Performance

Task in
Physics
Submitted By:

Group Four– IV- St. John

Cal, Ryan Christian D.

Gonzales, Kaye Anne F.

Mauricio, Alyssa Benedict D.

Raymundo, Jasmine Pearl T.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement p. 2

Introduction p.3
History p.4
Data p.6
Related Literature p.8
Recommendation p.9

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge the following people and resources:

 The members of Group Four – A, Alyssa Benedict D. Mauricio, Jasmine Pearl

T. Raymundo, Ryan Christian D. Cal, and Kaye Anne F. Gonzales, who helped
make this project come to fruition;
 Mrs. Salazar, our physics teacher, for her guidance and help;
 www.wikipedia.org, where most of the research was taken from.
INTRODUCTION
Samsung has been a very well-known brand for many gadgets, from laptops to
tablets to even smartphones. Each of its gadgets has many useful applications, and
functions which are vital in today’s high-tech society.
Samsung gadgets, particularly the smartphones, are very common tools people
have today. Why? Because they sport so many applications, so many things so
similar to computer functions, and yet so portable, something so light and
compact you can keep it in your pocket.
We can even say that these smartphones have already replaced – or will soon
replace – computers in daily usage. Gone will be the days when people have to
carry around heavy laptops and constantly worry about its safety. Soon we might
face a world where people all have smartphones, when people’s entire life – may it
be school or office work – will be contained – literally – in your hands.
Enter the Samsung Galaxy S4, the latest smartphone released by the Korean
technology company. It has oodles and oodles of features, and is definitely much
better than any of its other predecessors.

There is, however, one problem.

What is the point of having a portable, compact mini-computer, with so many
useful functions, when it’s dead half the time?
What’s the point of having so many applications at your hands, when you can’t
even use it for more than a couple of hours?
Yes, my friends. The problem we are posing here is the fact that it has insanely
poor battery life, and that it almost takes twice the time to charge it up than the
time it’s actually functioning.
To put it bluntly, the problem is that it’s always low-bat. You know, low battery?
What we aim to show to you in this project is how we can possibly improve the
accursed battery life of the Samsung Galaxy S4, so much so that it won’t be a
burden to us, but instead, a life-saver.
HISTORY
The Samsung Galaxy S4 is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung
Electronics. It was announced in New York City on March 14, 2013 as the successor
to the Samsung Galaxy S III. The phone has many distinguishing software features
such as Air Gesture, Smart Stay, and Smart Scroll; a 13-megapixel back camera, and a
5-inch (130 mm) 1080p display. It is the first TCO certified smartphone. The S4 has
two major variants, one featuring a quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 and the
other featuring a Samsung Exynos 5 Octa. The Exynos 5 Octa version features the
first big.LITTLE architecture central processing unit (CPU) but does not have LTE
connectivity. The CPU has eight cores, four of which can be active at one time to
emulate a quad-core processor.
The S4 was made available in late April 2013 on 327 networks worldwide and
in 155 countries. Upon its release, it became the fastest selling smartphone in
Samsung's history, with 10 million devices sold as of May 22, 2013. Google released a
version of the U.S. Galaxy S4 running stock Android with Samsung-provided updates.
Samsung has announced that they will be releasing a "mini" variant of the S4, a
"Zoom" variant, and an "Active" variant with a water resistant IP 67 case, shock
resistance, and an 8 megapixel camera. On June 17, 2013 JK Shin, vice president of
Samsung Mobile announced that the Samsung Galaxy S4 is to have another variant
with LTE-Advanced connection, which is twice the speed of 4G LTE.
 The table below shows the development of the Samsung Galaxy S series.

