02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS®

PURE MATHEMATICS

UNIT 2 — PAPER 02

KEY AND MARK SCHEME

2017
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 1

Specific Objectives: A 1, 4, 5; B 2, 5, 6, 8

Solution Total

(a) d -1 -1
cos (sin x)
dx
1 d -1 d -1
= . sin x (1) form of cos x 2
 
2 dx dx
-1
1- sin x

(1)
1
= 
-1 2 2
1- (sin x) 1 - x
1
03
Alternatively,
y  cos1 (sin 1 x)  cos y  sin 1 x
dy 1
 sin y  1
dx 1  x2
dy 1
 1
dx sin y 1  x 2
cos y  sin 1 x  sin y  1  (sin 1 x)2 (or use of right triangle)
dy 1
Hence  1

dx 1  (sin x)2 1  x2
1

For differentiating quotient 03

(b)(i)  2x + y (x  1)(2)  (2x + y)
ln = 2 (1)
x x  1 (x  1)
2x + y 2
x  1
(1) for diff. of ln

2(x  1)  (2x + y)
=
(x  1)(2x + y)
2 1 y  2 1
=  or
2x + y x  1 (2 x  y )( x  1)
#for simplifying
2 1
Now  =  1/9 # FT substitution of x = 4 1
8 + y0 4-1
 y0 = 1 CAO 1
05
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 1 (continued)

Solution Total
Alternatively,
2x  y
ln = ln 2x  y - ln x  1 # Second Law of Logs 1
x - 1
 2x  y  
ln = ln 2x  y - ln x  1
x x - 1 x x

2 1
=  # 1 mark for each
2x + y x -1 2
(1) (1)

2 1
Now  =  1/9 #Substitution 1
8 + y0 4-1

 y0 = 1 # CAO 1
05

(b)(ii) 2
 w -2
= 2(2x + y)  0 1
yx
2
= 2
2x + y

(1) (1)
w 1  x -1 1 2
=   =
y x - 1  2x + y  2x + y

2
 w 1
 2 =  2
y 2x + y 1

2 2
 w  w -2 2
 2 2 = 2 + 2 = 0
1
yx y (2x + y) (2x + y)
05

(c)(i) (x + iy)2 = −15 + 8i

 x2 + 2i xy – y2 = -15 + 8i # correct expansion 1
 x2 – y2 = − 15 and 2xy = 8 # 1 mark each for equating 2
(1) (1)
4 4
y = or x 
x y
16
 x2 − 2 =  15 #substitution for x or y 1
x
x4 – 16 + 15 x2 = 0 or 16 + 15 y2 - y4 = 0
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question
Questio 1(continued)

Let p = x2
p2 + 15p – 16 = 0
(p + 16)(p − 1) = 0 Total

Solution
p = −16 p = 1 award mark if only p=1 is shown 1
Not possible

∴ x2 = 1  x = ± 1 award for at least one x value. 1

at x = 1; y = 4; at x = −1; y = −4 Award final mark 1
The complex numbers are for showing
u = −1 − 4i and u = 1 + 4i both y values. CAO

Alt: (16 – y2)(1+ y2)= 0

∴ y2 = 16  y = ±4 or y2 = -1, not possible
at y = 4; x = 1; at y = −4; x = −1
The complex numbers are
u = −1 − 4i and u = 1 + 4i
7

(c)(ii) z2 – (3 + 2i) z + (5 + i) = 0

2
3 + 2i  ± 3 + 2i  - 45 + i  1
z= # quadratic formula
2
3 + 2i ± -15 + 8i
= # simplifying 1
2

 either (1) (1)

3 + 2i + 1 + 4i  3 + 2i  1 + 4i  3
z= or z =
2 2
(2) #for both values of z; (1) using u = 1 + 4i

= 2 + 3i = 1 – i
5

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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME
Question 2

Specific Objectives: C 1(c); 5,8,9,10

Solution Total
(a)(i) ∫ xn eax dx

u = xn dv = eax dx (1)

