Jalaluddin Surkh-

Posh Bukhari

Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (Urdu: ‫ﺳﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺮخ ﭘﻮش ﺑﺨﺎری‬, c. 595-690 AH,
1198 – 1292 CE) was a Sufi saint and
missionary. He was a follower of Baha-ud-
din Zakariya of the Suhrawardiyya order.
 Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari

Jalaluddin Bukhari's tomb

Mir Surkh, Mir Buzurg, Makhdum-ul-Azam,

Surkh-Posh, Jalal Ganj

Born 1198[1]
Bukhara, now Bukhara
Region, Uzbekistan

Died 20 May 1292 (aged 93–

94)[1]
Uch, near Bahawalpur,
 Punjab Province,
Pakistan

Spouse(s) Fatima bint Qasim

Sayyida Sharifa Bibi
Tahirah bint Badruddin
Bhakkari Sayyida Bibi
Fatima Habiba Saeeda
bint Badruddin Bhakkari

Parent(s) Ali al-Moeed (father)

Venerated in Islam (Suhrawardi Sufi

order)

Influences Baha-ud-din Zakariya

Influenced South Asian Sufis

Names
Bukhari, a family name, is derived from his
birthplace, Bukhara, in modern
Uzbekistan.[2] Bukhari is a Sayyid from
Naqvi denomination, a descendant of the
Islamic prophet Muhammad through his
grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali
in the male line. Bukhari was born
Jalaluddin Haider. However, he has a
number of names and titles. He is known
as Jalal Ganj; Mir Surkh (Red Leader);
Sharrif ullah (Noble of Allah); Mir Buzurg
(Big Leader); Makhdum-ul-Azam; Jalal
Akbar; Azim ullah; Sher Shah (Lion King);
Jalal Azam and Surkh-Posh Bukhari.[3] With
formal honorifics, Bukhari is known as
Sayyid Jalaluddin; Mir Surkh Bukhari; Shah
Mir Surkh-Posh of Bukhara; Pir Jalaluddin
Qutub-al-Aqtab; Sayyid Jalal and Sher Shah
Sayyid Jalal.

Bukhari was known as Surkh-posh ("clad in

red") because he often wore a red
mantle.[1]

Career
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Bukhari's life was spent travelling. As an

Islamic missionary, he converted tribes
such as the Soomro, Samma, Chadhar,
Sial, Daher and the Warar. Bukhari was one
of the Chaar Yaar (not to be confused with
the Rashidun). The Chaar Yaar were the
group of pioneers of the Suhrawardiyya
Sufi and Chisti movements of the 13th
century. Bukhari founded the "Jalali"
section of the Suhrawardiyya order of Sufi.
He converted the Samma, the Sial, the
Chadhar, the Daher and the Warar tribes of
the Southern Punjab and Sindh.

Some of his followers (mureed) spread to

Gujarat. The mureed included Bukhari's
grandson, Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1384
CE) who visited Mecca 36 times. Other
mureeds included Abu Muhammad
Abdullah (Burhanuddin Qutb-e-Alam) (d.
1453 CE) and Shah e Alam (d. 1475 CE). In
1134 CE, the Sial followers of Bukhari
settled in the community that is now
Jhang. In the late 17th century, the
settlement was washed away. Bukhari's
descendent, Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul
Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna,
encouraged the followers to resettle the
area. Many of Bukhari's disciples are
buried in Banbhore and Makli Hill near
Thatta.

Legendary meetings

Sultan of Delhi
In 642 AH, when Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh
Bukhari had begun his missionary work in
Uch Shareef, he was visited by Nasiruddin
Mahmud of the Delhi Sultanate.

Shah Daulah Shahid

Shah Daulah Shahid, is a Muslim saint who

is buried in Bengal. In Bukhara, Bukhari
presented Saint Daulah with a pair of gray
pigeons. From Bukhara, Saint Daulah
travelled to Bengal where he battled and
was killed by the Hindu king of
Shahzadpur.[4]

Lalla
One of Bukhari's female disciples was
Lalleshwari (Lal Ded) (d. 1400 CE,
Bijbehara). She interacted with Jahaniyan
Jahangasht, a descendant of Bukhari and
was impressed by him. She travelled in
Kashmir with him. Lalla was a teacher of
Nuruddin Nurani who is considered by the
Kashmiris, both Hindus as well as
Muslims, as the patron saint of Kashmir.[5]

Chengiz Khan

Per legend, on his way to India, he also

met Chengiz Khan, the Mongol conqueror,
and tried to convert him to Islam but
failed.[1]
His two male issues from his second wife,
Fatima, the daughter of Sayyid Qasim
Hussein Bukhari, Sayyid Ali and Sayyid
Jaffar, are buried in tombs at Bukhara. He
brought his son Sayyid Baha-ul-Halim with
him to Sindh and then he settled in Uchch
in 1244.

