Main Examination period 2018 [SAMPLE]

MTH4101 / MTH4201: Calculus II [SOLUTIONS]

Duration: 2 hours

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until instructed to do so by an invigilator.

You should attempt ALL questions. Marks available are shown next to the ques-
tions.

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constitutes an examination offence.

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Examiners: R. J. Harris, J. Ward

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 Page 2 MTH4101 / MTH4201 (2018 [SAMPLE])

Answers only are given for Question 1 with an indication of the expected partial marks;
full solutions are given for other questions. Note some questions are modified versions of
exercises found in the compulsory module textbook, Thomas’ Calculus (Thirteenth Edition),
as also used for online coursework via the MyMathLab system.

Question 1.
(a) [Similar to exercise in textbook]
3 1
a1 = 0, 2 a2 = , 1 a3 = . 1
4 3
The sequence converges. 1
(b) [Similar to coursework]
∞  
2 2
∑ n2 (n + 1)2 = 2.
− 4 [“telescoping” terms 1 ]
n =1

(c) [Similar to coursework]

ex sin y
lim = 1. 4 ( 1 for realising limit exists)
( x,y)→(0,0) y

(d) [Similar to coursework]

f x = ln( xy) + 1 − y sin x, 3
1
f xy = − sin x. 2
y

(e) [Similar to coursework]

The critical point is (2, 0). 5
(f) [Similar to MyMathLab coursework]
y
(4, 2)
2 111111111111111
000000000000000
000000000000000
111111111111111
Z 4Z 2

000000000000000
111111111111111 3 2xy dy dx = 24. 2
1 111111111111111
000000000000000 (4, 1)
0 1

0 4 x

(g) [Similar to example in lectures]

Z 9 Z √y Z 3 Z 3x
dx dy = dy dx. 5
0 y/3 0 x2

(h) [Similar to example in lectures]

Z 1Z 2Z 2
(2x + 3y2 − 8z3 ) dx dy dz = 16. 5
0 0 0

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 MTH4101 / MTH4201 (2018 [SAMPLE]) Page 3

Question 2.
(a) [(i) Similar to example in lectures; (ii) Essentially unseen]
(i) We have
1 −2 8 −48
f ( x) = , f ′ ( x) = , f ′′ ( x) = f ′′′ ( x) = , 3
1 + 2x (1 + 2x)2 (1 + 2x)3 (1 + 2x)4
and so
f (0) = 1, f ′ (0) = −2, f ′′ (0) = 8, f ′′′ (0) = −48.
Hence we find the Maclaurin series (Taylor series about x = 0):
f ′′ (0) 2 f ′′′ (0) 3 f ( n ) ( 0) n
f ( 0) + f ′ ( 0) x + x + x +...+ x +...
2! 3! n!
= 1 − 2x + 4x2 − 8x3 + . . . + (−2x)n + . . . . 4

This is a geometric series with ratio −2x so it converges to f ( x) for | x| < 1/2. 1
(ii) Noting that Z x
1
ln(1 + 2x) = 2 dt, 2
0 1 + 2t
we can integrate the result from (a) term-by-term to get
 
4
ln(1 + 2x) = 2 x − x2 + x3 − 2x4 + . . .
3
(2x)2 (2x)3 (2x)4
= (2x) − + − +...
2 3 4
∞
(−1)n−1 (2x)n
= ∑ . 2
n =1 n
This converges for −1/2 < x ≤ 1/2. [Not explicitly required here; convergence at
x = 1/2 doesn’t follow from integration.]
(b) [Generalization of coursework which covered p = 2 case]
For k ≥ 3 we have a series of positive terms ak = 1/[k(ln k) p ]; for p ≥ 0,
f ( x) = 1/[ x(ln x) p ] is obviously a continuous, positive, decreasing function of x for all
x ≥ 3 so the conditions of the test are satisfied. [Question explicitly asks to use Integral
Test so no penalty if these conditions are simply assumed.] Now,
Z ∞ Z ∞
1 1
dx = du [substituting u = ln x] 2
3 x(ln x) p up
ln 3
 1− p  b
u
= lim [for p 6= 1] 2
b →∞ 1 − p ln 3
 1− p
(ln 3)1− p

b
= lim − .
b→∞ 1 − p 1− p

The improper integral converges for p > 1 and diverges for p < 1 1 . For p = 1 we have
Z ∞ Z ∞
1 1 b
dx = du = lim [ln u]ln 3 = lim (ln b − ln (ln 3)) 1
3 x(ln x) ln 3 u b→∞ b→∞

which diverges 1 . Hence, by the integral test the original series converges for p > 1
and diverges for p ≤ 1. 1 [Treating the p < 0 case explicitly is not required.]

