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norms) driol~~Anni6an"u
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u 6 ~ ~ n i s i n ~ i a n i u(status
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u ~~aziliud~o~nis
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S l l J ~"~IP~u~LuuTIIJ~R~~"
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(social disorganization) n i ~ t o r u u ~ i d b f i s ~(Economics

~fio disorganization) n i n i u
~ ~ u ~ l n i d i 1 u(Power
i-a disorganization) b$u n i s ~ ~ ~ s : ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ i d n i ~ b dis-
(Political ~od
organization) nis~tus:uu~i(uan'u~~~~anGouuamiwuin~~~~u"111Glu~d"~o~uaniazv
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s i f i ~ d ui i t b u o i n i n ~ b~ l u d kusniaznitainis ua:wu:ua
dou bil~G0.b
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PC( u
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(ritualism)
ua:hiubanvi%ddgan (rebellion) (gnuazdunlu Ward n'uwan 1994 ~ $ 1 2 6 h ~ 8 ~
P OQ

Merton, 1938)
0,

w q i n ~ u ~ d u t r u uqh ~ilufiwqAnssuC(~0ubnw
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n o j l t o u ~ n i i o u n u ( i ulu&nu) dhaau
n i ~ b d ~ d b ~ u ~ i u n q ~ ~(Robert
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a:
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~i I~UKBagoals)
~~ R~ ~ a
a. a P I
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a~
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4'-
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~ ~ L U U
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I V

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u n n u $ m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m o i n n i s ~ i ~ ~ i d " u o3)t aniia
tuu~tnu
uiinQ (Karl Marx) naiu~m~~~ttfiaoinau~u~wadat~s"116$nn"u
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n - I 5) 6'u~uo
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dselsaw' i i o n~iun'uaulu(moderniza-tion) ditq d ~ i l d n wwu!Goin Tmumsut%
X
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q uuui3aunlw nis
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( n i t k n u ~~3a:fio LLB::
Y PI

ni3rcos rwr) ~au~~ua~isnaiu$nbbdt~u%tnun"~~u~~

(Karnmeyer, ihwan 1994,a&
143 -148)
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u a : ~ i n n i s ~ & n ~ ~ o t i ~ n s t ~ i i t~uiinnnu~i ~
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?~ goals) r~Bi!i!$din&
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u n f i 361-362)
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(social order)
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Biologi-cal Factors) (3) f i ~ ~ ~ ~ i d d a z (The
T i n aDemograpliic Factors) (Bierstedt,
1974 ~ $ 35-94)
1

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r i l n ~ a ~ o n z ~ ~ d a ~ u ~ i u ~ a izu
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nyo i
Problems) biua%sJ6u uni~ida:ainauin~Eu!dv9 d i d n5n
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FERTILISERS)
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oiniflriiu (Pollution of the Air)

I. r i n ~ n l i l r l ~ o ~ ~ ~ p l l ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ a ~
1.I n u 6 n i < ~ o ~ I u ~ i r o ~ o : ~ n i i i o ibinvi11~~bauR;astdo~biin
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U POLLUTION) ~rnt~~la~ndau1n~Ii'ttr-i
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j l ~ u % a a l l i ( uW.R. 2491 : R.H. 1948
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u POLLUTION) Ao d a u ~ ~ u ~ s ~ a i d u ~ i n i a ~ o r ~ ~ m f s ~ s ~ ~ u ~ u a
o i n i a ~ ~(AIR
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4.3 aFI~~aSupni~innu~n6ao~ssut
4.4 nisooniiiriJnio(2)
a i i ~ t a ~ ~ ~ n i ~ n i o n u " 1 1 s)i 6 a~ni~(1 nis
i u d s m i u o i ~ i s(3) aniwuan6'ou tdu o i n i ~
(4) n~~uulun'iu
(5) ~iluiiioisu&iynai
I w ~ n : ( ~ i a a n2530
i nli1 239)
4.5 nisGnaia~nii[~i~1u~ai~ifoa5u
(1) nis~$nciou~rioulo
(2)nis
Wmi-ii~(3) nislGu^anisni~ng~uio
du nisiifiGonssu (4) k~a?uqmdi
Lonis
i u a i u riiononr(~cioQuassu6id
Wilu~liini~iiJnuisuu~ssu q i
3: ~ ~ w i ~ l ~ ~ l n a n l a w 1 9(Criminal
1 n a a ~Homicide)
I. ~ n w ~ ~ n 2 ? r d a o ~ i l q l ~ i o ~ ~ q i n s n i ~ d i ~ u ~ ~ o n i ~ ~ i n n ~ s u
I.IniswinnasuPsionisdinu (aou1Cla6;homicide) n ~ o n i s d i n u n i ~
d
(niuput~iiazou90!s&
(criminal homicide) t t i l u o ~ a ~ i n s s u d i n a i ~ ~ ~datnnn
iotts~
 d
1 Yo9nixln 1 linni3~ibbund~:bnw"1109
F.6.I (Ferderal Bureau of Investigation)

aiaGinxiu (%ma?;Crime) ' n i r r y i n ~ s u n i s a : ~ D ~ n g ~ u i u e i r g i ~ ~

,dp.
~~oniscli~uds~uas.u'oRi~unnaiuda:w
qm nsId~:ni~k 9 I I n uiio~n'nsQinisRi~um

~ 1 1 5 z n o u o i s ~ i n . r s u-ar!~a"unislmnii eiarg1n.r (niusu:Ss;

Criminal) .y nnafl6d.r:nouoivrginssu l u ~ J ~ a 5 i ~ u i$i!6qn~ninduscInu
uii~ bwnr
Icils:nouoiv~in.iauui~~~a( n a c m G n ~ ~ n iwu s u i y n ~ u ~ 6 ~ d n u ? n uacu
i
2524)

1.2 o i a t p n n u ~ino+mii~al?1Tu
<milw6~ddiiuii~nu
bwnruyu8ilu
A g a i i d i n u i i~aeriisiuknu ~iludnngnisninim3zfiiar~ii~n"u
ddnnDAlu
 L%NJ-JR u U R ~ % O S I ~ ~ V O J LJ~A~~I # O i1uatgu41 kqu
~u~QnGanud~Ruussw"m~~uJo
ddrY
I u ~ s ~ ~ u i w p ~ w a u ~ s ~ a ~ n s ~ ~ ~ w u u u w ~ o u ~nnInnpsti~uudrii7
una~~~~u~ouuo~~~nu
d d d
ulr~nuda ~ t i n ndl~ u u u ~ d n i w u m a ~ u ~ u b b s d
1.3 ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ Y I D I ~ ~ ~ s T ~i i I~ s~ ~wu uI, u~ aGnidu
~~t ~ (1~) ^iI*
~ w o I
ilo<uw1dn7un7w (Physical factors or Somato type or Body type) bbRt~~<OYlld61~
P

sm'bs (Mental factors) d6uni1 %a^anu?olay7ns(Criminal biology) (%id%n l s f l n w ~

uod ~ o u l u sl q ~ 6 u
iLilu6iW) (Criminal
A
biology) un~3dnmn~~^anu~n~nm5i~uan'u~umtn~3n~~n~un7w$~~uw"PaVnaau
ad

R'uw"ub"n'uR'nrmrtuodo1"11y1n3 idu ~ ~ I ~ ~ G ~ ~ ~ u J ~ R ~ ~ ~ I ~ Q ~ ~ ~ J I N
nrruIn'.. ( n ~ u i u G m u n n wsu7ynsuRiuw"%dmu?w
~u UI aGu 2524)

,
n%to7aylm (Criminal constitution) ukwnre InuiinQnuo~ni
(.naGmGmu~n~u
wsul-
% nsu ~wWbGanu5~u1,2524)
n7due1ay~mwn7~wicVns3u(Inheritance of criminality) -nsu5id
a a crY d
inuennoniru1riou~sti~7'bsn~Inw1~%a5~
u~"~o~w"u~naaun"u.a"misuw~w~~a~aoi~
$~&w.nedwil .uitnso.uni?iinlari~
oi.oy1n3sui~uusnnnnwonn'uI6~1~w"u~naa~~
(wsuiynsu%ww"gdnuPlnu~a l i u ~ ~ m i o c G m u r m ~ u
oiary~ns3uineio5uu~w~~u4anuw
2524)
n ~ a d n u ~ & n d ~ a C i i l u n7ay1ndnumgmuIu (Endogenic
criminal) ~d~na1a~1ins11u~~ad'b.a'6ww"u"~u7u~d
u ~ n ~ t i d n m ~ iow~n ry37s 6
n i ~ w i ~ n s s u ~ ? a r n ~ K (~&u ni al ~ i ~ ~ n ~ u u a r i miilu~n?~
b) (naGmGsunnlu
wsu~ynsu~ww"G~nu^awu~,
2524)
R O U ~ U ~(Lombrosd)
w?om~~q~murl7b%gdu'bpdn1wuod R disuni~
I I I (born criminal) ~ i ~ u u ~ u n ~ y r d ~ o u ~ u s ~ ~ ~ ~ u n . u " u ~ ~ ~ u ~
ynnadii$R'nwmt~a"aw u ~ u ~ ~ o e i ~ ~ d ~ t ~ o ~ n ~ ~ u i ~ u o ~ a ~ ~ n a o e i ~ ~ i i ~ u o
nslnuw'wVnnnu
(2) n 1 3 d n l t 7 d ~ l i w 8 n % w ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ i i a ~ ~ o u i i ~ e~;onls
a'wunss
(Exogenic criminal) idu n i s ~ i u u f ~ l ~ kn nl au
8nw1 ~~o~ay~n~suIneiw?muudn*~
ioiiiuuod7~n1snuwictu1nun1sd~wiu73ii n~.rmoui~nuyryqnr~I~LL(~!IIULLL(RJ~IJ
n n w 2524)
d B d
1.4 d s t ~ n n o ~ a q ~cjriso~ary~nnuisLdsnnnrn~ni~h
ns iinalufia
A d B d
6 3 s r l G ? u n i s R n n i ~66nlaryinsn
n~unsruaunisqR~tru"uor~reiar~rnu
~~r~uonrn~n
L L m~uilnA&Li)uiuou?u
~ ~a:PI6l~ilun?1ua0uxssuuorgrnun s e u a u n l s k n d ~ ?
s ^ a u ~ u l i i ~ ~ n a i u ~ A ~ s s u n ~ r ~justice)
~ ~ ~ ~I u~ n( ~a t~i um~i un ~a u~ n i ~ r~r ui ~~au%i i r
e-d d
n a b ncuau'i%na~ns r r a r i m q J s r s r r n m n u a n ' u n ~ x i ~ r Q u n ~ ~ i

tYun~s,HI d
nrnumrlnu n ~ s q u d s r w q irnsGnnissclnu a a r ~ < 1 ~ r i 7 d i l i u i 1 r ~
d
ril u a ~ r ~ u ~ s o ~ r (nariruGnunn~u
nd~&* w s w ~ y n s u ~ ~ ~ g r nm
u ;a
n~u
2524) nalu
l u u ~ r u m ~ i a ~ ~ n s s u ~ u o ~ n " u u ~ s ~ m ~ ~ u ~ ~ r ~ ~ e i a : ~ ~ n u 6 s (value)
:l~9meii~ioei~~
uinhu ~j4h-1 r~mniirfbld ~ ~ h ~ i a ~ i i ~ n ~ ~ ~ u 3 n " u b ~ a n 1 a b a a 1 b nda~luu u b ~ d a r ~ d

(1) o ~ a ~ i n s s u l n a ~ r d(anw'firfia
sr~~s Capital crime)
0,

(2) o ~ a y ~ n r % u q u i ? s n(llsa 6 nomat n i u Bx ~ i i a white

; collar criminal)
(3) n ~ a y l n s h u i i & (aeca'aaa n'?u' urrGa; Habitual criminal)
(4) marylns^a'iadw ( I R ~ L Y ~ ~ $ U n
LU?R
~utliia;
' Professional criminal)
(5) o ~ a y ~ n s s u i a u n u n{uK u ~ ~ u u ~ e ~1~136;
r i i n companionate crime)
(6) nlanJlnssuuuuor6nl3 o(n+nu!:%6rn!s%;i Organized crime)
(7) orn'nisoiacyinssu (n?i~'u:~iia oak: !u~a'$u; Criminal organization)
(8) I ~ I urbfta z~bbTJu; Criminal insane)
? ~ ~ ~ ? ~ w I ~ ~(&J'
(9) n s r r i 1 i r n h u ~ n ? G r 8 y (rmtt &oc~du%' rnof causal offender)
OI

(10) o ~ a y ~ n s n ? r n m a(o~bn'cubaa n?u' urbiia; Occasional criminal)

(11) ~ ~ a y ~ n d d ~ ~ ~ n u( 'U~O$UhU L ~ 'LQR n ? ~U:~~~;~onmalicious
' criminal)
(12) ~ l a ~ l n 3 ~ u( ~~o dl f'i~k R~n nn?u'
~ ru:~iia; Episodic criminal)
 n a i u n ~ i uf ~o t F i i j i "oiryinsraJ" (crime) " n i r a = ~ ~ w n g c 9 u i f ~ n~ i?y ai n i r d i i h
mdw
.jofiinunn?iullsrwqnolrsdsrni~~t~a" ~ n u B o t ~ n r ~ G n i ~ ~ i n u n n a i ~ ~ ~ u i u ~ n t
o i a ~ i n r r u u e d n w n i u w ' iinrl~ntn'ni~imsGuqu4otiotasratlnwcdi8u d i i i
2nd * - e
crime u unlsnuwawsinnsin~n~nw
~11'~uiu$~wq~ns~u~n~eii~~~~u~umrie~
$ t r ~ ~ 5 I 6 f i i ~ u n l a " b u d s : u a a n ~ ~ u i ~ n(i ny ai 6G~mi u4 n u ~ n i u w ~ u i y n s u h n '

o i r y i n s d r i n o i r q i n ~ s u B ~ ~ i u(!l~u~ u u1.4) usiauuC(~uawuint.~uuv64

66o m a y i n r s i i n u a i u (Criminal homicide)
B~lri~ildAotnisuot~~nu~nEtnu -169