1 2
du = nxn-1 dx v = eax (1)
a

n ax
x e n
⇒ ∫ xneax dx =  ∫ xn-1 eax dx= aIn 2
a a
(1) (1) for showing the result
04
(ii) 3 3x
x e 2 3x
∫ x3e3xdx =   x e dx 1
3

3 3x 2 3x
x e x e 2 3x
=  +  xe dx
3 3 3 2
(1) (1)

3 3x 2 3x 3x
x e x e 2  xe 1 3x 
=  +    e dx  2
3 3 3  3 3 
(1) (1)
3 3x 2 3x 3x
x e x e 2xe 2 3x
=  +  e + C 1
3 3 9 27
C must be shown
06
Alternatively,
∫ x3e3xdx
u  x3 dv  e3x dx
1 1
du / dx  3x 2 v  e3 x
3
x3 3 x
  x e dx  e   x 2e3 x dx
3 3x
1
3
x 3
x 2
2 
 e3 x   e3 x   xe3 x dx  1
3 3 3 
x3 3 x x 2 3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x
 e  e  xe   e dx 1
3 3 9 9
3 3x 2 3x 3x
xe xe 2 xe 2e3 x
    c 1
3 3 9 27
(1) For choosing appropriate u and dv at each step 1
06
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME
Question 2 (continued)

Solution Total
(b) 1 -1
sin x
 1  x2
dx
0
1
u = sin-1x ⇒ du = dx
1- x
2 2
(1) (1) SOI


1
sin-1 x 2
⇒ 
0 1  x 2
dx = 
0
u du 1


1 2 2
= u 2
=
2 8 0 2
(1) integrating (1)
Correct limits must be applied.
05

(c)(i) 2 2
2x  x+4 2x x + 4 A Bx + c
3 = 2 = + 2
1
x + 4x x(x + 4) x x +4

⇒ 2x2 − x + 4 = A(x2 + 4) + x (Bx + C) 1

Content: 4 = 4A ⇒ A = 1 at least one of A and C 1
coeff x : -1 = C
coeff x2 : 2 = A + B ⇒ B = 1 1

2
2x - x +4 1 x -1
 3 = + 2
x + 4x x x +4 1
1 x 1
= + 2 - 2
x x +4 x +4
05

(ii) 2x 2  x + 4
 x3 + 4x dx
1 x 1
= x dx + x 2
 4
dx - x 2
+ 4
dx
1

 ln x +
1
2
ln  x2 + 4  12 tan-1  2x  + C 4
(1) (1) (1) (1)
05

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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME
Question 3

Specific Objectives: B, 3,4,5,9

Solution Total

(a)(i) f(a) = ln (5 + x)
f(2) = ln 7 1
1 1
f'(x)=  f ' (2) = 1
5 + x 7

-1
f '' (x)= -(5 + x)2  f '' (2) = 1
72

2
f''' (x) = 2(5 + x)-3 ⇒ f'''(2) = 3 1
7

1 1 2 1 3
f( x )  ln 7 + (x - 2) - (x - 2) F.T.
(x - 2) +
7 98 1029 2
(1) for using (x-2) (1) coefficients
06

(ii) 2 3 1
5 5 5
f(7) – ln 7 =  + Substitution F.T.
7 98 1029
= 0.581 (3 sf.) F.T. 1

02
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME
Question 3 (continued)

Solution Total

(b)(i) Let
3 3 3 1 2 2 1
Pn be the proposition that 1 + 2 +...+ n = n (n + 1)
4
1
P1 : 13 = 1 = (1)2(1 + 1)2
4
1
4
= = 1 hence P1 is true
4

Assume that Pn is true for n = k i.e. 13 + 23 + …+ k3

1 2 2 1
= k (k + 1)
4

At n = k + 1 1

1
Pk + 1 ⇒ k2(k + 1)2 + (k + 1)3
4 2
(1) (1)
2 1 2 
= (K + 1)  K + K + 1
4 
1
= (k + 1)2 (k2 + 4k + 4) (1) for simplifying
4 2
(1) (1) for getting correct form
1
= (k + 1)2 (k + 2)2
4
(1)

1
= (k + 1)2 ((k + 1) + 1)2 true at n = k + 1
4

QED i.e.

