Coal boiler exhaust gas flows 7/10/98

Watson coal Normal O2 level (wet)

Feedrate 4.87525 Kg/sec 17.55 tonnes/hr
Heat value 20.04 Mj/Kg 28.6 MW OUTLET GAS
Heat flow 97.7 Mw
Moisture 26.9% 1.3114 Kg/sec CO2
Ash 4.1% 0.1999 " Stoich air 30.48 kg/sec H2O
C 49.0% 2.3889 " % Excess 23.00% N2
H 3.7% 0.1804 " Actual air 37.49 kg/sec O2
N 0.8% 0.0390 " 30.99 m3/sec SO2
S 0.2% 0.0093 " Total ash 0.200 kg/sec 42.15
O 15.4% 0.7508 " Bottom ash 0.1799 tonnes/hr
Cl 0.0% 0.0001 " Fly ash 0.1499 kg/sec
P 0.0% 0.0001 "
1.00094 Urea injection at mole ratio 0.7
and steam injection rate of 0.5%
CO2 emmission rate 89.84773 Kg/Gj Urea usage 0.028 kg/sec
Added H2O 0.277 kg/sec
0.75876446 steam Tonnes/hr
Superheated
Enthalpy of Steam Enthalpy Feedwater Latent heat
164 C Water 462 C, 42.5 bar Rate 15.5C vapor
(kj/kg) (kj/kg) (t/hr) (MW)
699 3354.6 108.85 7.90

Heat Input Combust. Air Comb. Heat Input Feed H2O Boiler Flue
from Coal Air Cp Air Temp From Air Heat input Steam Gas
(MW) (Kg/sec) kj/(kg K) (C) (MW) (MW) Out (MW) (kg/sec)
97.7 37.4931 1.0035 20 0.169 21.14 101.43 42.4589

Percent Pollutant
Power In = 119.00 MW Control

Power Out = 119.01 MW 50% NOx

SO2
Boiler Eff. = 82.19% 99% PM

Notes:
1. Input values are shaded in yellow. Heat value (HHV) and composition come from coal ultimate analysis. Heat flow rate is de
If mass flow of coal is desired basis, heat flow can be adjusted untill the correct mass flow is obtained. The primary adjustmen
Stack gas temperature is set but only within a narrow range of known performance. The feedwater flow rate is adjusted to bala
2. Bottom ash is assumed to be 25% of total ash. Incoming coal is assumed to have 0 enthalpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.
3. Actual NOx emissions are calculated from source test data.
4. Stack is assumed to be 1.9 m diameter.
 Normal O2 level (wet) 3.2%-5% Stack
Concentration
OUTLET GAS mg/m3
mass flow Mw moles vol % Cp (kJ/kgC@5%O2 tonnes/day
8.7781 44 0.1995 13.7% 0.9075
3.2105 18 0.1784 12.2% 1.908
28.8337 28 1.0298 70.6% 1.012
1.6265 32 0.0508 3.5% 0.91
0.0100508 64 0.0002 0.0% 0.646 314.76 0.87
42.4589 kg/sec 1.4586 1.054 35.75
for stack temp 143 oC
specific vol 1.175 m3/Kg Note - SO2 corrected for ash retention of S
density 0.851 Kg/m3

StackFlowrate 49.884 m3/sec 31.45 m3/sec at 5% O2 Oc

+ 5% inleakage 52.37818
Stack velocity 18.47 m/sec
steam Tonnes/hr

Latent heat Sensible heat

15.5C vapor Coal Bottom ash Fly ash
(MW) (MW) (MW)
0 0.0339 0.0149

Flue Gas Flue Gas Flue Gas Radiation Radiation

Cp Temp Heat Output Loss Loss
kj/(kg K) (C) (MW) Fract. (MW)
1.0542 143 13.608 0.033 3.927

Actual Allowed Allowed

Emissions Emissions Emissions
g/s g/s mg/m3 @ 5%O2
#VALUE! 58.0903 1846.8
9.9005 28.3091 900.0
1.1244 1.5727 50.0

mate analysis. Heat flow rate is desired size of boiler in energy terms.
obtained. The primary adjustments are the feedwater flow rate and excess air.
water flow rate is adjusted to balance the power in to power out.
lpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.
MSW exhaust gas flows
USA average
Gross feedrate 3.82 Kg/sec Factor
13.76 tonnes/hr 0.0511689
Gross heat value 9.93 HHV
%C in ash 5.0%
Net Heat value 9.422 Mj/kg
Net Heat flow 36 Mw
Moisture 27.4% 1.0469 1.0469 kg/sec
Noncomb 23.2% 0.8864 0.9781 " Stoich air 12.57 Kg/sec
C 26.3% 1.0049 0.9560 " % Excess 55.00%
H 3.5% 0.1337 0.1272 " Actual air 19.48 Kg/sec
N 0.7% 0.0267 0.0254 " 16.24 m3/sec
S 0.2% 0.0076 0.0073 " Total ash 0.978 kg/sec
O 18.1% 0.6916 0.6579 " Bottom ash 3.380 tonnes/hr
Cl 0.5% 0.0191 0.0182 " Fly ash 0.039 kg/sec
(input) (burned) " Total ash 26% of MSW
Urea injection at mole ratio 0.5
and steam injection rate of 0.5%
CO2 emission rate 92.41749 Kg/Gj Urea usage 0.002 kg/sec
Added H2O 0.116 kg/sec
0.40 steam Tonnes/hr
Superheated
Enthalpy of Steam Enthalpy Feedwater
172 C Water 462 C, 42.5 bar Rate
(kj/kg) (kj/kg) (t/hr)
728 3354.6 30.08

