F.E. Sem.

I
Applied Mathematics - I
Time : 3 Hrs.] Mumbai University Examination Paper Solution : May '17 [Marks : 80

Q.1(a) Prove that tan h1 (sin ) cos h1 (sec ) [3]
(A) Consider LHS = tanh1  sin  

1  1  sin   1  1  sin  2 
= log  = log  [1 mark]

r
2  1  sin   2  1  sin  1  sin   
 1  sin  2  2

ka
1 1  1  sin  
= log  = log  [1 mark]
2  cos2   2  cos  

= log [sec  + tan ] = logsec   sec2   1 

= logcosh1  sec   = RHS [1 mark]

Q.1(b) Prove that the matrix

(A) Let A =
1  1 1  i

an
1  1

  A =



1  i
3 1  i 1 
 is unitary

1  1 1  i
 
[3]

[1 mark]
3 1  i 1  3 1  i 1 
1  1 1  i  1  1 1  i
AA =
al
   
3 1  i 1  3 1  i 1 
1 1  1  i1  i 1  i  1  i 
=  
3  1  i  1  i 1  i1  i  1
1 3 0   1 0
dy

=  =   =I [1 mark]
3 0 3  0 1
1  1 1  i 1  1 1  i
AA =    
3 1  i 1  3 1  i 1 
1 1  1  i1  i 1  i  1  i  1 3 0   1 0 
=   =  =   =I
3  1  i  1  i 1  i1  i  1 3 0 3  0 1 
Vi

 AA = AA = I  A is Unitary Matrix. [1 mark]

Q.1(c) If x = uv & y = u/v prove that JJ1 = 1 [3]

u u
(A) We have, x = uv, y =  xy =  uv     u2 = xy  u  xy
v v
x uv  v  x x
Also, =  v2 = v= [1 mark]
y u y y

1 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

x
 u= xy , v =
y

y x
 u,v  ux uy 2 x 2 y
J = J  = =
 x, y  vx vy 1 1  x
y2 x 2y3/2

1  y x x 1  1  1 1 1  2  1

r
J=      =     =   =  [1 mark]
4 x y y y x y  4  y y 4 y  2y


ka
u
 x = uv, y =
v
v u
 x,y  xu xv u u 2u
J = J'   = = 1 u =  = = 2y
 u, v  yu
yv
v v v
v v 2

 1 
 JJ =     2y  = 1
 2y 

1  x 
an 2 dz 2
[1 mark]

Q.1(d) If Z = tan   where x = 2t, y = 1  t , prove that  [3]

y dt 1  t 2
x
al
(A) We have, Z = tan1   , x = 2t, y = 1 t2
y
Z  x, y  t
dz z dx z dy
=    [1 mark]
dt x dt y dt
dy

dz 1 1 y z 1  x  x
=   = 2 , = 
2  2 
= 2
dx x y y
2 2 2
x y x  y  x y
1  1 
y y
dx dy
= 2, = 2t [1 mark]
dt dt
Vi

dz  y   x  2y  2xt
 =  2  2    2   2t  =

dt  x  y 2 
x y 
2 
 x2  y2 
dz 1  t2  2t2  2 1  t2  2
= 2 = = [1 mark]
dt 4t  1  t 
2 2
2
1  t 
2
2
 1  t2 

2 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

Q.1(e) Find the nth derivative of (cos5x.cos3x.cosx) [4]

(A) Let y = cos5x cos3x cosx
1 1
= cos3x 2cos5xcos x  = cos3x cos 6x  cos 4x  [1 mark]
2 2
1
= cos 6xcos3x  cos4xcos3x 
2
1
y=  cos 9x  cos3x    cos7x  cos x  
4 

r
1
= [cos 9x + cos7x + cos3x + cosx] [1 mark]
4

ka
1 n    
 9  cos  9x  n    7  cos  7x  n 
n
 yn =
4  2  2

    
 3 cos  3x  n   1  cos  x  n  
n n
[2 marks]
 2  2 

Q.1(f) Evaluate lim(x) 1 x .

(A) Let
x 

L = lim(x)1 x
1

1
an [1 form]
[4]

x 

1
 log L = lim logx [1 mark]
al
x1 1  x 
logx
= lim [ 
 form] [1 mark]
x1 1  x  
dy

Using L'Hopital's rule,

1
 
x
log L = lim   = 1 [1 mark]
 
x 1 1

1
 L = e1 = [1 mark]
Vi

1
Q.2(a) Find all values of (1i) 3 & show that their continued product is (1 + i) [6]
1
(A) Let, z = 1  i  z3 = (1 + i) =
3 2e i/4 [1 mark]
 1
i 2p   8p 1 4i
z3 = 2e i/4 e2ii = 2e  4
= 2e
  
z3 = 2 cos  8p  1   isin  8p  1   [1 mark]
 4 4

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Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

1 1/3
  
 z = 2  6
cos  8p  1   isin  8p  1  
 4 4 
1
  
 z = 2  6 cos  8p  1   isin  8p  1   (using De Moivre’s theorem)
 12 12 
[1 mark]
1 1
  
Choose P = 0, z1 = 2  6 cos  isin  = 2  6 e i/12
 12 12 
1 1
 9 9 
P = 1, z2 = 2  6 cos  isin  = 2  6 e 9 i/12

r
 12 12 
1 1
 17  17  
P = 2, z3 = 2  6 cos  isin = 2  6 e17 i/12 [1 mark]

ka
 12 12 

 Continued product of these roots is z1z2z3

3 i 27 i 9 i
1  9 17 
= 2  6 e i/12 e 9 i/12 e17 i/12 = 2e 12 = 2e 12 = 2e 4
[1 mark]

  
= 2e2 i e i/4 = 2 cos  isin 

=
 1
2
 2

i 
2
 = (1 + i)
an  4 4

[1 mark]