niswinnssu (Homicide) &urnt "niswinnrsu" n?iuauiuunt<n?njn?i;?~ unisd

~nna~dtriinis~i~n1
n la~no dn i~s d d i u n 6 ~ ~ i n i s b a i i ~ n daaufitwqAnssu~n
iu~6t
Z d d
drr~nnntn~uutnluus:dl~~d~t~uul~
rn.r~f!uj~uu6s luunn'nsiunit &nu idu
n i s n i i ~ ~ u u i l i r d o(murder)
u <n d u
u s t n n r i i ~ n u ~ d ~ f i i n s n tnuui(mansla~g~hter)
ri
nisdid~iluoiay7nssun i s n j i ~ m u i ~ n u i ~ n w 4 i ~ n n a a m ~ 3 m ~ ? o d siis:nidi
t~is~^am
d ~ ~ i l u n i s Y I ~ i j m i i u~udr ~unjinwniu ? i t ~ v t i iueu
i~ n r r v i i h r n (felony murder;
l ~ ~ u vPss B ~ n i w uu' d r i ~ w i a i o ~ i i i i
Ldnl REGiuol ma%)~ i l u n i i d ~ f i a c n n n i n i(rape)
~nlrrdurGu?% murder n i s w i n n s s u d n r e ~ i I n u i ~ ~ a + n s n O(manslaughter)
~~~rinu
I

~iluli$tunu, iunl ii~Oun'("on negsgent) ~ i l w n i s n i i ~ l l n ~ ~ i n n a i u ~ ~ i i u n ? o ~ n

P
nisGumlab91a: (heat of passion) Lun' abounb LLuu' 1aon%bboi (negligent
manslaughter) L ~ ~ ~ ~ I T P I I R ~ s s u ~ I ~& ~ e~l i~r iLn Q
u&~ ~ f~i n
' v~ iI n~ n~~ iuhisu
RTLW~I I i s ~ T t WP~WJIU&R~ in~ilunisnsr$in~iufiao-1yills:~nn!d~u~ir~dli
~ ~ u ~ i u u t ~ u n i s w i m n s s u ' ~ 1 ~ o n i s 4 l j i d l i r 0 u o i r ~ i n s s ar 1i i~uboaiiri '~bi~njs~lLri
a
n-~sniidwol~n'nn-urn' (exhusable homicide) d $%rng m n n i s h k i ~ ' % n i ~
o n n n s ~ u d r n ~ v l ~ I A ~ r(justifiable
r J t I ~ homicide) L ~ nUi s ~ i ~ w d e i l o t ~ u n u ~ n t ~ ~ n $ u
diiluni.in.i:fiin~unQp9u7u idu d i n ~ r i i ^ a r n ~ ~ w ~ n n s s u n n i s n i i ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n r
d~n7sn~r$ia7aJp9&$ (legal authorities) nalrrnuiuust 'nirwinnnUn uo.sGnn8a
 d d d
onaau rduji u ~ 9 u ~ s o ~ n ~ n u a ~ a t ~ ~ n i s l ~ R i BuinTljiKnwm~'~atwqSnssu
P P -

iiYmnaiu
d P dY
vi'romsnszriinmmv rdu n i s v i n ~ d i i i l ~ ~ i ~ i l d ~ n i sjRr~~uKnumz'~ot
rii~~~'t
, wqlmsu~;anisns:rhnmauu d P A'
at~~uniswinnssun~0lBjr9uni~winnssu~uo~iYu
ni=i~1%1416mflaiaJ n'?8n'raunisfli~~w"~~9ut~^aan~
(women's right) nisfiirr6tbi
ad
C d c
~ m ~ 3 u w i n n s a i ~ q i nnswrduwqGnzsu
sw ni~43jir~QauiYu
KtCu ain~~uanaiuGm
U P

.uotwnsnaau n13niinua~riluaia~inssun"dor~o~tnu
'BnsiwnisnsnliRjnciialGrilu
niuiu rdu ~ r i i A . u o ~ n ~ ~ITO~IRIRZ
i ~ i i ~ a niudn~nis6i~nciia~i~mb~uoi~qinm
u~?u~aiunsririislr9unisnsz~i~~ai"11au~ss
~ d unsd~~uiu!u~aluatnsiu~4uauiu
ad

nsdninlu ~ i l u ~ u
raiinniina; Iar+urmi n y u u d k r n s f i ~ s z f i m d s u i ~ i qnt
u
A Pdl
IG?unisflnsniluBnrruu~utn i n ~ n b ~ nya1aSii
5 ~~zau~Gawszjns-
W S ~ A ~ J TUL
~ U

wtnmuIannttd 2

(offenders) (homicide)
+ Gnimqiil
d
ad
w'9b¶J09b l J ~ b b ~ C ! ~ b d ~ t b l ~ u
0 . 0 1 a -
+ unamuau
holiYuni3
%9s"fiiBi5mnaiu+
idclauls
d
nis~imnsauia~uat
(serial murder) Ldu duqu
niswinnaau~a
(mass murder)

~ r u a n a i u G m d I ~ ~ u i u o i ~ ~ i n a ~ ~ ~ n i aunawqaauuKwiunin
winnssu~
-- P W

(macro objecti-
u ~ a s u and Cultural Theories) naluunnciit
v i s t s ) n q a ~ ~ n s t ~ % t ~ b ~ z a ' w(Structural
uo.sni.iuisln.isu r ~ u a ~ t 5 u . i r r d s l s u o ~ 5 ~ ~iirriat~dnu
1 ~ ~ ~ 1 s w idu
~ au~u~iiuniw
nid&nu iint diwir k ~ t d i u i r (t?unqw~ay%a~u%33u
(Subcultur theories) l%o%ulu
nisuimn.r.ruAi(uaQodn"uriiQuu ussCmpu ynna n4u C(~ui%niiri?uiau
a: 2 do.
ndu nqa~h.r~rr%ddatnou$aunqa~uu~dainniu'uon
(External restraint
theories) nqw~naiu!a.jrrilrfiuun"uaubnad~?id(Structural inequality theory) 61'bd~nis
ii boni~~'?s&ouboni~ (untnqu) ~?spZrnn
n~a~oyTwua~~ulunisl%naiu~urra~

cininq7iiuucliunin

nqwihuaiit J nqwijoyiwunrru
do. a:
I- nqrtljnyiwusrsu
C ~qw~uuu~~inniuuon
nqa~naiulojariirtuu5a lunisl%naiu7uirrc

94

nqw$iiu~d-a7nn71~0n(External reqtraint theories) LSN? LLar 99%

~n1~~im-nuiiod~ii^au~naiu~urra~6r~u~au~~1nna~uBiu.iio~l~abslusl~~
uar
o. r o e
omauuimns3u Go nis~uo~moueiod~Ruina70~7urra~
oirdotu~a~nna~un'uu"~~l~~~
6.4" (Henry and Short, 1954)
odidM~dC(n~1uq

do. a: o. dB
nqwg)uuemnnTuuon lusr~un.a~ynn~iidioddgua
na~u6uQoslo
niuoitr~mainnaiunim'~~a'~u~~~nn~~u~
 (murder) (suicide)

lmunsslunis~~u
criminal naiu2uwdd kniu1unu~s.s
Homicide fiiniadi6aniu

~ i % ~ i n ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~(ward
c i ?n u" ~U~i ?n1994
n . M& 349 f i d t d Blau, 1979; Blau and
Blue, 1982; Blau and Schwartz. 1984) ~alu!~LfiuuL~n~in
LWR 0151 %?aL $ o % i ~

~ciiwicf.au$u wiaui m A n w ~ri.wi~disuusnu

.IRV s:&naiu!i~fl uun"uB~u"u
kuil

IG~iimnalu<uhtIs L ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ n h ? i ~ ~ n L ~ ~a rE ~li ibt n~ u~~ u

E nl u~i u~ ~~ ~ d ~ l

~ R n n a i u ~ n i i ~ o r n w ~ o ~ nkitpn un~a ui u~~ n i i & u n i ~ r ~ a w ~ i i s & n u ~ n ~ i ! d

ib
~aia~innudstmnniauinnasunai~~!~~~u~~n'pb
riaIfi~RmwqRnnu~u~bsdlunisrin
 I

n q a ~ ~ ? l u p ~ ~ ~ ~ k ~ n o i n o(Subculture
~ a ' ~ u ~of aViolence
a u Theory)
~ ? o d f j Q u n n u ~Amoinnqudouluii;mu!kiia Fiiiiuu u~tussfim~iut.i/u?rYu

1 7 ~ 4 % u a r t . ~ s n ~ G d i~Kanuerniaaiansauaiu~qw~naiu~ut.t.arKut.ii~oinoy
i
a'cuunssu~d~un~uuotnua'u~~uaia a u ~ u a r ~ ut.t.nr
i i t . t . o ~ h s t . u (Wolfgang
?~ and
Ferrcuti, 1967) n$Ghndi? 0 011 n ~ i u ~ u u a ~ t . i l u d ~ u ~ d ~ u 0 r 5 ~ n idud
siit.~u~^aa
dsimui~araui~nri?uuind0~1uoya'wunaau6dndi? 4rn~iudesi~nii~t.ilukdiiI~
t.iluniauindorariil~~i ( ~ ~ o n ~ i u ~ r u i n t . ~ u ~ n ' u a n i u n i s n i uL sL Ar Li lW~~~ i )
n i a 6 n w i ~ i n' 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y a ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n (Southern
i ~ ' b Subculture
. n " ~ ?of i ~ ~ ~ b b ~
violence Theory) d i i ~ u a a f i a ~ i u ~ o ~ n i a ! x i ~ o i m ~ ? o t . ~ i i m ~ u ~ u a " U t . t . ~ ~ ~ a i u ~ u n i n ' b
K n n n i a a i m n s a u d ~ ri i o ~ 5 u"snuriruuu o r n ~ i u ~ u t . t . a(violent
r*~ tradition) ~mt.ilu
a'wunnurnnlg (Southern culture) C(dnnOlu2du 7
0~ninjin'~a10a~a~niuniad61 h

(ward <Uw?n, 1994 gid$r Hackney, 1969; Gastil, 1971; Ayers, 1984)

(2) r i n i n q i i l u g a n i ~ (Micro-Objectivist,Theories) t.iiuii niauimnnurilu

~ a u i ~ i n n a i u l i u w i ~ n ~ r ~ r n u t . t . a r n i s n a t i i a r ~ i i r n ' u Dwulcilinnqwl)
~i~~rnu -
h r ? ~t.a$u;
(n) n ? i u ~ ~ ~ w i t & n u d ! d a ' ~ l n(t.oQurunBnin
'u ~ Asymmetric Social
d
Relation Theories) ("11) ni3ni19l0dt.M~o (5n'fiu W?%W1~Zt.~'G4;
Victi,-Precipitqting
Theories) o i n (n) n?iu~rui~wir&nud!d?Un'u (!ahli?u !dt.riin'u k a u l a ) t.nu
. a i ~ ~ ~ ~ u i u o ~ w ~ i n ~ ~ ~ n i a ~t . n
4~"s ni nan i su<~mui i ~
6 1t ~. s
# u~n i r ~ r n asrniicr$
d i u i r ~ ~ i t o 5 u ~ S i i uM'%
i ~ dc~.jirt.<iuiu5ugnrinJ
i ~G~ujniG~ain'ul$~~iusJ'~ai
ejillu5uqMgd
' w d d o
ndi-riio $PI d i i i i u i s t . ~ ~t o. ~ u i $ ~ % i ~ u i o h u a a c nn"uu o~ i u i o ~ i n i t.dofiar
i
l i ~ r d i u i o(t.~Qa)
uor ~ u i ~ o i l i
"11 ~ : ~ u ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ d ~ u ~ ~ d i n i i ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ u dni u~i oat .~ Q%a d ~ u ~ o ~ u t .
& ~ n i ~ ~ l ~( ~l ~~~ ~~ Q~ o dn il i ~~ oi r~~n Si a~~ i~~~ G
i ~n ta .s ~u ~ ua ~) ~ c o ~ n r ~ $ n " u
n n u n i s w i o l n n u Go ~ w ~ ~ i u + ~ n u n ' Y n i s i i i u i s ~~ a~ nQ~ou i i ~ i ~ ~ w u n i s q u i e ~ n ~ l a "
B P,

a t h u i s ~ ~ i ~r s~ a ~ a n i i u i o ~ ~ a r i i ' b ~ ~&riw
" ~ i ~a i ni nu?i isu di i ui w ' w f s e ~ i i ~ r l u
M ~ t h ~ n i ? ~ d ~ LMQO ~ l V~ N ~ ~ Ln R bR M~Q J(~ b ~ ~ ~~ l ~ ~~ l ~w~lu i~l l lM id ~l ~ l )
uatniswinnnu 9 lu l o n u d u ~ ~ t d p n i m n s i i
n i u n q w d u e t UBR; 3 8 ~ Z R d n i s A i ~ Q ~ ~ i l u ni ids <
i tndi?~ilu$uiu~'ro
~ ~ w u n i s o r i i d ~ ~ t u e d ~ ~ ~ ~i ni ui si a d~ in i s ~ i LMGO
A i u i s (ward ?kw?n, 1994
~ $ 349
1 61tfit Ball-Rokeach, 1980)
d d, a d
ain (91) n q w ~ n i 5 n l i u o s ~ ~ un ai s w i ~ n ~ s u w ~ n n a u ~ i n n i s n a " i u o ~ ~ ~ u o
(Victim Precipitating Theory) (ward ?%w?n,1994 ~ $ 7 3 5 36%;~ Wolfgang,l958; Curtis,
1974; Luckenbil, 1977) $ d d ~ ~ L F I U G di~~un$uol~u~otni~winn~susin
R~ wib~?

& n i l ? ~ i l 6u$u l n u 1. ~ ~ d o n i n i u ~ n ~ r i i i i n n i t ~ i ~ n i u ~ 2.? s( K n s~r i~i n r m i

i i n i n ? i u S i ~ i l u n i s r h i i ?n i n i u $ ~ f ~3. q i n ~ z i 7 ~ n i d l k o u b d e ~$n
1w 4. i~
d d
' ~ ~~ ~ u o u a z ~ n s r i ~ i i ~ o l n a ~ ' b u ~ n 7 a r u o ~ n i s6.
~ v i d s I s i s l s u n ~5. ' b ~ nn ua oi u ~ u s
u i n ~ i u r l i t n i u ~ ' r e n ~i un n s r i i i r n n 3 ~ 5pn-jll~u~?anouuouGa~4iwGn~iu
o odi~bCi
~ I U ~ ? I U ~ U L L ~ J S ~ ~ I J ~~ ~n ~G~sI ~~ ~~ uI a
L~O i~~ u n ? i u ms iinu$ u~ i~ 1u o ~ ~
w 9 ,
8 d
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Pui 6
(3) ~ q w ~ m i ~ r r ~ ? ~ ? i ~ ~ ~ e r ~ ~ d (Macro-Subjectivist
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Theories) leiuri (3.1) nqrrjni@w a d s r ~ u a(Interest
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os6nis (Organizational Theories)
(3.1) n q w i n q u w f l d 3 (Interest Group Theories)
wad.rduau' ~ r i w n s r u ? u n i r u o t f i ~ b n i ~ ~ ~%RU
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Y
olinnnuii~d
ndni1o~w~d3durriuo~$i
h u i o m n n3:iini3oonn~)~uiuh
q uuui
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(ward 6~Wan,1994 351)
YI* U I ~ ~ % A ~ . Y I ~ Y I ~ ~ ~ ?

uiinBaB (Neo-Marxistian) b h i i n i ~ ~ ~ d i ~ i n i n a i u u o d o i ad~bnnn-13

~in~~u
ol~nn~suduo
~ 6 u m i u b ~ n n d i d " u ~ d ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ u d r i e 1 ~dd3inaIu~nulu
~nnaiu~uus~
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k~~&iinonGni~~~.a"~'b~ni~~ $d14i~nn1
wadrzbu~6oo~au.a"u
$d41~~un!iaClu 4 aQn Go
naiu7wu-i~bilua6uYnna(Interpersonal violence)
d d
naiu~ubb~~nbnua6uod6ni3
(Organized violence)
n a 1 u ~ u u 3 ~ A ~ i l u(state
a i ~ violence)
j
d d
naiu-pa~dnbnua6u3-1lu (systematic violence)
(ward 6 ~ ~ a1994
n, MJI354 gidfh Michalowski, 1985)
naiuswu3~dua6uunna~ R n s i n s i ~ u ~ u K u w g~iin~un3tnirviu
u~~iu lA~ri
d d
(1s~)niuouu
~~uongnnnnnnusinoia~in3

-
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u~~~~~~~
c.
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b b n "dioinsini~rut
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atlnw (4 (WRLGOJ) ~ i o d i i u i i u i sI n
~u~ l i ~ T u ~ l j l ~ i n~ il ~
i n~~j~1i w C n(~137s)
mu
~ i o d n u q"um$ I n u n i ~ n i i i i s i i ~ 4
i l u4 n i ~ i i m u ~LLR:~ i4d61~~o ~ ~ ~ a udfiunii
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8:
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knulu3e&.td'i di;~urinaiumiuluwi~ng~uiur i ? u ~ ~ ~ @ f l i ~ u n l A i l u a ~ q i n n u
d3:tnnni~uimnnu $di!6?um~lnnii uoi~rgin.rls
n?1u~uu3~~ilua6u3tuuttat?~
rfinnn~~iwiinouoo~i;~a:(~iii7m~t~sw~iis
($dil~cn
ounis; entrepreneur)
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' (4aou~~un~nuiu)
niaojinuIns~oiwCnsiu~~as~ driluni
~il~niainwir,71~aw~fi~~snu~~a:nia~~o~
1 r i i n ' u ~ ~ u n i d n ~ o s w ~ n l a : ~ u ~ 6 " u ~n'iuniaiimnii
~s~ijdiui "niawnnaau huaou
t d r
thm~lnuiu"n~rndunidinumiu~n~oun'p~
($me~a:bbunlu ward n'uw?n, 1994
nCi 354-3551
(3.2) nQ%t$~6~13
(Organizational Theories) nu?n?iu~m"uosn$u$b$u
d l o~nfiiaini.rrii~un?'aq~aza~6
~ i l i n u i udsuiu uazfi~naauua:nia4c~dsu
uiniasiuuuunani TnuninIjdnliiduo~~4iwor'nsiuIuos6ni~
osR'niad~6e2Go~
r ~ uuniaojinuniuw(iisq I~na:u~uniaqI~a311
i & ( i i a ? ~ Euni3 Rim nuiumiu
fiouii I'RI' i i ~ ~ i i l f d q s3~ufisnid$diii~mn?+iunu.r?u~i%i dsos6nidis q ii
Bn'aw~donia~<6iiin'mnaiu niaoji~duuudi~ 7 rdu niawinnaau ( ~ U L J h~ sWl J
nnui l~daiaaasriouviJnTnsl~lm~a.r0sl7'riou
n5oLamouniungnuiu r a y ) nisln'
V p l d
n ~ i u n u i u ~ u u ~ s o ~ u i n n i i w q I n . rRo
~ ~n~i ~
i i ~i onn~7^iausn i u
C1- 0

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nqw~unomi$u?anin(Micro-Subjectivist Theories) & ~ 2 n ? i u 8
d a d d
