Name of Student Teacher’s Name Augustine Tan

Subject SCIENCE Class F1

Topic REVISION Lesson No REVISION
(CHAPTER 7) Date 11 OCT 2016
Day / Time 2000-2200

Chapter 7: Heat

7.1: Heat as a Form of Energy

1. Heat is
a. a form of energy
b. flows from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature
c. can cause things to become hot
d. can travel through solid, liquid, gas and even vacuum
e. measured in joules (J)
2. Heat can cause a body to expand, experience a rise in temperature or undergo a
change of state.
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 3. Sources of heat:
a. The Sun is a source of heat.
b. The flame of a match gives out heat.
c. Heat is given out when an electric current flows through a wire.
d. Heat can be produced by rubbing our hands together.
4. Uses of heat in daily life:
a. For cooking
b. For drying of clothes
c. To keep us warm
d. For melting metals
e. For incubating eggs
f. For ironing clothes
5. Although related, heat and temperature are not the same.
6. Heat is a form of energy and temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness
of an object.

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 7. Factors that affect the quantity of heat an object can contain are:
a. the type of material
b. the mass of the object
c. its temperature

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 Suhu Aspek Haba
Temperature Aspect Heat

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7.2: Heat Flow and Its Effects

1. Heat energy absorbed by a substance usually makes the molecules of the

substance move faster and further apart. When this happens, the molecules take up
more space. So, most substances expand when heated.
2. When cooled, the substances lose heat. This makes the molecules move closer to one
another. When this happens, the molecules take up less space. So, most
substances contract when cooled.

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 3. The effects of expansion and contraction on volume and density:
a. When a substance is heated, it expands and its volume
increases.
b. However, the mass of the substance still remains the
same and the mass per unit volume of the substance
decreases. Density decreases on expansion.
c. The hot air balloon rises when the air inside it is heated
up. This is because the density of the air in the
balloon decreases when its volume increases.
d. When a substance is cooled, it contracts and its volume
decreases while its density increases.
4. Heat can be transferred from a place with a high temperature to a place with a low
temperature in three ways:
a. Conduction
i. Conduction is a process of heat transfer by the vibrating
particles through a solid.
ii. Conduction cannot take place in a vacuum.

b. Convection
i. Convection is the movement of heat through fluids from a point of
higher temperature to a point of lower temperature.
ii. Convection involves the movement of the molecules of the fluids
(liquid and gases).
iii. Convection cannot take place in a vacuum.

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 c. Radiation
i. Radiation is the transmission of heat that does not require any medium.
It can take place in a vacuum.
ii. Heat is transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves.

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 5. Examples of heat flow in natural phenomena
a. Sea breeze
i. A sea breeze blows in the day.
ii. During the day, the land becomes
much hotter than the sea because the
land is a better conductor of heat.
iii. Hot air above the land rises and the
cooler air from the sea moves in to
take its place.
iv. This brings about a sea breeze.
b. Land breeze
i. A land breeze blows at night.
ii. At night, the land becomes colder
than the sea.
iii. Hot air from the sea rises and cold air
from the land moves in to take its
place.
iv. This brings about a land breeze.

6. Substances that conduct heat rapidly are called conductors.

7. Substances that conduct heat slowly or do not conduct heat at all are
called insulators.
8. Among the materials in Figure 7.13, the best heat insulator is air and the best
heat conductor is silver.

9. Metals are good conductors of heat while non-metals are good insulators of heat.
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 10. A metal spoon feels cold to touch because metal is a good conductor of heat.
11. Eskimos live in igloos made of ice because ice is a good insulator of heat.
12. Sawdust is often use to cover ice blocks because it is a good insulator of heat.

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7.3: Effects of Heat on Matter

1. Changes of state is the changing of one state of matter to another physically.

2. Heat causes a body to undergo a physical change of state in the following processes:

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 3. Changes in the state of matter in everyday life.
a. Ice melts at room temperature. (Solid → liquid)
b. Water boils and changes into steam when heated. (Liquid → gas)
c. Water freezes when it is kept in the freezer. (Liquid → solid)
d. Clouds are formed when water vapour condenses. (Gas → liquid)
e. Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation. (Liquid → solid)
f. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes at room temperature. (Solid → gas)

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7.4: Applying the Principles of Expansion and Contraction of Matter

1. Mercury in a thermometer

a. Mercury is a good heat conductor.

b. Mercury expands evenly when heated and contracts evenly when cooled.

2. Bimetallic strip in a fire alarm

a. The operation of the fire alarm is based on the expansion and contraction of
matter.

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 3. Gaps in railway tracks and bridges

a. Small gaps are left between the rails to allow for expansion of the rails on
a hot day.
b. One end of the bridge is fixed while the other end rests on rollers to allow the
bridge to expand in hot weather.

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7.5: Absorbing and Giving Out Heat

1. All materials can absorb and give out heat.

2. The ability of a solid to absorb and give out heat depends on:
a. the temperature of the environment
i. If an object has a higher temperature than its environment, the object
will give out heat to the environment.
ii. If an object has a lower temperature than its environment, the object
will absorb heat from the environment.
b. the nature of the surface
i. Dark and dull objects absorb heat better than bright and shiny objects.
ii. Dark and dull objects give out heat better than bright and shiny
objects.
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 3. In the tropics, white clothes are often preferred because a white surface is a poor
absorber of heat.
4. The car radiator is painted black so that it can give out heat faster.

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7.6: The Benefits of Heat Flow

1. The knowledge of heat flow assists us with comfortable living.

a. We open the windows and the doors of our house to improve air ventilation.
b. Houses are often painted white to reduce the absorption of heat from the Sun.
c. In the tropics, white clothes are often preferred because a white surface is a
poor absorber of heat.
d. We use good conductors for our cooking utensils and good insulators for
handling hot items.
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 2. The vacuum flask keeps its contents hot or cold by reducing heat transfer by
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
3. Vacuum is the worst conductor.
4. Silvery and highly polished surfaces are the worst for absorbing and releasing heat.

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