BS en 1756-1-2001+a1-2008 PDF

Documento contenuto nel prodotto Macchine Sicure edizione 2008.
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Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Date: 2008-01-15
Tail lifts — Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles — Safety

requirements — Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
Hubladebühnen — Plattformlifte für die Anbringung and Radfahrzeugen —
Sicherheitsanforderungen — Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
Hayons élévateurs — Plateformes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants —

Prescriptions de sécurité — Partie 1: Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises
DISCLAIMER
The present document reflects the text of an amendment to a European Standard (EN), showing the changes
made to the original EN. The combined reading of the amendment and the original EN is not guaranteed to
reflect the EN as modified by such amendment. Only the consolidated EN, as made available by CEN,
reflects the new version of the EN as modified by the amendment.
CEN does not assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, correctness or completeness of this
document or of any consolidation of this document into the original EN, other than the official consolidated EN
as made available by CEN.
1
1 Modification to Foreword
Update the list of harmonization annexes.
2 Modification to Clause 2, Normative references

The following references shall be deleted:
"EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Basic terminology,
methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Technical principles
and specifications.
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Technical
principles and specifications (Amendment 1:1995).".
The following references shall be added:
"EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Basic
terminology, methodology.
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Technical
principles." and
"ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of
edges.".
3 Modification to Clause 3, Terms and definitions

In the note of 3.7, operator, replace "EN 292-1:1991" with "EN ISO 12100-1:2003".
In the example of 3.21, control device, delete "or a combination of these" to read:
"EXAMPLE button, switch, joystick, pedal, lever.".
4 Modification to Clause 4, Table 1

This is one table which is continued over six pages. Replace "Table 2" to "Table 7" with "Table 1" in the
nd th
headers of the 2 to 7 page of the table.
5 Modification to 5.1, General requirements

In the second paragraph, replace "EN 292-1:1991 and EN 292-2:1991" with "EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and
EN ISO 12100-2:2003".
2
6 Modification to 5.2, Working area

As a first paragraph before the present text, add the following text:
"Tail lift working areas and operators locations shall be provided with means to allow safe access, position
and work. Where necessary, these shall include the provision of suitable work lighting to the loading area. The
operator's positions shall allow an adequate view of the working area, the load and any danger zones.".
Before the last paragraph of the present text, add the following text:
“The fixing system shall remain attached to the guard rail segments or to the platform when the guard rails are
removed.".
7 Modification to 5.11, Crushing and shearing

Replace the text with the following:
"Tail lifts shall be equipped with one or more protective measures to avoid the operator being exposed to
crushing and shearing. The selection of the type of protective measure is made by the manufacturer,
depending on actual type and design of the tail lift.
Safety measures shall be adopted to ensure that any other persons standing on the platform are not exposed
to any avoidable risk.
Annex B gives some typical examples to avoid risk of crushing and shearing, see also Clause 8.".
8 Modification to 5.13.1, Surface

In the second sentence, correct "Is" with "It" to read:
"It shall resist slipping at the maximum lateral and longitudinal angles that the manufacturer foresees that the
platform may adopt in an elevated working position.".
A new sub-clause regarding requirement on the platform edges is added.
9 Addition of 5.13.2, Bluntness of edges

Add the following new subclause:
"5.13.2 Bluntness of edges
The outer edges of the platform to the left, to the right and backwards shall not present any sharp edges or
acute angles/corners. Radius of corners and bluntness of edges shall be no less than 1,5 mm."
and renumber the following subclauses.
10 Modification to 5.14.1.2, Hydraulic systems leakage

In the first line of the first paragraph, add "if" between "so that" and "the hydraulic circuit" to read:
"Tail lifts equipped with an hydraulic system shall be designed so that if the hydraulic circuit leaks the
maximum ….".
3
11 Modification to 5.14.3.1, General

In the second sentence of the second paragraph, replace "applied" with "applicable" to read:
"These requirements are not applicable when they are protected against an unauthorised action (e.g. if
special tool is needed).".
12 Modification to 5.16.1, Prevention of lifting excessive loads

