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JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial

Tutorial – Correlation and linear regression


These exercises, with assistance, is on the SPSS Teaching Resource.
Diaa Saeedi ()

Note: this tutorial is assessed!!!


INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions contained in this document then submit to the
“Assessment 4: Correlation and Regression” drop box on MyLO.
Due date: 11:59pm, Wednesday 3rd October, 2017.

Aims:
1. Learn the procedures of a correlation analysis and be able to interpret the data and
correctly present the analysis.
2. Learn the procedures of a linear regression and be able to interpret the data and correctly
present the analysis.

Tutorial Exercises

Exercise 11.1: When feeding salmon, feed is added to salmon pens until all visible surface
feeding activity stops. It was suspected that feeding activity of salmon was correlated with wind
speed, as at higher wind speed the water was more turbid and feeding rate of the salmon
declined. Using the data below can you confirm or deny our suspicion. Enter the data in the format
provided. (see pages 5 and 6 for instructions on preliminary analysis and correlation)

Feed added to the cage (kg) Wind speed (knots)


310 4
250 7
350 2
200 10
190 15
200 13
310 8
325 7
180 10
140 12

Correlation

i) State the null and alternative hypotheses and assume it is a one-tailed test
H0: There is no correlation or between the feeding rate of salmon and the wind speed
(r ≥ 0).
Ha: There is a negative correlation between the feeding rate of salmon and wind speed
(r < 0).

ii) Why have we used a correlation analysis?


Because we want to analyse the correlation or association between two different
variables
iii) Provide the relevant output tables from SPSS
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Correlations

Feed added to
cage Wind speed

Feed added to cage Pearson Correlation 1 -.834**

Sig. (1-tailed) .001

N 10 10
Wind speed Pearson Correlation -.834** 1

Sig. (1-tailed) .001

N 10 10

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

iv) Provide a biological interpretation and a figure


There was a negative correlation between wind speed and feeding rate of salmon
(r=-0.84, n=10, p=0.001). It was proven that the feeding rate of salmon decrease
while the wind speed increase.
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Exercise 11.2. This exercise, with assistance, is on the Teaching Resource CD. A mussel farm
is testing the relative growth of their live phytoplankton cultures (%.day-1) and the relationship to
day length (hours). The figures and tables below were generated using the experimental data in
SPSS when testing for this relationship.
40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30

Day Length (hrs)

Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square the Es timate
1 .896a .803 .783 4.6412
a. Predic tors: (Constant), Day Length (hrs )

ANOVA b

Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regres sion 876.583 1 876.583 40.694 .000a
Residual 215.406 10 21.541
Total 1091.989 11
a. Predictors: (Constant), Day Length (hrs)
b. Dependent Variable: Growth Rate (day-1)

Coeffi cientsa

Unstandardized St andardiz ed
Coeffic ient s Coeffic ient s
Model B St d. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Const ant) 5.615 2.856 1.966 .078
Day Lengt h (hrs) 1.238 .194 .896 6.379 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Growth Rate (day -1)

i) State the null and alternative hypotheses and assume a two-tailed test.
H0: There is no linear relationship between the phytoplankton growth rates and number
day length hours.
Ha: There is a linear relationship between the phytoplankton growth rates and number
day length hours.

ii) Why have we used a regression analysis?


Because we want to investigate the significance relationship between two different
variables and assess its variance from the regression line.

iii) Provide a biological interpretation and a figure.


There was a significant positive linear relationship between day length and
phytoplankton growth rate (F1,10 =40.69, P<0.001). The growth rate of phytoplankton
increased by 1.24 grams day-1 for every hour increase in day length. Day length
explained 80% of the variation in growth rate of phytoplankton.
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
40
Growth rate = 1.24*Day length + 5.6152
35

Growth rate 9grams/day)


30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Day length (hrs)

Exercise 11.3. Determine the relationship between the growth rate of prawns (g.day-1) and age
(months). The data are provided below. (see pages 5 and 7 for instruction on preliminary analysis
and regression)

Age (months) growth rate (g.day-1)


7 2
5 1.6
6 2.1
2 0.9
8 2.9
1 0.9
4 1.3
1 0.8
3 1.3
7 2.2
4 1.7
4 1.3
5 1.7
10 3.2
8 2.4
6 1.9
11 3.4
9 2.7
1 0.5

i) Using the output from the regression analysis that you carried out provide a biological
interpretation as well as an appropriate figure below.
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
ANOVAb

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1 Regression 11.781 1 11.781 385.196 .000a

Residual .520 17 .031

Total 12.301 18

a. Predictors: (Constant), Age


b. Dependent Variable: Growth rate

Based on the table above, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the
prawn age and growth rate of prawns (F1,17 = 385.2, p<0.001). The growth rate of prawns
increased 0.27 grams per day for every month increase in age. Prawn age explained 96%
of the variation in change in growth rate.
4
Growth rate = 0.27*age + 0.4032
3.5
Growth rates (grams/day)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Age (Months)
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Preliminary Exploration of Data

Notes:
1. For correlation and linear regression, each row will be a separate replicate. Each replicate
will have at least two pieces of information in at two separate columns; in one column the
independent (x-axis) variable and in the second column dependent (y-axis) data.

First do a scatter plot to check that there is a linear correlation or relationship.

Step 1. GraphScatter

Step 2. Choose a Simple graph and click on Define

Correlations: it does not matter which variable is defined as Y-axis and which is X-
axis

Regression: Independent variable should always go on x-axis and dependent


variable on the y-axis.

Step 3. Move the variable names across the Y-axis and X-axis box. Then click on OK to
proceed.

Step 4. Check to see if the scatter of points is linear or curvilinear


JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Doing a Correlation

Step 1. AnalyzeCorrelateBivariate

Step 2. Move the two variables for which you wish to generate a correlation, and leave all the
other options as they are.

Step 3. Click OK
JFA207 / JFA513 Data Analysis and Presentation – Week 11 Tutorial
Doing a Regression Analysis

Step 1. AnalyzeRegressionLinear

Step 2. Move the correct variables into the Dependent box and into the Independent box.

Review your lecture notes if you are unsure which is which.

Step 3. Now click on OK to complete the analysis.

Look at SPSS resource to see how to interpret the output and which parts of the output are
important.

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