Pipe Design and Production

Marine Piping Systems

Ship Piping Systems

Bilge System

Bilge System
 Bilge System

• Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage

to all dry spaces and at the same time prevent
water from entering the spaces through this
system.
• Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces is
to comply with MARPOL Annex 1
• Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator
before being allowed to be discharged.
• Discharge water must be monitored with purity
not to exceed ppm set by MARPOL.
 Bilge System
Bilge main diameter, dm
d m = 1.68 × L × ( B + D ) + 25 (mm)

L = length of ship
B = Breadth
D = Depth

Branch bilge main diameter, db

d b = 2.15 × l × ( B + D ) + 25 (mm)

l = length of compartment
 Bilge System
Bilge pump capacity, Q
2
dm
Q = 5.75 × 3 (m3/h)
10

• Two bilge pumps are required

• Suctions are arranged such that water can be
pumped out when ship is inclined 5°
• Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass
from sea or ballast system into dry spaces through
the bilge system
Oily-water Separator
 Ballast System

Ballast System
 Ballast System
• For safe operation, at least two ballast pumps are
to be connected to ballast tanks.
• Stripping eductor can also be used for emptying
the bilges in cargo holds with 2 non-return valves
between hold and system
• Ship side valve material must not of grey cast iron
and to direct mechanical manual operate
 Air and Sounding Systems
Purposes
• to secure ventilation of tanks, cofferdam and
tunnels to prevent over-pressurizing and vacuum
(air pipes)
• to ascertain the level of liquid in tanks, cofferdam
and tunnels (Sounding pipes)
• Vent pipes need to prevent flooding of spaces
through their upper ends
• Vent pipes need to safely prevent flammable
liquids or vapours due to their fire hazards
 Air and Sounding Systems
Machinery Spaces
• Heavy fuel oil overflow tank has short self-closing
type sounding pipe
• HFO overflow tank air pipe is led to open deck as
required.
• Lubricating oil sump tank air pipe may end inside
machinery space but away from ignition sources
 Air and Sounding Systems
Machinery Spaces
• Air or overflow pipes internal are are normally
required to be 1.25 times the area of respective
filling pipes for a tank.
• Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s
when using one pump for one tank.
Air and Sounding Systems
Air and Sounding Systems
 Fire-Fighting Systems
Fire-fighting System
 Fire-Fighting Systems

Three groups:
• Fire Main
– Seawater as fire extinguishing medium
– At least two fire pumps and are located in two different
compartments
– An international shore connection is provided at port
and starboard for external water supply
– System is tested with at least streams of water directed
from one fire pump.
– Pressure relief valve is fitted to mains to protect sudden
over-pressure.
 Fire-Fighting Systems

Three groups:
• Carbon Dioxide system
– Dry fire protection
– Used in compartments that have potential for fire:
engine room, emergency generator room, paint locker
and galley hood
– System is equipped with audio and visual alarm to alert
personnel to evacuate
– Prior to CO2 release, ventilation fans and fire damper to
be shut.
 Fire-Fighting Systems

Three groups:
• Sprinkle system
– Wet fire protection mainly for accommodation area
– System is filled with fresh water and pressurized by
compressed air
– Subsequently, water is supplied from fire main
– Sprinkle and fire main systems are separated by an
alarm check valve.
– When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the fire
main fire pressure, the fire main pressure will overcome
the internal pressure of the valve lift and automatically
push open to accommodate the fire main.
 Fuel Oil Systems

Main concerns
• Fire hazards
– Flash point
– Insulation
– Remote control of fuel oil valves
– Stopping of pumps
– Collection of drains from leaks
• Materials
– Fuel oil pipes and their valves and fittings is required to
be of steel or other fire-resistance materials
FO Storage and Transfer

FO Storage and Transfer

 FO Storage and Transfer

Important concerns
• Overflow pipes
• Quick-closing valves
• Drain to waste oil tanks (spill trays)
• Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for sounding
• Remote control of fuel oil valves
• Insulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks
(possibly in a spray form) is possible
HFO Settling Tank
HFO Service Tank
Quick-closing Valves
 FO Supply to Engine

