APLICACIÓN:

Se tiene una varilla de10 cm de largo, cuya condición de frontera está dado por:

𝑇(0, 𝑡) = 40°𝐶, 𝑇(10, 𝑡) = 200°𝐶

Y está sometido a una fuente de calor 𝑓(𝑥) = 10, considere elementos finitos en la varilla.

𝑓(𝑥) = 10

𝑇(0, 𝑡) = 40°𝐶 𝐿 = 10𝑐𝑚 𝑇(10, 𝑡) = 200°𝐶

Solución:

a. Discretizando el dominio

𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇3 𝑇4 𝑇5
(1) (2) (3) (4)

2.5𝑚
𝐿 = 10𝑚

b. Obtención de la ecuación de los elementos.

Topología

Numeración
Descripción
Lineal Global
1 1
(1)
2 2
1 2
(2)
2 3
1 3
(3)
2 4
1 4
(4)
2 5

Para el elemento (1) [𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ]

𝑥1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥2
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.5

𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑥1 𝑥2
Utilizando (I):
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑁1 = 𝑥 2−𝑥
2 1

𝑥−𝑥1
𝑁1 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1

Luego la ecuación:
−𝑑𝑡(2.5)
+12.5
0.4√2 −0.4√3 = 𝑑𝑥
[ ] } … (𝐼𝐼)
−0.4√2 0.4√3 𝑑𝑡(2.5)
+12.5
𝑑𝑥
Para el elemento (2) [𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ]

2.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5

𝑇2 𝑇3
𝑥2 𝑥3

Aplicando la ecuación (1):

𝛼1
−𝑑𝑡(2.5) ⏞𝑥3
+
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1 −1 𝑇2 𝑥2
[ ][ ] = 𝑥3
5 − 2.5 −1 1 𝑇3
𝑑𝑡(2.5) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁3 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝛽1
Para 𝛼1:
𝑥3 5
5−𝑥 𝑥2 5
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 (5𝑥 − )| = 12.5
5 − 2.5 2 2.5
𝑥2 2.5

Para 𝛽1:
𝑥3 5
𝑥 − 2.5 𝑥2 5
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁3 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ( − 2.5𝑥)| = 12.5
5 − 7.5 2 2.5
𝑥2 2.5

−𝑑𝑡(2.5)
0.4𝑇2 −0.4𝑇3 +12.5
[ ]= 𝑑𝑥 } … (𝐼𝐼𝐼)
−0.4𝑇2 0.4𝑇3 𝑑𝑡(5)
+12.5
𝑑𝑥

Para el elemento (3) [𝑥3 , 𝑥4 ]

5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7.5
 𝑇3 𝑇4
𝑥3 𝑥4

Aplicando la ecuación (1):

𝛼2
−𝑑𝑡(2.5) ⏞𝑥4
+
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁3 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1 −1 𝑇3 𝑥3
[ ][ ] = 𝑥4
7.5 − 5 −1 1 𝑇4
𝑑𝑡(2.5) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁4 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
𝛽2
Para 𝛼2:
𝑥4 7.5
7.5 − 𝑥 𝑥 2 7.5
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁3 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 (7.5𝑥 − )| = 12.5
7.5 − 5 2 5
𝑥3 5

Para 𝛽2:
𝑥4 7.5
𝑥−5 𝑥2 7.5
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁4 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ( − 5𝑥)| = 12.5
7.5 − 5 2 5
𝑥3 5

−𝑑𝑡(5)
0.4𝑇3 −0.4𝑇4 𝑑𝑥
+12.5
[ ] = 𝑑𝑡(7.5) } … (𝐼𝑉)Para el elemento (4) [𝑥4 , 𝑥5 ]
−0.4𝑇3 0.4𝑇4 +12.5
𝑑𝑥

7.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10

𝑇4 𝑇5
𝑥4 𝑥5

Aplicando la ecuación (1):

𝛼3
−𝑑𝑡(7.5) ⏞𝑥5
+
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁4 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1 −1 𝑇4 𝑥4
[ ][ ] = 𝑥5
10 − 7.5 −1 1 𝑇5
𝑑𝑡(10) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁5 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥4
𝛽3
Para 𝛼3:
 𝑥5 10
10 − 𝑥 𝑥 2 10
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁4 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 (10𝑥 − )| = 12.5
10 − 7.5 2 7.5
𝑥4 7.5

Para 𝛽3:
𝑥4 10
𝑥 − 7.5 𝑥2 10
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑁5 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ( − 7.5𝑥)| = 12.5
10 − 7.5 2 7.5
𝑥3 7.5

−𝑑𝑡(7.5)
0.4𝑇4 −0.4𝑇5 +12.5
[ ]= 𝑑𝑥 } … (𝑉)
−0.4𝑇4 0.4𝑇5 𝑑𝑡(10)
+12.5
𝑑𝑥
Ensamble de las ecuaciones (𝐼𝐼), (𝐼𝐼𝐼), (𝐼𝑉)𝑦 (𝑉):

