A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE-FOUR

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of a 45-minute period, the grade four pupils will be able to:

1. Add and subtract fractions with the same denominators,

2. Add and subtract fractions with dissimilar denominators,

3. Add and subtract mixed numbers with similar denominators, and

4. Add and subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar denominators with 75%
proficiency level.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING OF FRACTIONS

A. References

Liking Mathematics in the Grade School: Textbook in Mathematics for

Grade-Four by Prepotente et.al.

21st Century Mathematics (6) by Villame et.al.

B. Materials

Power point presentation, visual aids

C. Ideas

To add/subtract fractions with similar denominators, we add/subtract the

numerator and write the sum/difference over the same denominator.

To add/subtract fractions with dissimilar denominators, first find the

smallest equivalent fractions by using the least common multiple (LCD) to
rename the dissimilar fractions into similar fractions and then proceed as
in adding/subtracting fractions with the same denominator.

To add/subtract mixed numbers with similar denominators, we

add/subtract the whole numbers, then the numerators and retain the
denominator.

To add/subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar denominators, change

dissimilar fractions to similar fractions. Add/subtract the whole numbers,
and then the numerators and copy the denominator.

D. Processes

Identifying, adding, subtracting

E. Value

Small parts are necessary to make-up a whole.

III. PROCEDURE

A. Pre-assessment

1.Prayer

2.Checking of attendance
 3.Review of the past lesson

B. Motivation

A song about mathemetics

C. Lesson proper

Teacher Activity Pupil Activity

Class, do you love to eat chocolates? Yes Ma’am

Who wants to eat a chocolate? We’d love to, Ma’am.

I have here a bar of chocolate and I

am going to divide it equally into four

parts. (Slice).

So I have now 4 slices or 4/4 of chocolate.

(Give the 2/4 of the apple to two pupils, 1/4 each).

So I have given Mario ¼ of the chocolate

and another ¼ to Rowena. How much

chocolate have I given all in all and how 2/4 given

much is left? 2/4 left

Yes Very Good! I sliced the chocolate

into fourequal parts so we get 4/4 or 1 of course

and I gave Mario and Rowena ¼ each of

the chocolate. So ¼ + ¼ , we get 2/4 or ½ and

the parts that is left for me is also 2/4 0r ½ .

If we are going to add the parts of apple

that I have given to Mario and Rowena

and the parts left for me, how much will it

be all in all? 4/4 or 1

Now class, do you have any idea of what

will be our topic for today? Adding and subtract-

ing of fraction

Exactly class. Today, we will be discussing

how to add and subtract fractions. And I

want you to meet the following

objectives which are to: add and

subtract fractions with the same

denominators, add and subtract

fractions with dissimilar denominators,

add and subtract mixed numbers with

similar denominators, and add and

subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar

denominators with 75% proficiency

level. Can I expect that from you? Sure Ma’am.

So we have here different rules in

adding and subtracting of fractions.

Take note that I am going to give you

a quiz after this so you better bear

with me class, listen carefully as I am

going to present and discuss each rule

one after the other.

To add fractions with similar

denominators,we simply add the

numerators andwrite the sum over

the same denominator.

Dulce ate ⅖ of the cake in the morning

and ⅕ in the afternoon. How much cake

was eaten by her?

What is asked in the problem? The amount of cake

eaten by Dulce.

What are given? 2/5 cake in the morning

and 1/5 in the afternoon.

So we are going to add the given

fractions to answer what is asked in

the problem. As what is stated in the

rule, we simply add the numerators

and write the sum over the same

denominator in adding of similar

fractions. So we simply add 2 and 1

which is equal to 3 and write it over

the same denominator which is 5.

And the answer is 3/5.

Did you get it? Yes Ma’am.

So let’s proceed.

To subtract fractions with similar

denominators, we simply subtract

the numerators and write the difference

over the same denominator.

This is somewhat similar as in adding

of fractions with similar denominators.

The only difference is we are going to

subtract the numerators instead of adding

A water tank was ⅞ full of water. After a

day of use, it was ⅜ full. How much water

was used during the day?

What is asked? The amount of water that

was used during the day.

What are given? 7/8 full of water and 3/8 full

after a day of use.

To find the amount of water that was

used during the day, we are going to

subtract 3/8 from 7/8. So simply subtract

the numerators 7-3 is equal to 4 and write

it over the same denominator which is 8

and then we get 5/8.

To add fractions with dissimilar

denominators, rename the

dissimilar fractions into similar

fractions by finding the (LCD) and then

proceed as in adding fractions with the

same denominator.

Mother used ⅗ liter of cooking oil last month

and⅔ liter this month. How much did she

use in two months?

What is asked? The amount of cooking oil

 mother used in two months.

What are given? 3/5 liter of cooking oil last

month and 2/3 liter this month.

How do we add 3/5 and 2/3?

Examine their denominators. Do they

have the same or what? Different/dissimilar

Obviously! So the first we need to find

The LCD or (Least Common Denominator).