v n i ~ ~ < d i 4 i ~ m n ~ i u ~ " a o n i a I G i n nqnnanaaRsmq
~iu~uiuw n.r:rii
a d d
l6~bri maw:au
qnnan3oRsouq hw'n~ia~uiuvi3ol$iiiin'nn~i~
wuiuri3odi~$ud i a ? ~nnr:gn;w Bninla rfIuiYu drgufinaiin?lu w5o3an nqRnnu
v$onianar$iuisodis i i i d u niawiannu (murder) bbn:~m~ni.rnr:~iuis~tiisii
bfluuimna (murderers)
w d o.
sinCfiuzknii? niawian.rau b ; o ~ ~ u w q i i n s r u u o ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ i ( u ~ G o s
~innjini.rn~:lji~o~u'u~os
~ndoun:$nar~in?iu'~n) (nl~di~~u~~mi~3os!?'riou
n ~ o n i d i ~ n u ~ ' a (n~u iu) R : ~ ~ uward
R ~ utiiIwan, 1994 %GI 354)
ii n2 nuuu
hn~~duuiu~unir~~sn'~n~~~ina~uda=:~ n i ~Ra
wimn.ra~
ni.rn~Indiauri~:m~ i o n i l a r n i a % n(The Death Penalty) ua:ni~n~u~uoi~n?Iu
(Gun Control) (ward %w?n, 1994 HI^ 358)
,
 d Z d c
Death Penalty) u n d n ~ n u c i ? o ~ ~
ni~~~~ndn'~uri%mn"aobnwdatnia(~he
~Su&ub u n i s A ~ i i ~ n q w n n i ~ S w u 1 ~ 1 i ~ m ~(science
~ ~ 6 ~ and
z ~ ~morality)
n~au $LAM

6-aulinri linnqwij$u h ~ i l u nl~~~onlrilnEi~Pn

i ddinil o l m i i l i Z $ ~ f t n ~ u u i ~ n ~ z d ~
w~liRnoiayin.r3u&ncil? 6li~Ciuhu LCiuiiLiluniadu~uu~~oia~innunis
$~imn3%u
(ward fhw-an, 1994 i$ldgd Bowers and Price 1980 b, Bowers 1984) Qin
~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ u i ~ n n(brutalization
i m i ~ b effect) 3 ~ fkw-an, 1994
u n 3 (ward 359)
~'$1
d
u a t ~ h d ~ ~ n - a i u ~ n u i t ~ u w ~ z ~ ~ ' b ~~~nd~ 3z it ni ri ~n $i ?
u fmi n d ~ ~ u ~ ~ n ~ ~ w z ~ u i a a u
~ilusiu
(juveniles) L u A ~ i i ~ n i 3 n i 7 b u l ~ n iiu
ni,3n-auquni?ni]u (Gun Control) ni-iilodnirni3uinnaau$auni3nauquoi~n
a d c
du n~nuihuh ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ~ ~ $ o i ~ n ~ u ~ u n i a r i o o i " ~ ~ y i n ~ a ua; d ~64%
t~n~ni~uimna~
5 %h6an'u L L R : ~ 1991 77% (ward tuw-an, 1994 n J i 360-361 i$idfdrnudiu FBI
1992) d l i ~ i h $ > u ~ A u i ~i n ~ z ~ i i j n n ~ j i ~ ~ ~ ~ o f i i o iit!in$il$
~ n d u ~ d u%in
n"~
0,

i u u i u u w uJi w n g ~ u i u n - a ~ q u ~ ii
~w ~n l?uJn~i ~ ~ n ~ n i ( o i a y i n a a u ~ G u ~
~WnJou"(ward Cuwan, 1994 n c i 361 giszd Wright, Rossi, and Daly, 1983;
O'Carroll, et al., 1991) ulrillnuu-an-aiu~~~iu
nqw~n(i'uwad3c~ua
(3.1) u-auiin
BR$ "ni3%iun"aoni3n-a~quoi~n~un ~iluni~[i~~~iuldiui~a"~Gun~~~~iz~~i~pr"
v o ~ ~s ~ d n i l o ~ w ~ d . r : l u a l i u n ~ ~ i i u i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ G u ~ n ~ u d i o i ~d-auc
n~ula"bunao~n~o
Riuniuiiui~?~ (niii) dnclqinoi?n?Ju ni-in?uquai?ni]uid~ilun13~nd3uia$
iiui~Jou~iluldI%iiiui~~6~u

(3.1) ~ i l < ~ ~ i ~ n i ~ m i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ b u t ~(Physical

d ~ 3 3 b u ~ b u ~ i
factors, Body type Somato type) guqnnu~ilddni3uimns3uidu nqwiwiqnnu
Y
uadanulusa cn'Inic n q w i j L ~ o a l ~ nLnoaiin
(Lomboso) L i f u L u R f i u LRuRn (Lenski)

o n m n s s u d i m ~ n q u i ~ i n n ~ i u ~ ~ ~ n ~ i ~ wuonuin
-
u u ' i i n q w ~ w i q n n u ~ t l 6 a " ~ n i orii~lsiiniudnn~nia&d~fim~u5n
~F~~~B~
dd
wuii nis
w i ~ n i u i wI m u ~ a w i t ~ i n q h
~ d u - a ~ d n ~ ~ u ~ 4~ o
duslud~tmmno.roJ"uG
iiu in(i'uui%nd (~eo-~azi) d
siohufi-ag n(u6-aui-a k ~ uk~ucWan d6niYiuunvlih a~%ErYu
aunR;ulIouluwrii
w$nw0nGuaulucl3&ni r a r
Jynininln'qnuad3t~w~1~wu
(3.2) , m~~)ns1~inJs~uni~Ciu7m~~uy~d
(Mental factors) wul6~inni.r
Y
d d 2
onRnnucinLdod (serial murder) n l 3 u l m n 3 ~ n(mass
~ murder) nlbu WLWR LfiuLflR

298
(people temple) 'in a ~ % ~ n ?a7t-p
d (Criminal insane) lhri o7.ni-pna%a odni (Mentally
Abnormal crimina1)dx~nnIsn9m
(Psychoses) aa:~anda:~m (Neuroses) aauifdr$au
n i ~ i n d i i n 7 a : ~ m I i G w n(Psychopath)
~
(3.3) m ~ ~ ~ o ~ n n i a ~ d d u u ~ d a ~ n i ~ $ ~ n u ~(Social
~ a : ~ ~and
n~uba~
Technological Change) kwa~bia~innuni.rwimna.ru
iinaiub%ouniu~mw&nu
d ~ ~ a " u n i ~ ws i"?wr yunnu
~ ~ a : ~ n a i u ~ ~ a d ~ ~ u ~ ~ n ~ u ~ a ~&wul$oino7!du i nila
d d
~niiua:L$okin i i i e i i c 7 ~ e ~ & n u n ~ d a u u ~ ~ s J " a u ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ 6 d a : n o u " u o ~ 1 i ~ ~ ~ u i n G o u m i u
n i a n j w u ~ n ' a i n n q w j w e d a d s a ; nqwiotn'nia n q u i b i . s ~ n i u nsas
(3.4) m ~ ~ ~ a i n n i a ~ ' i u a ~ u u ~ ~ d ~ ~ n u ~ " a o(Social
$dnufinia
Disorganization)olnH-Ib~qmiu3.3 q&
k ~a~~lK~^nnmsPRua:uu~i~~~nuluGGei~~
ni~iiJnu~ ~ a u u iiii ow 7 a i n u i ~ i ~ ~ i u a t m n l~dR a' I l
3.4.1 (nn~q~d~~fdr(ii~bb~t~
a i"uW
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u
oi.di-g7-nrruni~wimnaau bdu n q ~ ~ & ~ d ~ l l n n(External
i e ~ ~ Restaint
~ n Theories)
naiuli~riiriuuniiluInad~a"id
(Structural Inequality Theories) uaenqag o y ~ ~ u s r a u
(uednidg) naiup.LLu (Subcultural of Violence Theories)
%
-
cr-
ainnqaQuuudsmn7uwon ~ n i a ~ u u " d o m n i u u e(?nna$u
n cl
!diiuwir&Yau) ip ynna&ndia~ilun~m!"uodn7a$i~l~odlon i a ~ u e ~ n o u A u ? i n i a I % '

n ~ i ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ i c ~ i l d ~ i u o ~ n i a ~ i m n ~ u a : ~ ~ ~and
d d Short.
y n ~ a1954)
G~ndia~(~en
i * r ~ n d ~ m i u i m i a ~ ~ n w d ~ $...ni ai ui ua ~ ou ~~~~~~r~i o o i a ~ i n a a u n ~ a ~(GOI~.
innaau~~
1958)
- naiulaj~~ii~W
u u l u l n a ~~ u
i i d n a ~ u ~ i ~ r i i ~ ~~ ~uwugnR' o~ n ~ ~
k n u ~ i l u d u r u o ~ m a ~ . a " n a i u ~ u ~ ~ a ~ ~ u n i ~ r i o o i " ~(Blau,
~ ~ i n1979;
~ a uBlau
~~udauin
and Blau, 1982; Blau and Schwartz, 1984 &d%¶%u ward 1994 Molc"1 349)
- nqwijija!Twuasau ( ~ o ~ r n j l +naiulwuad
) unisw~wnasud~fin
~ i n o ~ ? ' ~ a a a u u a ~ n i a l 3 n a ~ u ~ u ~ ~ a ~ l ~ n ~ u nmu~w3zKui7u~:usr~an"u
uTum~u~ia
n ~ u i ~ u(Wolfgang
" and Ferrcuti 1967) n ~ u n u n j n r j i a f i o ini a ~ u ~ u u a ~ ~ i l w d a u ~ d d I u
niaAirirw%a~?a ' s n l n i r u u a o ~ n a i u y ~ ~ a d ~
won~~vljooinnq~$Kj~jnril?
ujwdniin
3.4.2 n ~ ~ ~ n a i u r i ~ l l ~ h i ~ i r ' ~ ~ u ~ ~ i ~ ~ l n " u a : m i i ~ ~ ~
w u ~ u i u n i i i~ ~
l i j h u i o ~ u d w u 1 u i u d ~ 6 i u m 4 o ~ ma i~ninuqiwa i j
 a " a rr v

\
kni12rid~ln!$$n@ 9 l u 10 n u p c v i u d i r i ~ u ~ ~ $ d d d i ~ v i u " d ~ ~ i( ~i u n d ~ ~ $ d
d i u i o X i ) n ~ i i n i ~ n n d i u i o v( idui ~ i u i o p )(Ball-Rokeach Rokeach. 1980)
3.4.3 n q u j n i ~ o h s o ~ aninRnni.ronnn33ui&
fh 16inai~lilw
(Save-face) 'bnu Luckenbil, 1977 ,
t d d
uun 1 i n u o n i u m u ~ n 3 z i i t i n
t d
uun 2 ~ n ~ z r h R n ~ n ~ i u l i r i i ? 3 i ?
t d
uun 3 inns-zriliiin~sinouidoa'nainoa"~
&Ad 4 iVldu~'l~Gl~~
t d
uun 5 3.4 ~Eiun2iuptm
a: d
MG q n i u ~ + o s o l ~ G u r i o u d d
uun 6 n d o n i u ~ n ~ : i i R n
&6 huinidoond~dd~iuniui~uo\d
3.4.4 nquijoluiiuo~inoa"n!noJ"n q a j $ ~ i n ' % ~unii[f~~s~KnyaiuM
n
(Norm-lessness) ~ ~ i ~ ~ n i 3 i ~ ~ u ' j r u ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ ~ n " ! &
(3.5) m i ~ ? n n n i s i d e t r u ucnnqaj n d u u i i n % ~ u n
. ~? oi k a - u i i n % d

(3.6) n i . r t ~ u s ~ u u n i t k n(Social
u Disorganization) IIi!d$ni~winnssu
Qin aluG nohi hie Theory) u~dinofn!n6 ~ ~ w u ! & Q I ~ ~ u ~ I ~ ~ Y o J ~ I ~ ! ~ " ~ ~
(norm-lessness) idu nis~iu~m~ai]ud!rinaau~~u
amazso~nisiRnnaiuoqi~a5u
ri?un'? ii~$n~u^on~w~a?ui3niin1aui~naau'bnu~iu
iwsi:iin~uGnoi~ari~uKa~Ou
110dFtUbQd
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s i a n i 3 l n a i lilnYuni.r~uo~aounaiu6o~nia
(needs) o i n k n u d r i l l d d n i 3 w i ~ n n u
idu i?1nvioi:o~n5o~wica"n"0 ( n i s % ~nRd
) mionitiwn uiicnrln
 t
uonoinuw kmu13oo'auiumb~yd~ii~main
ni~rdsniunqltjj~o~1110fih
t
(Theory of Deviant Behavior by Robert K.Merton) 3aundnqwfjtinai n q ~ i & 3 i ~ i d

3.7.1 u o ~ u u u l a 6(Manhim's Theory) ~ ~ ~ i T ~ i t?idnql)

? ~ ~ i % i ?
nr~?uodni3.uinn3~u~fim~1in (Physical factors) unz~iriunidR'Jnu
uJoioni~niuniw
i md
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d
*~oiu0119nioniw... ouinbno3 (needs, cultural value, cultural goals)
~oiuwld~dnu....arniu~dfu6
(Institutionalized means)
d
~bi19jSr?u%Pl&
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iu
YI~Y~MRILIRILYI?U~JC U U D U ~ (Gibbon's Theory) R l b t l q Y o d
3.7.2
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p u causes) (2) RILM?
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(precipitating factors)
Y
Y nn
oin (1) KILMRWUJIU b d R'~IU&U~~IR
~
I

f i ~ l d ~ ~ 7
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d) du
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~iloa<uaniud(rdu -in $15 ~IJLIJ~I ~ i + ~ u n i ( i i o n u~ i ~u~ ~ i o a r~ o ~
i )u a ~ u ~
FiJ~azboniau f l m a 1 u i i L ~ u d k 7 6 ~ r$u I a o i ?madnG
oin (3) g o h y u &oni.sn h ~ f i f i o n i a b~f1 w " ~ f i~m d u
- d
riin~u~uau(oinni3
an

w k ) VIRLJU ( ~ C i i r i i A o u ~ nb~nrYdGiu
) mud~n1a~4n~~nn~i~u"i~a~ni~11~oa~
 3.7.3 nqa$~aiu~ib~?unn
i ia < u u a n a a i (Weston and
Well's Theory) n l s r i o o i r ~ l n s s u s iql ~(s2uiiPnlswlmnnu) "uiPnubfinelnmM~bIu?
" 2 a
~ ~ s~~ uu ~s ~~ u m a i l u i$ ~y K I L M ~ G ~ I M
u l P n u t ~ m o l n ~ a l u ~ i bnju P ~~ r i

(1) ~ o < ~ m i ~ i i ~ n l u b b ~ r(Physical

?& and mental factors) (2) ~ a < ~ b t k 2 . ~ ~ ~
(environment factros)(3) ~ ~ < u ~ n l u n l s s (situation
lrb facrtors) ( t i k a G I i 2530 MGI 382
i?IlPfit b2R<~bb~rba~$
1972 MGl 11 1-1 12)
 1. ~ n i n a n r r n L ? r d u o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ~ d i ~asBla6)
(Suicide; 91a ~ i u nidi6aniu~'in

01 a n dY Z o.sl d
aaa-uuiana.suMPanni~ouG?nnub~si4iuau~duuinuu unncinuobusuni3aiinunu
o. LIP
d~~bbri?di&niuni~C(b"s~n~i
,, qnawulnn33u ni3winnnu; (homicide-suicide)
o.
LLP~
LIP
1.A nnauuinnna unndisniilur~da:~snu
($sliuauaa:i$ni.r)
-&nu~ffuaiiodbdnniwbaaibdiuuld ni~~andiaeiouunndisaiu~d6au
6swu!Goinn3&

bas llnituantYnun ~ # a a n ' u ~ o ~ u n i s i nO~imi

nim am:d.r:ains~i~mi ~ d uauun-
b f as
PC( o. e n
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u u i n(1) ~u (2)
(4) ~ Y L L R R(5)
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IT
I (7) LWIR~ (8) 15
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nnidun%h
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nixilu~oiun~Wn (3) ~Zlu'm%
udna3l6'?uni3tu&
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nn~iiutnirni
8- wsl
1.5 nia9jiAniu6u~nuni3n1
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n~
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't913'b6
dstaunaiuwiuuwi~riBin~
(2) n i l f i i flm3 r~nniinaiu~unin
~dunimsriirdo
~da~aniosd~mfi~ni~ni~~fasu~~aia~"a~nu
invi~fiusft (3) nia?n!d~rrinu~o~
bba: rCIu6'u (4) niaw%?w (Live Suicide) o i n n d uni~nib$"fis
~an'bn~'b'baaibfio
nra"oboonnais
I
 2. R a w w u 7 u 6 7 6 7 5 n ~ a 7 un q w i
0 , - noI
2.1 unamqaas (Objectivist conception) " n i d i n i a i u ~ a u w q ~ n n u d
d t a d

-
d i de
duussn'nziumaknu o ' ~ ~ i l u n i ~ n ~ r ~ i d i l i ~ u n a i u ~ a o " ~ ~ unalaam
w~~u"~~oa~anu
bP b d B
~ilu$a~nmananwain& M% u n i ~ O j i & ~
~~i ~i ~ r i ~ q ~ n n u(ward.
~ d ~ Carter,
a~uu"
Perrin, 1994 PP. 179-181)

W
UI (Ward, Carter, Perrin, 1994 PP. 179-181)
nci 16
-2.3
nn
wou7ynsu&ol'%anu?n~i a ~ u n a l i m G n s ~ m2524.
o % u i u I i - i i uoaauuian33u (Suicide) n i d i K a m i u lo~~ a y u ti
u
o ni~d~nnasjii~oa
hu~~nuiluuiauriauiaG~nudo
b~uniaEmngaui~~~
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~6 ~reud)"~u~m0n?lu$oani3~
(1)~ r ~ i u
~ d u b i u ?~ U ~ ? i u 6 ~ ~ n 1 3 i $
(2)? rW i a <u (2) Suicide orbfin;
l n~n i s e i o ~ n ' u a r ~ i (1)
d d url
siodo (1) i d i u i a ~ ~ Q(2).o unr ~ n u n d ~ & ~ i u ~ u i n a ~ u s i n ~ n i a n o t ~ i ~ o u ~ a ~ ~ o ~ ~
~iua~~ei+~lPj!n?adigabod~~nw
s d o ~ f l u n i r d a t ~ nsauifa
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q ~a~~amanaiu~nmhrmi3Jiii1~~u~oa~
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m i , 2530 f i a t s 4 3 ~ ~ 6 )
2.5 b o u bnoi&6
~~ (Emile Durkheim) Suicide ' n i 3 9 ~ $ ~ W n&U
~b~~

