Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Keys to
SOIL SERIES
NUEVA ECIJA
Nueva Ecija v
vi Simplified Keys TO Soil Series
Foreword
LEOCADIO S. SEBASTIAN
PhilRice Executive Director
Nueva Ecija 1
Guide to Soil Series Identification
Lateritic nodules
Nueva Ecija 3
7. Take note also of other
observable soil properties
such as polished surface
(cutans/slickensides),
softness, hardness,
stickiness, etc.
slickensides /
polished soil surfaces
Nueva Ecija 5
Gray/Yellowish Gray
Texture
Clay page 7
Clay Loam page 8
Texture: Clay
Maligaya (Mlg)
pH 6.8-7.2
Fe (brown) and Mn
Others (black) concretions;
slickensides
go to page 18
Zaragosa (Zg)
pH 6.8-7.4
Fe (dark greenish
Others gray) and Mn (black)
concretions
go to page 18
Nueva Ecija 7
Gray/Yellowish Gray
Prensa (Pr)
pH 6.5-7.2
Fe (yellowish brown)
Others and Mn (black) mottles;
slickensides
go to page 18
Texture
Clay Loam page 10
Clay page 11
Nueva Ecija 9
Dark Grayish Brown
pH 6.7-7.4
go to page 19
Texture: Clay
Bantog (Btg)
pH 7.2-7.6
go to page 19
pH 6.5-7.0
Others compacted
go to page 19
Nueva Ecija 11
Dark Yellowish Brown
Texture
Loamy sand/Silt Loam page 13
Clay page 14
Clay Loam page 15
Silt Loam page 16
Quingua (Qga)
pH 6.8-7.6
Fe (yellowish brown)
Others and Mn (black) mottles
go to page 20
Nueva Ecija 13
Dark Yellowish Brown
Texture: Clay
Sibul (Sbl)
pH 5.5-6.0
Fe (yellowish brown)
Others
mottles
go to page 20
Umingan (Umn)
pH 5.8-6.7
Others none
go to page 21
Nueva Ecija 15
Dark Yellowish Brown
Annam (Anm)
pH 5.5-6.0
go to page 21
Nueva Ecija 17
00 cm 00 cm 00 cm
Apg Apg Ap
15
10
25
ABg
30 Bcg
AB 25
50
Bg1
Btcg
52 50
Bg1
BCcg
Bg2
Bg2
Cg
90 110 94
Ap2 Bwg1
35
30
Bw1 Bwg2
70
40
Bw2
Bwg3
60
100
70
Bw3
Bwg4
140 110 90
Nueva Ecija 19
00 cm 00 cm
Ap Ap
Bw1
AB
40
30
Bw1
Bw2
60
80
Bw2
Bw3 120
100
BC
Bw4
125 175
Bo1
AB
25
50
BW1 Bo2
50
BC1
75
BW2
75
BC2
BC
100 115
Nueva Ecija 21
Properties
of Different
Soil Types
that affect
the growth
of crops
Nueva Ecija 23
Table 1. (continuation)
Nueva Ecija 25
yield is computed by multiplying the potential
index by the maximum potential yield. For
instance, the maximum potential yield in the
dry season is 8 tons/hectare, and the inherent
and potential productivity ratings for Maligaya
soil is 0.83 and 0.93, respectively. Then, the
predicted inherent and potential yields of rice
in Maligaya soils are 6.6 and 7.4 tons/ha,
respectively.
Inherent Potential
Soil Series
Productivity Productivity
Annam 0.58 0.73
Bantog 0.81 0.91
Maligaya 0.83 0.93
Prensa 0.60 0.78
Quingua 0.68 0.78
San Fabian 0.60 0.70
San Manuel 0.75 0.85
Nueva Ecija 27
Crop Suitability Analysis
Soil suitability classification refers to the use of
a piece of land on a sustainable basis, based on
physical and chemical properties and environmental
factors. It is the ultimate aim of soil survey and
this may come up through a good judgment and a
thorough evaluation of soil properties and qualities
like depth, texture, slope, drainage, erosion, flooding
and fertility. Based from these properties, the
suitability of a certain tract of land for crop production
is determined.