Q.2(b) Find non-singular matrices P & Q such that PAQ is in normal form [6]
al
2 2 3 
 
where A = 3 1 2 
 1 2 1
 
2 2 3 
dy

 
(A) We have, A = 3 1 2 
 1 2 1
 33
We write, A = I3 A I3
2 2 3   1 0 0  1 0 0
     
3 1 2  =  0 1 0 A0 1 0  [1 mark]
Vi

  0 0 1  0 0 1 
 1 2 1     
 1 2 1 0 0 1   1 0 0 
     
R13 3 1 2  = 0 1 0 A0 1 0 
2 2 3   1 0 0  0 0 1 
     
 1 2 1 0 0 1   1 0 0 
     
R2  3R1, R3  2R1 0 7 5  = 0 1 0 A0 1 0 
0 6 5   1 0 3 0 0 1 
     

4 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

 1 0 0  0 0 1  1 2 1 
     
C2  2C1, C3 = C1  0 7 5  =  0 1 0 A0 1 0
0 6 6   1 0 3 0 0 1 
  
 1 0 0  0 0 1  1 2 1
     
 C2 0 7 5  = 0 1 0 A0 1 0  [1 mark]
0 6 6   1 0 3 0 0 1 
  
1 0 0  0 0 1  1 2 1 
     
R2  R3 0 1 1 =  1 1 3 A0 1 0 

r
0 6 6  1 0 3 0 0 1 
  

ka
1 0 0  0 0 1  1 2 1 
     
R3  6R2 0 1 1 =  1 1 3 A0 1 0 
0 0 12   7 6 21 0 0 1 
  
1 0 0   0 0 1  1 2 3 
     
C 3 + C2 0 1 0  =  1 1 3 A0 1 1 [1 mark]

C3
12



an
0 0 12  7
 
 1 0 0  0
 
0 1 0  =  1
0 0 1   7
0
6 21 0 0 1 

1
1  1 2
 
1/ 4 
3 A0 1 1 / 12

[1 mark]
   6 21 0 0 1 / 12 
I = P A Q
al
0 0 1  1 2 1/ 4 
   
 (A) = 3 and P =  1 1 3  , Q = 0 1 1 / 12 [2 marks]
 7 6 21 0 0 1 / 12 
   
dy

Q.2(c) Find the maximum & minimum values of [8]

3 2 2 2
f(x, y) = x + 3xy  15x  15y + 72 x
(A) We have, f(x, y) = x3 + 3xy2  15x2  15y2 + 72x
f
p= = 3x2 + 3y2  30x + 72
x
Vi

f
q= = 6xy  30y
y
2 f
r= = 6x  30
x2
2 f
s= = 6y
xy
2 f
t= = 6x  30 [2 marks]
y2

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Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

for stationary values, we must solve, p = 0, q = 0

 3 (x2 + y2  10x + 24) = 0 … (1)
6y (x  5) = 0 … (2)

Equation (3)  y = 0 or x = 5
If y = 0, eqn (1)  x2  10x + 24 = 0
 (x  4) (x  6) = 0
 x = 4, 6  we get A (4, 0), B (6, 0)
If x = 5, eqn (1)  25 + y2  50 + 24 = 0

r
 y2  1 = 0
 y =  1  we get C (5, 1), D (5, 1) [3 marks]

ka
2
Pts r s t rt  s conclusion
A (4, 0) 6 0 6 36 > 0 But r < 0  Local maxima
B (6, 0) 6 0 6 36 > 0 But r > 0  Local minima
C (5, 1) 0 6 0 36 < 0
Not stationary points
D (5, 1) 0 6 0 36 < 0
 fmax = f

fmin = f
at 4,0 

atB 6,0 
an
= (4)3  15(4)2 + 72(4) = 112

= (6)3  15(6)2 + 72(6) = 108 [3 marks]

y  x z  x 2 u u u
Q.3(a) If u = f  ,  , show that x y2  z2 0 [6]
al
 xy xz   z  y  z
yx zx
(A) We have, u = f  , 
 xy xz 
yx 1 1 zx 1 1
dy

Let v = =  ,w= =  [1 mark]

xy x y xz x z
 u = f (v, w)
 u  v, w,  x, y, z [1 mark]
u u v u w u  1  u  1 
=    =     … (1) [1 mark]
x v x w x v  x2  w  x2 
Vi

u u v u w u  1  u
=    =  
y v y w y v  y2  w
0 … (2) [1 mark]

u u v u w u u  1 
=    =
z v z w z v
 0   
w  z2 
… (3) [1 mark]

Using eqns (1), (2), (3)

u u u u u
x2  y2  z2 =  1  1  0    1  0  1 = 0 [1 mark]
x y z v w 

6 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

 1 1
Q.3(b) Using encoding matrix   , encode & decode the message [6]
 0 1
‘MUMBAI’.
(A) Let's choose [1 mark]
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

r
Consider M U M B A I [1 mark]
13 21 13 2 1 9

ka
   1 1
Consider B = 13 13 1  and A=   (Given) [1 mark]
21 2 9  0 1
 1 1
 A  1 and A1 =  
0 1 
 1 1 13 13 1  34 15 10 
Consider C = AB = 

To Decode consider
 0
an 1
  = 
 21 2 9   21 2 9 

Encoded message 34 21 15 2 10 9 (Sequence)

B = A1C
 [1 mark]

 1 1 34 15 10   
=    = 13 13 1  [1 mark]
0 1   21 2 9  21 2 9 
al


Decoded sequence is 13 21 13 2 1 9
i.e. M U M B A I  MUMBAI
[1 mark]
dy

   ix  
Q.3(c) Prove that log  tan     = i tan1 (sin h x) [8]
 4 2 
  ix  x
tan    tan   1  itanh  
(A)
  ix 
Consider tan    = 4 2 = 2 [2 marks]
 4 2  1  tan   tan  ix  x
1  itanh  
   
4 2 2
Vi

   
2
x x  x x
cosh  isinh  cosh  isinh 
= 2 2=  2 2 [2 marks]
x x 2 x 2 x
cosh  isinh cosh  sinh
2 2 2 2
 2 x x x x
 cosh  sinh2   2isinh cosh
=  2 2  2 2
x
cosh2  
2

7 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

1  isinh x
= [1 mark]
cosh x
= sec h x + i tan h x
  ix 
 logtan    = log  sechx  itanhx 
4 2 
1  tanhx 
= log sechx    tanhx  itan 1 
2 2
 [1 mark]
2  sechx 
1  sinhx 
= log1  itan 1  coshx  [1 mark]

r
2  coshx 
  ix 
logtan   = i tan1 (sin h x) [1 mark]

ka
4 2 

Q.4(a) Obtain tan 5 in terms of tan  & [6]

 
show that 1  10 tan2 10 + 5 tan4 = 0
10
(A) Consider (cos 5 + i sin 5) = (cos  + i sin )5 [Using De Moivre's Theorem]
an
 (cos 5 + i sin 5) = 5C0 (cos )5 (i sin )0 + 5C1 (cos )4 (i sin )
3 2 2
+ 5C2 (cos ) (i sin ) + 5C3 (cos ) (i sin )
+ 5C4 (cos ) (i sin )4 + 5C5 (cos )0 (i sin )5
5.4
3
[1 mark]