Replace "1,25 %" with "125 %" to read:
"A tail lift shall not be capable of lifting more than 125 % of its maximum load from the ground (for testing see
annex H).".
13 Modification to 5.17.5, Several control devices for one movement

First sentence, replace with the following text:
"If fixed controls are used to open, close or fold the platform then the controls shall be of the two-hand control
type, see Figure B.1.
Where two-hand or two-foot controls are adopted, the following requirements shall be met:".
At the end of 5.17.5, add the following sentence:
"If portable controls are used to open, close or fold a platform then those controls shall require the operation of
more than one control device.".
14 Modification to Table 2 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

In the leftmost column:
• add row for 5.13.2, Bluntness of edges, as follows:"
5.13.2 Bluntness of edges ♣ ♣
";
• replace "5.13.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge" with "5.13.3 Tail lift used as a link bridge";
• replace "5.13.3 Visibility of platform" with "5.13.4 Visibility of platform";
• replace "5.14.1.1 Hydraulic systems leakage" with "5.14.1.2 Hydraulic systems leakage";
• replace "5.14.1.2 Mechanical suspensions failure" with "5.14.1.3 Mechanical suspensions failure";
• replace "8.3.1 Marking on the tail lift" with "8.4.1 Marking on the tail lift".
4
15 Modification to 8.1, General

In the last paragraph replace "clause 5 of EN 292-2:1991" with "Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003" to read:
"This information shall comply with Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and with the following additional
provisions.".
16 Modification to 8.3, Inherent risks associated with improper use

In the last hyphen, replace "prEN 1756-2" with "EN 1756-2" to read:
"— rolling off (see EN 1756-2).".
17 Modification to 8.4.1, Marking on the tail lift

Last but one hyphen, replace the existing text with the following:
"— a name plate shall be permanently fitted to the tail lift by the manufacturer. It shall be durably marked and
legible and bear the following information:
 name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative;
 model type;
 designation of the machinery;
 serial or manufacturing number of the manufacturer and the year of completed construction;
 nominal load.
(See 6.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003).".
18 Modification to 8.4.2.2, The installer handbook shall include

Replace the title with:
"8.4.2.2 Installation handbook".
First two sentences, replace with the following text:
"An installation handbook containing information for safe installation shall be supplied with each lift. The
installation handbook shall include the following information:".
19 Modification to 8.4.2.3, The user handbook shall include

rd
In the 3 hyphen, replace the text with the following:
"— user’s safely procedures, e.g.:
 any specific use of the tail lift which shall be avoided;
5
 general description of the equipment and its operating principles;
 description of safety devices;
 use of stabilizers, if provided;
 any special safety precautions which are needed if the platform is allowed to be used as a link bridge;
 the operating method to be followed in the event of accident or breakdown; if a blockage is likely to
occur, the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked;
 the specification of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the health and safety of operators;
 a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his
authorised representative.".
The last sentence, bracket expression, replace "(See clause 5.5 of EN 292-2:1991)" with "(see 6.5 of
EN ISO 12100-2:2003)" to read:
"Wherever possible, above instructions shall be provided in the form of diagrams or pictograms (see 6.5 of
EN ISO 12100-2:2003).".
20 Modification to B.1, General

First sentence, replace with the following text:
"The types of protective measures, detailed in this annex, correspond to the requirements for protection
against crushing and shearing given in 5.11.".
After the first paragraph, add the following note and renumber the existing note "NOTE 2":
"NOTE 1 Any of the following examples may be beneficially supported by the provision of clearly marked operator
positions on the platform or in the vehicle.".
21 Modification to B.2.1, Two-hand control

Last sentence of the second paragraph, replace with the following text:
"The distance (L) between the rear edge of the body and the centre line of the controls shall be between
300 mm and 600 mm, see Figure B.1.".
Delete the NOTE below Figure B.1 and replace with the following text:
"The control shall be fitted on the opposite side of the vehicle to that of the driver's normal sitting position, i.e.
the side on which the steering wheel is located. Hence, the operator should have an operating position at the
kerbside and would be therefore best protected from passing traffic.".
22 Modification to B.2.3, Toe guard

