ENDEMIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Tamaraw
The Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) or Mindoro
Dwarf Buffalo is a small hoofed mammal belonging to
the family Bovidae. It is endemic to the island
of Mindoro. It is believed, however, to have once also
thrived on the greater island of Luzon.
2. Pandaka Pygmea
The dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea) is one of
the smallest fish in the world by mass, and is also one
of the shortest freshwater fish. Mature males can
reach up to 1.1 cm, while the females can grow up to
1.5 cm. Average weight is from 4 to 5 mg. It is known
as bia and tabios in the Philippines.
3. Philippine Tarsier
The Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta), is known
locally as the Maumag in Cebuano/Visayan
and Mamag in Luzon. It is found in the southeastern
part of the archipelago, particularly in the islands of
Bohol Island, Samar Island, Leyte Island and
Mindanao.
4. Pilandok
The Philippine Mouse-deer or Balabac Mouse-deer is
found mainly in the island of Balabac which is located
south of Palawan. Locally called Pilandok (tragalus
nigricans), It has a body the size of a rabbit with
slender legs and an arched back that is covered by
brown fur, with a white base. A dark line runs from
each ear past the eye toward the nose.
5. Philippine Eagle-owl
The Philippine Eagle-owl, Bubo philippensis, is
an vulnerable species of bird belonging to
the Strigidae family. It is endemic to the Philippines,
where found in lowland forests on the islands
of Catanduanes, Samar, Bohol, Mindanao, Luzon, Ley
te and possibly Sibuyan. It is known locally as the
“kuwago” or “bukao”.
6. Philippine Crocodile
The Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is
a crocodile endemic in the Philippines. It is also known
as the Mindoro crocodile and the Philippine freshwater
crocodile. The Philippine crocodile is a relatively small
freshwater crocodilian. Growing no more than 3
meters, they have a relatively broad snout and thick
bony plates on its back. Females are slightly smaller
than males.
7. Hoya Obscura
Hoya obscura is a fast growing hoya from the
Philippines. Characterized by medium-sized veined
leaves that range from deep green when grown in
shade, to a deep reddish color when grown in sunlight.
This hoya is very easy to grow.
8. Paphiopedilum Fowliei
Paphiopedilum fowlie is a species of plant in the
Orchidaceae family. It is native to the beautiful island
of Palawan, Philippine’s last frontier. This species
which is threatened by loss of habitat inhabits tropical
and subtropical forests.
9. Rafflesia Philippensis
Rafflesia philippensis is a parasitic plant species of the
genus Rafflesia that was named by Blanco in his Flora
de Filipinas in 1845. R. philippensisis known only from
a mountain located between the provinces
of Laguna and Quezon, Luzon where it was first
discovered.
10. Waling-Waling
Euanthe sanderiana is endemic to Mindanao in the
provinces of Davao, Cotabato, and Zamboanga where
it is found on the trunks of dipterocarp trees. It is
commonly called Waling-walingin the Philippines and
is also called Sander's Euanthe. The orchid is
considered to be the "Queen of Philippine flowers" and
is worshiped as a diwata by the native Bagobo people.
11. Kris Plant
Alocasia sanderiana (Kris Plant) is an ornamental
plant in the Araceae family, which is native to
the Philippines. It is a tropical perennial with upright
shiny, V-shaped and deeply lobed leaves. The plant
can be up to 6 ft (2 m) tall and large in its native
tropical area. However, it is smaller in culture.
12. Cebu Cinnamon Tree
Cinnamomum cebuense, the Cebu Cinnamon tree, is
a species of cinnamon endemic to Cebu Island,
Philippines. It was first discovered in Cantipla, Cebu in
mid 1980's and described by Kostermanns in 1986.
The tree is endemic to the Island of Cebu but several
trees are found in the neighboring islands
of Camotes and Siquijor.
 ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Writhed-billed Hornbill
The Writhed-billed Hornbill, or Visayan Wrinkled
Hornbill (Aceros waldeni) is a hornbill bird living in the
rainforests of Negros and Panay of the Philippines
This is a critically endangered species. It is presumed
extinct on Guimaras and now survives only on Negros
and Panay. The current population is estimated at less
than 160.
