MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS – I

PART A
UNIT – I

1. Point out the function of statistics.

2. What are the measures of central tendency?
3. When a distribution is said to be skewed?
4. What is meant by statistics?
5. What is complete enumeration method?
6. Write any two applications of statistics.
7. Mention any two nature of statistical methods.
8. Distinguish between primary data and secondary data.
9. What are the limitations of an average in general?
10. Write the empirical relationship between mean, median and mode.
11. Mention the types of measures of variation.
12. Define statistics.
13. What is meant by complete enumeration?
14. What is complete enumeration? Mention its demerits.
15. What is meant by measures of central tendency?
16. Define measures of central tendency.
17. Define Kurtosis.
18. Mention any two applications of Statistics.
19. What do you understand by dispersion?
20. What is standard deviation?
21. What is complete enumeration?
22. Define Standard deviation.
23. What is the ideal measure of location? Why?
24. Define ‘Statistics’.
25. What is meant by sampling method?
26. Define ‘Arithmetic Mean’.

UNIT – II

1. Define mutually exclusive events.

2. What is conditional probability?
3. Define sample space.
4. Define exhaustive events.
5. Define ‘events’ and ‘sample space’.
6. Write the classical definition of probability.
7. What is conditional probability?
8. What are 'Random Experiments'?
9. When do you say two events are independent?
10. Define Probability
11. What is meant by an event?
12. When two events are said to be independent?
13. What is the importance of Baye’s theorem?
14. What is Random experiment?
15. Define conditional probability.
16. When two events are said to be independent?
17. Define mutually exclusive events.
18. Write down the importance of Bayes theorem.
19. What is ‘Sample Space’?
20. What is an Event? Give examples.
21. Define probability.
22. Define complementary event and give an example.If A and B are independent events, how about the
independence of A' and B' ?
 UNIT – III

1. Define a random variable.

2. What are the properties of a characteristic function?
3. What is discrete random variable?
4. Define distribution function.
5. Define characteristic function.
6. Define a continuous random variable with an example.
7. What are ‘cumulants’?
8. Define characteristic function of a random variable.
9. What are random variable? Give examples.
10. Define Probability generating function.
11. Define characteristic function.
12. State uniqueness theorem.
13. What is sampling method?
14. Define moment generating function.
15. What are cumulants?
16. Write down inversion theorem.
17. State the uniqueness theorem.
18. Define Distribution function.
19. What is distribution function?
20. State uniqueness theorem.
21. What are cumulants?

UNIT – IV

1. What is rank correlation?

2. What is linear prediction?
3. What are the uses of regression equation?
4. What is meant by correlation?
5. Write down the two regression equations.
6. What is curve fitting?
7. What is correlation? Mention its range.
8. What is the product of byx and bxy?
9. What do you understand by ‘Bivariate distributions’?
10. When do you use ‘Rank correlation’?
11. Define Correlation.
12. Mention the uses of Regression.
13. Define rank correlation.
14. Define probability density function.
15. What do you understand by Bivariate distribution?
16. Define Regression.
17. Define rank correlation coefficient.
18. Write down any two uses of regression.

UNIT- V

1. Define exponential distribution.

2. What are the relationships between mean and variance in Binomial and Poisson distribution?
3. Define Hyper geometric distribution.
4. Mention any two applications of Binomial distribution
5. What is the mean and variance of uniform distribution?
6. Define gamma distribution.
7. Define binomial distribution.
8. Mention the uses of Poisson distribution. Mention the functions of Statistics.
9. Define normal distribution.
10. Write down the mean and variance of binomial distribution
11. Define Gamma distribution.
 12. State the second kind of Beta distribution.
13. Define exponential distribution.
14. Mention any two properties of normal distribution.
15. Define ‘Distribution function’.

PART –B
UNIT – I

1. State the merits and demerits of arithmetic mean.

2. Explain the functions of statistics.
3. Explain the different measures of dispersion.
4. Distinguish between Skewness and Kurtosis
5. Calculate the Arithmetic mean from the following:
6. C.I. : 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
f : 12 18 27 20 17 6
7. Explain the limitations of statistics.
8. Write the difference between census and sampling method.
9. Explain the limitations of statistics.
10. Define different types of skewness and sketch the same.
11. What are the merits and demerits of standard deviation?
12. Define ‘Arithmetic mean’. Mention its properties.
13. What are the properties of a good average?
14. What is meant by Skewness? Mention the types of skewness.
15. Explain the scope and limitations of statistics.
16. Distinguish between Skewness and dispersion.

