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The Language of Mathematics
Mathematical Symbols: Numbers
BRIEF HISTORY OF NUMERICAL
SYSTEMS
• Tick Marks
• Symbols for Numbers
• Positional Notation
• Invention of Zero
• Base Used
EXAMPLE: Roman Numeral System
EXAMPLE: Babylonian Numbers
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
• Practical Use
• Shorthand for Familiar Concepts
• Arbitrary Assignments
The Language of Mathematics
• Mathematical language is the system used to communicate mathematical
ideas.
• It consists of some natural language using technical terms (mathematical
terms) and grammatical conventions that are uncommon to mathematical
discourse, supplemented by a highly specialized symbolic notation for
mathematical formulas.
• The mathematical notations used for formulas have their own grammar and
shared by mathematicians anywhere in the globe.
The Language of Mathematics
(Carol Burns Fisher)
a2 b2 c2
The Language of Mathematics
A B
The Language of Mathematics
x As.t.y A
The Language of Mathematics
y x y x
The Language of Mathematics
The Language of Mathematics
• Every language has its vocabulary (the words), and its rules for combining
these words into complete thoughts (sentences).
• Mathematics is NO EXCEPTION.
The Language of Mathematics
• A mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-
defined according to rules that depend on the context.
• The symbols can designate numbers, variables, operations, functions,
brackets, punctuations and groupings to help determine order of operations
and other aspects of mathematical syntax.
• A mathematical expression is a correct arrangement of mathematical
symbols used to represent the object of interest.
The Language of Mathematics
ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
SYMBOLS Alphabet and punctuations Alphabet, numerals, operation
and grouping symbols, etc.
Name given to an object of NOUN EXPRESSION
interest (person, thing, place) (numbers, variables,sets, etc.)
A complete thought SENTENCE SENTENCE
The Language of Mathematics
• Expressions have SYNONYMS
• Examples:
• 1. happy
• 2. pretty
• 3. 16
• 4. a/b
The Language of Mathematics
• MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS VS MATHEMATICAL
SENTENCES
4 3
V r
3
The Language of Mathematics
ab
a b
2 2
The Language of Mathematics
5y 3y 8
The Language of Mathematics
i
i 1
2
The Language of Mathematics
x3
f ( x)
x 3
The Language of Mathematics
sin cos 1
2 2
The Language of Mathematics
______
AB
The Language of Mathematics
2
3 x4 5 6
The Language of Mathematics
• NOTE:
• 1. Sentences have verbs.
• CONVENTIONS IN LANGUAGES
• Languages have conventions.
• There are conventions in the English language.
• Mathematics too has its conventions which help readers distinguish between
different types of mathematical expressions.
The Language of Mathematics
• SOME MATHEMATICAL CONVENTIONS
• PEMDAS
• Letters to represent certain objects
• Generally reading from left to right
• Superscripts as exponents; subscripts representing instances
• The meaning of the word “SIMPLIFY”
The Language of Mathematics
• Just like mathematical symbols, there’s usually no special reason for deciding
on a certain mathematical convention.
• * notation
• * evaluation
The Language of Mathematics
• The Language of Binary Operations
• Terminologies
• 1. binary operation
• 2. closure property
• 3. associative property
• 4. identity property
The Language of Mathematics
• 5. inverse property
• 6. group
The Language of Mathematics
• The Language of Reasoning
• Logic is the science of correct reasoning.
• Terminologies
• 1. deductive vs inductive reasoning
• 2. proposition
• 3. truth value
The Language of Mathematics
• 4. simple vs. compound proposition
• 5. conjunction
• 6. disjunction
• 7. conditional
• 8. biconditional
• 9. argument
The Language of Mathematics