%court%for%which%a%final%sale%shall%be%issued%it%shall%be%registered%with%the%register%
of%deeds%of%the%city%or%province%where%the%property%is%located%
•! Registration%is%important%because%it%is%the%basis%for%the%transfer%of%title,%because%after%such%a%new%title%will%be%issued%in%favour%
of%the%mortgageeXcreditor%and%the%previous%title%will%be%cancelled.%
%
Rule((69:(Partition(
%
% Partition%
•! One%common%feature%between%expropriation%and%partition%is%that%appointment%of%commissioners%is%mandatory%
•! A%case%for%partition%is%filed%where%any%of%the%property%or%portion%thereof%is%situated%(it’s%a%real%action)%
•! This%also%allows%multiple%appeals.%Orders%that%may%be%appealed%are%(very%noisy,%indistinct,%diri%naiintindihan,%I%am%so%sorry)%%
the%order%confirming%partition%after%submission%of%the%report%of%the%commissioners%,%ownership%issue%already%passed%upon%by%
the%court%
•! After% trial% % the% parties% may% agree% to% make% the% partition% among% themselves.% The% parties% are% encouraged% by% the% court% to%
partition%among%themselves%
•! If%they%do%not%agree%among%themselves%the%court%now%will%appoint%not%more%than%three%commissioners%who%will%make%the%
partition,% visit% and% conduct% an% ocular% inspection% of% the% property% subject% to% partition% and% then% submit% a% report.% After%
submission%of%report,%the%clerk%of%court%shall%serve%copies%of%the%report%to%the%interested%parties%with%notice%that%they%are%
allowed%ten%(10)%days%within%which%to%file%objections%
•! After%the%lapse%of%the%10%day%period%or%even%before%expiration%but%after%the%parties%filed%their%objections%the%court%may%confirm%
the%report%and%render%judgment,%reject%it%or%assign%new%commissioners%%
•! After% the% said% confirmation% of% the% court,% it% may% render% judgment% based% on% said% report% and% the% actual% partition% shall% be%
registered%before%the%register%of%deeds%in%the%province%or%city%where%it%is%located.%
%
%
Rule%70%UNLAWFUL%DETAINER%(UD)%&%FORCIBLE%ENTRY%(FE)%
%
Q:Forcible%entry%how%committed?%
A:when%a%person%deprived%of%the%possession%of%any%land%or%building%by%force,%intimidation,%threat,%strategy,%or%stealth,%
%
Q:unlawful%detainer%how%committed?%
A:when%a%lessor,%vendor,%vendee,%or%other%person%against%whom%the%possession%of%any%land%or%building%is%unlawfully%withheld%after%the%
expiration%or%termination%of%the%right%to%hold%possession,%by%virtue%of%any%contract,%express%or%implied,%or%the%legal%representatives%or%
assigns%of%any%such%lessor,%vendor,%vendee,%or%other%person.%
%
Q:%what%is%the%Principal%issue?%
A:%mere%physical%possession%
%
Q:can%the%first%level%courts%treat%an%issue%of%ownership%
A:yes,%in%cases%of%UD%&%FE%it%can%treat%an%issue%of%ownership%as%an%incident%but%only%for%the%purpose%of%making%a%decision%on%possession.%
Ex.%In%UD%and%FE%the%plaintiff%may%present%in%court%his%tittle%to%the%property%to%prove%that%he%was%also%in%physical%possession%of%the%
property.%
%
Q:%prescriptive%period?%
A:%within%1year%
%
Q:when%shall%the%prescriptive%period%commence?%
A:%In%forcible%entry,%the%oneXyear%period%is%generally%counted%from%the%date%of%actual%entry%on%the%land;%OR%from%the%knowledge%of%
FISTS.%
%%%%%in%unlawful%detainer,%from%the%date%of%last%demand.%
%%%%%The%demand%is%considered%jurisdictional%in%nature%and%must%be%alleged%in%the%complaint%
Requirements%as%part%of%the%demand%
1.%Failure%of%the%defendant%to%pay%or%comply%with%the%condition%of%the%lease%
2.%Failure%to%vacate%
Not%alleging%this%requirements%in%the%demand,%the%court%can%dismiss%the%case%of%UD.%
%
Q:What%are%the%exceptions%where%demand%is%not%required?%
A:1)%where%the%purpose%of%the%action%is%to%terminate%the%lease%by%reason%of%the%expiry%of%its%term%and%is%not%for%failure%to%pay%rentals%
or%comply%with%the%terms%of%the%lease%contract%(De%Santos%vs.%Vivas,%96%Phil.%538);%%
(2)%when%the%purpose%of%the%suit%is%not%for%ejectment%but%for%the%enforcement%of%the%terms%of%the%contract%(Guanson%vs.%Ban,%77%Phil.%
7);%or%%
(3)%when%the%defendant%is%not%a%tenant%but%a%mere%intruder.%%
%
Q:In%UD%do%you%have%to%prove%that%you%are%in%prior%possession?%
A:%NO%
%
Q:%in%FE?%
A:%YES%must%prove%the%prior%possession%of%the%property.%
%
Note:%UD%CAN%ALSO%BE%BASED%ON%THE%ENTRY%OF%THE%DEFENDANT%BY%TOLERANCE%
Requisites%(%CANLAS%CASE)%

