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Lecture # 2
30-Jan-2015
by
Dr. Muhammad Irfan
Assistant Professor
Civil Engg. Dept. – UET Lahore
Email: mirfan1@msn.com
Lecture Handouts: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/geotec-1
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SOIL AS A THREE PHASE SYSTEM
S: Solid Soil particle
W: Liquid Water
A: Air Air
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SOIL AS A THREE PHASE SYSTEM
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VOLUMETRIC RATIOS
1) Void ratio, e
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VOLUMETRIC RATIOS
2) Porosity, n
Volume of voids (Vv )
n
Total volume of soil sample (Vt ) (0 < n < 1)
Typical range, 9-70%
For sands, 25% ≤ n ≤ 50%
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WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
1) Moisture/Water Content, w
Weight of water (Ww )
w 100%
Weight of soil solids (Ws ) (0 < w < ∞)
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WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
2) Unit Weight, γ
Weight Mg
(kN m 3 ; lb ft 3 ; g cm3 )
Volume V
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gs)
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WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS
n
e 1 w
1 n b Gs . w
1 e w Gs 1
e sub
n 1 e
1 e
Gs . w
b d
d 1 e v n.S r
1 w
w.Gs
n 1
Ws
1 e
Gs . w V S
V .Gs . w
sat
Gs e w
e 1
Ws 1 e
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CONCLUDED
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