A Detailed Lesson Plan

In Teaching Mathematics
November 19, 2018

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, 75% of the students will be able to:
a. define permutation and combination in probability;
b. differentiate between permutation and combination;
c. solve problems involving permutation and combination in a considerable speed and
accuracy.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Permutation and Combination

III. INSTRUCTIONAL MATTERIALS

A. Learner’s Module: Ultimate Learning Guide to Mathematics
B. Internet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFwf7du_qpA
https://www.mathsisfun.com/combinatorics/combinations-permutations.html
C. Materials: Visual Aids, marker

IV. METHODS
A. 4 A’s
B. Discovery Method

V. STRATEGY
A. Group Activity
B. Individual Activity

VI. VALUES INTEGRATION

A. Cooperation
B. Patience

VII. PROCEDURE

TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY

A. Preparatory Activity A. Preparatory Activity

1. Prayer and Greetings 1. Prayer and greetings

Good morning Class! Good morning Sir.
Okay, let us stand for a prayer. Student A, please led (All students will stand and Student A will lead the
the prayer. prayer)
 TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY
2. Cleaning 2. Cleaning
Class before you sit, please pick up some pieces of Students will pick up some pieces of papers
papers and trash then arrange your chairs. and trash, arrange the chairs.

3. Checking of Attendance 3. Checking of Attendance

Okay for your attendance, kindly affix your Students will sign the attendance sheet.
signature in the attendance sheet.

4. House Rules 4. House Rules

But before we proceed to our discussion, let me
remind you first, our house rules.
S-sit properly (the students will listen to the house rules given)
M-minimize your voice
A-actively participate
R-respect your teacher
T-talked only when your name is called
Class, did you get it? Yes, sir.

B. Priming B. Priming
1. Review 1. Review
What was your previous discussion in
mathematics? (Answer in Chorus)

Okay thank you.

C. Lesson Proper C. Lesson Proper

1. Activity 1. Activity
Now class, let us have an activity. Prepare a ¼
sheet of paper. This activity is good for 4minutes. To
answer the following, one way to solve is to list all
possibilities that is being ask in the problem. Did you Yes, Sir.
get?

1. If you want to make a three-letter password Answer: There are 24 three-letter passwords can
in your cellphone and there are only four be made.
letters available, letters A, B, C, and D. If no
letter can be repeated, how many three-
letter passwords can you make?

2. For a fruit salad, how many different Answer: {apple, banana}, {apple, cherry}, or
combinations of 2 ingredients can you make {banana, cherry}
with apple, banana and cherry?
 TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY

5. Analysis 2. Analysis
Based from our activity, what do you think is our (Varied answers from the students)
topic for today?

Okay, today we will discuss about Counting

methods for computing probabilities which are
permutation and combination.

Now, let us go back to the questions in our activity.

Q1. If you want to make a three-letter password in
your cellphone and there are only four letters
available, letters A, B, C, and D. If no letter can be
repeated, how many three-letter passwords can you
make?

Q2. For a fruit salad, how many different

combinations of 2 ingredients can you make with
apple, banana and cherry?

How did you answer the questions? (Varied answer)

Okay, Student E. Well, based from what you have said that we
should list all the possibilities.
Yes, thank you student E.
But it is hard for you to answer the questions
especially if you are listing all possibilities. What if the
problem is asking for a bigger number? So, it is time
consuming. That’s why mathematicians developed
the permutation and combination.

Okay student F, please read.

Permutation is an arrangement of items in a (Student F will read)
particular order. Permutation is an arrangement of items in a
particular order.
Thank you, student F.
So, meaning to say that the ORDER of items MATTERS
or important! When we say permutation to
ARRANGE.
To find the number of permutations of n items
𝑛!
chosen/ taken r at a time is denoted by 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!.
𝑛≥𝑟≥0
Where n= number to choose from
r= represents the items chosen from
!= indicates factorial process
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Let’s have an example;

𝑛!
1. n=5, r= 3 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!.
5! 5! 5.4.3.2
5𝑃3 = (5−3)! = = = 5.4.3 = 60 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠.
2! 2
2. If you want to make a three-letter password
in your cellphone and there are only four
letters available, letters A, B, C, and D. If no
letter can be repeated, how many three-
letter passwords can you make?
What is our n and r? Okay student A. The value of n is 4 and our r is 3.
𝑛!
n=4, r=3 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!.
4! 4!
4𝑃3 = (4−3)! = 1! = 4.3.2 = 24 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠.

Class, do you have any questions? None, sir.

Okay, very good.