5C0 = 5C5 = 1, 5C1 = 5C4 = 5, 5C2 = 5C3 = = 10

2
 (cos 5 + i sin 5) = (cos5  10 cos3 sin2 + 5 cos sin4) [2 marks]
al
+ i (5 cos4 sin   10 cos2 sin3 + sin5)
Compare Real and Imaginary parts [1 mark]
cos 5 = cos5  10cos3 sin2 + 5 cossin4
sin 5 = 5cos4 sin  10 cos2sin3 + sin5
dy

sin 5 5cos 4  sin   10 cos2  sin3   sin5 

 tan 5 = =
cos5 cos5   10 cos3  sin2   5cos  sin 4 
… [Divide by cos5]
5 tan   10 tan3   tan5 
tan 5 = [1 mark]
1  10 tan2   5 tan 4 

Vi

Put  =
10
       
5 tan    10 tan3    tan5  
 5   10   10   10  = 
 tan   =
 10     
1  10 tan2    5 tan 4  
 
 10   10 
    
Hence we must have, 1  10 tan2    5 tan 4   = 0 [2 marks]
10
   10 

8 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

1
Q.4(b) If y = e tan x
, prove that (1 + x2)yn+2 + [2(n+1)x1] yn+2+n(n+1)yn = 0 [6]
1
(A) We have, y = e tan x
dy 1 1
= y1 = e tan x [1 mark]
dx  1  x2 
1
(1 + x2) y1 = e tan x
=y [1 mark]

Diff. once again w.r.t. x

1  x2  y2  y1 2x  = y1 [1 mark]

r
1  x2  y2  2x  1  y1 = 0 …(1)

ka
Using Leibnit'z theorem on both sides of eqn (1)

1  x2  yn2  n 2x  yn1  n n  1 2 yn  2x  1  yn1  n 2  yn = 0 [1 mark]

2
1  x2  yn2 2nx  2x1 yn1 n2  n  2n  yn = 0
1  x2  yn2 2(n  1)x  1yn1 n(n  1)yn = 0 [2 marks]

theorem.
an
Q.4(c) i) Express (2x3 + 3x2  8x + 7) in terms of (x  2) using Taylor’s [4]

x3 x5 x7 [4]
ii) Prove that tan1x = x    
3 5 7
al
(A) (i) Let f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2  8x + 7
Using Taylor's Theorem, [1 mark]
x  h x  h
2 3

f(x) = f h    x  h  f'h   f''h   f'''h   ...

2! 3!
dy

Choose h = 2
 x  2  x  2
2 3

 f(x) = f 2    x  2  f'2   f''2   f'''2   ...

2! 3!
Since f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2  8x + 7, f(2) = 2(8) + 3(4)  8(2) + 7 = 19  0
f(x) = 6x2 + 6x  8 f(2) = 6(4) + 6(2)  8 = 28
f(x) = 12x + 6 f(2) = 12(2) + 6 = 30
Vi

f(x) = 12 f(2) = 12
fiv (x) = 0 fiv(2) = 0
 
0 0 [2 marks]
 x  2  x  2
2 3

 f(x) = 19   x  2 28   30   12

2! 3!
f(x) = 19  28  x  2   15  x  2   2  x  2 
2 3
[1 mark]

9 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

(ii) Let y = tan1x, y(0) = tan1(0) = 0

1
 y1 = [1 mark]
1  x2
= 1  (x2) + (x2)2  (x2)3 + (x2)4…
= 1  x2 + x4  x6 + x8… [1 mark]
On integration
x3 x 5 x 7
y = x    ...  c [1 mark]
3 5 7
Put x = 0

r
 y(0) = 0  0 + 0  0 + … + c
 0=0+c  c=0

ka
x3 x 5 x 7
 y = tan1x = x     ... [1 mark]
3 5 7

2 1  y  2 1  x  2z x2 y2
Q.5(a) If z = x tan    y tan   , prove that  [6]
x y yx x2 y2

(A)

z
= x2
1  y 
y
x
 
y
x
We have, z = x2 tan 1    y2 tan 1  
y
an
 2   tan 1   2x   y2
1 1
… (1)

[1 mark]
2  2  
x y  x  x x y
1  1 
x y
al
 x2 y 1  y  y3
=  2x tan    [1 mark]
x2  y 2 x x y
2 2
 
y y
=  x 2

 y2  2x tan 1   [1 mark]
dy

x 2
y 2
 x
y
= 2x tan 1    y [1 mark]
x
 2z 1 1
 = 2x 2   1 [1 mark]
yx y x
Vi

1 
x
 2z 2x2
= 2  1 =
2x2  x2  y2
=
x2  y 2   [1 mark]
yx x  y2 x2  y 2 x2  y 2  

 10 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

Q.5(b) Investigate for what values of  &  the equations, [6]

2x + 3y + 5z = 9, 7x + 3y  2z = 8, 2x + 3y + z = 
Have 1) no solution
2) a unique solution
3) an infinite no. of solutions
(A) We have, 2x + 3y + 5z = 9 7x + 3y  2z = 8 2x + 3y + z = 
2 3 5  x  9 
    
  7 3 2 y
  = 8  [1 mark]

r
2 3   z   
    
A x = B

ka
2 3 5 9 
 
Consider [A : B] = 7 3 2 8 
2 3   
 
2 3 5 9 
 
R3  R1, R2  3R3 an
[A : B] =  1 6 2  3 8  3 
0 0
   5    

 1 6 2  3 8  3 
 
[1 mark]

R12 [A : B] = 2 3 5 9 
0 0   5    

al
 1 6 2  3 8  3 
 
R2  2R1 [A : B] =  0 15 9  6 6  7  [1 mark]
0 0   5    

dy

Case 1: If  = 5 and   9 [1 mark]

  (A) = 2, (A : B) = 3
 (A) < (A : B) 
System is inconsistent and has No solution

Case 2: If   5 and for any  [1 mark]

Vi

(A) = (A : B) = r = 3 = n
System is consistent and has Unique solution

Case 3: If  = 5 and  = 9 [1 mark]

 (A) = (A : B) = r = 2 < 3 = n
System is consistent and has infinite solution.

