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Aims:
1. Learn the procedures of a correlation analysis and be able to interpret the data and
correctly present the analysis.
2. Learn the procedures of a linear regression and be able to interpret the data and correctly
present the analysis.
Tutorial Exercises
Exercise 11.1: When feeding salmon, feed is added to salmon pens until all visible surface
feeding activity stops. It was suspected that feeding activity of salmon was correlated with wind
speed, as at higher wind speed the water was more turbid and feeding rate of the salmon
declined. Using the data below can you confirm or deny our suspicion. Enter the data in the format
provided. (see pages 5 and 6 for instructions on preliminary analysis and correlation)
Correlation
i) State the null and alternative hypotheses and assume it is a one-tailed test
H0: There is no correlation or between the feeding rate of salmon and the wind speed
(r ≥ 0).
Ha: There is a negative correlation between the feeding rate of salmon and wind speed
(r < 0).
Feed added to
cage Wind speed
N 10 10
Wind speed Pearson Correlation -.834** 1
N 10 10
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Es timate
1 .896a .803 .783 4.6412
a. Predic tors: (Constant), Day Length (hrs )
ANOVA b
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regres sion 876.583 1 876.583 40.694 .000a
Residual 215.406 10 21.541
Total 1091.989 11
a. Predictors: (Constant), Day Length (hrs)
b. Dependent Variable: Growth Rate (day-1)
Coeffi cientsa
Unstandardized St andardiz ed
Coeffic ient s Coeffic ient s
Model B St d. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Const ant) 5.615 2.856 1.966 .078
Day Lengt h (hrs) 1.238 .194 .896 6.379 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Growth Rate (day -1)
i) State the null and alternative hypotheses and assume a two-tailed test.
H0: There is no linear relationship between the phytoplankton growth rates and number
day length hours.
Ha: There is a linear relationship between the phytoplankton growth rates and number
day length hours.
25
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Day length (hrs)
Exercise 11.3. Determine the relationship between the growth rate of prawns (g.day-1) and age
(months). The data are provided below. (see pages 5 and 7 for instruction on preliminary analysis
and regression)
i) Using the output from the regression analysis that you carried out provide a biological
interpretation as well as an appropriate figure below.
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
ANOVAb
Total 12.301 18
Based on the table above, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the
prawn age and growth rate of prawns (F1,17 = 385.2, p<0.001). The growth rate of prawns
increased 0.27 grams per day for every month increase in age. Prawn age explained 96%
of the variation in change in growth rate.
4
Growth rate = 0.27*age + 0.4032
3.5
Growth rates (grams/day)
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Age (Months)
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Preliminary Exploration of Data
Notes:
1. For correlation and linear regression, each row will be a separate replicate. Each replicate
will have at least two pieces of information in at two separate columns; in one column the
independent (x-axis) variable and in the second column dependent (y-axis) data.
Step 1. GraphScatter
Correlations: it does not matter which variable is defined as Y-axis and which is X-
axis
Step 3. Move the variable names across the Y-axis and X-axis box. Then click on OK to
proceed.
Step 1. AnalyzeCorrelateBivariate
Step 2. Move the two variables for which you wish to generate a correlation, and leave all the
other options as they are.
Step 3. Click OK
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Doing a Regression Analysis
Step 1. AnalyzeRegressionLinear
Step 2. Move the correct variables into the Dependent box and into the Independent box.
Look at SPSS resource to see how to interpret the output and which parts of the output are
important.