CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter provides an overview of previous research and concept

that relevant in study of satisfaction of the senior high school students on
the school comfort room maintenance. The researcher presents literature
and studies to the current research to achieve more knowledge and
understanding of the issue in this study.

RELATED LITERATURE

According to Claire (2004), the teachers in that school make a

brigada eskwela to improve the cleanliness and improvement of the
building. Comfort room is the one of the most important as a part of the
school. In the first place the comfort room was in a good condition and
enough water. Few days of class, because of undisciplined students the
comfort became dirty and a lot of vandalism of bad thoughts. One of the
problems, some of girls is being irresponsible about the proper disposal of
their napkins etc.

"Bathroom cleanliness is far more important than a lot of

establishments understand," says Daniel Howard, Chairman of the
Marketing Department at Southern Methodist University (2009). "A host of
research in the area of service quality and consumer behavior shows that
the physical attributes of a facility, including the cleanliness of restroom
floors, counters, and fixtures, has significant impact on people's
perceptions of whether that business or organization can meet their needs.
That, in turn, has an effect on whether people will return and do business
with that organization again."

Further, dirty restrooms can trigger "anxiety and avoidance,"

according to Wade Rowatt, Associate Professor of Psychology at Baylor
University. Dirty restrooms "can serve as a cue that an establishment is
poorly managed or has a sloppy, unprofessional staff," he says.

Morrison (2014) there is cost-effective-and cost-saving-ways to have

restrooms with cleanliness. Traditional methods of restroom sanitation tend
to be time consuming, labor intensive, and physically stressful, Morrison
says, requiring cleaning workers to kneel, crouch, and bend. "And it's not
very sanitary, either," he adds. "We now have studies that tell us that as a
cleaning cloth or mop gets used, it can spread as many contaminants as it
removes."

Kennedy (2012) At a minimum, schools and universities need to

provide comfort room that are cleaned regularly to kill germs and prevent
the spread of disease; that are outfitted with fixtures and equipment that
ward off the temptations of vandalism; and that allow for a level of
supervision that deters would-be bullies from using a restroom break to
harass vulnerable fellow students. In addition, facility managers looking to
save energy and cut costs should seek washroom designs that conserve
water and rely less on artificial lighting. In addition to an effective cleaning
strategy, schools can fight the dissemination of germs by selecting the right
fixtures and equipment. Frequent and thorough hand washing is a critical
step in trying to avoid contact with germs, but even with regular washing,
restroom users can pick up germs each time they touch a door handle, a
toilet-paper dispenser, a flush handle, a sink faucet, a soap dispenser or a
towel dispenser. Equipment that is triggered by motion or is time-controlled
enables students to use those fixtures without touching them.

Mike (2012), some older models of toilets uses 3.5 gallons per flush.
Equipment now available includes ultra-low-flow toilets, which use 1.6
gallons per flush, high-efficiency toilets that use 1.28 gallons per flush, and
dual-flush toilets, which use 1.6 gallons to flush solid waste and 1.0 gallons
to flush liquid waste .Many gallons of water also are wasted because of
inefficient urinals. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says that 65
percent of the urinals in use in the United States—7.9 million fixtures—
exceed the federal standard of 1.0 gallon per flush for commercial urinals.
Some use as much as five times that amount.

RELATED STUDIES

The cleanliness of an educational facility’s restrooms has a major

effect on how the institution is perceived, according to a new survey, with
65% of respondents agreeing that lavatories influenced their impression of
the school they attended and 60% recommending that prospective students
inspect restrooms before making the decision to enroll. The Cascades
2015 U.S. School Restroom Survey, commissioned by Cascades Tissue
Group, polled over 1,000 students who’d taken some combination of on-
campus courses at a K-12, college, or graduate level institution within the
past 15 years. The survey also found that while students are generally
pleased with restroom cleanliness, with 73% saying their school’s
washrooms were at least somewhat clean, they still look for facilities teams
to do more to support campus health, with 57% saying improvements
should be made. Not everyone is so optimistic, however, with over 60% of
respondents reporting having avoided school facilities altogether even
though needing to use them, and 14% going as far as cleaning the
restrooms themselves. The most common complaint with educational
facility restrooms was running out of hand towels or toilet paper, according
to 39% of respondents. Additionally, the survey points out that while
occupants may say they want a perfectly hygienic space, many still have
unsanitary behaviors themselves – 57% report using mobile devices in
washrooms, 6% say they’d used laptops there, and 12% report having
eaten in the bathroom before.

LOCAL STUDIES

The study conducted by G-10 Felipe Agoncillo students (2017)

towards the maintenance of school comfort rooms Sanitation in comfort
rooms of public high schools is something that many students can smell
first before they can even be seen. Poor maintenance has become so
common—from the perpetually wet floors, dim lighting, broken cubicle
doors, minimal ventilation and malfunctioning toilets—that it ceases to
bother them. The stench pierces through the nose so strongly that it
physically stops you in your tracks. Those who complain can’t clearly be
heard anymore because poor sanitary conditions are becoming less of a
concern. The recurring challenges that public high schools face include
limited manpower who can cover sanitation, and the lack of infrastructure to
accommodate the number of students who will be using comfort rooms. To
circumvent this limitation, hygiene and health efforts are instead directed to
prevention. Schools also cope by reverting to influencing student behavior.

SYNTHESIS OF RELATED LITERATURES TO THE

CURRENT STUDY

To a specific degree, the literature presented and the studies

conducted by the foreign and local researchers, are relevant to the present
study.