Chap08 and Internet

02/10/2018
Outline
BUSINESS DATA
COMMUNICATIONS & • Components
NETWORKING • Architectures
– Switched Backbone Networks
– Routed Backbone Networks
Chapter 8 – Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Backbone Networks • Best Practices
• Implications for Management
FitzGerald ● Dennis ● Durcikova

Prepared by Taylor M. Wells: College of Business Administration, California State University, Sacramento 8-1 8-2
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Backbone Networks Backbone Network Components
• High-speed network that connects other networks • Network cables (often fiber for higher data rates)
together (LANs, WANs) • Switches
• Distribution layer BNs connect access LANs – Layer-2 switches are “transparent” devices that do
• Core layer BNs connect different buildings not change messages, only read and forward them
(see Ch. 7)
• Managed switches have configuration options
and management features
– e.g., spanning tree protocol (STP) or SNMP
– Layer-3 switches or VLAN switches are a devices
combine the features of Layer-2 switches and routers,
primarily for virtual LANs
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Backbone Network Components Backbone Network Layers
• Routers • Separate from the layers of the Internet or OSI models,

– Network layer devices that connect different sections of backbone networks are referred to as three
networks different hierarchical layers
– TCP/IP gateways 1. Access layer - How users access network (LAN,
– Not “transparent” devices WLAN)
• Messages are passed up to the network layer 2. Distribution layer - BN that connects access layer to
including stripping off data link layer frames core layer (within building)
• Routers respond to ARP (and other messages) 3. Core layer - Connects BNs between buildings and to
– Address Request Protocol WAN/Internet
– Read IP addresses and determine best route
– Routing requires more processing than switches
8-5 8-6
Backbone Network Architectures

Network Architecture Components
• Three major types of BNs are based on the devices used
1. Switched backbones
2. Routed backbones
3. Virtual LANs
• In practice, it is most common to use a combination of

these architectures
Note: the physical design (or logical design) does not

change the type of BN Architecture
– Linear, ring, hierarchical
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Switched Backbone Networks
• Most common type of BN used in the distribution layer

• Uses layer-2 switches
• Switches come in different form factors
– Desktop
– Rack-mounted
– Chassis
• Star topology
• Physical location of devices
– More common to locate centrally in main distribution
facility (MDF) or other wiring closets
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Switched Backbone Networks Switched Backbone Networks
Patch Panels
Patch Cables
Chassis Switch
(4 - 100Base-T ports)
Switches
(24 port, 100Base-T)
Backbone
Connection
(1000 Base-F)
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Switched Backbone Networks Routed Backbone Networks
• Sometimes called subnetted backbones or hierarchical

backbones
• Typically used at core layer, but sometimes at distribution
layer
• Advantages
– LAN segmentation
• Disadvantages
– Tend to be slower
– More expensive
– Harder to manage
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Best Practices
• Architecture
– Switched has best cost to performance ratio at the
distribution layer
– Most organizations use routed at the core layer
– VLANs are becoming more widely used, especially for
organizations needing the flexibility
• Technologies
– Gigabit Ethernet for distribution layer
– Gigabit Ethernet or faster for core layer
– Redundant devices and connections
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Best Practices
Mini case
Hospitality Hotel is a luxury hotel whose quests are mostly
business travellers. To improve its quality of service, it has
decided to install network connections in each of its 600
guest rooms and 12 conference meeting rooms.
Last year, the hotel upgraded its own internal networks to
switched 100Base-T.
Management will wants to keep the public network (i.e. the
guests and meeting rooms) separate from its private (i.e. its
own computer systems).
Your task is to design the public network and decide how to
connect the two networks together. Be sure to include a
diagram.
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Improving Backbone Performance Implications for Management
• Devices • Cost and necessity of upgrading BNs will grow as demand

• Circuits increases
• Demand • VLAN backbones provide flexibility and are becoming
increasingly popular
• As with LANs, Ethernet is now the predominant protocol
in BNs
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Mini case The Internet

 Architecture
Hospitality Hotel is a luxury hotel whose quests are mostly  Topology – Interconnectivity of networks
business travellers. To improve its quality of service, it has  Infrastructure
decided to install network connections in each of its 600  IXPs
guest rooms and 12 conference meeting rooms.  Backbones
Last year, the hotel upgraded its own internal networks to  10Gbps – 160Gbps (SONET Services)
switched 100Base-T.  Router, bridges, gateways, repeaters
 Routing
Management will wants to keep the public network (i.e. the
 Routing tables
guests and meeting rooms) separate from its private (i.e. its
 Protocols
own computer systems).
 Service providers
Your task is to design the public network and decide how to  Networks
connect the two networks together. Be sure to include a  Tiers
diagram.  ISPs
 POP
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Configuration Internet access technologies
 Addressing  Last mile –Broadband

 DNS  DSL / ADSL (FDM, TDM)
 Domains  Cable Modem (Data over Cable Interface
 URL Specification
 IPs  3G/4G/5G?
 Routing  Fiber to the home (FTTH) – ONU, WDM
 WiMax
 DHCP
 Proxy
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Business Use Governance

 Internet Society
 Web – Public Policy
 Severs – Education
 Contents – Standards
 E-Commence  To ensure the open development, evolution and use of
 Markets the internet for the benefit of all people throughout the
 Supply Chain world!
 Advertising
 Market Research  Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
 Customer Service  Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
 Social Media  Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
 Communications
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Security Prevention & Recovery
 Threats & Impact  Firewalls

 Disruptions  Antivirus
– Confidentiality  Proxies
– Integrity  Encryption
– Availability  Access control
– Physical & User authentication
 Controls  Disaster Recovery Plan/Program
 Preventive  Business Continuity Plan
 Detective
 Corrective
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02/10/2018

FitzGerald ● Dennis ● Durcikova

Backbone Networks Backbone Network Components

Backbone Network Components Backbone Network Layers

• Routers • Separate from the layers of the Internet or OSI models,

Backbone Network Architectures

• In practice, it is most common to use a combination of

Note: the physical design (or logical design) does not

Switched Backbone Networks

• Most common type of BN used in the distribution layer

Switched Backbone Networks Switched Backbone Networks

Switched Backbone Networks Routed Backbone Networks

• Sometimes called subnetted backbones or hierarchical

Improving Backbone Performance Implications for Management

• Devices • Cost and necessity of upgrading BNs will grow as demand

Mini case The Internet

Configuration Internet access technologies

 Addressing  Last mile –Broadband

Business Use Governance

Security Prevention & Recovery

 Threats & Impact  Firewalls

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