UNIT – II

1. Explain conditional probability with examples.

2. Define conditional probability. Explain it with example.
3. State and prove the multiplication law of probability.
4. State and prove the addition theorem of probability.
1 1 1
5. A problem in statistics is given to three student A, B, C whose chances of solving it one 2
,3,4
 respectively.What is the probability that the problem will be solved?
6. State and prove multiplicative probability law.
7. Five coins are throwns at a time. What is the probability of getting more than three heads?
8. Write the axiomatic definition of probability. Mention its features.
9. State Baye's theorem. Mention its applications.
10. Explain conditional probability with an example.
11. State and prove addition theorem on probability.
12. If X and Y are independent prove that E(XY ) = E(X).E(Y ).

UNIT – III

1. Define Moment generating function. State its limitations.

2. State uniqueness theorem.
3. Define random variable and state its properties.
4. Define characteristic function and state its properties.
5. Define MGF and characteristic function.
6. State the uniqueness and inversion theorems.
7. Derive the third and fourth order moments.
8. Write the merits and demerits of sampling method.
9. State uniqueness theorem. Mention its significance.
10. Distinguish between discrete and continuous random variables.
11. Define distribution function of a random variable. Mention its properties.
12. State Inversion theorem and indicate its importance.
13. Define distribution function and state its properties.

UNIT – IV

1. Define exponential distribution and obtain its mean and variance.

2. State the chief characteristics of normal probability curve.
3. Derive Poisson distribution as a limiting form of binomial distribution stating clearly the
conditions involved.
4. Explain the memory loss property of geometric distribution.
5. Write the properties of Normal distribution.
6. Derive the MGF of exponential distribution.
7. Write the properties of Normal distribution.
8. Describe Gamma distribution and state its properties.
9. Derive the variance of Poisson distribution.
10. Derive the M.G.F of Poisson distribution and hence find the first two moments.
11. Define Binomial distribution. State the conditions for its use.
12. Obtain the recurrence relation on the moments of Poisson distribution.
13. If X is a continuous random variable having density function
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦0 𝑥(2 − 𝑥), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦0 and obtain the variance of X

UNIT – V

1. Distinguish between partial and multiple correlation.

2. What is Regression?
3. When do you use Rank correlation?
4. What is the principle of least square?
5. Explain the method of least squares for curve fitting.
6. (a)State and prove Chebycher’s inequality.
(b) Find the mathematical expectation of the sum of points of n dice.
7. Distinguish between correlation and Regression.
8. Compute the co-efficient of Rank correlation.
x: 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
y: 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
9. Find the rank correlation coefficient for the data given below :
X: 5 8 12 15 24 28 20 10
Y: 12 15 17 22 24 30 10 27
10. Explain the method of principle of least squares.
11. State the properties of regression co-efficients.
12. Show that the correlation co-efficient is independent of scale and origin.
13. What are regression lines? Why are these two such lines? What are their uses?
14. Compute the coefficient of correlation between X and Y of following :
15. X : 16. 10 17. 12 18. 18 19. 8 20. 13 21. 20 22. 22 23. 15 24. 5 25. 17
26. Y : 27. 88 28. 90 29. 94 30. 86 31. 87 32. 92 33. 96 34. 94 35. 88 36. 85

15. Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation of the following data :

Heights (X) : 150.0 153.5 145.8 156.7 144.0 159.9 151.2
Weights (Y) : 55 65 51 63 49 73 59

PART C
UNIT –I

1. Explain the nature and scope of statistical methods.

2. Describe various measures of dispersion together with their relative merits and demerits.
3. Explain the functions and applications of statistics.
4. Calculate the mean, median and mode of the following data.
x : 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45
y: 6 5 15 13 5 4 2 2
5. Calculate the mean and standard deviation for the following distribution.
Age : 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
No. of persons : 3 61 132 153 140 51 2

6. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the following frequency distribution :
x : 2.5 – 7.5 7.5 – 12.5 12.5 – 17.5 17.5 – 22.5 22.5 – 27.5 27.5 – 32.5 32.5 – 37.5 37.5 – 42.5
f: 12 28 65 121 175 198 176 120
x : 42.5 – 47.5 47.5 – 52.5 52.5 – 57.5 57.5 – 62.5
f: 66 27 9 3

