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答題須知:
一、請由答題紙第六列開始作答,並標明題號。考試時間為 19: 00~21: 30, 20: 00 以後方可交卷。
二、請詳列相關公式及計算過程,記得寫上單位,並以 M.K.S制表示。
1
【0 = 4×10-7 C2/Nm2,ke = = 9×109 Nm2/C2,me = 9.1×10-31 kg,mp = 1.67×10-27 kg】
4 0
1. (10%) Figure 1 shows two concentric rings, of radii R and R
= 3.00R, that lie on the same plane. Point P lies on the
central z axis, at distance D = 3 R from the center of the
rings. The smaller ring has uniformly distributed charge –Q.
The larger ring has uniformly distributed charge +3Q. (a)
What is electrostatic field E at position P? (b) What is electrostatic force Fig. 1
F on a particle charge q at position P?
Fig. 2
【1 分】
For r = 0.5 m qenc = 0 E = 0 【1 分】
【只寫答案僅給1 分】
For 1 r 3 qenc = 【1 分】
【1 分】
= 1.00 nC/m3, r = 2.0 m, a = 1.0 m 10-9 (N/C) 【1 分】
For 1 r 3 r 時 E
For r > 3 r 時 E 【1 分】
r = 3 m 時 E 有最大值 【1 分】
or 畫圖
【1 分】 r = 3 m 時 E = Emax 【1 分】
【未解釋原因或解釋不完整僅給1 分】
r
1 3
3. (10%) A certain electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field of
magnitude 40 N/C. Figure 3 gives the magnitude of the torque | | on
the dipole versus the angle between field and the dipole moment p
. The vertical axis scale is set by s = 80 10-28 N m. (a) What is the
magnitude of p ? (b) How much work must an external agent do to
rotate this electric dipole from the angle with minimal torque ( = 0o) Fig. 3
to the angle with maximal torque ( = max)?
(a) P E PE sin 【2 分,未列出此式者不給分】
∵ = 90 (or = 90) for max ∴max = PE 【1 分】
80 10-28 = P (40) 【1 分】
P = 2 10-28 (Cm) 【1 分】
2 10 28
【答案為 ,僅給 2 分】
sin
(b) Wext = U 【1 分】
= U( = 90 or = 90) U( = 0) = PE cos 90 (PE cos 0) 【2 分】
= PE 【1 分】
= 80 10-28 (J) 【1 分】
【只寫答案僅給 1 分】
By Gauss’ law
q' 1 r3
E dA (
0 0 R3
)q (q為半徑 r 內之電荷) 【1 分】
1 r3
Er ( 4 r2 ) = ( )q
0 R3
q
Er = r 【2 分】
4 0 R 3
R R q
VR Vr = r Er dr r ( ) r dr 【3 分】
4 0 R 3
1 q
但 VR =
4 0 R
R q q q 1 2 q
Vr = VR
r
(
4 0 R 3
) r dr
4 0 R 4 0 R 2
3
(R r 2 )
8 0 R 3
(3R 2 r 2 ) 【4 分】
5. (10%) Figure 4 shows, in cross section, a cylindrical capacitor of
length L formed by two coaxial cylinders of radii a and b. We
assume that L b so that we can neglect the fringing of the
electric field that occurs at the ends of the cylinders. If the inner
cylinder has a charge +q, (a) derive that the capacitance of this
L
cylindrical capacitor is C 2 0 ; (b) how much potential
ln(b / a )
energy is stored in the electric field of this charged cylindrical
capacitor? And (c) what is the energy density at r = a? (d) If this
Fig. 4
capacitor is filled with dielectric materials with the dielectric
constant , what is the capacitance of this cylindrical capacitor?