Galaxy S1 Galaxy S2 Galaxy S3 Galaxy S4

Screen 4 inch SAMOLED 4.5 in SAMOLED+ 4.8 in SAMOLED Super

(800×480) 233 (800×480) 207 PPI (1280×720) 306 AMOLED
PPI PPI capacitive
touch screen,
16M colors
1080 x 1920
pixels, 5.0
inches (~441
ppi pixel
density)
Processor 1 GHz single core 1.2 GHz Exynos 1.4 GHz Exynos Exynos 5
Hummingbird dual-core or 1.5 quad-core or 1.5 Octa 5410
GHz Snapdragon GHz Snapdragon Quad-core 1.6
S3 dual-core S4 dual-core GHz Cortex-
A15 & quad-
core 1.2 GHz
Cortex-A7

RAM 512 MB 1 GB 1 GB or 2 GB 16/32/64 GB

storage, 2 GB
RAM
Camera 5 MP, VGA front 8 MP, 2 MP front 8 MP, 1.9 MP 13 MP, 4128 x
front 3096 pixels,
autofocus,
LED flash
OS Version 2.1-2.3 2.3-4.0 4.0-4.1 Android OS,
v4.2.2 (Jelly
Bean)
DATA
The problem with smartphones is that they have so many applications, and
these applications use up a massive load of its battery life. Why is that? We have done
some research to help explain why many applications cause battery life to gradually
shorten, and how we can help improve this, without having limitations with
application usage.

Cell phone and smartphone batteries are a type of battery called the lithium-ion
battery, which works on ion movement between the positive and negative electrodes.
In theory such a mechanism should work forever, but cycling, elevated temperature
and aging decrease the performance over time. Since batteries are used in demanding
environmental conditions, manufacturers take a conservative approach and specify
the life of most Li-ion between 300 and 500 discharge/charge cycles.

Similar to a mechanical device that wears out faster with heavy use, so also does
the depth of discharge (DoD) determine the cycle count. The shorter the discharge
(low DoD), the longer the battery will last. If at all possible, avoid full discharges and
charge the battery more often between uses. Partial discharge on Li-ion is fine; there is
no memory and the battery does not need periodic full discharge cycles to prolong
life, other than to calibrate the fuel gauge on a smart battery once in a while.

Simply put, the previous paragraphs state that the less we use applications or
cause the battery to discharge, the longer the battery will last. But that’s not our goal.
Our goal is NOT to lessen usage of the phone itself, but to prolong it.

So, how?

Most Li-ions are charged to 4.20V/cell and every reduction of 0.10V/cell is

said to double cycle life. For example, a lithium-ion cell charged to 4.20V/cell
typically delivers 300–500 cycles. If charged to only 4.10V/cell, the life can be
prolonged to 600–1,000 cycles; 4.00V/cell should deliver 1,200–2,000 and 3.90V/cell
2,400–4,000 cycles. For safety reasons, lithium-ion cannot exceed 4.20V/cell. While a
higher voltage would boost capacity, over-voltage shortens service life and
compromises safety.

So then, it states in the previous paragraph that charging lithium-ion batteries

to a lower rate of V/cell will double its cycle life, hence, prolonging it. What we need
to do is develop a lithium-ion battery that can still function well in lower rates, and a
charger that charges it to a lower rate. Problem solved!
 The table below shows the difference between the two gadgets, the existing
Samsung Galaxy S4, and the “improved” Samsung Galaxy S4, with improved battery
life. The features are mostly the same, except for the battery life.

Existing Samsung Galaxy S4 Improved Samsung Galaxy s4

Features Features

Shoot Like a Pro

Capture moments with the 13MP autofocus camera. Take simultaneous front and back
photos with Dual Camera, edit them right on your phone with Eraser Shot and relive the
memories in brilliant clarity with Story Album.

Touch Free

Experience a whole new way to interact with your smartphone. Wave your hand at the
screen to accept calls with Air Gesture, read content by tilting your head or phone with
Smart Scroll and preview content by barely touching the screen with Air View.