Nueva Ecija 29
N2 - Permanently not suitable
Table 3. (continuation)
Soil Series Slope Tobacco Sweet Sugar- Peanut Water Mango
Potato cane Melon
Annam undulating to rolling S3ts S2f S3t S3t S3t S3t
Bantog level to nearly level S3ws S1 S1 S1 S2ws S1
Maligaya level to undulating S3wsf S2f S2f S3f S3wf S2f
Prensa gently sloping S2f S3f S3f S2f S2f S2f
Quingua level to nearly level S2f S2f S2f S2f S2f S2f
San Fabian rolling to hilly S3f S3f S3f S2tsf S3sf S3s
San Manuel level to nearly level S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1
Sibul undulating, rolling, to steep Nt S3f Nt Nt Nt Nt
S2sf S2f S2sf S2sf S2sf S2sf
Nueva Ecija 31
Soil Management
Recommendations
The goal of soil management is to protect
soil and enhance its performance to increase
farm profitably and preserve environmental
quality. It is the combination of soil factors
to maximize crop production at the lowest
possible cost while leaving the soil in a
productive state. It involves: maintaining the
soil in good physical condition, maintaining
the soil fertility status, and influencing the
biological aspect of the soil so that maximum
benefits result (Harpstead, et al., 1997).
Soil management recommendations suitable
for each soil identified were enumerated in
the succeeding pages (table 4). In making
soil management recommendations, soil
properties such as texture, mineralogy,
moisture and temperature regimes, and
climate were considered since these factors
affect the crop growth. However, these
properties cannot be changed but control
tillage, crop rotations, soil amendments
and other management choices can be
done. Through these choices, the structure,
biological activity, chemical content of
soil can be altered and later on influence
erosion rates, pest population, and nutrient
availability and crop production.
Nueva Ecija 33
Soil Soil Management Recommendations
Limitations
Series Root crop Tree/Forest/
for crop production Rice Diversified crops
Plantation crop
Bantog poor drainage; high practice shallow construction of establishment of unsuitable
shrink and swell cultivation when adequate drainage adequate drainage under present
capacity upon wetting soil moisture and irrigation conditions but
Nueva Ecija 35
Cropping Pattern: rice-rice; rice-diversified crops/vegetables/root crops
Soil Limitations Soil Management Recommendations
Series for crop Root crop Tree/Forest/
production Rice Diversified crops
Plantation crop
Quin- climate, suited for suited for diversified crops; suited for root suited for
gua seasonal paddy rice; construction of adequate crops; construction tree crops;
flooding application drainage irrigation and flood of adequate construction
Nueva Ecija 37
Cropping Pattern: rice-rice; rice-diversified crops/vegetables/root crops
Soil Limitations Soil Management Recommendations
Series for crop Root crop Tree/Forest/
production Rice Diversified crops
Plantation crop
Sibul shallow soil; not suited application of fertilizer contour terracing; fruit trees,
undulating to for irrigated and organic matter; buffer strip agroforest and
steep topography; lowland practice contour farming; cropping; proper industrial tree
Nueva Ecija 39
Cropping Pattern: rice-diversified crops/vegetables/root crops
40 Simplified Keys TO Soil Series
Soil Taxonomic
Classification
Nueva Ecija 41
Soil Taxonomic Classification
Soil taxonomy is a system of naming, describing,
and categorizing soils. It helps us to understand
how soils had formed, changed, and their effects
on crops and natural resource management. It
uses a specific nomenclature that both classifies
the soil and gives a distinctive name to the
individual soil. Names are constructed from the
formative elements (generally originating from
Greek and Latin) which are used in specific
combinations to provide a highly descriptive
name to a specific soil type.
