UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA

MARIA
ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERIA
FISICAS Y FORMALES

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA

DE MINAS
CURSO:
PROYECTO DE TESIS
AUTOR:
 Perez Gallegos Jesús Fernando
 Zavaleta Torres Luis
SEMESTRE:
X

2019
PRACTICA 1
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/ “The supply of minerals and energy is critical to a
271739/1-s2.0- global society. Extraction of minerals results in the
S0895981118X00066/1-s2.0- concurrent production of a significant volume of
S0895981118302384/main.pdf?X- waste material, including tailings. The volume of
Amz-Security- tailings is normally far more than the liberated
Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGIaCXVzL resource, tailings may be reprocessing because they
WVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFtQCiYrenkV5 often contain significant amounts of potentially
bxpBHupW6Oe9U%2BNDJ3xkjgdBRS valuable elements. The physicochemical,
tl9MsAiAMHkfDAxmAUcq9F0D9vBTc mineralogical and elemental characterization of nine
tXuXbdfl%2B5Pf1mJl7oYVNSraAwgb different samples of mining residues from the
EAIaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMk%2 exploitation of both iron ores and polymetallic
FScdnv3GLJaSEEjKrcDriH7V7BjqqBxS minerals (Pb-Zn-Ag) was done to evaluate the
Ojvi%2BEDN%2Bb62rj190ypdhWtXh possibility of recovery of strategic elements, like Ga,
1VbrQtcjgwBbzHdUTxh%2Frk%2Fqd In, Ge and/or rare earth elements”. (Ceniceros-
pDQ4W9xrxOg%2Bjg9ht%2FNoiDP2r Gómez, Macías-Macías, De la Cruz-Moreno,
UCWzeS7vI6aiPzIUtIakAlDQWLISFOQ Gutiérrez-Ruiz, & Martínez-Jardines, 2018)
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https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/ “The most effective extraction of copper (84 to

271840/1-s2.0- >90%) was achieved by bioleaching the tailings at 45
S0892687517X00046/1-s2.0- ºC, using a defined microbial consortium, where
S0892687516303454/main.pdf?X- elemental sulfur was added to the tailings and the
Amz-Security- pH of leach liquors allowed to fall to pH 1, at which
Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGMaCXVz point anaerobic conditions were imposed”. (Falagán,
LWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFLwfhYWgZUi M. Grail, & Johnson, 2016)
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https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/ In this paper we review alternative tailings

271750/1-s2.0- management methods that aim to improve
S0959652614X0020X/1-s2.0- environmental, social and economic outcomes.
S0959652614004429/main.pdf?X- Three approaches in particular are highlighted: paste
Amz-Security- and thickened tailings; tailings reuse, recycling and
Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGMaCXVz reprocessing; and proactive management (e.g. the
LWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFLwfhYWgZUi integration of sulphide flotation with cemented
tZBkijUmLNLIm9iCnmYZUHNVWmaC paste backfill). (Edraki, y otros, 2014)
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e=client

https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/ This paper reviews analytical methods that have

271721/1-s2.0-
S0883292715X00060/1-s2.0-
S0883292714003278/main.pdf?X-
Amz-Security-
Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGQaCXVzL
WVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDBM15EvixzA
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been used to study mine waste mineralogy, including
conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction and
scanning electron microscopy, and advanced
methods such as synchrotron-based microanalysis
and automated mineralogy. We recommend direct
collaboration between researchers and mining
companies to choose the optimal mineralogical
techniques to solve complex problems, to co-publish
the results, and to ensure that mineralogical
knowledge is used to inform mine waste
management at all stages of the mining life cycle.
(Jamieson , Walker, & Parsons, 2015)
mJ8Dsr%2Fkc07QG5OYhEMWv7fd%
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https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/ El modelado de bloques de la geología de la mina se

