Exp No: 1 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No.

17BEC0828

ASK Modulation

Aim:
To construct and study Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation circuit and to analyze the
waveforms
Components Required:

IC 741 1
Transistor BC107 1
Resistor 1KΩ - 3
10kΩ -1
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:

R4
VCC 10kΩ
XFG1
5.0V
V1

R2
1kΩ 15V
4

U1
R1
2
1kΩ 6
Q1 3
R3
7
5
1

741
1kΩ
BC107BP
V2
15V

XFG2
Pin Configuration:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Adjust the input message amplitude and frequency to 1V& 1 KHz respectively.

3. Observe the output in DSO at pin 6 of the Op-amp.

4. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.

Model graph:

Theory:
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a type of Amplitude Modulation which represents the binary data
in the form of variations in the amplitude of a signal. Any modulated signal has a high frequency carrier.
The binary signal when ASK modulated, gives a zero value for Low input while it gives the carrier output
for High input.
 The ASK modulator block diagram comprises of the carrier signal generator, the binary sequence
from the message signal and the band-limited filter. Following is the block diagram of the ASK Modulator.
The carrier generator, sends a continuous high-frequency carrier. The binary sequence from the message
signal makes the unipolar input to be either High or
Low. The high signal closes the switch, allowing a
carrier wave. Hence, the output will be the carrier
signal at high input. When there is low input, the
switch opens, allowing no voltage to appear.
Hence, the output will be low.
The band-limiting filter, shapes the pulse
depending upon the amplitude and phase
characteristics of the band-limiting filter or the
pulse-shaping filter.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
Message signal 2Vpp 500Hz
Carrier Signal 4Vpp 4kHz
ASK signal 26V 4.59kHz

Inference:
1. The output is dependent on the i/p message signal.
2. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p.
Exp No: 2 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No. 17BEC0828

Implementation of De-Modulation of ASK Signal

Aim:
To construct and study an circuit for Demodulating ASK signal and to analyze the
waveforms
Components Required:

IC 741 1
Diode 1N4001 1
Resistor 1.5KΩ - 2
Capacitor 1.0µF - 2
POT 47KΩ - 1
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:
Pin Configuration:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. Give a proper ASK Signal from the Function/Waveform generator.
3. Observe the output at terminal 6 of the IC741.
4. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.
Model graph:

Theory:
There are two types of ASK Demodulation techniques. They are –

 Asynchronous ASK demodulation

 Synchronous ASK demodulation
The clock frequency at the transmitter when matches with the clock frequency at the receiver, it is
known as a Synchronous method, as the frequency gets synchronized. Otherwise, it is known as
Asynchronous.
Asynchronous ASK Demodulator

The Asynchronous ASK detector

consists of a half-wave rectifier, a low
pass filter, and a comparator. Following
is the block diagram for the same.

The modulated ASK signal is given to

the half-wave rectifier, which delivers a
positive half output. The low pass filter
suppresses the higher frequencies and
gives an envelope detected output from
which the comparator delivers a digital
output.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
ASK Wave 4.16Vpp 100Hz, 1kHz
Rectified Wave 900mV 1kHz
O/P signal 31.8Vpp 100Hz

Inference:
1. The output is dependent on the i/p message signal.
2. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p
 TASK-1
Design a new LPF part for ASK De-mod for input 500Hz, 4kHz and 4Vpp
 SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)
(V) Or
Time period (s)
ASK Wave 4Vpp 500Hz, 4kHz
Rectified Wave 7.36V 500Hz
O/P signal 28.24Vpp 498.91Hz
Exp No: 3 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No. 17BEC0828

FSK MODULATION

Aim:
To construct and study Frequency Shift Keying Modulation circuit and to analyze the
waveforms
Components Required:

Timer IC555 1
Transistor BC548 1
Resistor 4.7KΩ - 2
2.5KΩ - 1
100Ω - 1
Capacitor 0.1µF – 1
0.01µF - 1
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:
Pin Configuration for Transistor Timer IC 555:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. Give a proper message signal from the Function/Waveform generator.
3. Observe the output at terminal 3 of the Timer 555.
4. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.
Model graph:
Theory:
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is the digital modulation technique in which the frequency of the carrier
signal varies according to the digital signal changes. FSK is a scheme of frequency modulation.
The output of a FSK modulated wave is high in frequency for a binary High input and is low in frequency
for a binary Low input. The binary 1s and 0s are called Mark and Space frequencies.

The FSK modulator block diagram comprises of two oscillators with a clock and the input binary
sequence. Following is its block diagram.

The two oscillators, producing a higher and a

lower frequency signals, are connected to a switch
along with an internal clock. To avoid the abrupt
phase discontinuities of the output waveform
during the transmission of the message, a clock is
applied to both the oscillators, internally. The
binary input sequence is applied to the transmitter
so as to choose the frequencies according to the
binary input.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
MSG signal 18Vpp 100Hz
Carrier signal 4.5Vpp 1.329kHz
O/P signal 4.5vpp F1=1.667kHz
F2=196Hz

No. of cycles = 9
Inference:
1. The output is dependent on the I/p message signal.
2. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p
 TASK-2
Design a new LPF part for ASK De-mod for input 500Hz, 4kHz and 4Vpp
 SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)
(V) Or
Time period (s)
ASK Wave 4Vpp 500Hz, 4kHz
Rectified Wave 7.36V 500Hz
O/P signal 28.24Vpp 498.91Hz
Exp No: 4 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No. 17BEC0828