 11 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

Q.5(c) Using Newton Raphson method, find approximate root of x32x5=0 [8]
(correct to three places of decimals)
(A) Let f(x) = x3  2x  5 = 0 f(x) = 3x2  2
f(0) = 5 < 0 ()
f(1) = 1  2  5 = 6 < 0 x2
f(2) = 8  4  5 = 1 < 0
2 x1 3
f(3) = 27  6  5 = 16 > 0
() (+)
 Root lies between 2 and 3 [1 mark] (+)
Let x0 = 2 f(2) = 3(4)  2 = 10

r
Using Newton Raphson's method
f  xn 

ka
xn + 1 = xn 
f' xn 
f  x0  f 2   1 = 2.1
 x1 = x0  = 2 = 2 [1 mark]
f' x0  f'2  10
f(x1) = f(2.1) = (2.1)3  2 (2.1)  5 = 9.261  4.2  5

 x2 = x1 
= 0.061 > 0
 Root lies between 2 and x1
f  x1 
f' x1 
an
= 2.1 
f 2.1 
f'2.1 
[1 mark]

2
f(x1) = f(2.1) = 3 (2.1)  2 = 11.23 [1 mark]
al
0.061
 x2 = 2.1  = 2.0945
11.23
f(x2) = (2.0945)3  2 (2.0945)  5 = 9.1884  4.189  5
=  0.0006 < 0 [1 mark]
 Root lies between x2 and x1, f(2.0945)
dy

f  x2  f 2.0945 
 x3 = x2  = 2.0945 
f' x2  f'2.0945 

= 2.0945 
 0.0006 = 2.0945 [2 marks]
11.1607
Vi

 Using Newtons Raphoson's method, [1 mark]

approximate root of x3  2x  5 = 0 is 2.0945

Q.6(a) Find tanh x if 5 sin x  cosh x= 5 [6]

(A) Consider 5 sin h x  cos h x = 5
 ex  e x   ex  e x 
 5      = 5 [1 mark]
 2   2 
 5e x  5e  x  e x  e  x = 10
 4e x  6e  x  10 = 0 [1 mark]

 12 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

 2e x  3e  x  5 = 0
 2e2x  3  5e x = 0
 2e2x  5e x  3 = 0
 2e x  6e x  e x  3 = 0 [1 mark]
 2e x
e x
 
3 1 e 3 = 0 x

  e x  32e x  1  = 0
1
 ex = 3 or ex = [1 mark]
2

r
Case 1: If ex = 3 [1 mark]
x x 2x
e e e 1 9 1 8 4

ka
tan h x = = = = =
x
e e x
e 2x
1 9  1 10 5
1
Case 2: If ex = [1 mark]
2
1 3
1
e2x  1 3
tan h x = 2x = 4 = 4 =

1 
Q.6(b) If u = sin 


e 1 1

x y 
an 4
1
5
4

 prove that
x  y 
5

[6]

1
(i) xux + yuy = tanu
2
al
 sinucos2u
(ii) x2 uxx + 2xy uxy + y2 uyy =
4cos2 u
 xy 
(A) We have, u = sin 1  
dy

 x  y 
 y
x 1   1
 sin u =
xy
=  x  = x 2  y 
 
x y  y x
x 1  
 x
1
Vi

 f(u) = sin u is HF (Homogeneous function) of degree n = in x, y

2
 Using another form of Euler's theorem, [2 marks]

u u f u  1 sinu 1
x y = n =  = tanu [1 mark]
x y f' u  2 cosu 2
Also, using deduction on another form of Euler's theorem in 2 variables,
 2u 2u  2u
x2  2xy  y2 2 = G  u  G' u   1 [1 mark]
x2 xy y

 13 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

f  u  1 sinu tanu
where G(u) = n =  =
f' u  2 cosu 2
1 1 
 G  u  G' u   1 =  tanu  sec2 u  1  [1 mark]
2 2 
1 1  tanu  tan2 u 1 
tanu  1  tan2 u   1 =
=   
2 2  2  2 2
tan u  1 sinu  sin u
2

=  tan2 u  1 =    1
4 4 cosu  cos u 
2

r
1 sinu  sin2 u  cos2 u  1 sinu    cos2u  
=    =  
4 cosu  cos u2
 4 cosu  cos2 u 

ka
 sinucos2u
=
4 cos3 u
2u 2u 2u  sinucos2u
 x2 2  2xy  y2 2 = [1 mark]
x xy y 4 cos3 u

(A) We have, 20x + y  2z = 17

an
Q.6(c) Solve the following systems of equations by Gaussseidel method.
20x + y  2z = 17, 3x + 20y  z = 18, 2x  3y + 20z = 25

3x + 20y  z = 18
… (1)
… (2)
[8]

2x  3y + 20z = 25 … (3)
al
Using Gauss Seidel Method,
1
Using equation (1)  x = 17  y  2z 
20 
1
equation (2)  y =  18  3x  z 
dy

20 
1
equation (3)  z = 25  2x  3y 
20 

Initially we set all x = 0, y = 0, z = 0

1 17
 1st iteration x= 17  0  2  0   =
20   20 = 0.85
Vi

1
y=  18  3  0.85    0   = 1.0275
20  
1
z= 25  2  0.85   3  1.0275   = 1.0108 [2 marks]
20  

1
2nd iteration x= 17   1.0275   2 1.0108   = 1.0024
20  

 14 
 May 17 – Paper Solution

1
y=  18  3 1.0024   1.0108   = 0.9998
20  
1
z= 25  2 1.0024   3  0.9998   = 0.9976 [2 marks]
20  

1
3rd iteration x= 17   0.9998   2  0.9976   = 0.9997
20  
1
y=  18  3  0.9997    0.9976   = 1.0000
20  

r
1
z= 25  2  0.9997   3  1.0000   = 1.0000 [2 marks]
20  

ka
1
4th iteration x= 17   1.0000   2 1.0000   = 1.0000
20  
1
y=  18  3 1.0000   1.000   = 1.0000
20  
1
z=an 25  2 1.0000   3  1.0000   = 1.0000 [2 marks]
20  
 Using Gauss Seidel method solution of equations (given) is
x = 1, y = 1, z = 1
al

dy
Vi

 15 
 F.E. Sem. I
Applied Mathematics - I
Time : 3 Hrs.] Mumbai University Examination Paper Solution : Dec. '16 [Marks : 80

x y
Q.1(a) If cos cosh  = , sin sinh  = , [3]
2 2
4x
Prove that : sec(  i) + sec( + i) =
x2  y2

r
x y
(A) We have cos  cosh  = , sin  sinh  =
2 2

Consider sec ( + i)
ka
1 1
= =
cos   i  cos  cosi  sin   sini 
1
= [1 mark]
coscosh   isin  sinh 
1 2 2  x  iy 

 sec (  i)
an =

=
x y
i
2 2
2  x  iy 
=
x  iy
=
x2  y 2

[1 mark]
x2  y 2
2  x  iy  2  x  iy  2
al
 sec (  i) + sec ( + i) = 2 2
 =  x  iyxiy 
x y x2  y 2 x2  y 2
4x
= [1 mark]
x2  y 2
dy

Q.1(b) If z = log(ex + ey), show that rt  s2 = 0, [3]