271721/1-s2.0- realiza para identificar los conjuntos minerales
S0883292715X00060/1-s2.0- presentes, sus masas y variaciones
S0883292715000177/main.pdf?X- compositivas. Esta información se utiliza para
Amz-Security- seleccionar muestras, representativas de la roca
Token=AgoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGQaCXVzL residual que se generará, que serán analizadas y
WVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQDBM15EvixzA probadas para describir las características que
Be4dUzutaYFSNH4kKVNpf4jpSi6RxK influyen en la calidad del drenaje de roca
KoQIhAKkV97EG%2BGCW5%2BWlG residual. Los resultados de caracterización se utilizan
PPFGuK8hegM8DcqeITtD9DUzeiDKt para seleccionar muestras para pruebas de
oDCB0QAhoMMDU5MDAzNTQ2ODY disolución de laboratorio (pruebas cinéticas). Estas
1Igw6%2FUCpCoXgMPEn8w8qtwNt pruebas proporcionan datos empíricos sobre la
He0UIbPHodVPKn1iFP284%2BH7jbz disolución de los diversos conjuntos minerales
wIRvrFsclYJeabTiv3vDRL5Bl0DJI9cGv presentes como roca residual. Los datos generados
Vng%2FD19e728z3oHDg2AZCEKgzrd se utilizan, junto con las condiciones ambientales, el
x2hciYPy9VWnd5G0Nr8yjVd2TwQM método propuesto para el almacenamiento de
mJ8Dsr%2Fkc07QG5OYhEMWv7fd% desechos mineros y los principios científicos y
2FrpkgO3jzvFiUou0ONlbfw7Ho7r84t técnicos, para estimar las tasas de liberación de
7eF%2Fx4uZ6YkGOqWSeCPSg2X37x solutos para la roca residual de escala operativa. que
akYWinYuZvIw7fIl3B8Q5kgoNMvWJr serán analizados y probados para describir las
FM4DNDx9OXfo3XhCxnckamOQwbt características que influyen en la calidad del drenaje
n0EwUlY26JHytuwuYqX8Lp4hEZwY de rocas residuales. Los resultados de
MnYNddhIOdzgf5wB7%2F95lm2vO2 caracterización se utilizan para seleccionar muestras
t5DeTyWObKb5afrXFe%2BYUP%2B para pruebas de disolución de laboratorio (pruebas
MKGGGRYOpJgLADUlTz6N4hUVnr% cinéticas). (Lapakko, 2015)
2F0Y%2FO%2BR2dHlRwevu2RvRo2
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URL APA
https://ezproxy.ucsm. This paper addresses the
edu.pe:2181/science/ question of whether mining
article/pii/S030142 can be done in a way that
0716300782 contains and remediates
environmental impacts and
thereby safeguards the
livelihoods of local
populations. It focuses on
tailings storage facilities
(TSF) as the source of most
mining-related disasters.
(Erica Schoenberger, 2016)
https://ezproxy.ucsm. The effects of water-
edu.pe:2181/science/ extractable Mn
article/pii/S01476513 concentration,
19301137 bioaccumulation factor
(BAF), translocation factor
(TF), and Mn uptake by
Polygonum pubescens
METODO
This research is qualitative
and, in a sense, forensic. It is
based on a review of
published and unpublished
documents related to the
specific cases and to the
engineering of TSFs in
general. These documents
include technical post
mortems of the two failed
TSFs. Other information was
gathered from
correspondence with and
conference presentations of
practicing engineers with
many decades of experience
in the construction and
maintenance of TSFs.
Information was also
gathered from company
websites, government
websites and newspaper
accounts.
Soil preparations and soil
properties.
RESULTADOS
It compares outcomes at three
mines – two which ended in
disaster and one notable
success – to try to get at what
factors are critical in producing
these outcomes. Although the
design and construction of
TSFs is technically
challenging,the paper
concludes that the basic
causes of TSF failure are
political, not technical.
The results showed that EDTA
significantly (P < 0.05)
increased the water-
extractable Mn concentration,
and soils with different
amounts of artificial
disturbances had different
CONCLUSION
The technical demands of
safely sequestering and
storing tailings are many
and varied. It takes a high
degree of engineering
training and insight to get it
right. But it is possible to
do.
The application of EDTA
significantly increased the
solubility of Mn in the
unexplored soil, mining soil
and tailing soil, as well as
the concentration of Mn in
the leaves, stems and roots
 Blume cultured in the
unexplored soil, mining soil
and tailing soil from the
Pingle Mn mine in China
were quantified in a pot
experiment to determine
the effects of EDTA
exposure on the success of
phytoremediation.
(Fangming Yu, Yi Li, Furong
Li, Chunming Li, Kehui Liu,
2019)
https://ezproxy.ucsm. To mitigate mercury (Hg)
edu.pe:2181/science/ pollution and reduce Hg
article/pii/ downstream transportation,
S0048969718335940 a weir was designed by a
river
system that had been
inflicted by leachate from
the slagheap of the
responses to EDTA exposure. of P. pubescens cultured in
Low and medium EDTA the unexplored soil, the
concentrations might have mining soil and tailing soil
positive effect on plant growth
of P. pubescens cultured in the
unexplored soil, as indicated
by comparable increases in
biomass, plant height and
photosynthetic pigment
content, but opposite results
were found with high EDTA
concentrations exposure.
EDTA exposure had a negative
effect on the growth of P.
pubescens cultured in the
mining soil and tailing soil. In
general, the concentration of
Mn in different tissues
significantly (P < 0.05)
increased as the EDTA
concentration increased in
each soil
A whole year monitoring of The Hg concentrations in the To increase the Hg removal
Hg species was conducted, river water were significantly capacity of the weir, the
and the efficiency of Hg higher in the wet season than addition of absorptive
reduction by the weir in materials, biofilm, or plants
application was evaluated. the dry season. Waterflow was such as moss, can be
confirmed to be the main considered to be involved
driving factor for Hg in the future. Long-term
mobilization and monitoring should be
transportation, conducted to establish the
 Yanwuping Hg mine in
Wanshan Hg mining
area. (Xiaohang Xu,
Chunhao Gu, Xinbin Feng,
Guangle Qiu, Lihai Shang,
Zhidong Xu, Qinhui Lu, Dean
Xiao, Heng Wang, Yan Lin,
Thorjørn Larssen, 2019)
https://ezproxy.ucsm. Pollutions associated with
edu.pe:2181/science/ mining activities are
article/pii/ environmentally challenging
S0375674218305879 worldwide, particularly in
Sub
Saharan African countries
due to extreme climatic
conditions, influencing the
dispersion of metallic
pollutants in
ecosystems. Mine tailings
subjected to acid mine
drainage or eolian erosion
represent a major source of
damages
to the environment.
Microorganisms play a key
role in biogeochemical
cycles controlling metals
and metalloids
fate and behavior in
polluted environments. (O.
Some microorganisms
accelerate the oxidative
dissolution of sulfide
minerals, leading to the
formation of acid mine
drainages. In another hand,
microorganisms can favor the
precipitation of toxic metals
and metalloids in solution,
contributing to the natural
attenuation of polluted
waters. These natural
capacities can be exploited
for the bioremediation of
mine impacted sites.
and an episode study revealed
that most Hg was released in
times of storms.
Advances in the field of high
throughput sequencing
techniques have
revolutionized molecular
biology and opened a new era
in research on microbial
ecology, enabling to explore
the diversity and
activity of microbial
communities thriving in
polluted environments. In-
depth understanding of
microbial activity will
contribute to improve the
mitigation of pollutions.
baseline conditions and to
document the effectiveness
of remediation as it
proceeds. It is necessary to
take some special measures
during rainstorm events
Intensive mining and
processing activities
resulted in the generation
of huge amounts of liquid
and solid wastes
worldwide, and mining
pollution represents a
growing social concern. In
Sub Saharan African
countries, mining activities
have generated large areas
of unrestored mined lands,
particularly in South Africa,
Zimbabwe, Botswana, or
Ghana (Humphries et al.,
2017; Festin et al., 2018).