Group Play

It's easy to connect, work or play with the Galaxy S 4. With Group Play, you can connect
up to 8 phones wirelessly to play games and share your favorite tunes, photos, and
documents - no Wi-Fi necessary.

Hardware Excellence

View all your content on a stunning 5-inch Full HD Super AMOLED™ display that's
powered by a robust 1.9GHz quad-core processor - all in a light 0.29LB smartphone.
Battery Life Battery Life

According to the results, the Galaxy S4 is
good for 400 minutes of browsing and
1,000 minutes of phone-calling before
running out of juice.
The improved Galaxy S4 will be good for
over 1,600 minutes of browsing, and about
4,000 minutes of phone-calling before
running out of juice, with its lithium ion
battery functioning at a charge rate of only
4.00V/ cell, prolonging its life by four times
its original life.
RELATED LITERATURE
The improvement of the gadget promises both advantages and disadvantages,
summarized into two paragraphs. Of course there still will be some disadvantages,
because, although the gadget has been greatly improved, it doesn’t mean it’s the
perfect gadget already. Because there is no such thing as a perfect gadget. There’s
always room for more improvement, as they always say.
For the advantages, we have the obvious ones, like, for instance, the
development itself. A longer battery life means longer usage. Longer usage means
more jobs done, more tasks accomplished quicker. Another advantage brought about
by this development is the economical help it provides. If the smartphone can be used
for a longer time without charging, then the time – and electricity – allotted for
charging our smartphones lessens gradually. Also, because we’ll be charging it at a
lower rate, whenever we do charge it, it consumes less electricity, at least, less,
certainly, than the existing Samsung Galaxy S4. Another advantage it presents to us,
perhaps, is that it almost becomes an all-in-one gadget, a cell phone and a computer,
all at the same time, which is very convenient. It can help us save up on money, seeing
as if the Samsung Galaxy S4 becomes your replacement for a bigger, more expensive
laptop or PC, then you wouldn’t have to buy yourself a laptop anymore.
For the disadvantages, meanwhile, we have some, if not a few. Seeing as the
gadget will be charged in a less than 4.20V/cell rate (this rate is the standard for
charging, and is the rate in which the gadget has a very good capacity all the while not
being prone to over-voltage which shortens life and risks safety), then we can say that,
although it does not hinder our usage and still permits us to use all of the applications
and functions the Galaxy S4 offers, it still affects its work capacity, meaning it will not
be as good – though only in a minimal way – as when it is charged in a 4.20V/cell
rate. To shorten things, I mean to say that whatever work we’ll be able to do in the
improved Samsung Galaxy S4, although we’re given a longer time to do it, will be
substandard, compared to the existing Samsung Galaxy S4. Like I said, it is not yet the
perfect gadget, and we can still improve this.
RECOMMENDATION
As for our recommendation, it will only simply be to recommend our
improved product.
We lay no claim to owning the product, whatsoever, and would only like to
recommend to you the improvement itself.
We would like to recommend to you our improved product; we would like to
call it the Samsung Galaxy S4.5, which features an even longer battery life, four times
its original battery life.
It provides greater hours of usage, greater hours to do the things you need on
your smartphone. Be it for work, or for play, whatever it is, you can enjoy the benefits
of the Samsung Galaxy S4.5 for an even longer time ever possible.
Plus, not only does it guarantee longer availability of the phone’s benefits, it
also, gradually and eventually, helps with economic purposes, lowering the electricity
needed for charging it, as well as the time needed for charging it.
Another bonus, it also has all of the features the Samsung Galaxy S4 has, and
provides the same comfort and benefits that its predecessor has.
What makes the product so different is its charger, actually, which is limited to
a maximum charging capacity of 4.00V/cell. The standard charging capacity is actually
4.20V/cell, and, if lowered to 4.00V/cell, will quadruple the lithium-ion battery life.
This technique – using the special charger – will also work with other
smartphones, and guarantees even longer battery life. Now you can enjoy the features
of your smartphone for an even longer time!