LAROSCAIN, JOSHUA G.

ASSIGNMENT # 1 AUGUST 28, 2019

AAMT 2-8 MS. CLARISSE R. RATING:

CAUSAREN
What is Composite?
A composite is a combination of two or more different materials that
results in a superior (often stronger) product. Humans have been creating
composites for thousands of years to build everything from simple
shelters to elaborate electronic devices. While the first composites
were made from natural materials like mud and straw, today's composites
are created in a lab from synthetic substances. Regardless of their
origin, composites are what have made life as we know it possible.
Elements of Composite?
Composite regulatory elements contain two or more closely situated
binding sites for distinct transcription factors and provide a way for
crosstalk between different regulatory pathways. The term "composite
element" was introduced during studies of the glucocorticoid response
element in the mouse proliferin promoter, where the glucocorticoid
receptor transcription factor binding site was found to be adjacent to
an AP-1 site. This term was later applied to different pairs of
interacting transcription factor binding sites and transcription
factors. Based on the known examples, we define a composite element as
a minimal functional unit within which both protein-DNA and protein-
protein interactions contribute to a highly specific pattern of
transcriptional regulation.
Composite elements can be classified based on the following criteria:
-characteristics of interactions between the transcription factors
involved (either synergism or antagonism)
-structure of transcription factors (structure of DNA-binding domains,
for example)
-function provided by the composite element (tissue-specificity or
inducibility, for example)
Application of Composite?
Composites are used in a wide variety of markets, including aerospace,
architecture, automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine, military, and
sports and recreation. Read about interesting applications of composites
in select industries below and check back often as we continue to add
new applications to this site.
Advantages of Composite
Light Weight - Composites are light in weight, compared to most metals.
Their lightness is important in aircraft, where less weight means better
fuel efficiency (more miles to the gallon).Strength Related to Weight -
Strength-to-weight ratio is a material’s strength in relation to how
much it weighs. Some materials are very strong and heavy, such as steel.
Composite materials can be designed to be both strong and light. This
property is why composites are used to build airplanes—which need a very
high strength material at the lowest possible weight.
Corrosion Resistance - Composites resist damage from the weather and
from harsh chemicals that can eat away at other materials. Outdoors,
they stand up to severe weather and wide changes in temperature.
Design Flexibility - Composites can be molded into complicated shapes
more easily than most other materials. This gives designers the freedom
to create almost any shape or form.
Part Consolidation - A single piece made of composite materials can
replace an entire assembly of metal parts. Reducing the number of parts
in a machine or a structure saves time and cuts down on the maintenance
needed over the life of the item.
Dimensional Stability - Composites retain their shape and size when they
are hot or cool, wet or dry. They are used in aircraft wings, for example,
so that the wing shape and size do not change as the plane gains or
loses altitude.
Radar Transparent - Radar signals pass right through composites, a
property that makes composites ideal materials for use anywhere radar
equipment is operating, whether on the ground or in the air. Composites
play a key role in stealth aircraft, such as the U.S. Air Force’s B-2
stealth bomber, which is nearly invisible to radar.
Durable - Structures made of composites have a long life and need a
little maintenance. We do not know how long composites last, because we
have not come to the end of the life of many original composites. Many
composites have been in service for half a century.
Disadvantages of Composite
Delamination - Since composites are often constructed of different ply
layers into a laminate structure, they can "delaminate" between layers
where they are weaker.
High Cost - They are a relatively new material, and as such have a high
cost.
Complex Fabrication - The fabrication process is usually labor intensive
and complex, which further increases cost.
Damage inspection - Delamination and cracks in composites are mostly
internal and hence require complicated inspection techniques for
detection.
Composite to metal joining - Metals expand and contract more on
variations in temperature as compared to composites. This may cause an
imbalance at joinery and may lead to failure.
DON FERNANDO CABREZA ASS. No. 1 8/28/19

AAMT 2-8 MS. CLARISSE R. CAUSAREN RATING:

