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Contents
History
Classification
National Parks
Natural Parks
Natural Monuments
Protected Landscape
Protected Landscape and Seascape
Protected Seascape
Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuaries
Resource Reserves
Managed Resource Protected Areas
Marine Reserves
Watershed Forest Reserves
Natural Biotic Areas
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Wilderness Areas
See also
Map of the Philippine archipelago
References
External links
History
The first important legislation that formed the basis of the current system of national parks and protected areas in the
Philippines is the Philippine Commission Act No. 648 enacted in 1903 by the US Congress. This act authorized the Civil
Governor to "reserve for civil public purposes, and from sale or settlement, any part of the public domain not appropriated
by law for special public purposes."[3]
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A total of eight national reserves had been established on July 26, 1904 pursuant to this law. These are: Lamao Forest
Reserve in Bataan, Mariquina Reserve in Rizal, Angat River Reserve in Bulacan, Caliraya Falls Reserve in Laguna, La
Carlota Reserve in Negros Occidental, San Ramon Reserve in Zamboanga, Magalang Reserve in Pampanga, and Hacienda
San Antonio in Isabela.[4] In the same year, the Forest Act of 1904 (Act No. 1148) was adopted that expanded the scope of
protected areas in the Philippines.[5] Among the first of such mountain forest reserves to be declared was Mount
Maquiling declared on November 21, 1910.[6]
On February 1, 1932, the National Parks Act (Act No. 3195) was enacted that formally established the national parks
system in the country.[7] Mount Arayat became the first national park in the Philippines established on June 27, 1933
following this act.
A series of acts and legislations were passed in the next decades that aimed to further strengthen these policies, including
the Revised Forestry Code of 1975 (Presidential Decree No. 705) and Forest Administrative Order No. 7. Following the
1987 Constitution, the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act was enacted which further enhanced the
administration and classification of protected areas, and broadened the mandate of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources in enforcing its provisions.
Classification
Protected areas in the Philippines encompass 40,700 square kilometres (15,700 sq mi) of terrestrial areas and 13,800
square kilometres (5,300 sq mi) of marine areas.[1] They are managed according to the following classifications described
in Section 4 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS Act).
National Parks
National parks refer to forest reservations essentially of natural wilderness character which have been withdrawn from
settlement, occupancy or any form of exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside
as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and
plants therein and to provide enjoyment of these features in such areas.
Natural Parks
Natural parks are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity where extractive resource uses are
not allowed and maintained to protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of national or international significance for
scientific, educational and recreational use.
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Natural Monuments
A natural monument is a relatively small area focused on protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally
significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.
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Protected Landscape
Protected landscapes/seascapes are areas of national significance which are characterized by the harmonious
interaction of man and land while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within
the normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas.
Mount Matutum
Protected Landscape
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Protected Seascape
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Resource Reserves
Resource reserve is an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area normally with difficult access designated
as such to protect natural resources of the area for future use and prevent or contain development activities that could
affect the resource pending the establishment of objectives which are based upon appropriate knowledge and planning.
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Marine Reserves
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Wildlife Sanctuaries
Wildlife sanctuary comprises an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant
species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these may require specific
human manipulation for the perpetuation.
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Wilderness Areas
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See also
List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines
Biosphere reserves of the Philippines
Environmental issues in the Philippines
References
1. "Guidebook to Protected Areas of the Philippines" (http://bmb.gov.ph/downloads/References/PA_Guidebook_Final.pd
f) (PDF). Department of Environment and Natural Resources Biodiversity Management Bureau. 2015. Retrieved
9 April 2018.
2. "Establishing and Managing Protected Areas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120417205824/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/
index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120%3Aestablishing-and-managing-protected-areas&catid=58%3A
protected-area-management). DENR-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Archived from the original (http://www.paw
b.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120:establishing-and-managing-protected-areas&catid=58:
protected-area-management) on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
3. "Act No. 648" (http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act648.html). PhilippineLaw.info. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
4. "Executive orders and proclamations issued by the governor-general. (1904)" (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/A
CD6603.1904.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext). University of Michigan Library. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
5. "Act No. 1148" (http://www.chanrobles.com/acts/actsno1148.html). Chan Robles. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
6. "Mount Makiling marks centennial" (http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/home/science/3364-mount-makiling-marks-cen
tennial). BusinessMirror. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
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7. "Act No. 3915 - National Parks Act of 1932" (http://www.chanrobles.com/acts/actsno3915.html). Chan Robles.
Retrieved 18 June 2012.
External links
Media related to National parks of the Philippines at Wikimedia Commons
National parks and protected areas of the Philippines travel guide from Wikivoyage
National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (https://web.archive.org/web/20130504180803/http://www.de
nr.gov.ph/policy/basicpol/pacode/irr7586.pdf) (archived)
Protected areas (240) in the Philippines from Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (http://bmb.gov.ph/index.php?optio
n=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=483&Itemid=156)
Mount Kalatungan Range Natural Park Official Site (https://web.archive.org/web/20140318063945/http://kalatunganrn
p.org/) (archived)
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