https://ezproxy.ucsm.
edu.pe:2181/science/
article/pii/S004896971931277X conditions is one of the
Bruneel, N. Mghazli, L.
Sbabou, M. Héry, C. Casiot,
A. Filali-Maltouf, 2019)
The evolution of iron
minerals under buried
most important processes
controlling the
mineral composition and
heavy metal transportation
in sediments.Microbial-
mediated reduction plays a
critical
role in iron mineral
transformation in natural
environment.
(Bingjie Ouyang, Xiancai Lu,
Juan Li, Huan Li, 2019)
The solids before and after
experiments were analyzed
for surface
morphologies, elemental va-
lence state and mineral com-
positions. The
reacted solids were observed
using a JSM-6490 scanning
electron microscope
coupled with energy disper-
sive spectrometer (SEM-EDS)
(JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
The static experiment showed
intensive ironmineral reduc-
tionmediated
by microbial activities. The
concentrations of Fe2+ in
anoxic experiment
inoculated with bacteria (an-
aero-taili-bio) was approxima-
tely 3
times higher than that for ot-
her experiments after reaction
for 10 days.
In this study, iron mineral
transformation coupled
transport of dissolved
Fe and As species under the
influence of microbial acti-
vities
was investigated using sta-
tic, column reactor experi-
ments and a
PHREEQC reactive transport
model.
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