𝑒 (1)
𝑑𝑡(0)
− + 12.5
0.4 −0.4 0 0 0 𝑇1 𝑑𝑥
−0.4 0.4 0 0 0 𝑇2 𝑑𝑡(2.5)
0 0 0 0 0 0 = + 12.5 … (1)
𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[ 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 ] 0
[ 0 ]

𝑒 (2)
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 𝑑𝑡(2.5)
− + 12.5
0 0.4 −0.4 0 0 𝑇2 𝑑𝑥
0 −0.4 0.4 0 0 𝑇3 = 𝑑𝑡(5) … (2)
0 0 0 0 0 0 + 12.5
𝑑𝑥
[0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 ] 0
[ 0 ]

𝑒 (3)
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 𝑑𝑡(5)
0 0 0.4 −0.4 0 𝑇3 = − 𝑑𝑥 + 12.5 … (3)
0 0 −0.4 0.4 0 𝑇4 𝑑𝑡(7.5)
[0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 ] + 12.5
𝑑𝑥
[ 0 ]

𝑒 (3)
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 = − 𝑑𝑡(7.5)
+ 12.5 … (4)
0 0 0 0.4 −0.4 𝑇4 𝑑𝑥
[0 0 0 −0.4 0.4 ] [𝑇5 ] 𝑑𝑡(10)
[ 𝑑𝑥 + 12.5 ]
Ensamblando todas las matrices:
𝑑𝑡(0)
−
+ 12.5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡(2.5) 𝑑𝑡(2.5)
0.4 −0.4 0 0 0 𝑇1 + 12.5 − + 12.5
𝑇 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−0.4 0.8 −0.4 0 0 2
𝑑𝑡(5) 𝑑𝑡(5)
0 −0.4 0.8 −0.8 0 𝑇3 = + 12.5 − + 12.5
0 0 −0.4 0.8 −0.4 𝑇4 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
[ 0 𝑑𝑡(7.5) 𝑑𝑡(7.5)
0 0 −0.4 0.4 ] [𝑇5 ] + 12.5 − + 12.5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡(10)
[ + 12.5 ]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡(0)
− + 12.5
𝑑𝑥
25
= 25
25
𝑑𝑡(10)
[ 𝑑𝑥 + 12.5 ]
1. Condiciones de frontera:
𝑑𝑡(0)
0.4𝑇1 − 0.4𝑇2 = − + 12.5 … (1)
𝑑𝑥
−0.4𝑇1 + 0.8𝑇2 − 0.4𝑇3 = 25 … (2)
−0.4𝑇2 + 0.8𝑇3 − 0.4𝑇4 = 25 … (3)
−0.4𝑇3 + 0.8𝑇4 − 0.4𝑇5 = 25 … (4)
𝑑𝑡(10)
0.4𝑇4 + 0.4𝑇5 = − + 12.5 … (5)
𝑑𝑥
De (1):
𝑑𝑡(0)
0.4𝑇1 − 0.4𝑇2 = − + 12.5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡(0)
− 0.4𝑇2 = −3.5 … (1𝑎)
𝑑𝑥
De (2):
−0.4𝑇1 + 0.8𝑇2 − 0.4𝑇3 = 25
0.8𝑇2 − 0.4𝑇3 = 41 … (2𝑎)

De (3):
−0.4𝑇2 + 0.8𝑇3 − 0.4𝑇4 = 25 … (3𝑎)
De (4)
−0.4𝑇3 + 0.8𝑇4 − 0.4𝑇5 = 25
−0.4𝑇3 + 0.8𝑇4 = 105 … (4𝑎)

De (5):
𝑑𝑡(10)
−0.4𝑇4 + 0.4𝑇5 = − + 12.5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡(10)
−0.4𝑇4 − = −67.5 … (5𝑎)
𝑑𝑥
Todo en forma matricial:
 𝑑𝑡(0)
−
0.4 −0.4 0 0 0 𝑑𝑥 −3.5
−0.4 0.8 −0.4 0 0 𝑇2 41
0 −0.4 0.8 −0.8 0 𝑇3 = 25
0 0 −0.4 0.8 −0.4 𝑇4 105
[ 0 0 0 −0.4 0.4 ] 𝑑𝑡(10) [−67.5]
[ 𝑑𝑥 ]
Entonces:
𝑑𝑡(0)
= 66
𝑑𝑥
𝑇2 = 173.75
𝑇3 = 255.75
𝑑𝑡(10)
= −34
𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑢1 + 𝑁2 𝑢2
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.5
𝑇1 = 𝑁1 𝑇1 + 𝑁2 𝑇2
2.5 − 𝑥 𝑥
𝑇1 = ( ) 40 + 173.75
2.5 2.5