Death
In 1244 CE (about 640AH), Bukhari moved
to Uch, Sindh with his son, Baha-ul-Halim,
where he founded a religious school. He
died in about 690 AH (1292 CE) and was
buried in a small town near Uch. After his
tomb was damaged by flood waters of the
Ghaggar-Hakra River, Bukhari's remains
were buried in Qattal town. In 1027 AH,
Sajjada Nashin Makhdoom Hamid, son of
Muhammad Nassir-u-Din, moved Bukhari's
remains to their present location in Uch
and erected a building over them. In 1670
CE, the tomb was rebuilt by the Nawab of
Bahawalpur, Bahawal Khan II.

The tomb is a short way from the

cemetery of Uch. It stands on a
promontory overlooking the plains and the
desert beyond. To one side of the tomb is
a mosque decorated with blue tile work. In
front of the tomb is a pool. A carved
wooden door leads into the room
containing Bukhari's coffin. UNESCO
describes the site:

The brick-built tomb measures

18 meters by 24 meters and its
carved wooden pillars support a
flat roof and it is decorated with
glazed tiles in floral and
geometric designs. The ceiling is
painted with floral designs in
lacquer and its floor covered
with the graves of the saint and
his relatives an interior
partition provides 'purdah' for
 those of his womenfolk. Its
mosque consists of a hall,
measuring 20 meters by 11
meters, with 18 wooden pillars
supporting a flat roof. It was
built of cut and dressed bricks
and further decorated,
internally and externally, with
enamelled tiles in floral and
geometric designs.[6]

Mela Uch Sharif

According to World Monuments Fund, "The
ancient city of Uch was one of several
metropolises founded by Alexander the
Great on his crusade through Central Asia
in the late 4th century BC."[7]

The Mela Uch Sharif is a week-long mela

(folk festival) held in March – April in Uch.
People from the southern Punjab come to
honour Bukhari's role in spreading Islam.
Participants visit Bukhari's tomb, and offer
Friday prayers at the local mosque which
was built by the Abbasids. The mela
commemorates the congregation of Sufi
saints connected with Bukhari. It aligns
with the Hindu calendar month of Chaitra.
Family

Bukhara's old town in 2012, Uzbekistan

Bukhari was born on Friday, the fifth day of

the twelfth month (Dhu al-Hijjah) of the
year 595 AH in Bukhara, in present-day
Uzbekistan. Bukhari was the son of Syed
Ali Al-Moeed and the grandson of Syed
Ja’far Muhammed Hussain.[3] Bukhari's
early education was provided by his father.
He was later influenced by Syed
Shahjamal Mujarad of Kolhapur State in
modern-day India.

Fatima (first wife)

Bukhari's first wife was Syeda Fatima,

daughter of Syed Qasim. Bukhari and
Fatima had two children, Ali and Ja’far. In
635 AH, after Fatima's death, Bukhari
moved with his two sons from Bukhara to
Bhakkar, Punjab.[8] Both their sons Ali and
Ja’far are buried in Bukhara.

Zohra (second wife)

In Bhakkar, Bukhari married Bibi Tahirah
(Zohra), daughter of Syed Badruddin
Bhakkari, the son of Sayyid Muhammad
Makki. Zohra and Bukhari had two sons:
Sadruddin Mohammed Ghaus (who moved
to the Punjab) and Bahauddin Mohamed
Masoom. Their descendants now live in
and around Thatta, Uch (Deogarh) and
Lahore. A daughter of Sadruddin
Mohammed Ghaus married Jahaniyan
Jahangasht.[3]

Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda

(third wife)
After Zohra's death, Bukhari married the
second daughter of Badruddin Bhakkari,
Bibi Fatima Habiba Saeeda. They had a
son, Ahmed Kabir, who was the father of
Jahaniyan Jahangasht and Makhdoom
Sadruddin.[3] It is mentioned within books
of history that Sayyid Sadruddin's two
brothers Sayyid Maah and Sayyid Shams
objected to him marrying his two
daughters to Bukhari and exiled Bukhari
from Bhakkar.[9]

