INTRODUCTION

Definition
Intro is the beginning of a song that is an introduction to the song. Usually, intro filler
music or vocal sounds whose notes are taken from reff songs. But there are also those who make
their own intro tones that are different from tone in the middle of the song.
The intro is also divided into initial intro, middle intro, and final intro. The initial intro is
at the beginning of the song. The middle intro is usually placed after the reff/chorus and the final
intro at coda/ending.

Function
The intro is also function to give the singer and listener time to prepare themselves before the
song is actually played.

How to Make
 Start the introduction broad, but no too broad
 Provide relevan background, but don’t begin to sing
 Convince the listener that the song is worth listening

Example
 The song from Annne Marie, the title is 2002. This song is include the final intro
 The song from Jessie J , the title is Flashlight. This song is include the initial intro

Conclusion
If you listen one or more instruments played on the song, that this the intro. If you wanna make
the intro of the song, make that the intro reflect the song.
 VERSE

Definition
Verse of the song is the introduction of a song before the chorus, may also be called the
temple. verse are a important part of a song. a song may have one verse of many. Whatever the
number, they take the main idea and explore it in different ways.
Two ar more sections of the song have almost identical music but different lyrics, each
section is considered one verse. The verse contains the details of the song : the story, the event,
images and emotions that the writer wishes to express.

Function :
 To tell the main story of the song
 Include songs that use a refrain at the end of each verse, a repeated line or prove that
emphasizes the main point
 To support the chorus of refrain, both musically and lyrically
 An introduction to a song

How to make :
 Begin by free-writing lines about your topic
 Build a rhyme scheme around your favorite lines
 Add metaphors, symbolism, internal rhyme, and poetic language to make your lines pop
 Start with a powerful line or hook
 Develop a flow, or rhythm, to your verse
 Rewrite your verse to fit the beat

Example :
 Verse I = There goes my heart beating cause you are the reason I’m losing my sleep
please come back now

 Verse II = There goes my hand shaking and you are the reason my heart
Keeps bleeding I need you now

Conclusion :
The verse section is not the climax of the song. Only in the form of an introduction and
contains the opening sentences. Most song details are in the verse section that tells more
that the chorus section.
 PRE-CHORUS

Definition
Pre-chorus is a bridge between verse and chorus. A bridge serves to connect two diffrent
altitudes. Likewise with the pre-chorus, the main task is to create a flow of dynamics that is
comfortable to hear the ears, both musically or lirically. Pre-chorus is a part of a song made to
start the chorus. Musically this part is distingushed by other musical patterns of song parts and
usually ends with a dominant chord (V) to greet the first chord in the chorus, which is usually a
tonic chord (I) ; this is done to make the chorus sound climax, or to get the `wow factor` from the
chorus.
Pre-chorus usually contains lyrics that contain sentences to greet the lyrics in the chorus, the
contents of which depend on the lyrics in the chorus. Other variations in writing lyrics for this
section can be considered, depending on the creativity of the artist.

Function
1. Deliver lyrics that transition between narrative/descriptive verses to emotive
choruces.
2. As a bridge to the chord progression between verse and chorus.
3. Create a flow of dynamisc thst is comfortable to hear that ears, both musically or
lirically.

How to make
1. Make a sure your verse chords connect properly to the chorus and then insert a
pre-chorus.
2. Move the pre-chorus melody gradually upward.
3. Make a pre-chorus melody heavily reliant on short, repating melodic cells.

Example
In the song to “good at good bye” there is a pre-chours in the lyrics:
“ But every time you hurt me
The less that i cry
And every time you leave me
The quicker there tears dry
And every time you walk out
The less i love you
Baby, we don`t stand a chance
It`s sad but it`s true”

Conclusion
Pre-chours is a bridge between verse and chorus.
 CHORUS

Definition
Chorus is the most awaited part of a song, usually the song’s main statement or mission is
in this section.The chorus has a higher excitement value than verse.The tone found on the chorus
is usually a further development of verse, which contain a climax leap.
Chorus is the message of the core/core chorus story using a different and more
comfortable tone pattern than verse.

