Unbalance

consequences, causes, definitions ...

Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals - Part 1
Balancing and

unbalance, C.o.G., eccentricity, centrifugal force, vektor ...

Fundamentals - Part 2
axial unbalance distribution on rigid rotors, types of unbalances ...
Tolerances
quality grade, allocation of balancing planes ...
Measuring Unbalance
balancing machines, accomodation, drive, measuring principles ...
Balancing speed determined by
balancing maschine, rotor, economy, safety ...
Correction of Unbalance
types of correction (add, remove, shift), economy, errors, tolerance ...
Errors
phenomena, causes, types, cure (typical examples) ...
State of a Rotor
rigid rotor (constant behaviour), other rotors (variable ~ ) ...
Addentum
articles ...
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Unbalance according
ISO 1925

Description Unit
u unbalance mass *1) g
r radius mm U
U unbalance gmm

r u
Formula Unit

U=ur gmm
kgmm
kgm
gcm
mgmm
*1) u unbalance mass often called
m u also
Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-01
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals according
ISO 1925
Center of Gravity (C.o.G.) of Unbalance Mass

r u
The centre of gravity
of the unbalance
mass “u“
acts at the radius “r“

Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-02

Fundamentals Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems
eccentricity “e“ of the rotor
according
Is the distance between rotating axis and center ISO 1925
of gravity
Description Unit
u unbalance mass g
r radius mm U
U unbalance gmm
e (mass) eccentricity um
m mass (rotor) *1) kg
r u
Formula Unit

U=ur =me

g mm = µm
ur U kg
e= = m
m m
mg mm
g
*1) m rotor mass often called m R also

Author VB - 23-Feb-2001 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-01-03

Fundamentals Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Rotation according
ISO 1925

Description Unit
u unbalance mass g v
r radius mm
U unbalance gmm
ω angular velocity rad/s n
n speed min-
ω
1

v circumferential speed m/s r u

Formula Unit
2 nπ n
ω= ≈ 10 rad/s
60
where n is measured in [rpm]

v = rω m/s m
where r is measured in meters [m]

*1) n also common in [1/min, rpm]

Veit Bleistein - 22-Feb-2001 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-01

 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems
Fundamentals
Centrifugal Force Force(s)

Description Unit
u unbalance mass g
F
r radius mm v
U unbalance gmm
U
ω angular velocity rad/s
n speed min- 1

v circumferential speed m/s n

ω
F centrifugal force * N r u

2
n
F=urω 2 U 10 N

2
F=u v N
r
m
(with: v = r ) [m/s] use u [kg], r [m]

2
* Newton: 1 N = 1 kg m/s

Veit Bleistein - 23-Feb-2001 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-02

 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals Exercises

Exercises

1. How much is the unbalance of a screw weighing 15 g at a radius of 300 mm?

2. What centrifugal force is generated at 1 000 rpm?

3. The rotor weight is 225 kg. By how much is the c.o.g. displaced from the shaft axis?

4. An Unbalance correction reduces this eccentricity to 3 :m. Calculate the residual unbalance.

5. If the centrifugal force is the limiting factor, what is the max. per. speed now?

6. A 100 ton roll was produced with an eccentricity of 3 mm. How much is the initial unbalance?

7. The correction radius is 1.5 m. Calculate the necessary correction mass.

8. The max. per. eccentricity of a 30 g gyroscope is 0.01:m. What is that in terms of unbalance?

9. Its correction radius is 15 mm. Welche What unbalance mass may remain?

Veit Bleistein - 08.08.2000 Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-02-10

 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals Line of Action

(Vector)
Vector
Unbalance is a Vector quantity; like a Force it has a Direction.
It can be shifted linearly on its Line of Action.

U
r
u u u
r U r

Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 -VB 23-Feb-2001

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-01
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals 90 deg.
components
Vector (H-,V-components)

Split into 90deg. - components

(H- and V- components )

0° 0°

U0°
U U
U90°
90° 90°

Vector (-forces, -unbalances) can be split into Component (-forces, -unbalances)

In this case the original vector has been split into 90° (deg.) components in the vertical and horizontal axis.
Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 23-Feb-2001

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-02
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals 90 deg.
components
Vector 30 deg. off 0 deg.

Split up into 90 deg.- (90°) components

Rotor coordinates offset by 30 deg.
against angular reference system of balancing machine

30° 30°

U30°

U U

U120°
120° 120°

Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 27-Sep-2000

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-05
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals 120 deg. -

components
Vector (Vector)

Split up into 120 deg. (120°) - components

0° 0°

U0°

U U

U120°
120° 120°

Hatto Schneider, 9.2.98 VB 27-Sep-2000

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-02-03-07