(1)%initially,%possession%of%property%by%the%defendant%was%by%contract%with%or%by%tolerance%of%the%plaintiff;%

(2)% eventually,% such% possession% became% illegal% upon% notice% by% plaintiff% to% defendant% of% the% termination% of% the% latter's% right% of%
possession;%

(3)%thereafter,%the%defendant%remained%in%possession%of%the%property%and%deprived%the%plaintiff%of%the%enjoyment%thereof;%and%

(4)%within%one%year%from%the%last%demand%on%defendant%to%vacate%the%property,%the%plaintiff%instituted%the%complaint%for%ejectment.%
%

Period(to(pay(rentals(

1.%Parcel%of%landX%5%days%to%vacate%2.%BuildingsX%15%days%to%vacate%

UD%and%FE%governed%by%the%rules%on%summary%procedure.%

Q:The%Court,%aside%from%awarding%the%rentals,%attorney's%fees,%also%awarded%the%moral%and%exemplary%damages%is%the%court%correct?%

A:%no,%UD%&%FE%cases%can%only%grant%back%rentals%and%attorney's%fees.%

Q:%will%the%appeal%prevent/stay%the%execution?%

A:%if%it%is%immediately%executory,%but%you%want%to%stay%the%execution%because%of%your%appeal%it%must%follow%the%requisites%1.%Post%a%
supersidious%bond%to%the%RTC%2.%Must%also%pay%the%rental%monthly.%

Q:%how%much%is%the%supersidious%bond?%

A:%must%corresponds%to%the%rental.%

Q:%you%lost%again%in%the%RTC%what%will%you%do?%What%is%your%remedy?%

A:%file%a%petition%for%certiorari%under%rule%42%

Q:%upon%motion%of%the%plaintiff%in%spite%of%the%pendency%of%the%petition%for%certiorari%under%rule%42%the%MTC%granted%the%execution%and%
the% defendant% objected% by% saying% "I% have% a% pending% petition% for% review% and% I% posted% a% supersidious% bond,% I% have% paid% the% rentals%
monthly,%is%the%judge%correct%for%granting%the%motion%for%execution?%

A:%YES,%because%it%is%only%when%you%apply%in%the%RTC%that%the%bond%is%applicable.%

Q:%in%FE%and%UD%the%plaintiff%wants%immediate%possession%of%the%property%in%question%while%the%case%is%pending,%what%must%the%plaintiff%
do?%