2 2 2
 z  z  z
where r = , t = , s =
x 2
y 2
xy
(A) We have,
z = log(ex + ey)
Vi

z  x, y
z 1
= x e x
x e  ey
z 1
= x e y
y e e y

2z  e x  e y   e x    e x  e x  exy
r = = 2
= 2
x 2  ex  e y   ex  e y 

 16 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

2z  e x  e y  e y    e y  e y  exy
t = = 2
= 2
[1 mark]
y 2
 ex  ey   ex  e y 
2z   ey  e y e x  y
s =
xy
=  x y 
=
x  e  e   e x  e y 2
 ex =
 ex  e y 
2   [1 mark]

2
2 e x y e x y  e x y 
Consider rt  s = 2
 2
 4
=0 [1 mark]
 ex  e y   ex  e y   ex  ey 

r
uv  (u,v)
Q.1(c) If x = uv, y = . Find [3]
uv  (x,y)

ka
uv
(A) We have, x = uv, y =
uv
 x,y   x,y  xu xv
Consider J* = J = =
 u,v    u,v  yu yv

an (u  v)  (u  v)(1) 2v
xu = v, xv = u, yu = 2
=
(u  v) (u  v)2
(u  v) (1)  (u  v) ( 1) 2u
yv = 2
= [1 mark]
(u  v) (u  v)2
v u
* 2uv 2uv 4uv
 J = 2v 2u =  = [1 mark]
al
2 2
2 2 u  v  u  v   u  v 2
u  v  u  v 
 JJ* = 1
2
 u,v    u,v  1 u  v 
Hence, J = J = = * = [1 mark]
 x,y    x,y  J 4uv
dy

Q.1(d) If y = 2x sin2 x cos x find yn [3]

(A) We have,
1  cos2x 
y = 2x sin2 x cos x = 2x cosx [1 mark]
2
Vi

 cosxcos2xcosx  2x   1 
= 2x  = cosx  cos3xcosx  
2 2  2 
x
2 2x
= 2cosxcosxcosx  = cosxcos 3x  [1 mark]
4 4 
log2x
e
= cosxcos3x 
4 
log2 x
e
 r  cos x  n1    r2  cos3x  n2  
n n
 yn =
4  1 

 17 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

 1 
log2
2
Where, r1 =  1 , 1 = tan 1  
 log2 
 3 
log2
2
r2 =  9 , 1 = tan 1   [1 mark]
 log2 

1 0 5 3
 
2 1 6 1
Q.1(e) Express the matrix, A =  as the sum of symmetric [4]
3 2 7 1

r
 
 4 4 2 0 
and skew symmetric matrices.

ka
(A) We have,
 1 0 5 3  1 2 3 4 
   
A=  2 1 6 1  A =  0 1 2 4 
3 2 7 1  5 6 7 2 
 
 4 4 2 an 0   3 1 1 0 
 1 0 5 3   1 2 3 4 
   
1 1   2 1 6 1   0 1 2 4  
Let B =  A  A' =   [1 mark]
2 2  3 2 7 1  5 6 7 2  

 
 4 4 2 0  3 1 1 0  
al
 7 
 
1 1 4 2
 2 2 8 7  3 
  
1  2 2 8 3  4 2
=  =  1 1

2  8 8 14 3   3
dy

 
 7 3 3 0  4 4 7 2
7 3 3 
 
2 2 2 0
 1 0 5 3   1 2 3 4 
   
1 1   2 1 6 1   0 1 2 4  
Let C =  A  A' =  
2  3 7 1  5 6 7 2  
Vi

2 2

 
  4 4 2 0  3 1 1 0  

 18 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

 1 
 
0  0 1 1 2
2 2 1  5
 
1  2 0 4 5   0 2
=  =  1 2
 [1 mark]

2 2 4 0 1  1 
  
 1 5 1 0   1 2 0 2
1 5 1 
 
2 2 2 0
Consider

r
 7   1 
   
1 1 4 2  0 1 1 2

ka
3   5 1 0 5 3
  
 4 2  +  1 0 2  =  2 1 6 1 = A
B + C =  1 1
 
2

3  1  3 2 7 1 
 
4 4 7 2   1 2 0 2  4 4 2 0 
7 3 3  1 5 1 
   
[1 mark]



2

1

2 2

1
an
4
0  2
7 
2

3 
2 2 0

 4 2  =B
Also, B =  1 1
  B is symmetric matrix.
 3
al
4 4 7 2
7 3 3 
 
2 2 2 0
 1 
 
dy

0 1 1 2 
 5 
 0 2 2  =  C  C is skew symmetric matrix.
C =  1 
 1 
1 2 0 2 
 1 5 1 
 
2 2 2 0  [1 mark]
Vi

Thus, given matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric matrix (B) and skew
symmetric matrix (C).

 19 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

2
e2x  1  x 
Q.1(f) Evaluate lim [4]
x0 x log 1  x 
e2x  1  x   0
2

(A) Let L = lim  form
x 0 xlog 1  x   0 
Using L Hospital’s Rule
2e2x  2 1  x   0  2e2x  2 1  x 
L = lim  form = lim [2 marks]
x 0 x 0 x 0 1
log1  x    1 log1  x 
1x 1x

r
Using LHR

ka
4e2x  2 2
L = lim = =1 [2 marks]
x 1 1 2

 1  x  1  x 
2

Q.2(a) Show that the roots of x5 = 1 can be written as 1, , 2, 3, 4. [6]
Hence show that (1 )(12) (13)(14) = 5
(A) We have,
an
x5 = 1 = cos 2p + i sin 2p

 x = cos2pisin2p  5
1
[1 mark]
2p 2p
= cos isin [Using DeMoivr’s Theorem] [1 mark]
5 5
al
Choose p = 0, x1 = 1
2 2
p = 1, x2 = cos
isin = () (say)
5 5
 
dy

p = 2, x3 = cos isin = 2
5 5
 
p = 3, x4 = cos isin = 3
5 5
 
p = 4, x5 = cos isin = 4 [1 mark]
5 5
 Roots of x5 = 1 are 1, , 2, 3, 4
Vi

 x5  1 = (x  1) (x  ) (x  3) (x  4) = 0 [1 mark]

x5  1
 (x  ) (x  2) (x  3) (x  4) =
x 1
= 1 + x + x2 + x 3 + x 4
Choose x = 1  (1 ) (1  2) (1  3) (1  4) = 1 + 1 + 12 + 13 + 14 = 5
[1 mark]

 20 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

Q.2(b) Reduce the following matrix to its normal form and hence find its [6]
rank.
 3 2 0 1 
 