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Question 3.

(a) [Similar to coursework]

We have
dg ∂g dx ∂g dy
= + 3
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt
= (ey cos x)(1) + (ey sin x)(− sin t) 4
cos t cos t
= (e cos t)(1) + (e sin t)(− sin t) 1
cos t 2
=e (cos t − sin t) 1

(b) [Similar to coursework]

From (a),
gx = ey cos x, gy = ey sin x,
so
∇ g| (0,1) = gx (0, 1)i + gy (0, 1)j 2
= ei + 0j. 2
Hence the required directional derivative is

( Dv g)|(0,1) = ∇ g|(0,1) ·v 1
 
1 1
= (ei + 0j)· √ i + √ j
2 2
e
= √ . 1
2

(c) [Bookwork]
The derivative of f at P0 ( x0 , y0 ) in the direction of the unit vector u = u1 i + u2 j is the
number
f ( x0 + su1 , y0 + su2 ) − f ( x0 , y0 )
lim 1
s →0 s
provided the limit exists. 1
(d) [Similar to coursework but hard]
With x0 = 0, y0 = 1, the directional derivative can be calculated as the limit
g( x0 + sw1 , y0 + sw2 ) − g( x0 , y0 )
( Dw g)|(0,1) = lim
s →0 s
√ √
g(s/ 2, 1 − s/ 2) − g(0, 1)
= lim 1
s →0 s
√ √
e1−s/ 2 sin(s/ 2) − 0
= lim 1
s →0 s
√ 1−s/√2 √ √ √ √
(−1/ 2)e sin(s/ 2) + (1/ 2)e1−s/ 2 cos(s/ 2)
= lim [using l’Hôpital]
s →0 1
e
=√ . 1
2
[Alternatively, substitute in the known series for ex and sin x.]

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 MTH4101 / MTH4201 (2018 [SAMPLE]) Page 5

Question 4.
(a) [(i) Standard bookwork, (ii) Hinted at in lectures]
(i) We have
 
∂( x, y) ∂x/∂r ∂x/∂θ 
=  2
∂(r, θ ) ∂y/∂r ∂y/∂θ 
 
cos θ −r sin θ 
=  2
sin θ r cos θ 
= r cos2 θ + r sin2 θ 1
= r.
(ii) The inverse transformation is
y
q
r = x 2 + y2 , θ = tan−1 2
x
and
∂(r, θ ) 1
=
∂( x, y) ∂( x, y)/∂(r, θ )
1
=
r
1
= p . 2
x + y2
2

(b) [(i) Similar to coursework, (ii) Unseen]

(i) If R denotes the disc x2 + y2 ≤ 1 then switching to polar coordinates and

integrating gives
Z 2π Z 1
1 1
ZZ
dx dy = r dr dθ 3
R 4 − x 2 − y2 0 0 4−r
2
Z 2π Z 1
r
= dθ × dr
0 0 4 − r2
 1
 2π 1 2
= θ 0 × − ln(4 − r ) 3
2
 0
1 1
= 2π × − ln 3 + ln 4 1
2 2
= π ln(4/3). 1
(ii) If R′ is the disc x2 + y2 ≤ 4 we now have
Z 2π Z 2
1 1
ZZ
dx dy = r dr dθ
R′ 4 − x 2 − y2 0 0 4−r
2
 a
 2π 1 2
= θ 0 × lim− − ln(4 − r )
a →2 2 0
 
1 2 1
= 2π × lim− − ln(4 − a ) + ln 4
a →2 2 2
= 2π × ∞ 2

so the integral does not exist. 1

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End of Paper.

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