1. WHAT IS COMPOSITE?
A composite material also called a composition material or shortened to composite,
which is the common name is a material made from two or more constituent materials
with significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined,
produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The
individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure,
differentiating composites from mixtures and solid solutions.
2. ELEMENTS OF COMPOSITE?
Composite elements are one or more pre-configured elements that you can use in your
reports. You can configure properties such as the size, color, or font of an element, or
create a text field with a complex expression you frequently use, and then save it as a
composite element
APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE?
Composites are used in a wide variety of markets, including aerospace, architecture,
automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine, military, and sports and recreation. Read
about interesting applications of composites in select industries below and check back
often as we continue to add new applications to this site.
3. ADVATAGES AND DISAVATAGES
Advantages:
Light Weight - Composites are light in weight, compared to most metals. Their lightness
is important in aircraft, where less weight means better fuel efficiency (more miles to
the gallon).Strength Related to Weight - Strength-to-weight ratio is a material’s strength
in relation to how much it weighs. Some materials are very strong and heavy, such as
steel. Composite materials can be designed to be both strong and light. This property is
why composites are used to build airplanes—which need a very high strength material
at the lowest possible weight.
Corrosion Resistance - Composites resist damage from the weather and from harsh
chemicals that can eat away at other materials. Outdoors, they stand up to severe
weather and wide changes in temperature.
Design Flexibility - Composites can be molded into complicated shapes more easily than
most other materials. This gives designers the freedom to create almost any shape or
form.
Part Consolidation - A single piece made of composite materials can replace an entire
assembly of metal parts. Reducing the number of parts in a machine or a structure saves
time and cuts down on the maintenance needed over the life of the item.
Dimensional Stability - Composites retain their shape and size when they are hot or cool,
wet or dry. They are used in aircraft wings, for example, so that the wing shape and size
do not change as the plane gains or loses altitude.
Radar Transparent - Radar signals pass right through composites, a property that makes
composites ideal materials for use anywhere radar equipment is operating, whether on
the ground or in the air. Composites play a key role in stealth aircraft, such as the U.S.
Air Force’s B-2 stealth bomber, which is nearly invisible to radar.
Durable - Structures made of composites have a long life and need a little maintenance.
We do not know how long composites last, because we have not come to the end of the
life of many original composites. Many composites have been in service for half a
century.
Disadvantages:
Delamination - Since composites are often constructed of different ply layers into a
laminate structure, they can "delaminate" between layers where they are weaker.
High Cost - They are a relatively new material, and as such have a high cost.
Complex Fabrication - The fabrication process is usually labor intensive and complex,
which further increases cost.
Damage inspection - Delamination and cracks in composites are mostly internal and
hence require complicated inspection techniques for detection.
Composite to metal joining - Metals expand and contract more on variations in
temperature as compared to composites. This may cause an imbalance at joinery and
may lead to failure.
FELIX VILLAGRACIA ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 AUGUST 28, 2019

AAMT 2-8 MS. CLARISSE R. CAUSAREN RATING:

What is Composite?

A composite material is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly
different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics
different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within
the finished structure, differentiating composites from mixtures and solid solutions.

Elements of Composite?

Composite regulatory elements contain two or more closely situated binding sites for distinct
transcription factors and provide a way for crosstalk between different regulatory pathways. The term
"composite element" was introduced during studies of the glucocorticoid response element in the mouse
proliferin promoter, where the glucocorticoid receptor transcription factor binding site was found to be
adjacent to an AP-1 site. This term was later applied to different pairs of interacting transcription factor
binding sites and transcription factors. Based on the known examples, we define a composite element as
a minimal functional unit within which both protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions contribute to a
highly specific pattern of transcriptional regulation.

Application of Composite?

Composites are used in a wide variety of markets, including aerospace, architecture, automotive, energy,
infrastructure, marine, military, and sports and recreation. Read about interesting applications of
composites in select industries below and check back often as we continue to add new applications to this
site.

Aerospace

Major OEMs such as Airbus and Boeing have shown the potential for large-scale composite applications
in aviation, and NASA is continually looking to composites manufacturers for innovative space solutions
for rockets and other spacecraft.

Aerospace Applications

Rising fuel costs, environmental regulations and an increase in airline traffic have helped drive the
increasing use of composite materials in the aerospace industry. Composites are used in military, business
and commercial aircraft of all sizes, including spacecraft.

CFRP Reinforces World’s First Single-Engine, Light-Sport Aircraft

An Italian start-up company is manufacturing the world’s first single-engine, light-sport aircraft composed
almost entirely of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). NASHERO, based in San Giovanni in Croce, Italy,
says that its two-seat, high-performance aircraft is designed for pilot-owners who want to travel in
comfort and safety—and in an environmentally friendly way.
Advantages

Weight reduction is the single greatest advantage of composite material usage. A lower-weight plane is
more fuel-efficient because it requires less fuel to propel itself forward.

Composites are also incredibly strong and as a result have a higher strength-to-weight ratio, also known
as specific strength, than the metals used in making aircraft. In addition, they resist compression and don't
easily break under tension.