0 2 2 7
A = 
 1 2 3 2 
 
 0 1 2 1 
 3 2 0 1
0 2 2 7 
(A) We have, A = 

r
 1 2 3 2
 
0 1 2 1

ka
 1 2 3 2
 
R13 A = 0 2 2 7
 3 2 0 1 

 0 1 2 1 

R3  3R1
an A=
 1 2 3 2 

 0 2 2 7
 0 4 9 5 

 0 1 2



1 
1 0 0 0 
 
al
C2 + 2C1, C3 + 3C1, C4  2C1 A = 0 2 2 7  [2 marks]
0 4 9 5 
 
0 1 2 1 

1 0 0 0 
dy

 
R24 A = 0 1 2 1 
 0 4 9 5 
 
 0 2 2 7 

1 0 0 0
 
A = 0 1 2 1 
Vi

R3  4 R2, R4  2R2
0 0 1  

 0 0 2 5 
1 0 0 0
 
0 1 0 0
C3  2C2, C4  C2 A =  [2 marks]
0 0 1 9 
 
 0 0 2 5 

 21 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

1 0 0 0 
 
R4 + 2R3 A = 0 1 0 0 
0 0 1  

 0 0 0 13
1 0 0 0 
 
C4 + 9C3 A = 0 1 0 0 
0 0 1 0 

 0 0 0 13

r
1 0 0 0
 
R4

ka
A = 0 1 0 0 = I [2 marks]
 13
4
0 0 1 0 

 0 0 0 1 
 (A) = 4

Q.2(c) Solve the following system of equations by using Gauss-Seidel [8]

(A) We have,
an
Iterative Method upto four iterations.
4x – 2y  z = 40 x  6y + 2z = 28 x  2y + 12 z = 86

4x – 2y  z = 40 … (1)
x  6y + 2z = 28 … (2)
x  2y + 12 z = 86 … (3)
al
1
Using equation (1)  x =  40  2y  z 
4
1
Using equation (2)  y = 28  x  2z 
6
dy

1
Using equation (3)  z =  86  x  2y 
12 
Initially we set all x = y = z = 0
1 1
x =  40  2  0    0   = 10 y = 28  10  2  0   = 6.3333
4 6
Vi

1
z=  86  10  2(6.3333)  = 6.944 [2 marks]
12 

Iteration x y z
1 10.0 6.3333 6.944
2 11.4306 4.2569 7.4097 [2 marks]
3 10.2760 3.9094 7.3714 [2 marks]
4 10.1118 3.8948 7.3602 [2 marks]
 Finally x = 10.1118, y = 3.8948, z = 7.3602

 22 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

Q.3(a) Investigate for what values of ‘ ’ and ‘’ the system of equations [6]
x+y+z=6 x + 2y + 3z = 10 x + 2y + z = 
has (i) no solution
(ii) a unique solution
(iii) an infinite no. of solutions.
(A) We have,
x+y+z=6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + z = 

r
1 1 1  x   6 
    
 1 2 3  y   10 

ka
    
1 2    z    
A X= B
Consider Avgmented matrix
1 1 1 6 
 
[A : B] = 1 2 3 10  [1 mark]

R2  R1, R3  R1
an 
1 2   

1 1
[A : B] = 0 1 2
1

6 
4 

[1 mark]
0 1      
 
al
1 1 1 6 
 
R3  R2 [A : B] = 0 1 2 4  [1 mark]
0 0       
 
Case 1: If  = 3 and   10 [1 mark]
dy

(A) = 2,  (A : B) = 3
(A) < (A : B)  system is inconsistent and has no solution.

Case 2: If   3 and for any  [1 mark]

(A) = (A : B) = r = 3 = n  system is consistent & has unique solution

Case 3: If  = 3 and  = 10 [1 mark]

Vi

(A) = (A : B) = r = 2 < n = 3

 system is consistent and has infinite solution

Q.3(b) If u = x2 + y2 + z2 where x = et, y = et sin t, z = et cost [6]

du
Prove that = 4e2t
dt
(A) We have,
u = x2 + y2 + z2, x = et, y = et sin t, z = et cost
u  x, y, z  t

 23 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

du u dx u dy u dz
=      … (1) [2 marks]
dt x dt y dt z dt
u u du dx dy
= 2x, = 2y, = 2z, = et, = et (sin t + cos t)
x y dz dt dt
dz
= et (cos t  sin t) [2 marks]
dt
du
 = (2x) (et) + (2y) et (sin t + cos t) + (2z) et (cos t  sin t)
dt

r
= 2e t e t  2e t sin te t  sin t  cos t   2e t cos te t  cost  sint 
= 2e2t 1  sin2 t  sintcos t  cos2 t  sin t cos t  = 4 e2t [2 marks]

ka
x2 5x 4
Q.3(c) (i) Show that sin(ex  1) = x    ... [4]
2 24
 x2 x3 
(A) Consider sin(ex  1) = sin1  x    ...  1
 2! 3! 

 


x 2
an
2! 3!


x 3
x2
x

 3!
1
3
= sin x   ...
 2!

3!
3


1
sin e x  1 =  x   ...      ...
5!
5
[1 mark]

[1 mark]

x2 x3 x 4 1 3 
= x   ... x3  ...  x 4  ...... [1 mark]
2! 3! 4! 6 2
al

x2 5 4
= x  x ... [1 mark]
2 24

Q.3(c) (ii) Expand 2x3 + 7x2 + x  6 in powers of x  2 [4]

dy

(A) Let f(x) = 2x3 + 7x2 + x  6

Using Taylor’s series
x  h x  h
2 3

f(x) = f h    x  h  f'h   f''h   f'''h   ... [1 mark]

2! 3!
Choose h = 2
Vi

 x  2  x  2
2 3

f(x) = f 2    x  2 f'2   f''2   f'''2   ...

