Momentum

COLLISIONS -1
LECTURE 4
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Momentum
COLLISIONS -1
LECTURE 4
 Collisions
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
COLLISIONS v
v

Head on Collision Oblique Collision

Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision

Perfectly Inelastic Collision Partially Inelastic Collision

Experimental physics
Head on Collisions

v1 v2
m1 m2
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
Head on Collision
Experimental physics
It is the collision in the straight line.

Elastic Collision
Its is the collision in which bodies regain their original shape after collision.

Inelastic Collision

I. Perfectly Inelastic Collision : Its is the collision in which bodies moves

together as a single body after collision.
II. Partially Inelastic Collision : Its is the collision in which bodies moves
independently, but there shape gets deformed.
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
v v
m m

v v
m m
 Elastic
Experimental physics Collisions
 Elastic Collisions
Experimental physics

u1 > u2

u1 u2
Experimental physics
Experimental physics
 Elastic Collisions
Experimental physics

u1 > u2 v 2 > v1

u1 u2 v1 v2

Relative velocity of = u1 – u2
approach before collision ➔ Before collision bodies approach each
other
➔ After collision bodies separate from each
Relative velocity of other
= v2 – v1
separation after collision
 Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

u1 u2 v1 v2
m1 m2 m1 m2

u1 > u2 v2 > v1

Pi = Pf
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2 As on system Fext = 0.
therefore the momentum of system is
m1( u1 – v1) = m2( v2 – u2) conserved
Experimental physics
Ki = Kf

1 mu2 1 m2u22 = 1 m1v12 + 21

2 1 1 + 2 2
m2v22 In Elastic collision the
kinetic energy of system is
m1(u12 – v12) = m2(v22 – u22) conserved

m1(u1 – v1) (u1 + v1) = m2(v2 – u2) (v2 + u2)

u1 + v1 = v2 + u2

u1 – u2 = v2 – v1

Relative velocity of Relative velocity of

approach before = separation after
collision collision
 Experimental physics
Find v1 and v2 = ?

v2 = v1 + u 1 – u 2 Elastic Collision
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 (v1 + u1 – u2) u2
u1
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v1 + m2u1 – m2u2 m1 m2

(m1 – m2) u1 +2m2u2 = (m1 + m2) v1

m1u1 + m2u2= m1v1 + m2v2
m1 – m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 u 1 – u 2 = v2 – v1
 Experimental physics
v2 = v1 + u 1 – u2

m1 – m2 2m2
v2 = u1 + u2 + u1– u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

m1u1 – m2u1 + 2m2u2 + m1u1 – m1u2 + m2u1 – m2u2

v2 =
m1+m2

2m1u1 – (m1– m2) u2

v2 =
m1 + m2

2m1 m1 – m2 m1 – m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2
v2 = u1 – u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

u1 u2 v1 v2
m1 m2 m1 m2

u1 > u2 v2 > v1

m1 – m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

2m1 m1 – m2
v2 = u1 – u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
Experimental physics
Coefficient of Restitution (e)
Coefficient of
Experimental Restitution (e)
physics
Relative Velocity After Collision
e =
Relative Velocity Before Collision Before Collision

u1 u2
V separation m
e= m1
V approach
2

After Collision
v1 v2
m
m1 2

V2 - V1
e =
u 1 - u 2
 Coefficient
Experimental physics of Restitution (e)

V separation
e=
V approach

0<e<1

Perfectly INELASTIC Collision ELASTIC Collision

Experimental
Considerphysics
the equal masses colliding Elastically
 Experimental
Considerphysics
the equal masses colliding Elastically
e=1

u1 u2
m m

m m
Consider the masses
Experimental physicsof colliding bodies to be equal
m1 = m2 = m

m–m 2m m1 – m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2 v1 = u1 + u2
m+m m+m m1 + m2 m1 + m2
2m
v1 = 0 + u2
2m
2m1 m1 – m2
v1 = u 2 v2 = u1 – u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
2m m–m
v2 = u1 – u2
m+m m+m
2m
v2 = u1 + 0
2m

V2 = u 1
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

v1 = u2
u1 u2 u2 u1
m1 m2 m1 m2 v2 = u1

If masses of colliding bodies are equal, then they exchange their

velocities after collision
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

u1 u2 v1 v2

m1 m2 m1 m2

u1 > u2 v2 > v1

v1 = m1 – m2 2m2
u1 + u2 2m1 m1 – m2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 v2 = u1 – u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
Collision with a Wall
Experimental physics

u
m

Coefficient of Restitution = e
If target is at Rest (uphysics
Experimental 2 = 0)

m1 – m2 2m1
v1 = u1 v2 = u1
m1 + m 2
m1 + m2

i) If Target is Very Large as compare to

incident object (m1 < < m2).
E.g. Ball thrown towards wall.

m1 u
m2
Experimental
Before Collisionphysics After Collision

m1 < < m 2 m1 u u m1
m2 m2

0 – m2 2 (0)
v1 = u1 v2 = u1 m1 – m2
0 + m2 0 + m2 v1 = u1
m1 + m 2
v1 = – u1 v2 = 0
2m1
v2 = u1
m1 + m 2
 If target is at Rest (uphysics
Experimental 2 = 0)
m1 – m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
m1 – m2 2m1
v1 = u1 v2 = u1
m1 + m 2 m1 + m 2
2m1 m1 – m2
v2 = u1 – u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

i) If Target is Very small as compare to incident object (m1 > > m2)
E.g. Wall moving towards stationary object.