Implementation of De-Modulation of FSK Signal

Aim:
To construct and study a circuit for Demodulating FSK signal and to analyze the waveforms
Components Required:

Diode 0A79 1
IC741 1
Resistor 10KΩ - 2
Capacitor 0.1µF - 2
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:

XSC1

XFG1
V1
15V Agilent
4

U1
R1 D1
2
10kΩ 1N4001GP 6
1kΩ 3
C1 C2 R2 Key=A
0.1µF 0.1µF 10kΩ
7
5
1

741
R3
50 %

V2
15V
Pin Configuration:

Procedure:
5. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
6. Give a proper FSK Signal from the Function/Waveform generator.
7. Observe the output at terminal 6 of the IC741.
8. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.
Model graph:

Theory:
There are different methods for demodulating a FSK wave. The main methods of FSK detection are
asynchronous detector and synchronous detector. The synchronous detector is a coherent one, while
asynchronous detector is a non-coherent one.
The block diagram of Asynchronous FSK detector consists of two band pass filters, two envelope
detectors, and a decision circuit. Following is the diagrammatic representation.

The FSK signal is passed through the two Band Pass

Filters (BPFs), tuned to Space and Mark
frequencies. The output from these two BPFs look
like ASK signal, which is given to the envelope
detector. The signal in each envelope detector is
modulated asynchronously.

The decision circuit chooses which output is more

likely and selects it from any one of the envelope
detectors. It also re-shapes the waveform to a
rectangular one.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
FSK Wave 5Vpp 100Hz, 1kHz
O/P signal 27.5Vpp 100Hz

Ton = 2ms, Toff= 2ms

Inference:
3. The output is dependent on the I/p message signal.
4. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p
Exp No: 5 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No. 17BEC0828

BPSK Modulation

Aim:
To construct and study a circuit for generation of PSK signal and to analyze the waveforms
Components Required:

Transistor BC547 1
Transistor BC557 1
IC741 1
Resistor 10KΩ - 3
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:

Q1
BC547A R1 R2

10kΩ 10kΩ

XFG1 V1
15V
R3
10kΩ
4

U1

2
R4
10kΩ 6

3
Q2
XFG2 BC557A
7
5
1

741

R5
10kΩ
V2
15V
Pin Configuration:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. Give a proper message signal from the Function/Waveform generator.
3. Observe the output at terminal 6 of the IC741.
4. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.
Model graph:

Theory:
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is the digital modulation technique in which the phase of the carrier signal is
changed by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a particular time.
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
This is also called as 2-phase PSK or Phase Reversal Keying. In this technique, the sine wave carrier takes
two phase reversals such as 0° and 180°. BPSK is basically a Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier
(DSBSC) modulation scheme, for message being the digital information.
The block diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying consists of the balance modulator which has the carrier
sine wave as one input and the binary sequence as the other input.
The modulation of BPSK is done using a balance modulator, which multiplies the two signals applied at
the input. For a zero binary input, the phase will be 0° and for a high input, the phase reversal is of 180°.

The output sine wave of the modulator will be the

direct input carrier or the inverted (180° phase shifted)
input carrier, which is a function of the data signal.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
PSK Wave 5Vpp 500Hz
Carrier 5Vpp 5kHz
BPSK 1.6Vpp 4.988kHz

Inference:
1. The output is dependent on the I/p message signal.
2. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p
Exp No: 6 Date: 11-07-2019 Reg No. 17BEC0828

Implementation of De-Modulation of BPSK Signal

Aim:
To construct and study a circuit for Demodulating PSK signal and to analyze the waveforms
Components Required:

Diode 0A79 1
IC741 1
Resistor 10KΩ - 1
Capacitor 0.1µF - 1
DC Power Supply 2
DSO 1
Bread Board & Connecting Wires 1
Set
Function/Waveform Generator 1

Circuit Diagram:
XSC1

XFG1
V1
15V Agilent
4

U1
D1
2
1N4001GP 6
10kΩ 3
C2 R2 Key=A
0.1µF 10kΩ
7
5
1

741
R3
50 %

V2
15V
Pin Configuration:

Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. Give a proper BPSK Signal from the Function/Waveform generator.
3. Observe the output at terminal 6 of the IC741.
4. Tabulate the readings and write the observations.
Model graph:

Theory:
 The block diagram of BPSK demodulator
consists of a mixer with local oscillator circuit, a
band pass filter, a two-input detector circuit.
The diagram is as follows.

By recovering the band-limited message signal,

with the help of the mixer circuit and the band
pass filter, the first stage of demodulation gets
completed. The base band signal which is band
limited is obtained and this signal is used to
regenerate the binary message bit stream.

In the next stage of demodulation, the bit clock

rate is needed at the detector circuit to produce the original binary message signal. If the bit rate is a
sub-multiple of the carrier frequency, then the bit clock regeneration is simplified. To make the circuit
easily understandable, a decision-making circuit may also be inserted at the 2nd stage of detection.

Tabular Column:

SIGNALS AMPLITUDE Frequency (Hz)

(V) Or
Time period (s)
PSK Wave 5Vpp 500Hz, 1kHz
O/P signal 10.9Vpp 500Hz

Ton = 1.35ms, Toff= 510us

Inference:
1. The output is dependent on the I/p message signal.
2. At the +ve i/p message signal we will get the output as carrier signal and 0 at –ve i/p