2 3!
 f(x) = 2x3 + 7x2 + x  6 f(2) = 2 (8) + 7(4) + (2)  6 = 40
fi (x) = 6x2 + 14x + 1 fi (2) = 6(4) + 14(2) + 1 = 53

fii (x) = 12x + 14 fii (2) = 12(2) + 14 = 38

fiii (x) = 12 fiii (2) = 12
fiv (x) 0 fiv (2) = 0 [2 marks]

 24 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

 
 x  2  x  2
2 3

Here, f(x) = 40   x  2  53  38  12 

2 6
f(x) = 2x3 + 7x2 + x  6 = 40 + 53 (x  2) + 19 (x  2)2 + 2 (x  2)3
[1 mark]

Q.4(a) If x = u + v + w, y = uv + vw + uw, z = uvw and  is a function of [6]

x, y and z.

r
     
Prove that x  2y  3z =u v w
x y z u v w

ka
(A) We have,
x = u + v + w, y = uv + vw + uw, z = uvw,   x, y, z
   x, y, z  u, v, w
x y z
1  vw  vw
u u u
x y an z
1 uw  uw
v v v
x y z
1  vu  uv [1 mark]
w w w
  x  y  z   
=       = 1    v  w   vw  … (1) [1 mark]
u x u y u z u x y z
al
  x  y  z   
=       = 1    u  w   uw  … (2) [1 mark]
v x v y v z v x y z
  x  y  z   
=       = 1    v  u   uv  … (3) [1 mark]
w x w y w z w x y z
dy

Using equations (1), (2), (3)

  
u v w
u v w
  
= u v  w  u  v  w   v  u  w   w  u  v   uvw  uvw  uvw 
x  y z
Vi

  
= x  uv  uw  uv  vw  uw  vw 3z [1 mark]
x y  z
  
= x 2y 3z [1 mark]
x y z

 25 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

Q.4(b) If tan ( + i) = tan + isec ,

  [6]
Prove that (i) e2 = cot (ii) 2 = n   
2 2
(A) We have,
tan ( + i) = tan + isec 
 tan (  i) = tan   isec  [1 mark]
Consider tan (2) = tan ( + i +   i)
tan (  i)tan(  i)
=
1  tan(  i)tan(  i)

r
=
 tanisec   tan   isec  
1   tan   isec   tan   isec  

ka
2tan
=
1   tan2   sec2  
2tan  
= =  cot  = tan    [1 mark]
2
2tan  2 

and
2 =

2



2 = n    
2
an(Principal value)

(General value)
[1 mark]

Consider tan(2i) = tan(  i)  (  i)

tan(  i)  tan(  i)
= [1 mark]
al
1  tan(  i)  tan(  i)
(tanisec)(tanisec)
=
1  (tan   isec )(tan isec)
2i sec
dy

= [1 mark]
1(tan2 sec2 )
2isec
 
itanh2 = 2
= icos
2sec 
tanh2 = cos
1  1  cos 
2 = tanh1(cos ) = log 
Vi

2  1  cos 
1  2cos2 ( / 2)  1
= log  = 2log
 (cot( / 2))
2 2
 2sin ( / 2)  2
 e2 = cot (/2) [1 mark]

 26 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

Q.4(c) Find the root of the equation x4 + x3 7x2  x + 5 = 0 which lies [8]
between 2 and 2.1 correct to three places of decimals using Regula
Falsi Method.
(A) Let f(x) = x4 + x3  7x2  x + 5
2 2.1
f(2) = (2)4 + (2)3  7(2)2  (2) + 5
= 1 < 0 (x0) x2 x3 x1
4 3 2
f(2.1) = (2.1) + (2.1)  7(2.1)  (2.1) + 5 () (+)
= 0.7391 > 0
Hence Root lies between 2 and 2.1 [2 marks]

r
x f(x )x1f(x0 )
Using Regula falsi Method, we have x2 = 0 1
f(x1 ) f(x0 )

ka
Here x0 = 2, x1 = 2.1
(2)(0.7391)(2.1)( 1)
x2 = = 2.0575
(0.7391)( 1)
f(x2) = f(2.0575) = 0.0597 < 0 [2 marks]
 Root lies between x2 and x1
x f(x )x1f(x2 )
x3 = 2 1
f(x1 )f(x2 )
= 2.0606
=
an
(2.0575)(0.7391)(2.1)( 0.0597)
(0.7931)( 0.0597)

f(x3) = f(2.0606) = 0.0045 < 0 [2 marks]

 Root lies between x3 & x1
al
x f(x )x1f(x3 ) (2.0606)(0.7391)(2.1)( 0.0045)
x4 = 3 1 =
f(x1 )f(x3 ) (0.7391)( 0.0045)
= 2.0608
Hence root of f(x) = x4 + x3  7x2  x + 5 = 0 correct upto 3 places is 2.060
dy

[2 marks]
 
m
Q.5(a) If y = x  x2  1 , [6]
Prove that (x2  1)yn+2 + (2n + 1)xyn+1 + (n2  m2) yn = 0.
 
m
(A) We have y = x x2  1
 (2x)

  1
m1
Vi

 y1 = m x  x2  1  1   [1 mark]
 2 x2  1 
 
 
m
 x2  1x 

= m x  x 1 m  2
  1
=
m x  x2  1
 x2  1  x2  1

my
=
x2  1
  x2  1   y1 2 = m2y2 [2 marks]

 27 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

Diff above equation once again w.r.t. x

 x2  1  2y, y2  y1 2 (2x) = m2(2y y1)
(x2  1)y2 + xy1  m2y = 0 …(1) [1 mark]
Using Leibnit'z theorem, on both sides of equation (1)
 x2  1  yn2 n(2x)yn1 n(n  1) (2)yn xyn1 n(1)yn m2 yn = 0
2
(x2  1)yn 2 (2n1)xyn1 [n2  n  n  m2 ]yn = 0
(x2  1)yn+2 + (2n + 1) xyn+1 + (n2  m2) yn = 0 [2 marks]

r
 1 1

ka
Q.5(b) Using the encoding matrix   , encode and decode the message [6]
 0 1
I*LOVE*MUMBAI*
(A) Let's assign numbers 1 to 26 for alphabets A to Z and 27 for space.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
O
15 16
P Q
17
Given Message is
R
18
an S
19
T
20
U
21
V
22
W
23
X
24
Y
25
Z
26
space(*)
27
[1 mark]
I * L O V E * M U M B A I *
9 27 12 15 22 5 27 13 21 13 2 1 9 27
al
1 1
Since encoding matrix is A =   to write AB possible, we write the
0 122
sequence of numbers in matrix B of order 2  n order
 9 12 22 27 21 2 9 
B =   [1 mark]
dy

27 15 5 13 13 1 27 
 1 1  9 12 22 27 21 2 9 
Consider AB =   
0 1 27 15 5 13 13 1 27 
36 27 27 40 34 3 36 
=   =C [1 mark]
27 15 5 13 13 1 27 
Vi

 1 1 36 27 27 40 34 3 36 
 B = A1C =    [1 mark]
0 1  27 15 5 13 13 1 27 
 9 12 22 27 21 2 9 
=   [1 mark]
27 15 5 13 13 1 27 
The entries of matrix B are written in a sequence, and then into alphabets
9 27 12 15 22 5 27 13 21 13 2 1 9 27
I * L O V E * M U M B A I *
Hence decoded message is I * LOVE * MUMBAI* [1 mark]