Function
This section is repeated several times with the same pattern or with different small variations.The
intensity of the music is already high and usually reaches the listener’s emotional climax.After
that, the chorus is an explanatory part of the emotions of a song.

How to make
1. Create a pattern to create a motif
2. Put a hook in the chorus to make it more catchy.
3. Keep the lyrics of the chorus simple so people can memorize it
4. Try to make the lyrics emotional and moving for more impact
5. Convey the main message of the song in the chorus
6. Incorporate juxtaposition to make the lyrics interesting

Example
I’d climb every mountain
And swim every ocean
Just to be with you
And fix what I’ve broken

Conclusion
Chorus is the refrain may be considered as anything that's not the verse, a song part that contains
the hook or title and appears more than once in a song
 BRIDGE

Definition
A Bridge is a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material
section. A bridge may be a transition, but more after in popular music is a section that contrast
with the verse, usually ends on the dominant, and often culminates in a strong retransitional v.
(Bridge ini biasanya dipakai untuk menjembatangi atau menghubungkan antara bagian-bagian
lagu, misalnya antara chorus dengan verse atau sebaliknya).

Function
 Bridge is a part of a song that contrasts with other parts,
 Bridge builds energy towards the next section, and
 Bridge can connect to the chorus or return to verse.

How to make
 Contrast melodically meaning that your bridge is different in tone,
 Harmony in contrast means that the bridge is different in its chord progression,
 Rhytmic contrast means the bridge is different in legth and short tone.

Example
An example of a bridge in the song “All Of Me”-John Legend,in section :
Give me all of me
Cards on the table
We are both showing
Hearts
Risking it all,though it is hard

Conclusion
A work of art is a whole bady, but at the same time contains a contrasting part in it to
make the work interesting or in other words dimension.
 CONCLUSION

Definition
Outro is the end of a song that only contains musical instruments or without poetry. The
tone used is different from the previous tones, or just modifying the previous tone to end the
song gently and not seem to stop suddenly or oddly.

An outro (also sometimes referred to as the coda) of a song is, as one might think, the inverse of
an intro section. It’s a structural element designed to wrap things up and ease the listener toward
the song’s conclusion.

While some intros recur at points throughout a song, the outro is not a recurring section and only
appears at the end of a song’s timeline.

Function
Similar to the intro, the outro can take multiple forms. It can present itself as solely
instrumental in nature, with a chord progression backing and a top-line melody played by an
instrument or instruments. The outro can also present itself as a chord progression covered by a
top-line melody that’s sung with a lyric or in nonsense syllables.

An outro can run the gamut, from full-band arrangement to singular element (a solo instrument,
an a cappella vocal, a string section, a drum beat, etc.)

Like the intro, dynamics also come into play with the outro. For example, the outro can be used
to gently back down the intensity built up over a song’s timeline, leading the listener to an
organic, soothing song conclusion. Or conversely, the outro can take that built up intensity and
ratchet it up even further, pushing the listener to an exciting song conclusion. The possibilities
are only limited by your imagination.

How to make
The outro can vary in many ways. The simplistic way is to just let some last chords ring
out. Another way is to use a so-called fade out. The fade out can for example be done when the
chorus is repeated.
 COLLISION

Definition
An elision is a section of music where different sections overlap one another, usually for
a short period. It is mostly used in fast-paced music, and it is designed to create tension and
drama. Songwriters use elision to keep the song from losing its energy during cadences, the
points at which the music comes to rest on, typically on a tonic or dominant chord. If a song
has a section that ends with a cadence on the tonic, if the songwriter gives this cadence a full
bar, with the chord held as a whole note, this makes the listener feel like the music is
stopping. However, if songwriters use an elided cadence, they can bring the section to a
cadence on the tonic, and then, immediately after this cadence, begin a new section of music
which overlaps with the cadence. Another form of elision would, in a chorus later in the
song, to interject musical elements from the bridge.