m1 u m2
 Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

m1 – m2
v1 = u1
u 2u
m1 + m 2
m1 >> m2 m1 u m2 m1 m2

2m1
v2 = u1
m1 + m2
m1 - 0 2m1
v1 = u1 v2 = u1
m1 + 0 m1 + 0

v1 = u 1 v2 = 2u1
Example If the collision find their FINAL velocity of the mass
Experimental physics

A. u (left)
m
B. 2u (left) u
u
C. 3u (left)
D. 4u (left)
e =1
Example If the collision find their FINAL velocity of the mass
Experimental physics

A. u/2 (right)
m
B. u/2 (left) 2u
u
C. u (right)
D. u (left)
e = 1/2
 Example If the collision is elastic then find their FINAL velocities
Experimental physics

10 ms–1 , 25 ms–1 5 ms–1

A.
3 3 10 ms–1 10 kg
25 ms–1 , 10 5 kg
B. ms–1
3 3
C. -10 ms–1 , 25 ms–1
3 3
D. None of these
Solution:
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

5 ms–1 V1 V2
10 ms–1
5 kg 10 kg 5 kg 10 kg

Pi = Pf
v 2 – v1 = u 1 – u 2
5 × 10 + 10 × 5 = 5v1 + 10v2
v2 – v1 = (10) – (5)
100 = 5v1 + 10v2
v1 + 2v2 = 20 v2 - v 1 = 5
Experimental physics
v2 = v1 + 5 v2 = v1 + 5

v1 + 2 (v1 + 5) = 20 10
v2 = +5
3
3 v1 + 10 = 20
10 + 15
3 v1 = 10 v2 =
3
10 25 ms–1
v1 = ms–1 v2 =
3 3
 Example If the collision is elastic then find their FINAL velocities
Experimental physics
5 ms–1

10 ms–1
A. +10 ms–1 , –10ms–1 5 kg
10 kg

B. 5 ms–1 , –5ms–1
C. 5 ms–1 , –10ms–1
D. None of these
Solution:
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

5 ms–1 V2
V1
10 ms–1 10 kg 10 kg
5 kg 5 kg

Pi = Pf
v2 – v 1 = u 1 – u 2
5 × 10 + 10 × (–5) = 5v1 + 10v2 v2 – v1 = (10) – (–5)
0 = 5v1 + 10v2

v1 + 2v2 = 0 v2 - v1 = 15
Experimental physics
v1 + 2v2 = 0 v2 – v1 = 15

V1 = –2v2
V1 = –2v2
v2 – (–2v2) = 15
V1 = –2(5)
3v2 = 15

V2 = 5 ms–1 V1 = -10 ms–1

Experimental physics Elastic Collisions
ExperimentalPerfectly
physics Inelastic Collision
Perfectly Inelastic
Experimental Collision
physics
➔ In this collision the colliding bodies move together as a single body
after collision
➔ In this collision, there is maximum loss of Kinetic Energy.

BEFORE

AFTER
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

u1 u2 m1 + m2 V

m1 m2

Pi = Pf
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)V

m 1 u 1 + m 2u 2
V =
m1+m2
 Experimental physics
ΔK = Ki – Kf m1u1 + m2u2
V =
m1+m2
1 1 1
ΔK = m1u12 + m1 u22 – (m1 + m1)V2
2 2 2

1 1 1 (m1u1 + m2u2)2
ΔK = m1u12 + m1 u22 – (m1 + m2)
2 2 2 (m1+ m2)2

m1u12 (m1 +m2) + m2u22 (m1 + m2) – (m12u12 + m22u22 + 2m1m2u1u2)

ΔK =
2(m1+ m2)
 Experimental physics
m1u12 (m1 +m2) + m2u22 (m1 + m2) – (m12u12 + m22u22 + 2m1m2u1u2)
ΔK =
2(m1+ m2)

m12u12 + m1 m2u12 + m2m1 u12 + m22u22 – m12 u12 – m22u22 – 2m1m2u1u2

ΔK =
2(m1+ m2)

m1m2 (u12 + u22 – 2u1u2)

ΔK =
2(m1+m2)

m1m2
ΔK = (u1 – u2)2
2(m1+m2)
Example Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 5 kg are moving with velocities 5ms–1
Experimental physics
and 20 ms–1 in same direction.If the bodies collide and stick with each
other, then find their common velocity.

A. +5 ms–1 5 ms–1 20 ms–1

B. -5 ms–1
C. 10 ms–1
D. None of these 10 kg 5 kg
Solution:
Experimental physics
Before Collision After Collision

5 ms–1 20 ms–1
15 kg V

10 kg 5 kg

Pi = P f As on system Fext = 0,
therefore the momentum
10 × 5 + 5 × 20 = 15 × v of system is conserved
50 + 100 = 15v

150 = 15v

v = 10 ms–1
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