A:file%a%motion%to%issue%a%writ%of%preliminary%mandatory%injunction.%

%
%

Rule(71(CONTEMPT(
Direct(Contempt(versus(Indirect(Contempt%

Criminal(Contempt(versus(Civil(Contempt(

Principle(which(guides(the(court(from(determining(whether(or(not(one(is(guilty(of(contempt:((
Contempt%should%be%exercised%in%the%preservative%principle.%
%
%
Is(the(power(to(declare(a(person(in(contempt(inherent(before(the(court?(
Yes.%However,%the%same%is%not%true%in%quasiXjudicial%agencies%or%bodies.%They%can%only%exercise%such%power%if%the%law%creating%that%particular%quasiXjudicial%
agency%or%body%grants%them%to%punish%one%in%contempt.%
%
Is(charge(necessary(in(direct(contempt?(
No.%
%
Indirect(contempt?(
Indirect% contempt% needs% a% charge% filed% against% a% person% as% well% as% a% hearing,% unless% it% is% the% court% itself% based% it% in% an% order.% There% are% two% modes% of%
commencing%a%proceeding%for%indirect%contempt:%
% 1.%if%the%court%itself%issues%an%order;%and%
% 2.%if%it%is%based%on%a%verified%petition%which%may%be%filed%by%any%party%against%a%person.%
The%requirement%of%the%law%is%that%there%must%be%a%hearing%to%comply%with%due%process.%
%
Where(should(a(case(for(direct(contempt(be(filed?(
Before%the%court%where%the%contumacious%act%was%committed.%
%
Indirect(contempt?(
If%committed%against%the%first%level%court,%(1)%before%the%first%level%court%where%the%contumacious%act%was%committed%subject%to%appeal%to%the%RTC;%or%(2)%
directly%to%the%RTC.%
If%committed%against%the%RTC,%in%the%same%RTC.%If%in%the%nature%of%a%criminal%proceeding,%it%is%appealable.%If%not,%then%it%is%not%appealable.%
%
Committed(against(a(quasiFjudicial(agency(or(body?(
Before%the%RTC%where%the%quasiXjudicial%agency%or%body%is%under.%
%
Grounds(for(Indirect(Contempt(
%
%
%
%
%

Pleadings(which(contain(contemptuous(allegations,(direct(or(indirect(contempt?(
Direct%contempt%if%pleading%is%submitted%to%the%court%and%attacked%the%integrity%of%the%judge%where%the%pleading%is%submitted.%
Indirect%contempt%if%pleading%is%submitted%to%the%court%and%attacked%the%integrity%of%another%judge.%
%
%
Two(lawyers(boxed(each(other(only(after(a(recess(has(been(declared(by(the(court,(direct(or(indirect(contempt?(
Indirect%contempt%because%there%was%a%recess.%But%if%they%boxed%each%other%while%the%trial%is%going%on,%direct%contempt.%
%
Writ(of(execution(issued(by(the(court(to(the(sheriff(commanding(him(to(execute(decision(of(the(court(and(there(was(refusal(on(the(part(of(the(losing(party(
to(comply(with(the(WOE(issued(by(the(court,(direct(or(indirect(contempt?(
No%indirect%contempt%on%the%part%of%the%losing%party%because%no%order%has%been%issued%to%them%and%the%order%has%been%issued%to%the%sheriff.%
%
Penalty(in(direct(contempt(
Fine,%imprisonment%or%both.%
%
Is(the(decision(of(the(court(in(direct(contempt(appealable?(
No.%The%remedy%is%certiorari%or%prohibition.%But%prohibition%is%the%better%remedy.%
%
Does(the(filing(of(prohibition(or(certiorari(stay(the(decision(of(the(court?(
No.%To%stay%the%decision%of%the%court,%the%remedy%is%to%post%a%bond%in%an%amount%to%be%fixed%by%the%court%to%answer%for%damages%if%it%turns%out%that%the%petition%
for%certiorari%is%unmeritorious.%
%