n -
ni~duuifirrn 1 4 ~ n i n i u ~ 5 o
n i ~ n J ~ ~~id~ u
n i a J i i i i u ~ u ~ o a n ' J n ~ a ~ a ~ ~ " a o(mduan) ~
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i a~i ~~ ~ ~
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ra -
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nnni~~nrtiw bmoimbu'
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o r J i i n i ~ i i & ~ i u ~ d o d a t ~ l ~ 1 n ' u c 1 a i u(&anm,
~ 0 j ~ ~ ~2530)
a'a~
nqwjniniiri?miu
2.6 a n ~ ~6uo
~ma%lnu' 4 i b ~ u n n 1 a d i ~ a ~ ~ ~4anJ3ann
(1) Lon' I n h f i f l (Egoistic)
(2) uaan~DaCn(Altruistic)
 (3) ~ ~ e ur2n
w ' (Anornic) bbar
(4) drbbnn%
i '-i cn (Fatalistic)
( ward, Carter, Perrin, 1994 P. 189 $itfit Durkheim, 1963, P 247) Qln (1) LLar (2)
unistliu&l~~G~n'ud~~~an4au
Lengln'oi6in~rarimanz'odn ~iinoinm~~g~Auan'u40
nit&nrr (social integration). (ward hnan, 1994 P. 189) asiinaiu~~nnriita3Jd
(1)
visa iiadduaGau~iludiqriau (2) ~ilwnisnsrriiddu
~ilunqsnsz*lid~GwuriGa~et
~?siausau~ilukn'g,
~rri$u~?ot~uariiauaau~"ae~Gu~~rid5rbuad$w (ward fibwan.
1994 P. 189)
n i s d ~ & m i u ~ u u ~ ~ u u r i ~ a u ~ a ~ ? e(Len' ~ o ~ M q~'
d ~ tln^a~fin " ~'o
udla6;Egoistic
suicide) ~?oLf!u?$at
bilunisdl6amrruot~obon~nna~da'~l~a~u"in'fl~tnu'b~~au
&J~Ju~"~'u;~RxI~~I~:G'u~I bdw ni~~i~~u~?mlu~9~~~nistiu6~ilultllu~n~mp0~
ud a. a
uunni Gi~ua~~ou.iiiamu~ot
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; ' l k & ~ ~ t r u i s t i c suicide)

d r&
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w'u
d
n i s A n ~ i ~ i a i a i u ~ u o ~ a ~ w u n a i u v~wsiriiluaus~D
jiu~~~" 6 a u r ~ ~ u i t ~ ~ a
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T l ~ t ~ t c l ~ n 3 ~ ~ l n aRl .8~l ~
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t. o i i . i ~ i u ~ r r s i r ~ u ~ e ~ i ~ ~ n i t T ~ u ~ a ao.u euaulmilszms~imdain~i
eiit~u~~~t
np~nd'undknuL ~ nsriw'uw'quuf
M trl
n n (3) uar (4) ~mu~wriin
bra: rleuna8atfn ~Anoin~w~~AsaiYu
dn Itnp
d
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u"aCt6unw~~e\u rfimoin
miw\?ngbnru.n' bdu niarolui (Anomie) M%~l?uss'n~iw
(~orhlessness)(uonmn
n ~ s ~ i ~ a a i u ~ t b ~ u $ u ~ p 9 q 'iir'it
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~u
n71nii<aa7u ( ward, Carter, Perrin, 1994 P. 189 h s f f s Durkheim, 1963, P 247)
a- h:
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hun%~$o
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alini3
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m u u o n o r i i i u i o ~ i o ~ ~ ~ % w ~ ~ $ f i o b o n ~ n n ~ ~ i d b n ~ 9 1 a d n a i 0 ~ ~unr
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i i u u i b i l l ~ ~ ~(Gibbs
i i ~ u and Martin, 1964, P.27) ~ d n a a o ~ o u n qqodpofnb;
w~
~uiriiuii uo'.3ini3dihmiuuo~d~:nina~fluld
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( ward, 6uwan 1994 P. 191
~pmisn~un"un"ua~Guvosniad?u6a~G~%in"u~niuniw~~
h d f i d Gibbs and Martin. 1964, P 27) ndiaWo g d i a i y ~ o r r e i d i s ~ h ~mIildn1.i
un
JIU~J d~u~~~nilill&a~G~~in"u@~nubflubdaod~duin
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CICL
niui3nnimnia& ua~uqiaaina"7~lun3:uaunia
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~ ? R Objectivist
~in Theories) b h b d o h n i d
4' dP
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du u'oGiunioknu n a i u a e u m u n " u n i d i & n l u
lolGfio~onynn~riiniadi6amiu
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o i n (1) n q w i n i a d u u i n i d k R U (Social Learning Theory) I nubonbno i
(Ronald- Aken) d i i uniaduu$unidiKaniu; 2 5% l&rn (n) n i 3 6 u ~ i d ~ : d i & ~ i ~
i ufiu~ininldldi?~
~ i n n i a ~ ~ ~ ? u n i a d ~ ~ ~ ^ a u ~ o a " u ~ ~ u n i a W i i & a n(Y) d~nub~u~~i~u~~m
niu'bnuwi%k d ~ ~ ~ i n n i ~ ~ i d (bward
b ~ guwan,
~ ~ ~ ~1994
i n P.
' ~192
~ "$idfid Akers,
1985 nrii 229) a+u ni~tidiu~Pso~~iani~bbji~amiuilin~oaaavuuirioudil:~iui~~
n"El6aras
ilin (2) nquinalrqa (control Theory) oinni.rdknuhulnd aGuii n i s i 1
10ji !d~nui::
4iaaiua3u$~~nian33a laha3 ailu
ni3~~niia$~~ilui~GasGiuslo~aqlnu
wq~nnuCf&nu~lGnimna"d
gdd ~ilCu6(Jacobs 1967) & ? i l C a i i i fii~a$iodfii!d6 . r ~ i ~ u ~ d d ~ ~ ~ ~ i u b o
liiukndia (ward Cuwan.
duir~~uiimus~auiua:uo~~naaa~ 1994 nlii 194 rii~
i d (Jacobs 1967)

7 0 i?u 1A~ri(1) L N B ~ J S ~ J M I ~ ~
a~~uririiuunns:uauni~niabbjiGamiuoon~Bu
nuafimlmuiilkinni~~ra:10jrnuisoun'3yniIn' (2) da~nuiuiuu~eil:n?naiu~u~b'sd
91

(3) ~ ~ o i i 9 " r m i s ~ ~ 6 S qnaiwmiu~riiwic

^;~$u ~m (4) 9in (3) riilriusnnjsoninn
8:
&nu awne~0jaiuiaoa~~~ma~y~i'bos'~u@u
(5) uu~aiaueu'nlliuknu(6) $unqm$u
ainQGiu (7) hAaji~naiuasulrrsu(8) $ u d ~ ~ u i i n i ~ 5 d n h a ~ ~ l r d a m ~(9)
aud~m
i?unqm~5ilinnaiua:oiulil~~a:~na~n~a~ouid(10) $uudiliiwniiunlw~r)lGn~j
naiuniu Qsiinisd3miyyinr (ward Cuwan, 1994 ~ $ 194
1 fidfid (Jacobs 1967)
9 P. 331-332
91

~ruanaiuAnua~ u ~ u f i ~ ~ i ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ u ' ~ u i n u i u ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ m i u i i ~ ~ a o u ~
m u ~ a ~ ~ i l u ~ ~ j u ~ & u o n ~ ~ i imanw6~~uu nmauni3
l i n ~ n ~ m~iru<~i~hrja4aii
~~d
a ~ i GCuwan.
p i i R i ~ i u n j n d i ~ m r n a ~ ' b . a ' w m ~ o u w q ~ ~ n i(ward ami~~ ~ n c i 195
1994
$idfid Schneidman 1976 MGI 266)
2.10 % h q k t ~ $ 6 l ? ~ f J u $ ~(Macro
~ i f l Subjectivist Theories) ~~un3:u-duni3
L 7i~~~r-i
w i ~ ~ ~ n u i a ~ u i u i t l ~ ~ n i44;~ ~2j ~i ~T a= m ~i u
U
dn a
(1) nAuaaddoru' (Interest group Expanations) nian%uiuno~orn~u
uadaz~uaw'
dn d 8
(2) n i s ~ h i u w o d n s ~ ~ n i s m d o J ~ n i (sOrganizational
~ni3 Explana-
tions) ( ward n'uwan, 1994 ngi 195)
I i n (1) niu~ads:ltlml ~u'u6ihCanaiu 'ni.ndut~uu" 4n6u
a ~ d a ~ ~ u a ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ u ~ 7u ~ d ~ o ~ n ~ n u i u ~ i ~
tY d nn
nJu nduwadsrluau' rilunsru~unimi~ii~nud~soun~u~u~nuanu~ktfi
i ~ i ~ 4 urduoauormouna~ucio
i ~ n i a ~ " ~ ~ ~ i i ~ u u t l odwuiunuiidiamw
~aui~n~.~u
onnnmq (suicide as murder) ~ i n n g n u i u ~(common
~d law) ~ o ~ d ~ : m ~ k n q w
nl3oii&nlu(bilu) We nl.iwinn.i.iunubed (suicide was self murder) bwnruywhilu
C i Q n i y y i t u n i . i s ~ l n w ~ d w i n n . i . i u n u ~ni.i~uniiuhuddii~irun13lmu
e~~e tlank
e nai if i~I o~ uL L ~ = Q I : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ I J ~ UJ
aefm ~ ~ n w f ( n i ~ i ~ ~ w i ~ I u ~I +ai ua ni n IE ~ U ~ E ~ M
Iu~nas.iw4 14 (RBI. 1300-1400) n g n u i u D j n q w ~ ~ n a i u ~ u i u ~ ~ e ~ n i ~ w i ~ n ~ ~ u n u ~ e ~
(self murder) i i ~ i l u e i a ~ i n 3 ~ u d e 6 i u ? ~
dP a
l l n (2) ~ l .
. i ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ l n ' n ~ d 0 d 6 (organizational
~ i ~ ~ l ~ ~ i ~ b b ~ l ~ l ~
d wdcr
Explanations) b ~ d n ~ ~ u 8 i u i ~ ~ u e d 6 n i ~ n ~ e ~ d &Yiihuil~unisli"
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~uu
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R
I G n $ ~ n u a ~ ~ n ~ i i: iVni l y ~ m w i n~ i l u
6u ( ward i i w d n , 1994 ~ $ 7195)

-
n ~ ~ o i i & u u h o i i n i n i u(aeu' tn'bm6 ;s'bmd; Homicide Suicide) bgun-13
W R o J ~ ~ . i : ~ s i i d ~ i % ~ i n ~ ~ ~ d ~ : b 6(Criminal
1 ~ n i 3 Homicide)
~ i ~ n ~ 3 n"er
~
01 P P

enauerinnaau (Suicide)
01

l l n w q ~ ~ F k f i 3 l n l l l u ~(External
on Restraint Theory) rniubb~anai~~~m
ued ~ s u + ~ ~ m r n e i(1954)
n y n n a ~ ~ a n ~ e e n w q i n 3nwi a i i a s u ~ n ~lnuid1dCt
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e~nu~e~ rliICnisu~n~eonwq6n~ru
f i a % ?j u b b ~ d~ d ~ f ( ~ l g u l l i(Internal
u I u Restraint Theory) Fie ni3iio'niQuinn3.iu
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iu~iu 90 ~ ~ a t o i ~ o i i $ u
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i~ i]uhan?29 0.2-0.3 do ~OO,OOO nude
CI P
nu ciio'J luwnam~aud0.04 siusis
dnmrau41wau 1,000-1,500 100,ooo nude9" (u.w.
d n n i s nuuiGs. 2546)
uiinzn 4 1 ~ ~ u n d ~ ~ ~ n n n i n i i $ ~ ~ ~ ~ a J 1
5~ a ~i i1a u o o n ~ ~ u
lrQm

" 1 bb08J' u t ? ~Lila' at$ (Amorous Jealousy)

2 bUO' 5 ?A' i d (Mercy Killing)
3 $a' ;la6 Sb6 (Filicide ~dicide)
Tf91 '

4 dzDi3' bfJoi 1* a
!;6 (Familiar Suicide)
5 Lon' wnse: dz8s buoi ma' baa:: ' (ExtraFamiliar Murder
Suicide) (u.w. d3in13 nuulG3, 2546 &d8d U
%
IR
~;)

1. Amorous Jealousy; uou' ut?w L1R' a t 4 ~ ~ u ~ u ~ d i i w 7 ~ ~66naiu?n

quiilin
h: d d
v a r n a i u t ~ ~ u~aimruaclf
a~~ ~dmu?nuonlilriso~ulolo9"$~
n~nuyab~q~?o!iii
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o i s u & ~ ~ ~ i iy~nulnn
u o ~ W uuu% L M ~ O R O UM ~ O

qu~iiua

ui'adininiumun (u.w. d s i n i 3 n u u i p , 2546 h ~ ui iii n

~p )
2. Mercy Killing; buo' % Gapi d ' n i s ~ i b d o ~ $ f i U ~f ni ~i ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ d ~ m j l b ~

~ iIiun n i ~ u r i n i s ~ i ~ ~ ~ w all$
01 CIP
n a i u p ~ f i m < ~ ~ ~ ~ o i ~ d ~ i ~ ~ i w o .~
bnl ri as m tnisniu~
.u

qn+ ~C~~fiml~lriu~~oiylun~ou~
n~~ ial u
~ Ium~
-
bfiaoisu&4u~~151~dsjibdiua i?~(tqad5 i b ~ ib b u n G a a o n ~ i n ~ ~16nisdi~dolo9"fiu
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S~MI~ULR+'I
i u ~ ~ d ~ n ~ l r ~ u *) (u.w.
l ? ~d un ni i~s ~nurn~3.
~ ~ 2546 ~IJ% uiin
'p)
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3. Filicide Suicide; $8' i!TfR' 7 %!Tf6 " n i s d i~ &L
~ V O J S I U L O J U ~ ~
~UI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
01dc
(Altruistic ; uoant8a fin i n n n i s
rnsdi~uu8n~annb~~bbridat~ulr6uod$~b~ud~d~
u d r d r ~ n n u o bmoin
~ b d (Emili Durkheim) u n 3 r i i u i d i l ? n o i y i i n i i1 uau khdi
(u.w. d s i n i s nusibs, 2546 Ditiit uiin;~)
4. Familiar Suicide; d r i a ' LL~& z ' 8k6 "nisdiaui9n (d(u~nulnn3n
i i i ~ i h a b t r k f i u n o tdmn'ot l i u n i i l p v l t i ~ *
aicnairu) 'Lwn3ounia ~~ci?diiYaaiuaiu~~
buai qbbuu' b%m; Familiar Financial"

oia ;nld ~ w i u i u i unis..

a un:diiYaaimiuv (u.w. dnn1.r nuoip3. 2546 httt
uiinp)
5 ExtraFamiliar ~ u r d eSuicide;
r Lon1Rn3t 4 t h ' Lunf Luo' Lnot 8 ' 8
k R ' - n i s a i a n n u l n u $ n f i m ~ ~ ~ f i ~ ~ w ~ ~ ~ a d i i n5a
Y a ani iusan iouu l 6 L L ~ L~ ~
~ R 6ii
LnniiLo9 h;Retaliation) Lnio ! 6 u . ~ $ n f i n L ~ ~ 6L l ~~ ?wGn'unz
~U mG<un?ui
d w ,
~rwnin'unuru'~ i u i i t n ' u ~ n ipi nt c i 7 ~ u u i ~ m u i nG'a~rii<u~nciot
is nga~.imumu
A n i i ~ i l u y k i i t i l g n i l v Y u r i a ~lhc
i ni.rlisw p n i w n r i i d n i s t i u niku a a u n i
-
~ n i o ~ f l u ~ i i l o s " ~~&i
n Yi oi
i oe guoiu tluaoi%w ~ n ~ q n ~ ~ f l m nnou~ li f~i ~ n i w
aCvaunsonkw~'L$~fianiaao9-1bi un'A7 l n u i i n a i u w ~ i u i n ~ ~ ~ i a ~ u4t
~6~~~~w"~~
ntiio n i ~ d i ~ ~ a ~ ~ o t A ~ ~ i ~ ~ u m ~ ~ ~ ~ ...~ $~ vl~ ~s ~adu~ ~n snj iof i'n ua to i ~ ~ i 6 o
(u.w. d n n i s nuu1tp.r. 2546 ditiit
I i i ~ a u i r i o uua::~nIauoiiuw::d~t~~uo~~l

oonbau 3 drt~nno: (1) Dependent-Protective Homicide Suicide (2) Aggressive

Homicide Suicide u8t (3) Symbiotic Homicide Suicide (U.W. h n l l nuuiqs, 2546
hrtt uiCnzn)
d d
a i n (1) ni~aimnwun~ntla<unia~twioi<u
nljo n l 3 d l ~ d i ~ 2 1 u ~ i l u 2 ~ t
1 ~ L G Q U ~w.r:mn1 ?id3 an1Plad yi :Z'l
d t w i o i ~ ' u u h h G ~ a i u .(GLWU'
Dependent-Protective Homicide Suicide) "h i u i uan'w
~ B u ~ a u ~ a d s ~ n i t unsu! u C%iu
d d
n f l i i i s e ~ ' 7 u n i m a u u ~ ~ o c ~ i n ~ u n i w n ~ d a u u ~ ~ d a ~ n ~ a ~ ~ e i i i iinn ii ~ u l ~ u u ~ ~ d a
o i n i ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ a u ~ n i ~ b b u n $ a b b a r ~ n a i u ~ n " s ~ n ~ ~ u o ~ i i t b b a r ~ n4 5i i ! d ~ ~ n ' ~ ~ a u n u
WU~~LUIIU 50% (u.w. d m n i s nuuit;~. 2546 ht;t u i i n y n )
i li!.n6
(o-Lnsmv Qvlso*
i l i n (2) ni~di$uuuuniajia~bs~"adi~aaiumiu y* 2
d
!%6; Aggressive Homicide Suicide) ' ~ n u ~ n b ~ u ~ a u 3 a d i n a i u ~ n b b u " t riounsz
b~u~otu
iitkb~nnnriiiit~~iliinni.ioiiniu~a'uur~tniiaDubturiou