2. Visayan Warty Pig
The Visayan warty pig, (Sus cebifrons) is a critically
endangered species of pig. The Visayan warty pig can
only be found on two of the Visayan Islands in the
central Philippines, and as a result, faces unique
challenges to their survival in the wild.
3. Cebu Flowerpecker
The Cebu flowerpecker (Dicaeum quadricolor) is a
small passerine bird. It is endemic to Cebu Island in
the Philippines. It is critically endangered and was
feared to have become extinct early in the 20th
century, but was rediscovered in 1992 and has since
been found at three other sites. The current population
is estimated to be between 85 and 105 individuals.
4. Mindoro Bleeding Heart
The Mindoro bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba platenae) is
a medium-sized, short-tailed, ground-dwelling pigeon
species endemic to the Philippines. This species has
an extremely small, severely fragmented population
which is undergoing a continuing decline owing to
lowland forest destruction, combined with hunting and
trade. For these reasons it is listed as critically
endangered.
5. Ilin Island Cloudrunner
The Ilin Island Cloudrunner (Crateromys paulus) is a
critically endangered, possibly extinct cloud
rat from Ilin Island in the Philippines. It is a fluffy-
coated, bushy-tailed rat and may have emerged from
tree hollows at night to feed on fruits and leaves.
6. Calamian Deer
The Calamian Deer, (Axis calamianensis), also known
as Calamian Hog Deer, is a species of deer found only
in the Calamian Group of Islands of Palawan province
of the Philippines. It is one of three species of deer
native to the Philippines.
7. Cyathea heterochlamydea
Cyathea heterochlamydea is a little-known species
of tree fern native to the islands
of Luzon, Panay, Negros and Mindanao in
the Philippines. The trunk of this plant is erect and
usually up to 4 m tall or more. The stipe is warty
and/or bears short spines and scales. These scales
are dark, glossy and have a narrow pale
margin. Sori are borne near the fertilepinnule midvein
and are protected by firm, brown indusia.
8. Almaciga
The Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) is an
endangered (threatened) species in the Philippines.
Almaciga is an evergreen large tree of the
Araucariaceae family that grows up to 65m. It can
have a diameter of 2 meters at breast hight and has a
smooth, gray bark, sometimes brownish with flaky
skin. Its oval leaves narrow gradually at times, sharply,
toward the tip.
9. Philippine Date Palm
Philippine date palm or (Phoenix hanceana Naud. var.
philippinensis Becc) is a solitary, erect palm with a
trunk rising up to 10m tall and growing up to 25cm in
diameter. With leavesgrowing till 1m long with leaflets
at the lower portion. It's fruits are oblong, turning black
when mature. Covering one-fourth of the entire fruit is
the perianth which protects it's developing
reproductive parts.
10. Kanyon or Luplupak
Kanyon, Luplupak or (Lilium philippinense Baker) or its
family name is Liliaceae is a herb reaching a height of
up to 60cm. Basically leaves are green, simple,
alternate, narrow, and tapering at both ends. The
flowers are solitary, funnel-shaped, white outside and
flushed wine-purple or purplish-striped inside. Its
habitat is open fields in medium to high altitudes.
Where its conservation status vulnerable while its
threats is over-collection for ornamental use;
conversion of land for agricultural and other purposes.
11. Bungang-ipot
Bungang-ipot or its Scientific name is ( Areca ipot
Becc.) and its family name is(Palmae). Bungang-
ipot is a small stocky tree to 4m high and to 12cm in
diameter. Its deep orange fruit has a flattened base
and a rounded top. Its seeds is oval-shaped. The
natives use the nuts for betel-chewing. It is found in
primary forests at low and medium altitudes and its
conservation status is threatend. While the threats is
over-collection for ornamental purposes.
12. Philippine Camia
Philippine Garland, Philippine Camia or (Hedychium
philippinense K. Schum) is an epiphytic herb with 1 to
3 stems. The terminal flowers are white with a shade
of yellow and with crinkled margins. The fruit is a
three-sided capsule which turns orange-yellow and
bears dark red seeds. Philippine Garland, Philippine
Camia is epiphytic grew on trunks and branches of
trees in primary forests at altitudes 900 to 1,800m.
And its conservation status is very rare.