FO System
 FO Supply to Engine

Main components
• Storage (bunkers)
• Transfer pump
• Settling tank
• Heater
• Purifier
• Service tank
• Filter
• Viscosity controller
• Return Tank (10 to 15 minutes engine operation)
HFO Duplex Filter
HFO Transfer Pump
HFO Heater
HFO Separator
HFO Separation System
Diesel Fuel Separation System
Diesel Fuel Separation System
Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer
 Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer

Main components
• Filling from deck to tanks
• Main LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tank
• Quick-closing valves operable from outside ER
where valves are below top of tanks (not
applicable for small tanks below 0.5 m3)
• Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their
openings do not constitute a fire hazard
• Duplex filters (or self-cleaning) are used without
interrupting operations
Lubricating Oil Circulation System
Lubricating Oil Service Tank
Lubricating Oil Pump
Lubricating Oil Filter – Self-cleaning
Lubricating Oil Filter – Self-cleaning
Lubricating Oil System - Thermostatic Valve
Shell-and-Tube LO Cooler
Lubricating Oil Purifier
Lubricating Oil Purifier
Seawater Cooling System
 Seawater Cooling System

Arrangement
• Conventional and Central cooling
• High and low sea chests
• Suctions are arranged from two sea inlets
preferably on the opposite sides of the ships
• Filters can be cleaned without interrupting the
water supply in the system.
• Temperature controlled three-way valves to re-
circulate water when the water is cold
Seawater Cooling System
Overboard Discharge
 Freshwater Cooling System
Freshwater Cooling System
 Freshwater Cooling System

Arrangement
• Freshwater from engine is delivered to freshwater
generator (evaporator)
• Pressure in the system is regulated by he
expansion tank
• Temperature-controlled three-way valves to allow
re-circulation
• High-temperature circuit (jacket cooler), low-
temperature circuit (lubricating oil)
Freshwater Generator (Evaporator)
Freshwater Cooler (Plate-type)
Jacket Water Pump
Freshwater Header Tank
Compressed Air System
 Compressed Air System

• Normally three systems

– Starting air
– Service air
– Control air
• Require two main compressors to charge two air
receivers from atmospheric within one hour
• Capacity of receivers sufficient to produce:
– 12 starts for reversible engines
– 6 starts for non-reversible engines
– 3 starts for auxiliary engines
 Compressed Air System

• No connections to other machinery between air

compressors and main air receivers
• Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or
power supplied from emergency generator
• Pressure reduction stations and filters are required
to be duplicates
• Safety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set at
10% above operating pressure
• Compressed air line is classes as Class II due to
high pressure.
Air Compressors
Air Receivers
Auxiliary Air
Receiver
Emergency Air Receiver
Control Air Dryer (Refrigerant-type)
Pressure-reducing Station
 Domestic Water System
Domestic
Water
System
 Domestic Water System

• Freshwater is made by Freshwater generator

(evaporator)
• Delivery of water to accommodation from
hydrophore units is by compressed air
• Domestic water is sterilized before consumption
• Domestic water is heated and then circulated (by
hot-water circulating pumps)
• Domestic water is also used by HFO, DO and LO
separators
Hydrophore
unit
Domestic Water Heater
Power Generating System
Generator System
Diesel
Generator
System
Steam System

Steam
System
 Steam System

• Normally divided into:

– Feed water systems
– Steam supply
• For heating tanks
• For heating pipelines
• To heat exchangers
– Condensate
• Heat of exhaust gas is recovered in economizer to
generate steam
• Diesel propulsion system is normally fitted with
an auxiliary boiler
 Steam System

• Steam with pressure above 7 bar or temperature

above 170°C are considered Class II piping.
• Steam with pressure above 16 bar or temperature
above 300°C is of Class I piping.
• With respect to materials for valves and fittings in
Class II piping system, grey cast iron may not be
used up to ND 200, pressure up to 13 bar and
temperature up to 250°C
Auxiliary Boiler
Cargo Pump Turbine and Condenser