RESEARCH SAMPLINGS

1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING
- A sampling technique in which sample from a larger population are chosen
using a method based on the theory of probability. For a participant to be
considered as a probability sample, he/she must be selected using a random
selection.
- EXAMPLE SCENARIO
1.1 Random/Probability Sampling Design
- A procedure for sampling from a population in which (a) the selection of
a sample unit is based on chance and (b) every element of the population has
a known, non-zero probability of being selected.
1.2 Stratified Sampling
- Refers to a type of sampling method. With stratified sampling, the
researcher divides the population into separate groups, called strata. Then, a
probability sample (often a simple random sample) is drawn from each
group.
1.3 Systematic Sampling
- A type of probability/sampling method in which sample members from a
larger population are selected according to a random starting point but with a
fixed, periodic interval. This interval, called the sampling interval, is calculated
by dividing the population size by the desired sample size.
1.4 Cluster Sampling
- Cluster sampling is defined as a sampling method where multiple clusters of
people are created from a population where they are indicative of
homogeneous characteristics and have an equal chance of being a part of
the sample.
2. NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
- Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples
are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the
population equal chances of being selected.
2.1 Availability/Convenience Sampling
- Convenience Sampling (also called availability sampling) is a non-
probability/non-random sampling technique used to create sample as per ease
of access, readiness to be a part of the sample, availability at a given time slot
or any other practical specifications of a particular element.
2.2 Purposive Sampling
- A non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a
population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is different
from convenience sampling and is also known as judgmental, selective, or
subjective sampling.
 2.3 Quota Sampling
- Quota Sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which researchers can
form a sample involving individuals that represent a population and are chosen
according to traits or qualities. Researchers can decide the trait as per which
the sample subset selection will be conducted so that the sample can be
effective in collecting data that can be generalized to the entire population. The
final subset will be decided only according to the interviewer or researcher’s
knowledge of the population.

2.4 Respondent- Assisted Sampling

- Combines "snowball sampling" (getting individuals to refer those they know,
these individuals in turn refer those they know and so on) with a mathematical
model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was
collected in a non-random way.
3. MIXED METHOD SAMPLING
- The use of two or more methods of sampling; for example, in
multistage sampling, if samples are drawn at random at one stage and
drawn by a systematic method at another.
3.1 Telephone Based Sampling
- Sampling for telephone surveys is fairly simple since national lists of telephone
area codes, exchanges, and even individual numbers do exist.
3.2 Web Based Sampling
- This chapter focuses on sampling methods for web and e-mail surveys, which
taken together we call 'Internet-based' surveys.
3.3 Address Based Sampling
- Involves the selection of a random sample of addresses from a frame listing of
residential addresses.
3.4 Time Based Sampling
- A method of sampling behavior in an observation study and is where an
observer records behavior at prescribed intervals. For example, every 10
seconds.
3.5 Space Based Sampling
- Constructing scientifically sound samples of hard-to-reach populations, also
known as hidden populations, is a challenge for many research projects. The
authors describe a venue-based application of time-space sampling (TSS) that
addresses the challenges of accessing hard-to-reach populations.