Ancestors and descendants

Bukhari's biography and family history are
cited extensively in such works as the
Marat-e-Jalali, the Mazher-i-Jalali, the
Akber-ul-Akhyar, the Rauzat-ul-Ahbab,
Maraij-ul-Walayat, Manaqabi Qutbi, the
Siyar-ul-Aqtar, the Siyar-ul-Arifeen and the
Manaqib-ul-Asifya. These manuscripts are
held by Bukhari Sayyids, however the work
Marat-e-Jalali was first published in 1918
in book form from Allahabad, India and its
second edition with updates and more
research material was printed as a book in
1999 from Karachi, Pakistan. His
descendants are called Naqvi al-Bukhari.
The part of Uch where the family settled is
called "Uch Bukharian".
The lineage contains saints and religious
leaders. Some moved to Turkestan and
were married to the Tatar Mongols. Others
moved to Bursa in Turkey and others
moved to Bilot Sharif, in the district of
Attock (Raess ul Abdal Dewan Syed Imam
Jafar Shah Bukhari-ul-Naqvi commonly
known as Dewan Syed Imam Chakar Shah
Bukhari which was nephew and son-in-law
of Syed Saddrudin Bhakkari locally known
as Sukhai Sultan Bhakkari Attock Khurd
and furthermore his elder son Shah
Ateequllah Dewan Bukhari made
foundations of the village of Kamra Kalaan
and younger son Syed Nazar Shah Dewan
Bukhari village Dakhnair)and in the district
of Sialkot (in Tehsil Shakargarh, the
villages of Kotli Shah Saleem Kala Chechi
(Kara Chechen), of Nurkot, etc.) as well as
to Wadpagga Sharif, near Peshawar, and in
the Tribal Areas of Kurram, Orakzai and
Kohat. There are a number of tombs of
Bukhari descendants across the Punjab,
Sindh, Indian Gujrat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
and Uttar Pradesh in India. They include:
Jahaniyan Jahangasht (d. 1308 CE), Baba
Shah Jamal and Meeran Muhammad Shah
aka Mauj Darya Bukhari in Lahore, Baba
Shah Saleem and Shah Nazar in Sialkot
District and Rajan Qittal, Bibi Jawindi (c.
1492 CE), Bukhari's great granddaughter
and Mir Mohammad Masoom, the
forefather of the Bokhari Naqvi family of
Dreg, Dera Ghazi Khan and Channan Pir
and Wadpagga Sharif in Peshawar. Some
moved to Firozpur region such as
Kabbarwala, Fattanwala and Fazilka India
then migrated into Pakistan mainly settling
in Dipalpur tehsil and abroad but initially
travelled outwards from the headquarters
at Bahawalpur, and Uch during the 1800s
with their Sikh friends to Sri Mukstar Sahib
region of Ferozpur. Great Grand son of Hz.
Jahaniya Jahangasht Qazi Husamuddin
Hasan Bukhari in Allahabad (Old Kara
Manikpur) in Uttar Pradesh India and his
descendants are presently found in Chail
known as Naqvi Bukhari Syeds.
The tomb of Bibi Jawindi and the tomb
and mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari have
been on the "tentative" list of UNESCO
World Heritage Sites since 2004.[6] World
Monuments Fund also promotes its
conservation.[7]

Family lineage

According to Mara'at Jalali[3] and Malfuzul

Makhdoom, Bukhari's lineage is:

Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari

Ali Al-Moayad
Ja’far
Muhammad Abu al Fateh
Mahmood
Ahmed
Abdullah
Ali Al Ashghar
Ja’far (d. 271 AH Samarra)
Ali al-Hadi
Muhammad al-Jawad
Ali al-Ridha
Musa al-Kadhim
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Muhammad al-Baqir
Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
Husayn ibn Ali
Ali ibn Abi-Talib
See also
Sharfuddin Shah Wilayat
List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan
Khawaja
Khawaja Shaikh
Syed
Bukhari

References
1. Anna Suvorova; Professor of Indo-
Islamic Culture and Head of
Department of Asian Literatures Anna
Suvorova (22 July 2004). Muslim
Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to
 Fifteenth Centuries . Routledge.
pp. 149–. ISBN 978-1-134-37006-1.
2. Yasin M. and Asin M. (Ed.) "Reading in
Indian History." Atlantic 1988. p41.
Accessed in English at Google Books
on 23 June 2017
3. Hassami S. K. A. B. Marat-e-Jalali (Red
Clothed man from Bukhara) First
Edition 1918, Allahabad, Second
Edition 1999, Karachi.
4. Wali M. A. (1904) "On the Antiquity and
Traditions of Shahzadpur" Journal of
the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta.
January to December 1904. p2
5. Sikand y. "The Muslim Rishis of
Kashmir: crusaders for love and
justice." , Accessed 23 June 2017
6. "Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha'al-Halim
and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque
of Jalaluddin Bukhari." UNESCO
Global strategy, tentative lists,
submitted 30 January 2004, Accessed
23 June 2017
7. "Uch monument complex." World
Monuments Fund, New York, NY.
Accessed 23 June 2017
8. Qadr M. A. "Mukhdoom Jahaniyan
Jahangasht"
 9. Al-Haqq, Sayyid Muin, ed. (2010).
Manba Al-Ansab Urdu Translation.
Madrassa Faydan Mustafa. p. 319.

External links
"The Muslim Rishis of Kashmir:
Crusaders for Love and Justice" , by
Yoginder Sikand

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title=Jalaluddin_Surkh-
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