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Patient’ Complaint
↓ ↑
Diagnosis Undesired
Desired
↓ ↑ ↑
Modes of therapy Clinical
Response
↓ ↑
Drug Therapy Drug Usage
↓ ↑
Prescription → Dispensing
Patient (Conditions)
↕ ↕
Disease ↔ Drug
Pharmaceutical care process
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PRACTICE
DOMAIN
(Dresselle, S.P., 2005, Pharmaceutical Care as a Management Movement, in
Pharmacy Management, Dresselle, S.P. and Zgarrick, D.P. Eds., pp 3-18,
McGraw-Hill, New York)
I. Risk Management
a. Devise system of data collection
b. Perform prospective drug utilization
review
c. Document therapeutic interventions and
activities
d. Obtain over-the-counter medication
history
e. Calculate dosages for drugs with a narrow
therapeutic index
f. Report adverse drug events to regulatory
agent
g. Triage patients’ needs for proper referral
h. Remain abreast of newly uncovered
adverse effects and drug-drug interactions
II. Patient Advocacy
a. Serve as patient advocate with respect to
social, economic, and psychological
barriers to drug therapy
b. Attempting to change patients’
medication orders when barriers to
compliance exist
c. Counsel patients on new and refill
medications as necessary
d. Promote patient wellness
e. Maintain caring, friendly relationship
with patients
f. Telephone patients to obtain medication
orders called in and not picked up
V. Business Management
a. Utilize technicians and other staff to free up the
pharmacist’s time
b. Ensure adequate workflow for efficiency in
operations
Differences between Dispensing Products and
Providing Pharmaceutical Care
Space is organized to
display and sell Space is organized to meet
products patient’s needs
Reference
Cipolle, R.J., Strand, L.M., Morley, P.C., 1998, Pharmaceutical Care
Practice, McGraw-Hill, New York
Status Definition
Resolved Goals achieved, therapy
completed
Stable Goals achieved, continue
same therapy
Improved Progress being made,
continue same therapy
Partial Progress being made, minor
improvement adjustment required
Unimproved No progress yet, but
continue same therapy
Worsened Decline in health, adjust new
therapy
Failure Goals not achieved, initiate
new therapy
Expired Patient died while receiving
drug therapy