What is the LCD of 5 and 3? 15

Aha! And we are going to use 15 to

rename these dissimilar fractions into

similar fractions. And then we get 9/15

and 10/15 so we can now add these

similar fractions to get the answer which

is 19/15 or 1 4/15.

To subtract fractions with dissimilar

denominators, rename the dissimilar

fractions into similar fractions by finding

the (LCD) and then proceed as in

subtracting fractions with the same

denominator.

Aling Dionisia, a stuffed-toy maker, uses 5/9

bag of stuff for a dog and 4/6 bag of stuff for

a cat. How much more stuff does she use

for a dog than for a cat.

What is asked? The amount of stuff she

use for a dog than for a cat.

What are given? 4/6 bag of stuff for dog and

5/9 bag of stuff for a cat.

Like adding of fractions with

dissimilar denominators, we need

To find the LCD in order to rename

these fractions into similar fractions

allowing us to proceed in subtraction.

What is the LCD of 6 and 9? 18

So the fractions involved are now

12/18 and 10/18. And to answer what is

asked in the problem we are going to

subtract 10/18 from 12/18 and we get

2/18 or 1/9.

To add mixed numbers with similar

denominators, we add the whole

numbers,then the numerators and retain

the denominator.

What do you mean by mixed numbers? A mixed number is

composed of a whole

number and a fraction.

Yes, exactly! We have discussed

that already.

Jebs and Brion helped in the “Operation

Linis” on Saturday and Sunday. John

mowed 3⅓ of the lawn and Bob mowed

4⅓ of it .What part of the lawn did the two

boys mow together?

What is asked? The part of the lawn the

two boys mow together.

What are given? John mowed 3⅓ of the

lawn and Bob mowed

4⅓ of it.

3⅓ and 4⅓ are examples of mixed

numbers with similar denominators

of which we can just add directly

without the need of finding an LCD.

We automatically add the whole numbers-

3+4=7 and then the numerators- 1+1=2

and write it over the same denominator- 3.

The part of the lawn the two boys mowed

together is 7 2/3.

To subtract mixed numbers with similar

denominators, we subtract the whole

numbers, then the numerators and retain

the denominator.

A vendor sold 316/7 kilograms of mangoes

on Monday and 26 5/7 kilograms on Tuesday.

How much more kilograms of mangoes did

she sell on Monday than on Tuesday?

What is asked? The amount of mangoes

in kls that she sell more

on Monday than on

Tuesday.

What are given? 31 6/7kls of mangoes

on Monday and 26 5/7

kls on Tuesday.

As stated in the rule we are going to

subtract first the whole numbers-

31-26=5, and then the numerators-

6-5=1 and write it over the same

denominator 7. And we get the answer

which is 5 1/7.

To add mixed numbers with dissimilar

denominators, change dissimilar

fractions to similar fractions. Add the

whole numbers, and then the numerators,

and copy the denominator.

Vener and Edmund opened a vegetable

stand in a supermarket. On opening day,

they sold 4 5/8 bushels of corn and

sold 3 4/6 bushels on the following day.

How much corn was sold in two days?

What is asked? The amount of corn

that was sold for two days.

What are given? On opening day, they

sold 4 5/8 bushels of corn

and sold 3 4/6 bushels

on the following day

How are we going to change dissimilar

fractions into similar fractions? find the LCD

Precisely! And what is the LCD of

8 and 6? 48

Through obtaining the LCD of dissimilar

fractions, we can derived its similar

fractions and then perform the indicated

operation. 4 5/8 and 3 4/6 = 4 30/8 and 3 24/8.

When added, 4+3=7(whole numbers) and 54/8

(similar fractions) we get 7 54/8.

To subtract mixed numbers with

dissimilar denominators, change

dissimilar fractions to similar fractions.

Subtract the whole numbers, and then the

numerators, and copy the denominator.

Mang Tony is a candle maker. He had 5 3/4

disks of wax. He used 4 2/5 of them.

How much wax does he have left?

What is asked? The amount of wax

he have left.

What are given? He had 5 2/5 disks

of wax and he used

4 3/4 of them.
 What is the LCD of 4 and 5? 20

Through the use of LCD we can now

derived similar fractions where we

can apply operations directly. In this

case the fractions that we derived are

5 15/20 and 4 8/20. Subtract the whole

numbers- 5-4=1 and then the numerators-

15-8=7 and write it over the same

denominator 20. The answer is 1 7/20.

Deductive Method

IV. EVALUATION

Direction: Solve each problem.

1. Julie bought ½ meter of red ramie cloth for her table napkins and 3/6 white
ramie cloth for placemats. How many meters of cloth did she buy?
2. Mrs. Robles baked 1⅔ dozen cookies. She brought ¾ dozen to school for her
friends. How many dozen of cookies were left?
V. ASSIGNMENT

Direction: Perform the indicated operation.

a. 1 2/5+3/5
b. 2 ¼ - 2/4
c. 1-6/6