Composite materials aren't prone to corrosion due to harsh chemicals, and they're resistant to many
highly reactive chemicals. They can also handle wide variations in temperature and exposure to severe
weather.

Another big advantage of composites is their design flexibility: They can be made into just about shape.
And a single, oddly shaped piece of composite can replace many pieces made of other materials. That
helpful characteristic cuts down on maintenance and so can reduce costs over the lifetime of a plane.

Once a composite piece has been formed, it maintains its shape and size. That's important in the aircraft
industry because it means the essential parts of a plane made out of composite materials won't grow,
shrink, or change form as environmental conditions vary.

Disadvantages

Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of composite materials for aircraft and component manufacturers is
their higher initial cost compared with metals. The greater cost is largely due to the price of the fibers and
the complicated process required to make the finished materials.

It can be difficult to tell when the interior structure of a composite aircraft piece has been damaged. That
makes inspections difficult and more costly.

One issue that comes up during inspections is delamination—when layers of composites separate. The
biggest cause of delamination is an impact to the composite piece. Water can infiltrate a piece that has
experienced delamination, and the problem will get worse as the water freezes and thaws.

Standard aircraft composite materials do not conduct electricity and so, unlike aluminum, can not prevent
lightning from being directed to a plane's fuel tanks. That problem was corrected for the 787 by
incorporating wire mesh into the composite.

Finally, the resin used in composite materials weakens at temperatures as low as 150 degrees Fahrenheit,
and a temperature above 300 degrees might result in aircraft failure. When composite materials burn,
they give off toxic fumes and micro-particles into the air, causing health risks. For all of those reasons, fire
prevention is crucial on planes built with composites.
CEDRIC KEN MARIANO ASSIGNMENT # 1 AUGUST 28, 2019

AAMT 2-8 MS. CLARISSE R. CAUSAREN RATING:

What is Composite?
A composite material is made up of a matrix and a reinforcement phase. Composites
take advantage of directional properties of the reinforcement phase and gluing
properties of the matrix. The reinforcement phase may be any material in fiber,
platelet, or aggregate form. The matrix phase must be able to flow around the
reinforcement and later hardened. Metals, ceramics, cement, and polymers are all
regularly used for man-made composites. Composites are very difficult to
manufacture (except for concrete). New techniques has made it easier to make
sporting equipment, space shuttle parts, and car parts out of composites.
Elements of Composite?
Composite regulatory elements contain two or more closely situated binding sites for
distinct transcription factors and provide a way for crosstalk between different
regulatory pathways. The term "composite element" was introduced during studies
of the glucocorticoid response element in the mouse proliferin promoter, where the
glucocorticoid receptor transcription factor binding site was found to be adjacent to
an AP-1 site. This term was later applied to different pairs of interacting
transcription factor binding sites and transcription factors. Based on the known
examples, we define a composite element as a minimal functional unit within which
both protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions contribute to a highly specific
pattern of transcriptional regulation.
Composite elements can be classified based on the following criteria:
-characteristics of interactions between the transcription factors involved (either
synergism or antagonism)
-structure of transcription factors (structure of DNA-binding domains, for example)
-function provided by the composite element (tissue-specificity or inducibility, for
example)
Application of Composite?
Composites are used in a wide variety of markets, including aerospace, architecture,
automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine, military, and sports and recreation. Read
about interesting applications of composites in select industries below and check back
often as we continue to add new applications to this site.
Advantages
Weight reduction is the single greatest advantage of composite material usage and is
the key factor in using it in aircraft structure. Fiber-reinforced matrix systems are
stronger than traditional aluminum found on most aircraft, and they provide a
smooth surface and increase fuel efficiency, which is a huge benefit.

Also, composite materials don't corrode as easily as other types of structures. They
don't crack from metal fatigue and they hold up well in structural flexing
environments. Composite designs also last longer than aluminum, which means
fewer maintenance and repair costs.
Disadvantages
Because composite materials don’t break easily, that makes it hard to tell if the
interior structure has been damaged at all and this, of course, is the single most
concerning disadvantage for using the composite material. In contrast, because of
aluminum bends and dents easily, it is quite easy to detect structural damage.
Additionally, repairs can be much more difficult when a composite surface is
damaged, which ultimately becomes costly.
Also, the resin used in composite material weakens at temperatures as low as 150
degrees, making it important for these aircraft to take extra precautions to avoid
fires. Fires involved with composite materials can release toxic fumes and micro-
particles into the air, causing health risks. Temperatures above 300 degrees can
cause structural failure.
Finally, composite materials can be expensive, although it can be argued that the
high initial costs are typically offset by long-term cost savings.