t t ~ n i u ~ t~i ~i i j ? t i i ~ j ~ i u
d
n i u i n o r 'iwqln.rsu?nniu bnuoliouy" (u.w. d3ini.r ouuiop.i. 2546 httt u i h
yn)
o i n (3) n i ~ ~ i y n n a d i n a i u ~ u ~ u ~ u ~ ~ t d t ~ i ~ ~(9uIuIofin
~atii~a~iumiu
d
so' :!an' y* 'dl%& Symbiotic Homicide Suicide) slnni3n%iu1~1~am@~u1o~iiu~aun"u
t da
ii'un"aiZb~ntn?ui n t n u n a i u ~ ~ n n d i t n i t T ~ ~ m
~~ ~ nn ~~ uoi n i 3 ~ i ~ T wiiu ~ ~ a u *
P ~a u
d d
~ n n r i p u n a i u r a e n ioe8Duniir8un'soCn~iiads0,'bu"1[6uinnii~u~ot
i

n?t 1mn njaan (u.w. d n n i ~nuoi.s;s. 2546 o i t i i a u i f n y n ) ninwuwqGnnu

zc?'*
D n i i a s ~ m u r a u i i ~ n a i u ~ ~ d o c d i ~ a n i u ~ ~ o d intu
$uno n~ ioi ldA u i F n i i G
nu~Gi1-ariatlu ~IIR ~ a i l s I i~i ~ n i s ~ i ~ n d i a ~ i lur an n3 bd ~a ~ n i ~ & b n d i ~ u a ~ l ~
.a d-
3. mbnquotnisdiRjmiu (Suicide) v n ? i u b ~ n n u l e i R u n T t h(naiuR'otni3
t d ' c a d
(iitq; needs) %?anntu ~ d u ~ w ~ r ~ i ~ l n a i u ~ G
' i i i n~e ~
i o~
u iu
a i~
i t aGcflldoui
n~ii
ad C
!nu' iinaitiudouGnaitAu Ciouiinuia h k i n n n ~ s n n u! d i ~ n ~ a u n i J l u ~ n d t d R u
w* a'
Go.misWirrilu~n~dlii!dj
n i s o i i h n i u (Suicide) d t o i o u u n ~ ~ ~ n w i ! n n t u
3.1 ~ ~ ~ u n 1 J n l ~ n l ~ ~ ~ ~ (Physical
~ d w 3factors.
3 ~ ~Somato
I U ~ itype
u
or Body type) ~ a t f i o ~ u n i t (Mental
in factors) d tilu~nquo ~ n i d i ~ aun''KILM
i ~ni3
'A
n i i ~ h ~ i u ~ ~ n s i n n i s i ~ n B n n i ~ ~ u ,aarCnaiu~SuilaunitPmu7ri~
siu~ndnG u....
 3.2 niau~duubbdasnis~snubbarb~n~u~a~
(Social and Technological
Change) rilua$os<unisdi6am-1~~sR-lrna uflr'ihi3 'niabdiU U L L ~ R ~ U U I J Z ~ Y ~ J
&nuvhluynijG fiwa~niario1~findar~u"116bbar~?oniab~ufi~w
oinniai?nmuos
bmo$nbd fiilCumsknui wadow q ~ n a a u ~ ~ s y bifua$osn"uniaglji~aniu
nn~d

~aCuwiGsn- wqinaau~Yq~snynna

1 1-
1

P P
06.1~; (Anomie)
b
QmaUulmnaau (Suicide)

IJ?; 66'1 Egoistic 6 odarlu"116mu

?hnsbbamgou Altruistic ~odat~ur6dauaau
ngnid Anomic ling
bv"smu Fatalistie ?lQ70bbb39

nqwjig<na (The Cyclic Theory) ~uniadigamiu niaudduwudasni~knu

dm W
nqwgaawwnia (The Evolutionary Theory) nisbdiuu~da~bfimainnis
u i s h oinRuuhu ~ $ u C u ~ u y syianAo
&mi.
d
d
ua~niabdifuuudasn~~~n'in'uwiJa'wu~s~u
-
inur (survival of the fittest) $~4'oiadi
dn
mtnnnnbfioiu (William F.Ogburn)
 (cultural Lag ~heory) d
Isinrii~l;lunqw~naiuBini~a'wu~~au ~iW
$nisd15ami u
%atu~wuai$
(Self Suicide) C ( b f i n l l n n l ~ ~ % ~ i ? B ~ a b ~ ~ ~ f

uki (Conflict Theory) M?onqls$ul$n$ (Marxian's Theory) nis

linnq~a$n
A u k c ~ i i ~ ~ ~ i l u ~ 5 i ~ a ~ 3 0 Q u(The
n i aHave)
e ~ 8 wrkflSi3~kniaw~m
(The Have
not) ijoiluynajnu d~ldknunnuii?~ka~uia"nd
uiin~a%uiunsruaunis
bdiuukda~~ilu
9niu (Thesis) : ~ ~ b b f h (Antithesis) URe?myU (Synthesis)

cr t wd u- wd
sinnatuaunia&ndia un~yndca.u<unaiug~~iu
~$n~~~wnuyndaraurYu
t a u e ~ ?$65udaduru'
o
h n i u ( c ~ d u d~~aiuiandiu~u'7rYuaniw
bbamBou d~fimolnnia~d~uuuh
bdu Altruistic Suicide
ntn"u$uoi~di$amiubbuu~mbbuu~fi~ nMia~i~amiub6o~iu
r ~ wn'uniu
' inlsing bbu.u Fatalistic 9 olnb~iru~nlnls
c.CI
a~rnixii<amiu ~ ~ ~ ~ n " ~ n i % b d ~ u u k d ~ J ~ i J ~ J n ~ d ~bnn-
ni5bd~0~bbd~
lula~lu~rnt~~u~n'u
3.3 ni~b~us:uuwi9~Jnun"Uniasaji~a~~u
(Social Disorganization and
Suicide)
J ~ ~~l ~; i~a~~~Qa ~~ ~ b f i m n i a b d ~ u u b r d a ~ ~
~ ~ l l n n 1 3 ~ d ~ ~ ~ b b d l 3.2
.
.
P d
d1.17 vo~iiJnuu~~nsriiijn~a~diuuluui~D~
u w n a r i i o 7 l ~ d a u ua~niard~uu-a:
~
d Z d
~ 6 j ~ A ~ b f i ~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ b~ ~u ~~ d
L~UO~IJ~R d ~
~ o
~ ~
' bn i~ a~ f ui ~" ~b tb u ~~ t n~ i
i i ~ n u d & w a l K ~ f i w 3 ~ ~ i eR~UUI
i i d ~ hbdu niadi6amiu &wuI<-ain nqwijol~G
(Anomie Theory) I O J U ~ % (Emile
~ ~ Durkheirn) k a t n q % + ~ ~ ~ w ~ j i (Structural
J-M~1d
d
and Functional Theory) u s : ~ ~ n l ~ u 7 n ~ u d ~ ~ ~ " a o ~ t u ~ o ~ ~ ~ n u b d A u u ~ i u ( ~ r a n s i t i o
Society) d ~ ~ m d n n ~ n i ~ n i n ~ u(double
i m a ~ istandards)
u tiso~innii~u;dua~~q
u m y u (Plural standards) n?lu%mkljJ (Conflict) ~nJilddani~toluij~?o'b%aaw'w
31% (normlessness) Iu51udRm
Y
 I

d
3.4 niarnrnsrnrunis~snu5uniaaii$aain l~niasljiGaain~s
~;1iunaiuGauosCn
?a??% (Objectivists) r ~ u w q l n n u d ~ r i a o n ~ ~ o s n ' ~ ~ a 3 w ' a ~ i u(non
w i sconfor-
~snu
mist) M:nwq~n33uld~4LY (Deviant behavior) l i h l l d ~~ q ~crdp nd ~ n ~ 3 < Y n 1 3 ~ : ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ a
MRIDYI~U~ L ~ U
I

n g ~ $ h n i s ~(Strain Theory)
nqu$$abr~s(Conflict Theory)
nqu$n-ii (Labelling Theory)
nqua o l u d (Anomie Theory)
nqwz o ~ ~ w u l i s s(Subculture
u Theory)
nqwjjdfj&wirgnisGy&nwslb"(Symbolic Interactionism)
n q u $ f f s m ~ n a(Strain Theory) <unisr)i.jaiu (Suicide) "!ridstaunaiuh&
niarclaqiiq (economie success) ~ur0udiiiounisa"wuliaau(cultural value) r w n t r U u
~ 6 o n ' o s l o n i d a i n u(institutionalized means) ~rir~~diuaulii~d$ni341jiGaain1~

n q ~ $ ~ q ~ n ~ ~ N k d u ~ k(Theory of D Deviant
~ ~ 2 1 ~ k ~ ~Behavior
$ ~ ~ by
Robert K. Merton ) n"flnisdi~a91iu
(Suicide)

(Mode of Adaptation) %u%?m &WIJ~D~

Ritualism ignored accepted

(b$lf~b~eJ¶J%, bQ3W3-l) ('bi~ ~ 1 0 ) (Ll~fl?Y)
Retreatism rejected rejected
(unu~~w"~"aa~G1wn) (dB LWE) (dfjbaa)
 nqw@m~kfiuni~d16aniucddb&bki6unaiuGauk!ri16n"ao r$y~'iu
' E j l bb$
~ ibb~?b&J%j16~~1~
~q~iznn~?on3 i ~ i d Theory or Stigma Theory) fiunia0ii&niu
(Labelling
ddae~unaiuwiuu*IGiuniafinn 4irn ~ ~ d i K = n iLu ~ U
fini3iiai3i~v1
MQJ
"~Giu" l u u%%~iw
6osbnn~+ino~IOrJn7uniuaii
usouuafiun d~fin~innisriisiuvc3~udo~au"
i~ua\lin~~d
di<aniu
~n~u~~
ni.r~iluI~nd%~nui~biiuo
IG~1~nia~nnriiI~~n~a0ii~aniu
nqaijni3Euui (Learning Theory) 5 u n i d i i n iu b ~ u # ~bn
m? ua:niaEu$
ad
anniadi6aniu
wd a
n q ~ ~ n l 3 ~ u ~ ~ N b n bbGHl
~ Q 6ilJn(Differential
R ~ i ~ Association
~ ~ ~ ~ ~Theory)
6
d d
pin ni3b+iIdlwiBn'un~uf~nu
dbduab~6u~nuni3&dinaiub"11obnuan'unia~u
d d a
%nnubo~bdu n3N WL& bnubfia (People Temple) L i o J k u C nla6 d3rmRnluoiu7
d d
bra:nariiul u i a 0 i i R i n i u ~ w o I riounbanocunnn'.oiitniaoamu
~ dn d~
wd e d
n~w~nis~uqnmnsinw~w~~~a9bt~uwb b a n 6 i J Reinforcement
(Differential
~ f i u n%?ani38dbnl)
Theory) b n u ~ ~ w i t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i u d ~ ~ u a ~ ~(reward) i a \ ~ a i ~ a (punish-
'a
ment) dliiId~ni3nii.iaiu n u ~ ~ n ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 u k ~ ? RoiILri
a i 1 1 n6 q~w~i ~ J b R b ~ ~

o~a'wuasau(Sub-cultural Theory of Deviance by Cohen)

Ik~ri
dou~uniuarm~iR6uniawi~aaiu (1 ) n i ~ ~ u ~ ~ 6 u 5 ~ n i ~ s 1 a 5 n u i ~
rialARnhnnii+bEu rl.ild$niawininiu bnu~awirI3nnno.r~bdu LORCU L L ~ Jn?o
d a .
bmd&tnunnu'nauiu 6rl.-1~d$nis~lmio~t~^b~unianiu
riouai3t L 'irnnlan
ui* uu:i53m 4a4
. nn
~ U

u ~ n ~ i n n i ~ ~ u f ? n \ ~ ; d " ~ ~ ~ o ~ a u u i tn~nda ua ua~e~i o6 $nai ~ i $ u

a i u ~ b h d i & a i ~ a i u ~&bdu
n h Mercy Killing (2) & b n i ~ ~ i i ~ i a n i 6 u n i a d i 6 a
niu uyw$~naiudio~ni3(needs) ~u;duo~naiuIam~uw"u~iu
(tnriio~<umiw
bdu n i d ~ ~ n a ~
G i i ~ ~ a a i ~ w i o u ~ u % ? n ~ i n n ' u~ok~iluni~wininiubbuund~
n3au~i~
'n8ynn ' u ~ i n ~ i \ u ~ d r"~uiirn
nai5u~inRdu~duot o c 5u~ineulu;rlao~rriyba
aimun n'u~in\dbqdro~
"q~u-~!OrJ.rz~fin~
(3) ~o~u~~ua~uda:~inm"unia0ii<aaiu
ninnin~u~wu~~damna~~~1~~u~d~~uudouinnu~~66oi~~uu~
aunic r i o u t i ~ ~ m
nwjncii~oioi~~ni~~nni3~iu~6~u~~u"ui~o~ii~~u~dr
u dd
nubor t i o ~ i i n a u ~
(aniw~Rn
s ~ + u m atucnumi) miuA~jnuriinu(~
nmunia
 B d
uaa~oonain5umuini~uo~n1wuuaa"bdao~~u~
n~i~ual~~nn~luri~nudoi~nau~nm.Si
f i i ~ u n ~ ' o ~ ~ ~ u n i j l d $ n i a ~ u ~ ~ ~mimoun~ o du d ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ m i ~ n i a u i m ~ ~ ~ ~
b dcc
uy.+&r%Ian oiodniGa~~Cnukuri~QniwuinaIsn
~u~dao~~~nn
n.rtnunia61
ulsn
oild!fu o u m m u i &ldu oi?ai?miiu& d ~ a ~ i l u n i a d i ~ i m i u b b u(mass
u~~
suicide) uo ~ylrusi;
u
w
4. u w ? n i ~ 5 o ~ n ' H u a z a 3 ~ ~ q ~ i n 1 + o i iu
i aam
r ni u
iii$~ahdi.imiu irX,

d
n9s~d.un a r u ~ u n i a m s ~ s n o u ~ i UULL~P~R-ILH!
~~q~ds uinai~~?ua:rdo
HsouuGuHl~mfaoRM5a
i?dniaiJo~riuusmn~ 7 uidarqnnla' & ~ d urinuuqnqiulm
R'o~6inalnrii~
uod w osa' kn'(Paul Sites) Eu!$~~rina!nni~iwuaaau i~amdi(uun p s r ~ j u
ns~
quiu n&ujiYu n u & ua:oousi? dueiw (gnu~:~"omluSO 265 i l r y ~ i & n u

unzuaan u n ~ w a : ( i u u i u n i ~ 3 u n ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ d m u iUaRnL ~U o~ ~~ Un ~' u~ H I ~ I ~

~iC~i?~idsiorh~ddarPw'iniw lu
( p o d 1 und 2 uu?ni~iJo~Kuus:un"tu3~~1
SO 265 3q~iGdnudf:nou)
hH?ulluanlJilodnirbba=: ~~fl113~~1n~adiGamiu~3un~1na~~"aolu~~ria:aniu-
ad
niaru' r?u% n i a d i ~ o ~ ~ ~ ? d i & m i u
A d'd d
uoli'CaunaiidGColnlri da:dd 2 uo~~~o~un~nu~~uwqwijniadiCamiu
d A d'd d h:
us:Ja=~lun 3 u o ~ ~ a o ~ u m n u ~ ~ u m ~ ~ ~ u o ~ n~um~ucim~nq~inniuniw
iadiCamiu
 A'
nid&nu ~9 nszuaunism3a~t7a~1ibn~
bilubbuanisb~
asGu6<n~ild~n3zuaunis
u&uazilasni3~ni~uda'hJ
P1 P P

n i s i l a ~ n i r n ~ s a m a u ~ l i m ~ ~ a z n ~ ~ a i i ~ u ~ au~nniinisil
' a a i ~ ~ a masnirnm
~~aiu
slinnxiu (murder) ~ w ~ i r n i ~ ~ u ~ ~ m n u ~ a s ~ Ii nl uu nmiua~nassz4~s ~ f i n ~ ~ ~ n b a a i ~ n
A =a
wniud ~~eib9ud~ap"sbnmilgGadis~us
nna ~n1iu1,~~i~
uIuuiuilasn'unisdi6faniu bnu ~ L R U(Seiden, 1983) (1) na!nflasf?i'uuuu
n5u' cb:a
m~~m(banz bubna: The Clinical Model) b i l o a ~ ~ d z n i s % ~ n i ~ s ' n w i ~ a u n i 3
ilatnic $s3aunynna ~ ~ a z n ~ u d w u i u i u ~ i ~Iou
a m ~doa
i u un~aumuTiauni~aii<a
miu" d~$uuinisilo~n"ubnuaiwiaoJ"nama~nbaai
24 & a h (2) uuuannaiu~dusilin
6 - 4 -
btuanrjau (The Environment risk-reduction Model : 6 ~~daiubuu'naa
P

ian s@n8$u
t d d
IULRR)
d ~ ~ a 6 ~ u i u d n n i s d i ~ anmmuafu
m~u baa1 ~nluClis?qdn3d sau85
uin.snis~6uahoi2a8u srwiu n-~ni.iipt h 6 u (Ward Kuwan, 1994 nrii 199
fis Seiden, 1983)
5. Jywia~nrjurinu(Minority Problem)
1. R'nlmmz&aldua~~~niaun~
u~au
2. naiunuiu AifiiiYnn-aiunqwa
3. s i ~ ~ ~ " u a ~ i l ~ ~ i a u n 4 u C a u
4. u u a n i s ~ a s ~ m u u a : u f i " u ~ ~ ~ i a u n ~ u ~ o u

I. ~namzkalduas3~niaun~uC0u
1.I Aiv6iiii "Minority group" l u n a i u n u l u n l ~ !&bri
u '%wn~uGau''
'n$ln'nsaunso.smn?a muhtiwusnunn u n ' u ~ i u ~ u i'Majority
iil group" l u
naiunuiuniai'ho Tin V' IA n i u h a n 'ndunsaunsor rnin n6uBnha"
1.2 aunduhu in~iJuJryniriJnud ~ u n i 7 u5smawn~uhuv(Minority
bsrawizIu~oJ"uda~i7u
Problem) Iusz~uiguos~iiauyndsz~p1~1 ~s~~~u~nIsniftia6
b: d'
(Globalization) Cfaudi~kumuu~~uw"u~n"obInu4iu
nsu ~ry~iaunduriouin~~mniis
n"dwuda:d~:rn~ u ~ d ~ z m ~ ~ 3 s n u 3y~~douuandisn"u~7ubdsnu!"u"ua~
uau
1,387 aun~uriou~9uSrynisv"snu
$sszld;iniiail c<u.sii uaelan ni~FiQ~dnwi
8:
il~niGas~ilu~d~ua"n~~z"~o~n~r~a~n"~snisnszfli~znii.sn"u
(Interaction process) ns
run$uQuutlraun6ul~@
~wnt~ilunisnrzfiiC(ase~an3tw~6s~ubbaz~u
(reciprocity)
 1.3 i l ~ m r u n ~ u c i o u r i l u d s i n ~ n i a & ~ i d ~ d n u d ~ s i n ~ bids:&
au~a!d
tT~nuiiniiait srGuaiQ rrs:a:iYulan wu!$$dbhnmr?"uosn rrw:bsnm:Yuan or
rrmii~n'rbiu~airn~un~5~~inuii~naiu~u~s~
i.4 d u i u o ~ ~ ~ n i a ~ n ~ u ~ ~ u ~find
~ ouaa u
g di ~i u~(1)~ nis
~u~~au
swewliiudu p ~ u u u h 7c (2) nira~nnudiinisnaia6ou1,"11aua~naiu
nisnicadnnu
(3) nisninia d i ~ ~ n c ~ u v ~ s o n i s d i o i m (4)
i ~ n unaiu5mr~Cmitknu driluaCu '

nsnunii mmi n i d n u i riwnuin1.r nisini7Gu.daa~uni~~dnu(r0ua33m:

~iriwmau+u) r g o a i ~rwi~"u<
d9
.IR.I (5) n a i u ~ a r r ~ ~ m ~ ~
~ ~
d sr u
nisoiQw
~~ ~i i o
u

(6) ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ I , I , ~ d(7)
~ ~i d ~~ 1< ~ i~ ' aN ~6] ~ N ~ l ~ ~ l d

2. A ~ I U H U I U~ I ~ I ~ R nqw8
? I U ~aun~uriouu~r~ly~iaunfiu~ou
2.1 "aun$u~ou(Iuuo' i d n!A: Minority group) n$unu $cpnfiivlun
dhu?uriouniinJsrainsdauan@ ndiaiio ~Suniu
~auuuian~~dauuodd~rainsii
dou U Q ~ ~ I U ~ P7 ~ G~on
~ J ~ L U ~ ~ ~ I J Q ~ F ~ ~ B J ~ Qaun~uG'oulutdnuii~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~