Since Pn is true at n = k + 1 when Pn is assumed to be

1
true at n = k and P1 is true, Pn is true for all n  N.
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3 (continued)

Solution Total

(b)(ii) 2n + 1
1 2

i = 1
i3 =
4
2n + 1 (2n + 2)
2
1

1 2 2
= (2n + 1) (n + 1) 4 1
4
= (2n + 1)2 (n + 1)2 1
03

(iii) n + 1


i = 1
(2i – 1)3 = 13 + 33 + 53 + …+ (2n + 1)3

2n + 1 3 23 + 43 + 63 + ... + 2n 3  1

=  i 
i = 1  
SOI
Now
23 + 43 + 63 + … +(2n)3 = 23 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3  1
 

n 3 1 2 2
  2i  = 8   n (n + 1) = 2n  n + 1
2 2
 1
i = 1 4
n+1 3 2 2
  2i  1 = 2n + 1  n + 1  2n (n + 1)
2 2
1
i = 1
= (n + 1)2 (2n2 + 4n + 1) CAO 1

05
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 4

Specific Objectives: C 3,4; D,1, 2, 6

Solution Total

(a) Ways of arranging boys at the two ends 8x7 = 56 1

Unrestricted arrangements of others 8! = 40,320 1

Arrangements with girls together 2(7!) = 10,080 1

Number of arrangements with girls not at the ends.

8(7)*[8! – 2(7!)] SOI 1
= 1,693,440 1
05
Alternatively,
Ways of arranging the boys 8!=40,320 1
Girls may use 7 available spaces 1
Number of arrangements for girls is 7P2=42 1

Total number of arrangements is 8!( 7P2) =1,693,440 2

(1) (1)
05

(b)(i) 2 3 4
1 2 1 3 1 4
8 87   x 876   x 8765   x
 1  1  8  8  8 3
 1+ x   1+8  x + + +
 8   8 2! 3! 4!

(1) (1) coefficients

Give marks if one coefficient is incorrect.
1
(1) for powers of x
8

7 2 7 3 35
= 1 + x + x + x + x4 CAO 1
16 64 2048
04

(ii) 1
1.0125 = 1 + x ⇒ x = 0.1 2
8

(1) SOI (1) 2

7 7 35
1.01258 ≈ 1 + 0.1 + (0.1)2 + (0.1)3 +(0.1)4 SOI 1
16 64 2048
= 1.10 Must show x=0.1 to get this mark. 1
04
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 4 (continued)

Solution Total

(c)(i) f(0)= -1


0 < 1 <  cos(1) < 1 1
2
 f(1)= 1 -cos(1) > 0

f is continuous since x and –cos x are continuous 1

∴ By the IVT f(x) has a root in the interval [0,1] 1
03

(ii) C = a+b
a b f(a) f(b) f(c)
2
0 1 - + 0.5 -0.17048
(1) (1) 4
0.5 1 - + 0.75
(1) (1)

x2 = 0.75 Award marks if candidate did more

iterations
04

(d)(i) − 2x3 − 3x + 9 = 0 at the root of f(x)

9  3x 1
x3 =
2
9  3x 9  3xn
x=3  x n+1 = 3 1
2 2
02

(ii) 9  3
x2 = 3 = 1.4423 1
2

9  3(1.4423)
x3 = 3 = 1.33 2
2
SOI (1) (1)
03

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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 5

Specific Objectives: B 6,7,8; A 13,15,17

Solution Total

(a)(i) P(A only) = P(A) – P(A∩B)