Heat Input Combust. Air Comb. Heat Input Feed H2O Boiler Furnace
from MSW Air Cp Air Temp From Air Int. energy Steam Exit Temp
(MW) (Kg/sec) kj/(kg K) (C) (MW) (MW) Out (MW) (C)
36 19.4846 1.0035 30 0.284 6.08 28.03 1054.54

Percent
Power In = 42.37 MW Control

Power Out = 42.37 MW 40%

89%
Boiler Eff. = 60.96% 91%
95%
Notes:
1. Input values are shaded in yellow. Gross heat value (HHV) and composition come from MSW ultimate analysis. Net heat flo
If mass flow of MSW is desired basis, this number can be adjusted untill the correct mass flow is obtained. The primary adjust
Stack gas temperature and boiler exit temperature are set but only within a narrow range of known performance specification f
temperature is the primary target for the feed water rate adjustment. The furnace exit temperature is the primary target of the e
bottom ash can be set and this will calculate a gross feed rate of MSW such that the target heat flow is obtained from this MSW
of the unburned fuel to the burned fuel. Then 1+ the factor times the burned fuel is the total fuel. The net heating value can be
to evaporate the water in the unburned fuel and to heat the unburned fuel to ash temperatures. The ratio factor can be used to
temperature can be set within reason. Stack gas is raised to 16% moisture by injection of water into combustion chamber.
2. Bottom ash is assumed to be 96% of total ash, i.e. noncombustibles plus unburned MSW. Incoming MSW is assumed to ha
3. Actual NOx emissions are calculated from the AP-42 factor for mass burn refractory wall incinerators
4. Stack is assumed to be 1.3 m diameter.
 Normal O2 level (wet) 4%-10%
OUTLET GAS Cp (kJ/kgC)
mass flow Mw moles vol % at 600 C at 100 C
CO2 3.5065 44 0.0797 10.0% 1.155 0.947
H2O 2.3007 18 0.1278 16.1% 1.703 1.88
N2 14.9896 28 0.5353 67.4% 1.094 1.027
O2 1.6040 32 0.0501 6.3% 1.109 1.094
SO2 0.0145 64 0.0002 0.0% 0.747 0.625
HCl 0.0187 36.5 0.0005 0.1% 0.852 0.804
22.32 22.4153 0.793713 0.7937 1.167607 1.10724
for stack temp 170 oC for boiler exit temp 190 oC
specific vol 1.290 m3/Kg humidification reqd to 16%
density 0.775 Kg/m3 hum water required 0 kg/sec
StackFlowrate 28.906 m3/sec 13.68991 Ndm3/sec
+3% inleakage 29.77346 0.005 kg C/sec for Hg control
Stack velocity 22.43 m/sec
steam Tonnes/hr

Latent heat Sensible Heat Boiler Boiler

0C Vapor Bottom Ash Fly Ash Radiation Radiation
(MW) (MW) (MW) Loss Loss
5.662 0.522797 0.004715 2.00% 0.466
Furnace Furnace
Flue Flue Gas Flue Gas Flue Gas Latent Radiation Radiation
Gas Cp Temp Output Heat Loss Loss
(kg/sec) kj/(kg K) (C) (MW) (MW) Fract. (MW)
22.4153 1.1072 192.5251 10.440 5.662 8.00% 2.903

Pollutant Actual Allowed Allowed

Emissions Emissions Emissions
g/s g/s mg/m3 @ 5%O2
NOx 2.8198 4.1070 300.0
SO2 1.5994 1.3690 100.0
HCl 1.6815 1.7523 80.0
PM 1.9563 0.2738 20.0

W ultimate analysis. Net heat flow rate is desired size of boiler in energy terms.
w is obtained. The primary adjustments are the steam flow rate and the excess air.
nown performance specification for the dry sorbent injection. The flue gas
ature is the primary target of the excess air adjustment. The expected carbon in the
eat flow is obtained from this MSW. A factor is calculated (E4) which is the ratio
el. The net heating value can be calculated by subtracting the energy required
s. The ratio factor can be used to make this calculation. The combustion air
er into combustion chamber.
Incoming MSW is assumed to have 0 enthalpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.