4
'' d
R'naolrvPsewitat tnw'unirn'?~raoail $ ~ a i RRAIUI Yi3oKnwmrouq n i ~ Y a u ~ s s u j

d r ~ u ~ a u u i i i i ~ ! d o i n a u d a u ~ ~ @ Iu~~nudd~n?niri(~aCunadufuw"us"~i~
uo~~~nu
L & ~ R ulnwuii aun6urinumno~~uaiurdgnr~ua6ufirrst!6?unisdQun!irdir~uu
P OQ

Cununduln@"(na~w6auaniu,wouiynsuR'wriRjnu?weri, 2524, n c i 166) Qin

naiunuiuh~GurJuBiu?unii'anir us:n~iu!ir~iriuud~ai~n~~innaiur!ua~ufi
d
2.2 n ~ d l o m n y n s u u n ~ Kuaun~uiinu
~n~ nuiuiia n6unwnuisi
mwi
nunit IauijqiinRjn"u9m"r~riilsr%naiutBuui jwri(uan'unaiurdoni~~1iaui
r$oai~qsr d~iluodic~iuaCu
ustinaiu~niin~umuinaiurrmn~i~I~bdao~ii w
oinrun~u~ndl'(otsb
cudc;s ~ J R Jrou!.nsfEil
2526 nrii 314 L!U u?r~nuiin'

nl: Encychopedia Britanica 1964) ~ ~ u n ~ u ~ u d ~ ~ i i n ~ j i l ~ i n a u n ~ & ~ ' b ~

2.3 uAfla6 (Henry P.Fairchild) mn(uriou l'riluns:uaunis+i
iolumu d ~ u n n h ~ n!siuisaunin
it (oqsb K u d c p 2526 nGi 314 d i d a d Fairchild)
2.4 uGa5u LJIW&~JJ
aun~alioun u i u t i ~
dd a
uniuaunu~aoa7it niw
RW
II uuu~ssur<uudsrrwG n ~ i u r ! i ~ fuandidd~inawhdnd"uo~dstrn~~~
i~
(oqsi Kuilsr!s 2526 &JRJ ua'ncu yjwrJ'mJ)
 2.5 u F B J ~ ~ ?91ba6Qi
~ L M ~ bra: bu'Ylbbuu (Kammeyer, Ritzer, Yetman)
~ - ~ m q ~ o c i l ~ ~ i a u n ~ u C a u r6iiiran~m
i n~ ~ i n r b a(race)
i~ uaer6uan'un~iwif
(ethnic) naiuiiuwic&icii~nuiI~~n~.M"
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....
n.rounmc r~un~udn'ou~iisai
a Oq
fi~nssuiic (Kammeyer, ihwan 1994, nCi
q....~rar~G?unisr~ondguaoinaundu~nnJ
281)
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0,

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hv
-d
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n u n i l auntjulnqj &unuuerndnn'Llr2n ~sio%uiu!iiiu & u d s C ( ~ i ~ y ~ u n ~ i u ~ u w " u d
.rtniwaun%uCoun'ua~n~ul~nJ
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A'
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r*orfiyna"w8 ~oeniun3ounsoc(dominant group) (Kammeyer, h w ? n 1994. ~ $ 7

281-282)
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ZcY d
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o b ! d ~ ~ b b d a rionianai
~~9
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r d ~ e u l d n i a k n i i a d a u r ~ ~ n d i c a i u I ~naiu&w"u~atniicaun~uKcniia
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(1) qirnduynDI uoc$c~o~ilied~n8n
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~aobasaun~aoS~nnuinianie~wunaau
(2) Taunaau ~nijoob(1)
b d A
(3) na7u~unnIJi~nqwa
1u;dt.t.u~
(n) onft (LWn' 16u : prejudice) uae
 ("u)
d u u dw P -
n i s ~ ~ a n n s n u n n a ~ n ~ o n i a ~ ~(?ian:uutbu'r%u
nnllg~m :
discrimination)
,PC.d
(4) nia~"andgum~~~fiwginn"Prunt
P PC.d
(5) ni3~~ondgumnbfim~in~n~1J'udid
6)

i d d i d 1 R j n l i i a ~ a u ~ a(3)
~ i t(4) (5) b~u?mb&~u"~
W&JIMI T~OIV~L~~~~~LLUUUBJ~~~
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i a ~douluiloCuniuusn
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arnii~<uwid%nu (nis-iauio n i a ~ b i t f uniai7auEd niad?udsu ~ ~ a r n i s n h n a i u )
o i f i ~ i un i s r l i a i u f i ~nisi7uld n i d l i o o n (nisrbunonn) n i m m d d u l i ~ 6 unsruaunis
~aunauniiu
nisfliaiua"7d (bEnbn00 bu' b%u;(Extermination) M
o; buuonl"b6 (Genocide)
F i n ~ O u n i s n c r l i s n i i ~ n ' u ~ i ~ Z ~ dn~u6 s a < u n ? i u u ' n ~ ~ k huauni+lmaJndu
n s s u n s o ~ n ~ o n u i n w ~d ~ j ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ n i s d ~ ~ a o ~ ~ o ~ n ~ u n u d d i i u i ~ d i ~ 9 ~
n3ounsotfinaundurioII (?afiuu ID' !u+ booju : William 0'Brien) i a b i u u l o ' hi'
PI

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f . w g 2
u i d h u lrjiioz~ilun%uaiGdstbwm
a i a w u ~b ~ ~ ~ ~?ondumimmi~'
i 6 i (Kammeyer, <u
wan 1994, tsci 306 $idtt 0'Brien 1968 ~ $516)
1

~ u u o n k 6luoffm b%uidnngnis& s t n i i t d n.m. 1935 - 1945 uiBv!iau

uimn$uai?ta u ~ t n ~ u r u d t ! i a i s (non4ryan)
~u ~ d 8dQ
u (Gypsies) u i n n i i 6 a"iu
nu u d c ~ n m ~ ~B unn~? d u o f i n i+ n i l ;usu9 4 (Burandi) nduinzwa ym8 (Tutsi) d
~p ( ~ u t u )iidstains<ousr 85 t d roo,ooo
d s t a i n ~15% r i i a w i n n $ u b u i n ' a w a
nun (diu3iuatb~ua%u(Kammeyer, <uwan 1994, I461 309-310 $ i d f i t Le marchand
1975) Iu~:ur ~ ~ n ~ o ~ n i ~ y n ~ n l ~ n~ ol wnu w ~ i ila u i ~ l 6~ ~ui n ~i a an uiw ~i w ~ ~ ~
dsia
3urGuu~~ms$umiu~~u4iuauuinfftn"EIBfimunGn"El2u~iuu~~m~ii
uiu~Guu~~m~~mno
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~ R J A ~ ~ ~ ~ (Maori) ~ ~ h -j a ~S ~ ~~ a u$WLUL~%J
6
w s ~ r r ~ 6 ~ u n i ? n ultailiwniV
i~'u ~ u ~ a l ? n a u w i m u n c d ~ ~ u a i ~ i ~ ~'1a9
u~ot~tnqw
n u 6 4
ni~~~nii~~Wdal~~nionimwun~mua
 --

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f d
niminaunjuriouoonoinwuw n r o u n r o ~ v a ~ n j u Q n h an'i r i h k d - ~ u u n a a n ~ i l2u
Lbuu uni3u'Yki'bfluf159 n'El n i ~ ~ ' b d n i J ~(Kammeyer,
~8J" r%w?n 1994, 308
EYG,IJ simpson and Yinger 1985 %GI 19-20) n i N i i l i l nu ~ r ~ ~ i l u n i r l . a " i i u i o ? ~
bdu w ~ r 6 i u i ~ n i ~ nn%
n i rd i m &&odic dr:~nclwn% d-r;lnn-rsrwd 19 cult4
e4' '
w
ad

nuarurnu~ao~iui?iu~6uu rrnji~~~~~ia~ban
~ilu~uoinrnra"oboan~o~b~lj~ifi~~16dil~
n&A 2 w m i i o ~ o ~ u i n i n C a r n u 4 4Bnli~$iuI~~wswl~a~Iueiiufin~u
u
~ l n i u n i ~ ~ u I i w i ~ 6 '~UuniriuGiFiU&~fiSnirii~
au q 6i1lv7~~niiauji
b i l u l d h u ~ f l n r aa~~vf a wuw bdu f~u~a~i~uini~6Cniubd~bbm~~bau6
d u w ? nu m d
0 . 0 .

gndulGawew~$~ldoi~uluoi~iCnuosuini(
a~?l?gniuu~nunjmcar;1s~~zwi~6'au
l ~ i l l t 6 ' ~ 6 u ~ u ~ i uluq~n~asiu~n~an~sil,mniwl~s"auaa"~~Bu
il~~so~ Gdiuio~niiaqhd
a t i u a a n l ~ u u j ~ u 1 ~ 2 - r r i l l ~ u o w(refuge)
u w ~ ~! ud ~ g d ~ n *~~R~ Vd ~
nirldoan (bonRng8 %u:~xclusion) n?oni.nsunoan "b~un?iu6aCfsn^mnn
ddw
n i m ~ r i i o i o o a n u i ~ y d vnir
u~uuiud~saanissouiunjunuaaum.nusii~nir. ~~
f i i ~ u a h u ~ u uwr~"iuius.u"ioind~rswcl61~
fo~ q h n ? u ~ u l n ~ d s r~io!ljl&?u
~n~ hu
uli9 (lna'nz:quota LRLI .jldu "~LIuIUYDJNM~~~

bbarunbhauq 3 R.R. 1965" (Kammeyer, n " ~ ~ ?1994,

R.R.

n nor'i 313) ni5nfl"~uuu9nu

(a:
dd --
5 R.R. 1924
1917 fh6~a.a'

rwm'%u:~~pression)~aansii9ldain niafiiwiuhs niaCukissarnidin on a; "~ilu

r n l u d u a u i u (nirGo$o~) lnrnAuriou uR~5aunduGaiolniluuiui ( w i ~ )URL~~IMUR
d ad
d i u n r i d ~ d n u l ~ a ~ ~ u iin'n
r z ~ u' i~i % ~ W J U W J \ ~ (Kammeyer, ikIw?n 1994, nrii
&siu &nuwiw (Slavery) rrT99lerwls
312) b~u~ruuuosn-ri~~zjbpilb~UaJn"u~u~9n9~
dd , 4'
Garhn?w U G'nuni~l~Y
I ~ ~ ~ X I ~ I W P ~ ~ U W I W ~ ) ~ ~ ~ I 'u&f f '~s ~n u~ o~~~u i~h~ I ~ W I R

~ n ~ ~ n ! d ~ R ' ? ~ l ~usininoisfiuu
n p ~ ~ i c J i i u u s ~a n d s z l u d r i k n d o ~&wu!&in
l u gd uuuuo~nisfimuan~oa~d~41~~1
n u ~ i a s o i ~ f i o u n u~?on.rfinid.a"~srwiu
h
C(dnnglau~-rldllurlat~wc16i~~~~riu~~ul~nC(mu oh^ n~mn:duuj~u1Rirri uiinP
n?osatu o r w i i n k (Apartheid) ~ u ~ a f i n &
i l ca ~ u n i r ~ i ~ ~ ? n ? o n i r ~ ~ i ~ u u n a ~ a i ~
~ ~ ~ f l ~ n 1 3 ~ ~ ~ i b b ~(separate
~ b b f idevelopment)"
~~bUn (Kammeyer, f h ? n 1994, M<I

312) (deviled
~~olaunl3k~d~Unk~?dn c 1 ~ ~ )and
9 rule) &reuu&Jn(ii?fiil$nuqi?ii
d i u i r (yniiiw) r ~ i t a n u l i ~ u t ~ m u p ~ u n ? w ~ i n85
~ i di ~~ f~ai ~
i ani ot n 15
sr ~ u o ~
(69%) (Kammeyer, n"uwan 1994, M ~ I 312)

r i i ~ ~ ~ d n u b g u M d d b(Homogeneous
8~7 society)
lu$~nuo~u'an'Pmaruauniaw
aunaun4ui 2 ~ruanaiufiaWo (1) niadaYerG?dlvY
una
lu'7n'wr6n"u?'wru~~auobuTn"u
(bbodlna <udoalun:Anglo-conformity) (2) n i a ~ ~ ~ a l ~ r n u
uod'~~u%l~bba:iwunam
( b ~ ~ ~ d ' ~ ~ ~ Pot)
: ~ e4196j
l t i nb.Ui6auKu
g
ain (1) niads"erCalos'bu'cin"u!6n'uiwunaaua~Gn"PrgR"aoniada"YGalvY~u"75uau
n i d ~ d(~ng~o-conformity)u2wo !rYuauu~~iudii~ s i l ~ w ' u s " a ~ u G ~ u ~ ~ a " w u n a a u
e 4 w
bGu ~ ~ : ~ ~ U ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % M ~ ~ (Kammeyer,
~ I ~ H ~n"uw?n
M " ~ 1994,
Q ~ ( X I ~ ~ O P
wa. 2
M ~ I 313 d i d f i d Cole and Cole 1954) idmab?uubiluea2[aaru

h u B bur
visnn~unaaunao~ c # o a u n d u h u f i o n ~ u I $ n a a ~ ~ ~ ad<n~otuouiu
ad
iwwnnuuodn(unaap1naod ~in&~nia!6?unisd j n 9 i n % n u banbiu ndu
naoumod(Kammeyer, n"uwan 1994, M c i 313 & d t d Newman 1973 MI!?. 53)
a. d'
duuium"~nriiario'b~~iian~iu~~u~u~d~~ub~u?nuudu$dm
~rdvnr=dlu?n"w~ilunia
unmua~iwu~uuamun~uGou
q i n (2) niawawmu~iGw'ud~~a:iwumau
(The Melting Pot) n5iun"u (1)
u c i ~ l l m u i u g ~ ~ a u oa~uni w
imw n r u&L+I unit ! omiGw"u6 4 4
J~Gunaiuu~nciisu
u ~ n d i ~ ! d ~ i n n i ~ ~ u ~ a ~ ~ b u ' i n " ~ a " w u n a a u u ~ d n ~ u n~I~WRUFIRIU%I~
a~unaa~~u~a
u a . 3
w"ua"~ionia~aou~~i6aun"uua~~wusrsu o i - a ~ u ' u u ~ i l q a imu
ln
uA+B+C = D" n h a A a A B ua: c 1 3 1 ~ i a u n ~ a u u a d n ~ u m u 6
didn'PrUia~~bfi6~un'prU (Kammeyer, n"uw?n 1994, ~ f 308i &dfid Newman 1973
aa. U c l
63) Ill<udiu" ~auuda:aimwun~aeud
k t u buaGds won 'odliunhuq I
ud d'
atiorunnuduinun"u~aunitm~~iiaumud~~at~uau~~auu
uiauaoaounaiu
o ihi l~l r i i a u m a u D (8) &bod
sio~nimo~knu
 naruauniawwunaun~u(Assimilation) GaCu no5mou
miu~ruanaiu6mvo~
-2 e 6d a
(1964) viiup~nuii n a : u a u n i a w 7 u n ~ u n ~ u I x i l i d a i n ~ n i a m ~ ~ n ~ v ~ b ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 0 L i i ~ ~ ~ o a
Ian7 usi~na:uauniad~&ui~ndua~o~d6i$i~2 nasuaunia Go (1) na=uaunia
waunaa~n6~.bwi~a'wu~aau
({~*LTQ:LPTR a=%g~Gba'G~:~u~tura~
Assimilation) n%
na=uaun~ad?u~~uu~~wuTa~l~aau
( ~ p , ~ ~ ? b a ' ~ u : ~ c c u l t u r abtt.ai: o n(2)
) na:uauni5
~Aunaun;~ W I ~ ~ I T ~ R % ~ (Hw?~~'L"IIo:?€~O : % u ~ b ~ ' ~ ~ : ~ t r u c t uAcculturation)
ral
(Kammeyer, i h a n 1994, M ~ I 314 $iJfiJ Milton Gordon, 1964)
d
(1) ~ i l u n a r u a u n i s n r u nJO
na:uauni.rw~unaunl'~b~i~Twu~aao~~"aa ~ uglo0x1
or or d
h o ~ a w i : i i Q o u naiubas niui ua:
suaoluaaauua~n~una~una0~bba"a~u~7,n6iu
wt-$naausiic 7 u d ~ u n ~ u ~ u 0 i u a u u i n ~ ~ ! ~ m u i a n ~ ~ a u i a u 7~ iId' ~~nu!u~6ii~
oriir5da:Zniniw 6h.h~ ~ ~ i l u ~ l i(2) i dna:uauniaw~unaun'lum~lns~~ii~CI
v o ~
a
&&~rlm~iilhdwiaun'un'u(r ) 4 ~ n . r z u a u m a m u(2) bfinuu~Jasidnisncviiat~i7~
n or ~drr
~ u n i ~ f i ~ u a ~ n ~ i ~ " ~ ~ u ~ i ~ " ~ ~ i m ~ u ana:u7unimiu ~ iil~ T ~ u ~ a a u s i
~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (2)
u
d n o r
2 i?u iio n.na:~auniawrtunaun1u~i~Ina~~a"i~~ud~u~f Mbri n i s 6 n u i i ~ ~ i ua
nw
d Pn I

ijniana:~ia:wa'i~nYuu a~a:Gnaiu%n~8uiauwu~ luuwmi~ q s l o ~ k a u(saubsiim-lniw

b
P . W U d U
nirauaw) ~ ~ u u ~ ~ i b hna~uaunia~~n6jia"IIudi~"II16ilwu~
~ i ~ n i a anuflnoniwrbmneii~
(u ( d i u a i o a r ~ d u m l uKammeyer, 6uwan 1994, nlii 314) (v) na:uauniawRu
b n o r
naun8uni~ka~ -
H%J$~V$UQS ~ ~ u n ~ a d a : a i u ~ h n i ~ n ' u v o ~ " ~ ~ uuuu'ld
di~~imwu~
~ G o ~ n i r a n ~ l v nqw8
a l n w i a o ~ h i s n i ~ n i ~idouuiu
~ i l w n i ~ n i a ~ i ? o a n ' u oni iiw
~ ~ i i u u n i o n i i i u(9aV
u ~ t a W ~ : ~ ~ u r a ~ i~si rl n
u )n ~ w ~ 6 e o u i u n a i u ~ 1 ~ i n ~ 1 a i u ~ i ~
i w u a n u ~Jirn?lu~~aaJni~iun"uni~bLi~bb~n
(bdw:n8 f i ~ ~ : ~ e ~ a r a t b~unqt+~
ism)
diinaiudoii ~ i ~ l u s r s u c l u m n ~ i ~ ~ u ~ i u i f n o ~ ~ 7(coexistst,.
u<uI< 4~iiauuu
&.a'
(Newman, 1973) 1<7~13'1.7"iiA+B+C = A+B+C n J u A B 1LRt C I%bbfi "IIi6$ui

C(a@au"'uknu wauo~rn~uiraun'unjn6jia= A+B+C 4 ~ t d u d n n n ~ n i s d i

hi11
n o r
m ~ o m b ? n'
iu
# I

q & n ~ i n ~ i ~ w u s r ~ r r u o ~ ~ u b ~ u 6 b n t l 1 ~ u"(Kammeyer,
nt$I"IIlRrt~~rnJ
nduaiArJ"udvii~7
w?n 1994, nJi 315 d i p & Newman. 1973 r n l i i 67) dodsaunitmu
t:
n i ~ k n irtncn?iuumnciw
n q a f j w y l u u an'o~~a51?iuonn~ulunifna2:vti~r~ii~n'u u
mtiauusrau ueimuiano?aquni!n'
-
(coexist) niu~da:mw~iiu~nunuanwm:ni~
da-

n j w u l n ' o i n n u d i w i a u i E i ~1.200
ni.ndo~~:~waw~ii~~ilubbuu~i~3n'u~

niaslb"6dniiabau "niab~~nonn"