7. Calculate coefficient of variation and Karl Pearson’s coefficient of Skewness of the

following data :
Age (years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

No. of persons 10 15 25 25 10 9 6
 UNIT –II

1. State and prove Baye’s theorem. Explain the importance of Baye’s theorem in probability theory.
2. State and prove the Baye’s theorem.
3. State and establish Addition and Multiplicative laws of probability .
4. A and B are two weak students of statistics and their chances of solving a problem in statistics
1 1 1
correctly are 6 and 8 respectively. If their probability of making a common error 525 and they
obtain the same answer, find the probability that their answer is correct.
5. (a) Establish Bayes theorem.
4 2 1
(b) The probabilities of A, B and C becoming managers are 9 , 9 and 3 respectively. The probabilities that the
3 1 4
Bonus scheme will be introduced if A, B and C becomes managers are 10 , 2 and 5 respectively.What is the
probability that the Bonus Scheme will be introduced?

6. Define conditional probability. A box contains 4 Red and 6 White balls. Two are drawn out
from the box at a time. One of them is tested and found to be White. What is the probability
that the other one is also White?

7. Write a short note on :

a) Conditional probability
b) Exhaustive events
c) Additive probability.

UNIT –III

1. (a) Write down any four properties of expectation of random variable.

(b)The return from a certain investment is a random variable with probability
distribution 𝑃(𝑋 = − 1) = 0.7, 𝑃 (𝑋 = 4 ) = 0.2, 𝑃 (𝑋 = 8) = 0.1 Find the
mean and variance
of returns.
2. Establish Chebychev’s inequality.
3. State and establish Chebychev’s inequality.
4. Describe Sampling errors and non-sampling errors.
5. State and establish the properties of moment generating function.
6. If X is a variate with zero mean and cumulants k .Show that the first two cumulants 𝜆𝑟 of 𝑥 2 are given
by 𝜆1 = 𝑘2 and 𝜆2 = 𝑘4 + 2𝑘2 2.
7. If X and Y are two random variables with variance 𝜎𝑥 2 and 𝜎𝑦 2 respectively, find the value of k,
if U = X + kY and V = X 𝜎𝑥 /𝜎𝑦 are uncorrelated.
8. A random variable X has the following probability function
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
p(x) : 0 K 2K 2K 3K 𝐾2 2K 7𝐾 2 + 𝐾
(a) Find K.
(b) Evaluate P(X < 6), P(X ≥ 6) and P(0 < X < 5).
(c) Determine the distribution function of X.
9. Two random variables X and Y have the following probability density function.
2 − 𝑥 − 𝑦; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {{ } Find the correlation coefficient between X and Y
0; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
 UNIT –IV

1. Fit a straight line to the following data using the method of least square and also estimate the
production value for the year 1990.
Year : 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Production : 48 55 63 65 72 84 90 87 82

2. Find out the regression equations form the following data.

x: 27 27 27 28 28 18 29 29 30 31

y: 18 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25

3. Describe rank correlation and obtain the same for the following data
Rank X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Rank Y 1 10 3 4 5 7 2 6 8 11 15 9 14 12 16 13

4. Show that the correlation coefficient is independent of change of origin and scale.
5. Describe the method of fitting exponential curve through the method of least squares.
6. State and establish Chebychev’s inequality.
7. Find the most likely price in Mumbai corresponding to the price of Rs. 70 at Kolkatta from the
following :
Kolkatta Mumbai
Average price 65 67
Standard deviation 2.5 3.5
Correlation coefficient 0.8
8. For the data given below, find the equation to the best fitting exponential curve of the form Y = a 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 .
X:1 2 3 4 5 6
Y : 1.6 4.5 13.8 40.2 125 300

UNIT –V

1. Prove the Poisson distribution as a limiting case of Binomial distribution.

2. Prove that the mean, median and mode coincide for normal distribution.
3. Define normal distribution. State its properties.
4. Explain the importance of normal distribution and state its properties.
5. Define Normal distribution and obtain its moment generating function.
6. Define geometric distribution and state two examples for its occurrence. And also find the
moment generating function and hence find mean and variance.
7. Drive the Normal distribution.