Nueva Ecija 43
Soil Taxonomic Interpretation
Series Classification
Mali- Fine, smectitic, This is a fine loamy-
gaya isohyperthermic, textured soil with high clay
TYPIC content of 35-60% and has
CALCIAQUERT isohyperthermic temperature
regime (>22°C). It is a Vertisol
(-ert), dominated by shrink-
swell clays that cause deep
wide cracks, slickensides, very
sticky when wet and compact
when dry. It is a typical (typic)
representative of the great
group Calciaquerts which
means it is saturated with
water for repeated periods of
time (aqu-) manifested by its
grayish color with or without
mottles. This soil has high
calcium (calci-) saturation in
its subsoil horizons.
Prensa Fine, mixed, This is a fine-textured soil
isohyperthermic, containing a large amount
VERTIC of clay (35-60%) and has
EPIAQUALF isohyperthermic temperature
regime (>22°C). It is an
Alfisol (-alf), i.e. there is
illuvial accumulation on clay
in the subsoil horizons from
the underlying horizons. It
is saturated with water for
repeated periods of time (aqu-)
manifested by its grayish
color with or without mottles.
It is a representative of the
great group Epiaqualfs that
has vertic properties, i.e. it is
dominated by clays that shrink
and swell producing wide
cracks and slickensides due to
repeated wetting and drying.
Nueva Ecija 45
Soil Taxonomic Interpretation
Series Classification
Nueva Ecija 47
Zaragosa Fine, It is saturated with
(continued) smectitic (ca.), water for repeated
isohyperther- periods of time (aqu-)
mic, VERTIC manifested by its
EPIAQUEPT grayish color with or
without mottles. This
is a representative
of the great group
Epiaquepts vertic
properties, i.e. it
is dominated by
clays that shrink
and swell producing
wide cracks and
slickensides due to
repeated wetting and
drying.
Nueva Ecija 49
APPENDIX 1. STEPS TO IDENTIFY SOIL SERIES
1
Soil sampling
Depth of soil is
important. The
surface/top soil is not
a good basis since it is
always cultivated.
Nueva Ecija 51
3 Texture determination
If soil pH is 6 or greater,
repeat the steps using BTB
(brom thymol blue).
Nueva Ecija 53
APPENDIX 2. THE PALAYCHECK SYSTEM
3) Practiced synchronous
planting after a fallow
period.
4) Sufficient number of
healthy seedlings.
6) Avoided excessive
water or drought
stress that could
affect the growth and
the yield of the
crop.
7) No significant yield
loss due to pests.
Nueva Ecija 55
References
Badayos, R. B. 1990. Lowland rice soils in the
Philippines, their characteristics and classification
in relation to productivity. Inaugural Professorial
Lecture. SEARCA, UPLB.
Beinroth, F. H. 1978. Some fundamentals of
soil classification. In: Soil-resource data for
agricultural development. Ed. Leslie D. Swindale.
Hawaii Ag. Expt. Sra., College of Trop. Agric.,
University of Hawaii. p.12-19.
MI Harpstead, TJ Sauer, and WF Bennet. 1997.
Soil Science Simplified. 3rd Edition. Iowa State
University Press, Ames Iowa 50014.
“Simplified Keys to Soil Series (29 Soil Series for Maize
Production), Lop Buri Province” The International
Training Workshop on “Applying Information
Technology for Site-Specific Agriculture in Small
Farms of Tropics.” August 4-10, 2003. Bangkok,
Thailand.
Soil Survey of Nueva Ecija Province. Department of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of
Soils, Manila, Philippines. Bureau of Printing
Manila.
Soil Survey Manual. US Department of Agricultural
Handbook No. 18. August 1951.Soil Survey
Staff, Bureau of Plant and Industry, Soils, and
Agricultural Engineering. Agricultural Research
Administration, US Department of Agriculture.
PhilRice
Wilfredo B. Collado
Mary Rose O. Obico
Rona T. Dollentas
Jesiree Elena Ann P. Dela Torre
Jovino L. De Dios
Leo C. Javier
Eduardo Jimmy P. Quilang, Jr., PhD
UP Los Baños
Rodrigo B. Badayos, PhD
Armando E. Soliman
Editor
Constante T. Briones
Editorial Advisers
Leocadio S. Sebastian, PhD
Madonna C. Casimero, PhD
Ronan G. Zagado
Nueva Ecija 57
58 Simplified Keys TO Soil Series