P(A∩B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∪B) SOI 1
= 0.6 + 0.2 -0.7
= 0.1 1
⟹P(A only) = 0.6 – 0.1 = 0.5 1
03

(ii) P(A) P(B) = (0.6) (0.2) = 0.12 1

Since P(A) P(B) ≠ P(AnB), the events are not independent 1
02

(b)(i)

04

(ii) P (second ball is white)

3  1   2  1  2
=     +    
6   5 6   5
(1) (1)
1
=
6 1
03
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 5 (continued)

Solution Total

(c)(i)  1 -1 1   30 -12 2 
   
AB = 1 -2 4
   5 -8 3 
 1 3 9   -5 4 1 
   

 30 -5 -5 -12 + 8 + 4 2 -3 + 1 
  3
= 30-10-20 -12 +16 + 16 2 -6 + 4
  SOI
 30 + 15 - 45 -12 - 24 + 36 2 + 9 + 9 
 

 20 0 0  1 0 0
    2
=
 0 20 0 = 20 0 1 0 SOI
  
 0 20  0 0 1
 0  
(1) 05

(ii)  30 -12 2 
1 1  
A-1 = B = 5 -8 3
20 20   2
 -5 4 1 
(1) (1)
02
(iii) 1 -1 1 x  1
1 -2     
4 y = 5 1
     
1 3 9  z  25
(1)

1 -1 1 x 30 -12 2  1

1 
B 1 -2 4
 y  = 1  5 -8 3
  5 2
20     20    
1 3 9  z  -5 4 1 25

(1)
x  30 - 60 + 50  20
y  = 1  5 - 40 + 75  = 1 40 2
  20   20  
z  -5 + 20 + 25 40
(1) (1)
x 1
 y  = 2 1
z  2
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 6

Specific Objectives: C 1,2,5

Solution Tota
l

(a)(i) dy
(1 + x2) + 2 x y = 3x
dx

dy 2x 3 x
 + 2 y = 2
1
dx 1+ x 1+ x

2x

2
I(x) = e dx = e n (1 + x ) 2
1 + x2 = 1 + x2

3 1
x
I(x)y = ∫ (1 + x2) dx =  x3 dx (1) SOI 1
1 + x2

4
3 x3
= + C (1)
4 2

(1)
4
1 3 3 + C

y = 2  x  (1) 1
1 + x 4 
07

(ii) y(0)= 2 ⇒ 2 = C (1) 1

1 3 43 
 y= 2  x + 2
1 + x 4 
1

1 3 
 y (1) =  + 2
2 4 

11 1
= or 1.38
8
03

(b)(i) y'' + 4y' = 2 cos 3x - 4 sin 3x

U = y' ⇒ y'' = U' 1

y'' + 4y' = U' + 4U = 2 cos 3x – 4 sin 3x 1

02
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02234020/CAPE/KMS 2017
PURE MATHEMATICS
UNIT 2 — PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 6 (continued)

Solution Total

(ii) U' + 4U = 0
⇒ U' = −4U
1 1
U du =  4 dx 
⇒ ln |U| = −4x + K 1
and U = e-4x + K

∴ yc = ∫ 𝑒-4x + K dx = Ge-4x + c 1

Let y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x 1

y' = −3A sin 3x + 3B cos 3x 1

y'' = −9A cos 3x + 9B sin 3x 1

⇒ −9A cos 3x – 9B sin 3 x – 12A sin 3x + 12B cos 3x 1

= 2 cos B x – sin 3x

−9A + 12B = 2 ~ Eq1 1

−9B − 12A = −4 ~ Eq2

4 16
Eq 2 X   :12B + 16A = Eq 3
3 3
10 1
Eq 3  Eq 1: 25A =
3
2
A=
15
−9  215 + 12B = 2
1

 18  1 1
 B =  2+ 
 15  12
4
=
15 1
2 4
Hence y p = cos 3x  sin 3x
15 15

4x 2 4
and y = Ge + C + cos 3x  sin 3x 1
15 15
13

25