Function
Usually used deliberately, elisions are often found in prose and poetry with the objective
to continue a regular meter, or to create flow in iambic pentameter. Since a specific meter
is required, elision is employed to achieve the set number of syllables necessary to create
flow in a piece. Several other languages use elision to cut down the number of words or to
improve the flow of speech.

How to make and example

Tam O’Shanter (By Robert Burns)
“Whiles holding fast his guid blue bonnet,
Whiles crooning o’er an auld Scots sonnet,
Whiles glow’ring round wi prudent cares,
Lest bogles catch him unawares:
Kirk-Alloway was drawing nigh,
Where ghaists and houlets nightly cry.”

In this excerpt, the elided words include “o’er” and “glow’ring“. The vowel “e” is
eliminated and replaced with an apostrophe. Through elision the rhythm and meter of the
poem is maintained.

Conclusion
Elision is the deletion of a letter or letters in a word. This omitting of letters serves the
purpose of maintaining a metrical pattern or creating rhythm in the writing.
 INSTRUMENTAL SOLO

Definition
Instrumental solo is a section designed to showcase an instrumentalist (e.g a guitarist or a
harmonica player) or less comonly, more than one instrumentlist (e.g a trumpeter and a sax
player).
The solo section may take place over the chords from the verse, chorus, or bridge, or over a
standard solo backing progression such as the 12-bar blues progression. In some pop songs,
the solo performer plays the sme melodies that were performed by the lead singer, often with
flourishes and embellishments, such as riffs, scale runs anf arpeggios. In blues or jazz
influenced pop songs, the solo performer may improve a solo.

Function
A solo is a special section designed to showcase an instrumentalist or sometimes more
than one instrumentalist. The solo section may use the verse chords, pre-chorus chords, chorus
chords or bridge chords.

How to Make
For some pop songs, the solo performer choose the some melodies previously sung in
other section of the song,or sometimes a solo instrumentalist will directly echo a phrase sung
immediately before in a question-amswer format.

Example
For example, the part of saxophone music in "Love your Self" song is the tone as in verse :
For all the times
That you rained on my parade
And all the club's you get in
Using my name

Conclusion
We must always love ourselves before loving each others
 AD LIB

Definition

Ad libitum (/ædˈlɪbɪtəm/) is Latin for "at one's pleasure" or "as you desire"; it is
often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun).
The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ("in accordance with [one's] good
pleasure") is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, entered the musical lingua
franca (see below).
The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the
alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation
between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in
English.

Function

As a direction in sheet music, ad libitum indicates that the performer or conductor has
one of a variety of types of discretion with respect to a given passage:
 to play the passage in free time rather than in strict or "metronomic" tempo (a practice
known as rubato when not expressly indicated by the composer);
 to improvise a melodic line fitting the general structure prescribed by the passage's
written notes or chords;
 to omit an instrument part, such as a nonessential accompaniment, for the duration of
the passage; or
 in the phrase "repeat ad libitum," to play the passage an arbitrary number of times (cf.
vamp).
Note that the direction a piacere (see above) has a more restricted meaning, generally
referring to only the first two types of discretion. Baroque music, especially, has a written
or implied ad libitum, with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and
conductor have. For post-Baroque classical music and jazz, see cadenza.

How to make
Voiced after the instrument and done at will to compensate for the instrument

Example
An example of a bridge in the song “Imagination”- Shawn Mendes,in section :
In my dreams, you're with me
We'll be everything I want us to be
And from there, who knows, maybe this will be the night
That we kiss for the first time
Or is that just me and my imagination
Imagination
Imagination
(Whoa, whoa, whoa)
Conclusion
The main purpose of music is to expression mood, so that the feeling of the heart can
be emitted and shows freedom, it is contained in ad libitum