~"aniabbeisbbun(Separatism)

a -
ni.sueierrernoll"aniarrernson (b.ndw:ba'
sd
G%u: separatism )
d ~ i u 3 n ' u m i ~ u i u s : n ~ i d on4u
n~usinwuanw~irnuin'~i!a"6~~on~nwslb"
I

n u 6-2 A' w a l
a i a w ~ a l a w u i ~ i u i i ~ i i~~~~u?ua~ d ~ G u u o ~ ~m' 1i1 wa a1i a~ d i ~ " 1 1 i u a m i a u ~ ~ n i ~
G n u ~ w a w ~ i ~i o~ ~ t n i x iIj a
o d~ ~ u i u i ~ ~ ~ I T ~ ~ i w u a an iaa 6u~~n~d i~7 n
C a~~ai lau u
wdA d -
n i ~ i n w i ? ~ ~ ~ ~ m n ~ ~ S n ~ ~ n ~ a u a m.+iauraauv
a a u I u n ~ u(subculture)
~ o u i 44
riluiauumaauuo~uoyiYanuls(subsocieties) &adid oyknud&ad!jljddoyiwuaaau Iu
i 9 ' 9 ~ ~ ~ b u !6kn'
'sib (Amish) i h b W o f l ~ 6 (Hutterites) bb~:ai%Gn Bag (Hasidic
Jews) ~ i l ~ 6 u
niu.jndi3w l a uw ui~iuinwi!~t?d
ui~iu~nwibon~nwdnida'auaaau
m t s n u ua:xniiqii~iawi, ~ n u u u n o ~ ~ i l u r i n c i ~ u ~ u k n u d ~ " udi ~f n~j u w
i ~~ijo~

niser ouiu ( u o n ~ ~ ~ ~~cce~tance)uRmla6d

~ ~ u a : LQ~J (uon* n? LoaauG:

Acquiescence) (8uuou u o u i i i l d o ) b i l u d ~ n i o a u n u o uaou?uamuniwsii

niiaiudauniubtjrii~uan ~ ~ ~ u o u ~ v i a u n ~ u ~ c t ~ ~ d i u i o ~ ~ 9 ~ o n i a u o u ? u ~ u ~
niatuuou~3onisi;J~w ~ ~ ~ n & ~ i l u ~ ~ i ~ ~ i l u ~ ~ ~ n ~ : w " ~ ~~ idl uo n a ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~
d f i n ~ o i d ~ ~ u t ? ~ l i ~ ~ ~ a ~ nui~a ru~oiuui~u n ~ n i a d o" i&hdun n g n i . i f i d x m
m i ~ o ~ u i n i n i ~ a on
d 1i r~ o ' n ~ 1 $ ~ d ~ ~ # u ~ 1 t 4 ~ n ~ l 9 s " n " U ~n~hbu~ h~ f i n " ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ a n
3:uu3sror: tio ~nu6ignCno$u~iut~a"Ul.a"nu
YTI ulilw y n 1960-1970 i1a-nR-a
u 3 - 1 nu6i~:~~u~iniaRnuia:~ufiqqibon
ui~K~~.a"diuiouind~~n'unukaii
n i j ~ ~ n ~ 6 a(Kammeyer,
iun n'uw3n 1994) hi3uou?ufidlduuu$uq bdu nlauou?u
nlgn w ~ u n a u n " ~ ~ i t r a " ioaar ui ~a a ~ u
 m.rdoii?w fi%?'lfiuI: Resistance) LLar n i ~ k w % l y (noudsou~n'
~~i
dm. 8

h:confrontation) d f i n ~ u i m s e i n ~ ~ u o ~ a u n ~ u G o u n u m s r ~iludijnPsui!ri
un~u~n~
uouilaniumweiic 7 d a u n ~ u l n ~ r i i n u n liinsiu$auu
d ~ d unnissau.inir~Cja
d
eio6iu (boycotts) nisds:fid (strikes) nisns:dinaou6?ungnuiu (legal action)
~ a n s s u r n d n i a ~ f (political
h~ activities) nii[%~dauds:6adbbuu!i7ubbsd (nonviolent
b b Y ~ ~ 7"
mass protest) a?u~dnid~?$~ubbad 1 9 (Kammeyer %w?n 1994, n f i 317)

h u a u n d u l n ~ a a S i n i s e i i d7 ~ A o n d . ~ B ~ a n i u Ln iRw ~(status quo) Wonisiidiuia

unPeauniucou q n ? ~ ~ l ~ u & l ~ ? $ n i ~ u l (murder)
m n ~ s u~dd3~aiw"m.M"
(lynching)
gn^anisrionisiiu (terrorism) n m k n a i y ~ o s r a s(harassment) nis<dniia$dwaldau
dw or dor
n ~ u G o u a i a o l u i i hl l a f i % (African Americans) &dcin~<unin~onnsnunnaJn i s
u i ~ ~ ~ u n a i n u u u a r s u ~m
G au -uj n i i < a u o u 5 u s z u u a a s m z (caste system)
~8ua~urla~1uiaulu
n a i ~ ~ m a n w20d (n.R. 1950) u ~ :n.H. 1960 ~ r i u l u i s ~ u o j i ~ b l a u
mn~aein6iu
D-RI U
U
II L ~ Q ~ K
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(Civil Rights Movement) wanissiibi(Uni~n~nufi2sii<dniia~ ~ 1 I ~ a u n i u r i n al u
iu7
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d ' A '
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m ~ ~ u ~ ~
or ccP
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lul Cuw-an
a 4
1994, ngi 319 UR: Gonzalez 1991) " n i s M r r M f o ~ l 5 M ~ n d ~ 9 (DL?OLI'
~ly~l

lh4I:~voidance) as:nimouni (?a'naofis:~ithdrawal) < m L h d f j ~ u i u o d a u n $

drr or
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d w u
I o i a (Irish) dow t l w ~ u i m ~ o r u i n ~ ~ ~ i19
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n i n ~ o ~ ~ r y n i r ~ u lGuri
u ~ a l a"nini~~~unmin(rii~vlin
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PI q~ $ (1)
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n n (soviet
i w l ~ ~ union)
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bbuunouiiaiia6 Gd 10 9 u ~ ~ ~ ~ I u I ~ ~ R ~ I J ~ ~ ~ I ~
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I
uinulu (Kammeyer, ?%wan 1994)

3. a i ~ ~ q ~ ~ a J ~ w i a u n ~ u c i o u
...... lu~jnu~iiJ~ni~~uan"unaiu~uw"udwi~~PoaiEi
uilwuiiauniu~auan
CI Pq

o ~ I u ~ i u : d r ? n % nua~ r l ~ ~ u n i ~ d g u a l i ~ v i i ~ ~ u u n " u (wouiyn.iu&n'

PI nun~ulp9~~~
~ ~ n u ? w aGusiaGmGauaniu
ui 2524, nGi 116)
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~nisinrji~u$arknit
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a nW" u
f ianltaun$dinjm
i ~ w " u b " ii'u urunAulioun
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i i ~a:l6Tuninlondgunoinaun$uln@ ...
P .Q
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.....q
# A' a
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i du 6 d n i s ~ ~ ~ ~ o n i 3 n ~ n ~ d R u ~ f i ~ n i ~ r y ~ i a u
'
PI

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dd cr
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didudrtu-un~ii~n"u~fiiniia(-di no ~wdrtuun~Cfwiuuk"
(The
only good Indian is the death Indian)
a d d O I P
d5rbn~buosuuu~uuambnoa"bau~di
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Y
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a i l iin & n r l w n ' u d ~ ~La~awir1uuniwnilu"n

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a:
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Y
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a - 6
type) ~ i / o ? ~ o s ~ u b $(race)
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;
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0,a 'a'
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~diwic@n~nw~ilu~uinaid (ethnocentrism) r i w~ n ~ G ~ ~ n n ~ i u r ~ i ~ ~ u ~ ~ u n i a n a ~ i i
8:
x n i i ~ n i c m ~ % nhumwi:
u nia~~iduir
i(~i!d~n~iu<nu&~~s:n~auniulatjanr.au

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u~il~&nu$w~w&un
(Amish) &IbnofkJfi (Hutterites) F I % ~c 2 6 (Hasidic Jews) l o % (Irish) lu?dlod
6.d ad

oyg~nu(subsocieties) h u n i ~ i i d ~ G u u n n ubawi:~un~uundnu
u Indon'usuniu
k q / ~ i i f ( i i ~ i ueiuiilrilGYuniauou~uainaun~ula~
lu
qnmMn33u 3115 R.R. 1750 ~ : ~ n ~ ~, ~ n ~ w b
d ~ ~ ~ u ~ n ~ i ~ a ~ I u n3:oiuiiau
i i d7 l u n i d q l - n l u ~ r ~ u u m w i a iubsdow
a uwb$i'bdkd6uIiu mfibdu luobu?nsm~rriio
( ~ v l % ~LLrR:LLCIUIRI) oa~bm3bd
LI ~ ( ~ $ L L R L
w~~ U&
d
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uonbMholnb^su
3ddi~ (mdney) bRsos$n3 (machine) n13
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i~ UR:DIRIR (marketplace).
ordle
~ ~ o t o ~ ~ u l ~ i u i n i ~ ~ ~ i ~ b d u n i ~ ~(mass
~ m Rproduction)
f i a ~ ~ ~R i? ~I ua~ ~u~uJ ~i InT
?R?WU U A : ~ R I R L ~ U A ~ L M ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ P ~ I lunidybad
~ M " ~ ~ ~UI?JMI
~ ~ R ~ R ~ ~ ~ M ~

oimilicnu ~7nd.1:~nndiou1n ( n i ~ n l n 3 u ~ : n i - r ~ Gno ~i i) d i a u ~ . ~ ~ j o I u3 n d

~ntoimi~~uOsriol~~fi~~nia~uo~a~n$uu'ou~'~a~~n~xI~~~~iu
4. u w ~ n ~ ~ i l o ~ r i u u ~ e u ~ ~ i T ~ ~ i n u d 1 ~ 5 ~ 1 o s ~ ~ ~ u ~ " s o n ~
ncmi$uriou
~ n i a : h n q n b ~ n i f i ? m (Globalization) db8n ~ a f i o u ~ i l u ~ @ ' i(Global
u
village) \u~:~u@~&-~niw
(Solar System) nim~n~d~~~~~irucii~a"~~~
~ ~ J ~ l f l l J64;~
lfl ~ U ~ I ~ ? W U % ~ U ~ J L ~ U ~ ~ M I " U(TfI?t?j)
O J ~ ~ Q Y ~ ~ ~ J ~ U
 4.1 ~ i1) i~I ~~Ob? ~¶2hl d~ ? ' W ~ b % 3 3
d ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n i ( ~ ~ ~ b b n " a 2O1l n~~ ~~ R

au? I&ri (1) uu?d I ~ i l u u u ~ d n u i u d l a ~ l(Ujiiu)

ani~ ~~OUVIJ~UILSJi i u u l h
u ud d
u~ilu(&ry'l(civilise) c i i u h n ? i u q i i u (savage) ua:ili
oRa IaI~?uuu;na~~nnutoJii
I , bifou (Barbarian) uibltk IGL~~JLIU~U (n) bLanW?n (Segregation) (v) ~laludi~
(Extermination or Genocide) (n) ~ n f b l $ a i u u n (expulsion) (9) L ~ L ~ J L ~ U ~ G U ~ ~ W
(Separation) (01 oimiiinu (Colonialism) (2) u u ? d 2 ~ i l u u I u 1 ~ i u ~ u u ? a ~ 3 ~ a i u ~ ~ n
u ~ R ' n n ? i u ~ a u o n^Rniuywuau
l a ~ uma : ~ i l d ~ u u u a u ~ u l u ~~~w~nY: 8' n in ILR:!J
r
Ihri d a u i o (n) s3uw-m (Integretion) (v) uauwsiuail$ua"
l%'ani.r~~uupu.r~
(Amalgamation) (n) ~ Q U ? ~ ~ ? I ~ M A I ~ M ~ I U (Cultural
~ ~ ~ ? Pluralism)
' W O C B ~(9)~ U
wau
naunGu (Assimilation) (~lmi013Gnin?aicv'~nu?nui
2538)
4.2 b ~ ~ ? ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ 9 n i ( ~ ~ ~ L f l 9 1 f i ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~URUU:LM~O
1 9 ? ' W ~ B 3 3 ~ ~ 1 ~
4
.
n'uw?n r~uuu?fiw l ~ n ? ~ u ~ ~ a " n i ~ b ~ o a(race
i ~ band
~ iethnic
w ' urelations)
~ 'll~

ni~cv'iwtu(social interaction)
biluuaui%innianac~ia=:~ii~n'u &onr:u?uni3ni~
&nu (social process) ~ s ~ = : ~ d(reciprocal)
i ~ r h ~ ~ ~ i : ~ ~ u n ~ : u ~ u n i ~ y
(two way process) fh6 ~ u u n ? ~ u i i u w i a " ~ i l u n " ~ nniwh5'u
i a ~ ~ u ~ ni
oaGmuC4 n i 3
d't
dbdnc uamiswsunaun8u ~ n w w k n d i ? r ~ m ~ u n ~ ~ u b b 6 5 = : 3 r ~ i i ~ a u n ~ u ~ ~ ~ b ~ a = :
nturion U U ~ R~ n ~ i u ~ u ~ i ~ n n 7 ~ 1 4 a a~iu~nLi c
~~i ia~~' nu i~( ~ a = : ~ m n " a V ~ ~ y \ i a u i i ~
h u a s 3 u n lhri (n) n 1 3 f i l a l u k ~ (Extermination or ~enbcide)(v) a d (Expulsion)
d
nidd ( 5 ' ~ )oan (Exclusion) (9) n i l (nmu) f~uu'sh(oppression) (-a) nszuauni3
(n)
~twna~n'lu(Assimilation) drna~6?uniadiuRi~$uin'ui6i~u~aau21~9%01n~a1'I~~
(Anglo-conformity) uw:ni~uauum~"di2i$u8~~ar?'wum~'~
(The Melting Pot) (Kamme-
yer, Ritzer, Yetman, 1994)
U ~ ~ Rlgbbri
L.
~ ~ I~ (Milton
~ T = : ~ ? ~ ~ I T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~U F~ J~ ~~ U OQ ~ Q~ ~N Gordon) " U Q J
( l ) n 3 : ~ ? b n 1 3 ~ ~ ~ n a ~ n " n ~ n i 9(Cultural
? ' ~ 0 1 ~Assimilation)
3~] ~?anazu?uni~diu
uuuni~?'wruaa3u (Acculuration) (2) n3zu?uni3u~un~un~uni~'bna~61h9
(Structural
acculturation)
n q w i w y P u u (Pluralism) & R ' I J ~ ~ ~ I U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~(Separation)
I ~ L L ~ ~ L L U ~ ddo
i
ik u m 3 u d u n n s i i t o ~ i ~ u n ' u 1(coexist)
i
d nn
4.3 ud~nim8~~inuo~au+
ni3ufluua=:ilo~nifiq~i6~uni~wu~1~1n'w
b~uacmtn~utun
Biuiouinln~ nni uuLnd i ~ ~ rtox@iuu
n rdu ~ a l u & K u ~ 3 : n i ~ ~ u ~ u n ~ ~ n " u
hriawd3:ain.r
ni~l4'nnlniinn'wuiuilni~ aun6ubd aun~urios d.ringnixiilu
3
d . r n n ~ I ~ d d wi o l uluinuliimi7uaundul~~;dbb~Y6l~
q rwnnao~lui
wua:!
naiu~~n$uulriuciddiun"aoijywa&wuiuui~l%ulu11iuvQnn13
b~uwu~ava~d3fain~

dfnSuinirioGiu (Resistance) rra:ni3ber%un%h (Confrontation) bgu

d ~ n S u ~ v ~ ~ m n ~ u ~ o u u ~ : i ~ ~ n ~ M ' a u n ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~udCnriluld
~n~dfiipfui6~ni~a
~~uudp~n~nii
d f n ~ u ~ n ~ ~ i o n 8 n (Avoidance)
r ~ u ~ ~ ~ ua:nl3nou$a
ni (Withdrawal)
vo~aun$uliou u'nl6~11nllnlswuo~~oulu~1~douu"llnl~~w~~a~oin~un~u'b~~rilusiauui
unriuumrla?; n ~ s & n 6 i a a u n ~ u r i o s ~ d ~ u i ' ~ d o 3 a ~&~4~n3&aial?Ba&!i
dau~i~~~
Zd'Y
~ G a u n $ u ~ n ~ u o u ~ u ~ n indu uuo~6uisuumsuuo~"11un$x1\~@ias
uniw &rdu lu
riJnua~ri6u~5uuuuwy k n u (Plural Society) C ( i d ~ w ? u n i s o ~ i 7 ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ n d l l n l a

oinnisfiGofinwi d ~ ~ n g n i ~ n i i / u ~ r d u i a ~ ~ a u n niulsiRnix
'u~~~~~mu
uancio~~uu~Qo~llio%T'~mublo~
~~~~~dnngn~~d~u~~u"l0)~~o~~"~o?17a
fridid 9 ~ b u u ~ ~ o d n ~ a ~ c p l u rnu~d~~
donuo~nounaiu&dnimo~~u~dad~~oaiabdoc
a Z d P d d c ' d s
\ ~ d u r n p n l s & n r i ~ a u n ~ ~ ~ d(normality)
n6 ~saa~n~du~rud~:~uaurd
~~n:kn~dulna
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C I u t l n n ~ n i s n i(abnormality)
ednii n ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ n 1 3 n ~ o ~ 8 (urban
~b~ub3m
petho~ogy)o i i l ~ u SGMI~~IJ
i 'lu~iio~
(urban problems) ~ U L O d
J ~~~ilUS~niC(tii~oin
cd c a d d Y da
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1 w u ~ ~ ~ ~ : : l ~ j ~~iluGduuu
'~~ui
 5. ilryairuniurinu
~rlC1~35i