 28 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

Q.5(c) (i) Considering only principal values separate into real and imaginary [4]
log1i 
parts i
 x  i
(ii) Show that ilog   =   2 tan x
1
[4]
 x  i
(A) (i) Considering only principal values, separate into real and imaginary parts
ilog(1+i)
Let (x + iy) = ilog(1+i)
log(x + iy) = log ilog(1 + i)

r
= log (1 + i) log i
i
1  1 
=  log (1)2  (1)2   itan 1   loge 2


ka
2  1 
1 i  i
=  log2 
2 42
i 2
=
log2 = ( + i) (say) [2 marks]
4 8
 (x + iy)
2 
an
= e i = e ei = e[cos  + i sin ]
   
= e  /8 cos log2 isin log2  

Compare Real and imaginary parts
 4   4 
[1 mark]

2 
x = e  /8 cos log2
4
al
2  
y = e  /8 sin  log2  [1 mark]
4 
(ii) Consider
 xi 
= ilog(xi)log(x i)
dy

LHS = ilog
   [1 mark]
 x i
= ilog(xi)log(xi)
 1  1   1  1  
= i   log(x2 1)itan 1      log(x2  1)  itan 1    
 2  x  2  x  
  1  1
Vi

= i 2itan 1    = 2tan 1   [1 mark]

  x  x
 
= 2   tan 1  x   [1 mark]
2 
=   2 tan (x)
1

= RHS [1 mark]

 29 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

Q.6(a) Using De Moivre’s theorem prove that [6]

1
cos6   sin6  =
16
 cos 6  15 cos 2 
(A) Let z = cos  + i sin 
1
 = (cos  + i sin )1
z
= cos() + i sin () Using DMT
= cos   i sin 
1 1

r
 z = 2 cos , z = 2 i sin 
z z
(z)m = (cos  + i sin )m = cos m + i sin m Using DMT

ka
m
1
  = (cos   i sin )m = cos m   i sin m  Using DMT [1 mark]
z
1 1
 zm  = 2cosm and zm  = 2 i sin m 
z m
zm
6 6
1  1   1  1 
6
Now, consider cos   sin  an 6
=   z      z   

=
2 
1 
z    2i 
6
1 
z 
1  
 z    z   
64  z 
6

z  
[1 mark]

Consider
6 0 1 2 3
 1 1 1 1 1
al
z   = 6C0 (z)6   6C1 (z)5   6C2 (z) 4   6C3 (z)3  
 z z z z z
4 5 6
1 1 1
6C4 (z)2   6C5 (z)  6C6 (z)0  
z z z
We know
dy

6.5 6.54
6C0 = 6C6 = 1, 6C1 = 6C5 = 6, 6C2 = 6C4 = = 15, 6C3 = = 20
2 3.2
6 6
 1 6 4 2 15 6 1   1 
  z   = z 6z  15z 20 2  4  6 = (z)   [1 mark]
 z z z z   z 
1  1
Vi

Replace each by    , we get,

z  z
6
 1 15 6 1
z   = z6 6z 4 15z2 20 2  4  6 [1 mark]
 z z z z
1  6 15 6 1 
 cos6   sin6  = 4 2
 z  6z  15z  20 2  4  6 
64  z z z 
 15 6 1  
  z6  6z 4  15z2  20  2  4  6   [1 mark]
 z z z  

 30 
 Dec. 16 - Paper Solution

1   6 1   2 1 
= 2  z  6   30  z  2  [1 mark]
64   z   z 
1
= 2cos6  15(2cos2) 
32 
1
= cos 6  15cos2  [1 mark]
16 

1
 1 
1 2

r
1  x  y3 
3
Q.6(b) If u = sin  1 1 
,
 x2  y2  [6]

ka
 
2 u 2 u 2 u tanu
Prove that x2
x2
 2xy
xy
 y2 2 =
y 144

tan2 u 13 
1/2
 x1/3  y1/3 
1
(A) We have u = sin  1/2 1/2 
 x  y 

= sin 1 


an 
  x1/3   1   y   

1/2

 x  
3

1
 
1 2


1/2 
 1/2 1/2   y 1/2  
  x   1     
  x  
al
  y 
= sin 1 x 1/12   
  x 
Here u is not HF instead
y 1
f(u) = sin u = x 1/12   is homogeneous function of degree n =  in x
dy

x 12
and y. [2 marks]
Hence using corollary on Euler's theorem on Homogeneous function in two
variables,
2u 2u 2u
x2  2xy y2 2 = G(u) [G(u)  1] [2 marks]
x 2
xy y
Vi

nf(u) 1 sinu tanu

where G(u) = =   = 
f(u) 12 cosu 12
2u 2u 2u tanu  sec2 u 
 x2 2xy y2 2 =    1
x 2
xy y 12  12 
tanu 
=  sec2 u12
144 
tanu 
= tan2 u13 [2 marks]
144

 31 
Vidyalankar : F.E. – Maths I

Q.6(c) Discuss the maxima and minima of f(x, y) = x3 y2 (1  x  y) [8]

(A) we have f(x, y) = x3 y2 (1  x  y) = x3y2  x4y2  x3y3
f
Step 1: p = = 3x2 y2 4x3 y2 3x2 y3
x
f
q = = 2yx3  2yx4  3y2 x3
y
2f
r = = 6xy2  12x2y2  6xy3
x2

r
2f
s = = 6yx2  8yx3  9x2y2
xy

ka
2f
t = = 2x3  2x4  6yx3 [2 marks]
y2
Step 2 : for stationary values, we must have p = 0, q = 0
x2y2(3  4x  3y) = 0 …(1)
yx3 (2  2x  3y) = 0 …(2)
an
solving equation (1), (2)
x = 0 or y = 0 or 4x + 3y = 3
x = 0 or y = 0 or 2x + 3y = 2
1 1
we get O(0, 0), A(0, 2/3), B(1, 0), C(0, 1), D(3/4, 0), E  ,  [3 marks]
2 3
Step 3 :
al
Points r s t rt  s2 Conclusion
0(0, 0) 0 0 0 0
A(0, 2/3) 0 0 0 0 Not as
B(1,0) 0 0 0 0 stationary
dy

C(0,1) 0 0 0 0 point
D(3/4,0) 0 0 45/128 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 Local maxima
E  ,    
2 3 9 12 8 144
1 1 1
At E  ,  , rt  s2 =  0  It is a stationary point
 2 3  144
Vi

1
But r =  0
9
1 1
 E  ,  corresponds to local maxima.
2 3
2 2
1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1
 fmax = f(x, y)  E  ,  =      1    =   =
at 2 3 2 3  2 3 896 432
[3 marks]


 32 