qenc
(a) Use Gauss’s Law , 【寫出高斯定律 1 分,向量或內積標示不清者扣 0.5 分】
0
q q
2rLE E (r ) 【導出電場 2 分】【只寫出電場僅給 1 分】
0 2 0 rL
E ds Eds cos 180 Eds
V E ds Eds and ds dr
【寫出電位積分公式 1 分,上下限錯誤或向量標示不清者扣 0.5 分】
a a
q q 1 q q b
V Eds dr dr (ln a ln b) ln( )
b
2rL 0 2 0 L b r 2 0 L 2 0 L a
【導出電位 2 分,直接寫出電位僅給 1 分】
q q 2 0 L
C
V q b b
ln( ) ln( )
2 0 L a a
【算出電容 1 分】
2 2
q2
(b) W q CV qV b
ln( ) 【1 分,只寫出公式僅給 0.5 分】
2C 2 2 4 0 L a
q
0( )2
(c) u 0 E 2 0 aL
2
1 q 2 【1 分,只寫出公式僅給 0.5 分】
( )
2 2 8 0 aL
2 0 L
C ' C0
(d) b 【1 分】
ln( )
a
6. (10%) Switch S in Fig. 5 is closed at time t = 0, to begin charging an
initially uncharged capacitor of capacitance C = 20.0 F through a
resistor of resistance R = 50.0 and a battery with emf . (a) What are
the potential differences across the resistor and the capacitor at time t =
10-3 sec, respectively? (b) At what time is the potential across the
Fig. 5
capacitor just half of that across the resistor?
and , respectively.
By , 令為 Z 方向 為 X 方向
當 q 為正值時 , 利用右手定則知為 – Y 方向 與圖相符合
所以知道 q 為正值 (proton)
【2 分,有解釋且表示為質子得 2 分,如直接寫下答案為質子得 1 分】 Z Y
且因為和垂直,所以粒子在磁場內作圓周運動
,代入
粒子進入磁場只有經過 T/2 = 160 ns X
【2 分】
…………..[Eq. 1]
【4 分】
【2 分,沒寫單位扣 1 分】
8. (10%) In Figure 7, a metal wire of mass m = 24.1 10-3 g can
slide with negligible friction on two horizontal parallel rails
separated by distance d = 2.56 cm. The track lies in a vertical
uniform magnetic field of magnitude 735 gauss. At time t = 0,
the speed of the wire is zero and device G is connected to the
rails, producing a constant current i = 9.13 10-3 A in the Fig. 7
wire and rails (even as the wire moves). At t = 61.1 10-3 s, what are the wire’s (a) speed and (b)
direction of motion (left or right) ?
金屬條所受磁力,大小為 【1 分】
由右手定則可知受力方向向左
By 【1 分】
利用右手定則可知方向向左 【5 分】
【3 分】
Fig. 8
(a) 60
3
The direction of magnetic field due to the smaller arc is out of page. And the magnitude of
magnetic field is Bout 0i 0i 0i 【方向及大小 4 分】
4R 4R 3 12 R
The direction of magnetic field due to the larger arc is into the page. And the magnitude of
magnetic field is Bin 0i 0i 0i 【方向及大小 4 分】
4 (2 R) 4 (2 R) 3 24 R
i i i
The net magnetic field is B Bin Bout 0 0 0 .
24 R 12 R 24 R
i
The magnitude of magnetic field is B 0 , 【1 分】
24 R
(b) The direction is out of the page. 【1 分】
i1
10. (10%) In Figure 9, a long straight wire carries a current i1 and a
rectangular loop carries current i2 = 2 i1. take a = R, b = 8 R, and L a
= 5 R. In unit-vector notation, what is the net force on the loop due
to i1?
b
L
Fig. 9
i1 為無限長直導線
由安培定律得知:
0 i1
B1 【1 分】
2r
0 i1i2 L
因此 F i2 L B1 【2 分】
2r
線圈左右所造成的磁力利用右手定則知互相抵消 【2 分】
線圈上下兩段分別受力:
0 i1i2 L 0i1 2i1 5 R 5 0 i12
F上 ( yˆ ) ( yˆ ) ( yˆ ) 【1 分】
2a 2R
0 i1i2 L i 2i 5 R 5 0 i12
F下 ( yˆ ) 0 1 1 ( yˆ ) ( yˆ ) 【1 分】
2 (a b) 2 9 R 9
5 i 2 1 40 0i12
Fnet F上 F下 0 1 (1 )( yˆ ) ( yˆ ) 【3 分】
9 9