Utopia (;In1 ~ i a ) t%nu

5u~~mudi~g;n1w~idnis~dod
L ~ 3 l ) y ~ Yf iAl Y dtTuM3dM?O&CIU
Social abnormality (la' LQA UOUUO~ l i a ~ dn ?) i uRmdnGni~gdnu
Social normality (la' L%A uoi' L G R B ~ ) n ~ i u d n t n i t k n u
Social pathology (la1L%A wrnoa' );a: ~ f l i ' b ? ~ ~ l n i ditinuaildsn
~ d ~ u a'snuflni3
social problems (la' L%A wmu' L~U) n a i u R d n l n i ~ i i J n u~ r y ~ i & n u
d Q4
3
Elite deviance ( L Q z'7ba~"nb)
~ n i . r r u u u u u i tdu e~aryin.r~nenodn
P
1171 (white collar workers) M?ooiTryin3~aouon
0

Labeling (LA' L~~EJ) nisim31 n i 3 l K a i u i

Stigma (afin' ur) 3oeruafiu c l a i u i d u ~msiuid
dd ,
Social reaction (la1~ %%LEIW
a CIA) d ~ n ? u i n ~ ~ &nidCmouni~iiJnununo
nu
~ ~ Z L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L G U M ~ J I ~ ? L
pollutant (wrgn' gun) uafiw umniar &fkii%fs"~ndsn~ o s r i u
f i i l C o ~ n i ~G
&u ~ n d ~ n n 1 ~ g u m 3 i u
f h f i m ~ i n r n u u 6' b ~ d d i urr~ra73~nG
Pollution (wrgn* Cu) naru1un1.s~fii~~b~m~um3iuilinoin1~
r
;
I LEUJ su OIMI~ 989 diw~ioni3

I \
 diriiu$iauo~uyyd
Cultural lag (<a' s.norEa Lmn) n a ~ u $ ~ w i ~ i m p r a sfloiwprnaaua"7
au
n a ~ u i h ~ ariinoinn7adiwpra-m
's 2 darsnn
W o Q w n n u m ~ i m q r Y u i a q iwunaaunw
iclqrYuobq ~ 5 a i w u a a a u m ~ o i ~ q n ' y
oimq~iuuud~~riluldZu~aaiAli~iirYu
Smog (Nuon) Muon (fog) u~u5unTu
(smoke) ~ i l u n T u ~ u o n
Eldery ( L ~ 'LR
mosds) & J o l ~ RUTI~~T~J~HIU
(Third quarter of life)
i ~ il i u i s u n d ~ ~ rnio
a ~ q a m i 50-75 ba
(young old) o i q a z m i l ~65-74 il
Criminal Homicide (n?u' uzrih
sousjilan') oiryinrnlwlnnnu
Crime ( h i ) o-i.nyinaau
Criminal (n?u 'ursca) o7nyina
0, P P

Suicide ( 1 'Elaci) omaprulmnaau n ~ a d ~ g a a ~ u

Homicide Suicide (aou' OIa6 1 ' EIa6) ;)O%~¶JIR~~~U nlawmnasu n l ~ l $ u
riouu$azii~amiumiu
Minority problem (bUo?d naau'biiu) ~yrn~un$u~os
Melting Pot ( b a ~ ~ 'WOW)
ifi~ ~I~~~R~JHRIU~~J.~~~%?~LLRZ?WU~S
i 1 9 6) L ' U l ~ % . J r Y ~

Robert K.Merton ( ~ J L O O bn.

~ Wb~a56pr)
Dahrendof (mi6sauao$d)
Solokin (bCbbR69d)
Karl Marx (ni& ui$rl$)
Kammeyer, Ritzer, Yetman (6iJurawrjo ? w L % E ~ ruwuuu)
Malinowki (ul~pradafi)
Cole and Cole (bna am: 'bnn)
 Newman (c?LLUU)
Milton Gordon (BaCu nkIhIM)
I

nmaouLlaaiuaiui.rn $oaouaruui%nGu
1. asohuiuffsnaiuFuw"u&r~iis"Urban abnormality" "Urban pathologyn
"Urban problems"
oso~ui~w~ouun~?odisdarnou
2. Pollution bba: Pollutant bM~~u~~~~amn~isn"un"3o'bd
fiuyu6w5~oini~~~u"ududt~~niad~%~is
3. riiu~~iu~iu~<o'bin"uciinh?iii
~ m r n ~ n ~ ~ uw~~ U
-
o uuu ~n ~~ ~i ?~w~a id ~~ n ~ u
i
aa
4. o ~ 0 5 u i u f f s f i r y n'om?uuiqn33up u i w o & ~ v d m u C u - r(1) ~num::&ajW
ad d
uodryni (2) n ? i u n u i u ucl:nqugnbns?$ot (3) rnmnquosary~iuer (4)
b b ~ ? u ? n~ h€ul bbn"llIa~M1
l~~ l t
5. ilqa~tdosiitriiddmnaIu~i3i
' 6 k n u i n s i t i i o s w(SO 267) ~riih
riiu~duhu
~3o'bz.I oto'rmiu w i o u u n ~ n ? u s d c n o u

3aaauaauudrGu
1. i l t g M i t f i ~ 3 (Urban problems) On~iu~uiu~dutGu~n'un"u~~t~on1m
(1) ~ R U U U U L ~ ~ D J (Urban
L B $ ~ Pathology)
~
(2) nia::odn6uosbdos (Urban Abnormality)
(3) q n u ? ~ ~ a t r v i l h (The Republic by Plato)
(4) ~ Y D11 t t ~ z2) (5)' r?n$snu~
2. Sql~i~OasOma~ainnK~b1onIm
(1) r n ~ b ~ o s (2) ~ u d s r 3 u u u u t i a r
(3) isu7n8auniuI~~ni?:uuu~ijos(4) Q 1) UR: 2) (5) InR~u~
3. ilpl~itGotw~fl$ilua::Ku~w
(1) x6u;anin (micro level) (2) ~::$illC%Qunin (Meso level)
(3) 3::&uJiY(nin $a I) UB: 3)
(Macro level) (4) (5) g n R ~ u ~
4. ~ ~ a i t i o s d i j m r ~ ~ uninduswuni~iiinu
loln ~dirri~tgaiozl~
(1) ni3wi<amiu (Suicide) (2) oi%tginr3u (Crime)
(3) t i u i u n 3 t f i i $ i t n (Rape) (4) $0 1) UR: 2) (5) Qn$s~un I
 (1) &JOIY (The Eldery) (2) ~~nlnsaun?a
(Family Problem)
(3) i l ~ n i ~ a n i a(Pollution)
- (4) $8 1) uar 3) (5) ;n$dnun
6. S Q M I L ~ Q J ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ; ~ ~ ~ Liriuriilrya-,och
"~OT~U'~W~JCJ~U
(1) i l r & ! ~ i ~ ~ ~ (Family
U f l % Disorganization)
(2) ilr&!v\~nisi?Jrnu
(Unemployment) (3) ilyninaiuuin9u (Poverty)
(4) 3~n1n1s\Q~iiumiwmn13liia~
(Political instability) (5) gn6d~un
7. i l r y n i ~ i j o ~ d ~ i i n a i n 3 ~ C u w i ~
bdY ~ ~t ~r i~3n~ ~
l n~a~~~' hm f

(3) ~rnrirdauInsu 4 2) us:: 3)

(4) (5) pnQnun

9. ~ ~ m ~ G o ~ d ~ ~ n s ~ n i l o C uli'~~ri3qa7ozl3
n~~ia^anu~
(1) I.rn.rzl~1-1~1 (2) nlsulmLLF~RUEIIMI~
ndd
(3) onnnudonu~~otwid~m"a'tli~~i~~wiw'ud
(4) $9 1) LLAZ 2) (5) $?lnCJll~~
lo. i l t - g n i ~ i i s ~ d t ~ n o ~ n i l o ~%'~~riili-pmstls
un~~~~eri~~~
V

(1) oinRu ~ d n
u m f i ~. m(2) QIIIJ-IL~ lt#u~Jjn
(3) sinsu du u~aoi~nun(4) I u 7 (5) gnv?--~ur
11. ~ r y n ~ ~ G e ~ C ( ~ f i n o ~ n i l s ~lailqla7oc\s
un~~~~~~~n~~~~e7s"
(1) ~I~~HI~w~I~"II~'~~L~'ILGoJ~L~~oI~S
(2) niaijd.r:n~n.ruin~Runi~~uo~aouna~u6osn~rua~m~a~da~
(3) Aili'60uw R = ~ I U ~ F )(force) I?i'La'!~nrU~~urh
ni~ijd3-"111n3UYOu
(4) $0 1) L L R ~3) (5) gn$~nun
 (3) nisb;u (4) n13a1u .

(5) ijm~~num
14. sdoaia~Go~~nianstfi~st~ii~n"uw~dgdnu
~n~bo~8nis~p<il~$~lw$uu1~iluGadau
(1) uss~m;lwbbulnCod (Vrban norms)
(2) anluniwsbazuwulw (Status and Roles)
(3) n ~ & $ i u a . a " n ~ d & n u ~ ~ o E n ~ ~ y u ~(Social
n ~ d ~sanctions)
dnu
@a~nldss'aldTfl
(rewards) b r ~ ~ l ~ a (punishments)
d ' l ~ ~

(4) $0 1) bbar 2) (5) sntdwm

15. ussn'n;1usruu~8ot (Urban norms) IdilsrihGonlm
(1) niss<idng (rule making)
(2) nis*nii[%g (rule enforcing)
(3) n13~~$iun~~nunL?Id
(rule transmitting)
w
(4) $a 1)' LLRZ 2) (5) snnj~um
16. un<m;~u (norms) tiSo~ms51u(standards) nuulmC(rioI~?in
fiylr~n"flmario~
(1) Lonulms$lu (single standard)
(2) W?UI~T~JI~ (double standards)
(3) WY~IFI~$IU(Plural standards)
(4) $0 2) bbRZ 3) (5) A R ~ ~ W R
 w
(4) $9 1) bbar 2) (5) ~ n 6 v l u n
18. ~iiosC(iidsr~inauin~fiuld
dsoidi!d~?nqmlubumb~os(Urban crisis)
du
!Gbbri ~ i i l ~ ~ u a n u m : ~ d d m
(1) bonoana (Primate city)
(2) ~naiurilubiosuinrfiu!d (Over urbanization)
w

(3) biios8Ivliuna (Metropolis) (4) $a 1) ha: 2) (5) ~ m ~ ~ v l u a

19. ~s%mn"i%~nimeriu~a~~osb~u'bdbbuunar~u$~
~iuidsnia:'bi$is