Now, let us move on to the next counting methods

for computing probabilities which is Combination.
Everybody please read. (Everyone will read)

Combination is an arrangement of items in which Combination is an arrangement of items in which

order does not matter order does not matter.

To find the number of combinations of n items

chosen/ taken r at a time is denoted by
𝑛!
𝑛𝐶𝑟 = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!.
𝑛≥𝑟≥0
Where n= number to choose from
r= represents the items chosen from
!= indicates factorial process
When we say Combination, to select.
Let us have an example;
1. For a fruit salad, how many different
combinations of 2 ingredients can you make
with apple, banana and cherry?
Given: n=3, r=2
𝑛!
Sol’n. 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = .
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
3! 3.2
3𝐶2 = 2!(3−2)!
= 2 = 3 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠.
2. A student must answer 3 out of 5 easy
questions on a test. In how many different
ways can the student select the questions?
 TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS ACTIVITY

What is the value of n and r?

Okay, student J. Based on the problem, the value of n is 5 and value
of r is 3.
Very good, thank you.

Since we have already the value of n which is 5 and r Given: n=5, r=3
is 3. Who can Solve it on the board? 𝑛!
Sol’n. 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = .
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
Okay, student N. 5! 5.4.3.2
5𝐶3 = = = 5.2 = 10 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠.
3!(5−3)! 3!2!

Okay, that is correct. Thank you, student N. None, sir.

Any questions? Point clarification?

3. Abstraction
What is the importance of permutation and
combination in our daily life?

Let us hear from Student L. Permutation and combination are both ways to
count the possibilities that may happen in our
daily life.
Yes, exactly. thank you.
So again, what is the formula for permutation and
for combination?
Ok, student B. The formula in solving permutation is given by
𝑛!
𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!
While the formula in solving combination is given
𝑛!
by 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = .
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
Where n= number to choose from
r= represents the items chosen from
!= indicates factorial process
Very well said. Thank you, student.
Again, what is the difference between permutation
and combination?
Yes, Student C. We should remember that permutation is to
arrange and the order is important while
combination is to select and the order is not
important.
Very good. Thank you, student C.
Do you have any questions? Point of clarification?
Violent reaction?
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4. Application 5. Application
Let us have an activity entitled “count on me”.
#10 (Student who is #10 will answer on the board)
𝑛!
1. In how many ways can a coach choose two 1. 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = , n=6, r=2
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
swimmers from among 6 swimmers? 6! 6.5.4.3.2.1
6𝐶2 = = = 3.5 = 15 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒.
2! (6 − 2)! 2.1.4.3.2.1

#5 2. 𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
𝑛!
, n=4, r=2
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
2. How many committees of three can be 4! 4.3.2.1
4𝐶2 = = = 2.3
selected from four people? 2! (4 − 2)! 2.1.2.1
= 6 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

#12 𝑛!
3. 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)! , 𝑛 = 9, 𝑟 = 3
3. In how many ways can 9 horses place 1st , 2nd 9! 9.8.7.6
9𝑃3 = (9−3)! = = 504 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
or 3rd in a race? 6

#18 𝑛! 12! 12.11.10

4. 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)! → 12𝑃2 = (12−2)! = = 12.11 = 132 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
4. 12𝑃2 = ____________ 10

#15 𝑛!
5. Four people need to be selected from a class 5. 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = , 𝑛 = 15, 𝑟 = 4
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
15! 15.14.13.12.11 15.14.13.12
of 15 to help clean up the campus. How 15𝐶4 = = = = 5.7.13.3
4! (15 − 4)! 4.3.2.1.11! 4.3.2.1
many different ways can the 4 people be = 1,365 different ways
chosen?

VIII. EVALUATION
Let us have another activity but before that find
a partner first. Then sit beside your partner. Are you
now with your partner? Yes sir.
This activity is good for 5 minutes. Determine
whether the problem is permutation or combination
and then solve the problem.
Your time starts now.
1. Six friends want to play enough games of
chess to be sure everyone plays everyone
else. How many games will they have to play?
2. Nathan wants to order a sandwich with two
of the following ingredients: Mushroom,
eggplant, tomato and avocado. How many
different sandwiches can Nathan choose?
3. In how many ways can four alphabets are to
be chosen from A, B, C, D and E such that
repetition is not allowed?
4. How many ways are there to select 2
students from 9 officers to represent their
organization?
Okay, Stop. Pass all your papers in front. (students will pass their papers)
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IX. AGREEMENT
Okay class, study in advance about probability and
its properties.

Am I clear? Yes, Sir.

Okay, that would be all for today. Goodbye class. Goodbye and thank you, sir.

PREPARED BY:

ROQUI M. GONZAGA