Divide into two sub-clauses by replacing the existing text with the new wording:
"B.2.3.1 Toe guard for vertical movement
For tail lifts with vertical movement only, if the toe guard alternative is adopted, then:
6
 there shall be a minimum horizontal gap of 75 mm between moving parts of the platform and fixed parts
of the vehicle, except at those points where adequate toe protection is provided, e.g. Figures B.6, B.7,
B.8 and B.9;
 such toe protection shall be provided by a guard whose rear sloping edge is at an angle not greater than
30° to the vertical, see Figure B.3.
Dimensions in millimetres
(where not otherwise designated)
Key
1 tail lift platform
2 vehicle floor
Figure B.3 — Toe guard
B.2.3.2 Toe guard for parallelogram type system
For tail lifts with parallelogram movement, if the toe guard alternative is adopted, then:
 the toe guard shall be made of flexible material in order to avoid crushing and shearing;
 such toe protection shall be provided by a guard whose rear sloping edge is at an angle of 45° or less
relative to vertical, see Figure B.4.
7
Key
1 flexible material
Figure B.4 — Toe guard for parallelogram type system
Sufficient protection against crushing and shearing is provided if the interface between the lift platform and the
rear cross member of the vehicle floor is constructed in such a way that for every vertically measured gap of
maximum 35 mm, a horizontal safety distance of minimum 80 mm is available, see Figure B.5.
Figure B.5 — Minimum safety distance (parallelogram lifts)".
8
23 Modification to B.2.4, Hinged foot protector

Replace "Figure B.4" with "Figure B.6" and "Figure B.5" with "Figure B.7".
24 Modification to B.2.5, Safety cut-out

Replace "Figures B.6 and B.7" with "Figures B.8 and B.9", "Figure B.6" with "Figure B.8" and "Figure B.7" with
"Figure B.9".
25 Modification to B.2.6, Automatic toe protector

Above Figure B.10 add "Dimensions in millimetres".
Replace "Figure B.8" with "Figure B.10".
26 Addition of B.2.7
After B.2.6, add the following new subclause:
"B.2.7 Assigned operator position
If the assigned operator position solution is adopted, then the platform and/or vehicle floor shall be marked,
clearly and permanently, with a safe working area, (min. 400 mm × min. 400 mm), set at least 250 mm from
the trapping zone between the platform and the vehicle floor. The marking shall at least include footprints and
square frame, see Figure B.11.
Such assigned operator positions may be used in conjunction with cable-operated remote controls, or with a
fixed internal control.
Figure B.11 — Safety working area".
27 Modification to B.4.2, Safety cut-out

Replace "Figure B.9" with "Figure B.12".
9
28 Modification to Figure C.1, key

Designation of position no. 2, replace "Supporting elements" with "Structural components".
29 Modification to Figure C.2, key

Designation of position no. 2, replace "Supporting elements" with "Structural components".
Position no. 2 at the top frame of the loading area, replace "2" with "3" since it relates to drive elements.
30 Modification to Figure E.1

Replace Figure E.1 with the following: "
10
FOOT CONTROLS
Key
1 safety button
2 up
3 down
a
X option 1
b
X option 2
FOOT LEVER
Key
1 safety button
2 up
3 down
4 neutral
Y detail
11
CONTROL SWITCHES
Key
1 rear of vehicle
2 front of vehicle
3 joystick
TWO HAND CONTROL SWITCHES
".
12
31 Modification to Annex ZA
Replace the old Annex ZA with the new one, as given below.
32 Addition of Annex ZB
Add the new Annex ZB, as given below.
13
Annex ZA
(informative)
"Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.".
14
Annex ZB
(informative)
"Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.".
15
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1756-1:2001+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2008
ICS 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 1756-1:2001
English Version
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety

requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
Hayons élévateurs - Plateformes élévatrices à monter sur Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung and
véhicules roulants - Prescriptions de sécurité - Partie 1: Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1:
Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises Hubladebühnen für Güter
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 5 January 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................5
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................7
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................7
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................9
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................9
4 List of hazards..............................................................................................................................................15
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures ....................................................................................24
5.1 General requirements..................................................................................................................................24
5.2 Working area ................................................................................................................................................24
5.3 Manual effort ................................................................................................................................................25
5.4 Operating speeds.........................................................................................................................................25
5.4.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................25
5.4.2 Vertical speed...............................................................................................................................................25
5.4.3 Closing and opening speeds......................................................................................................................25
5.4.4 Tilting speed.................................................................................................................................................26
5.5 Load stability................................................................................................................................................26
5.5.1 Tilt angle .......................................................................................................................................................26
5.5.2 Stop devices.................................................................................................................................................26
5.6 Limitations of travel.....................................................................................................................................26
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes...........................................................................................................................26
5.8 Unauthorised operation ..............................................................................................................................26
5.9 Isolation of energy sources ........................................................................................................................26
5.10 Tail lift stowage ............................................................................................................................................27
5.10.1 Indication ......................................................................................................................................................27
5.10.2 Security.........................................................................................................................................................27
5.11 Crushing and shearing................................................................................................................................27
5.12 Structure working coefficients ...................................................................................................................27
5.13 Platform ........................................................................................................................................................27
5.13.1 Surface..........................................................................................................................................................27
5.13.2 !Bluntness of edges ................................................................................................................................28
5.13.3 Tail lift used as a link bridge.......................................................................................................................28
5.13.4 Visibility of platform ....................................................................................................................................28
5.14 Drive systems...............................................................................................................................................28
5.14.1 Unintentional movements...........................................................................................................................28
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems ...............................................................................................................29
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems .......................................................................................................................................30
5.15 Safety devices ..............................................................................................................................................31
5.15.1 Safety mechanisms .....................................................................................................................................31
5.15.2 Springs inside safety devices ....................................................................................................................31
5.16 Loading control............................................................................................................................................31
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting excessive loads.........................................................................................................31
5.16.2 Excessive moment.......................................................................................................................................31
5.17 Control devices ............................................................................................................................................31
5.17.1 Hold-to run principle....................................................................................................................................31
5.17.2 Logic .............................................................................................................................................................31
5.17.3 Unintentional operation ..............................................................................................................................31
5.17.4 One control device for several movements ..............................................................................................32
5.17.5 Several control devices for one movement ..............................................................................................32
5.18 Control positions .........................................................................................................................................32
2
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.18.1 Multiple control positions ........................................................................................................................... 32

5.18.2 Location of control positions ..................................................................................................................... 32
6 Optional equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 32
7 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ....................................................................... 32
8 Information for use ...................................................................................................................................... 36
8.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge ...................................................................................................................... 36
8.3 Inherent risks associated with improper use ........................................................................................... 36
8.4 Location and nature of information for use .............................................................................................. 36
8.4.1 Marking on the tail lift.................................................................................................................................. 36
8.4.2 Handbooks ................................................................................................................................................... 37
8.4.3 Inspection record......................................................................................................................................... 39
Annex A (informative) Tail lift mechanisms and types.......................................................................................... 41
A.1 Mechanisms ................................................................................................................................................. 41
A.1.1 Parallelogram ............................................................................................................................................... 41
A.1.2 Column.......................................................................................................................................................... 42
A.1.3 Telescopic .................................................................................................................................................... 43
A.2 Types............................................................................................................................................................. 43
A.2.1 Conventional : (full and part width) ........................................................................................................... 43
A.2.2 Folding platform .......................................................................................................................................... 44
A.2.3 Retractable ................................................................................................................................................... 45
A.2.4 Rotary............................................................................................................................................................ 46
A.2.5 Door mounted .............................................................................................................................................. 47
A.2.6 Inset............................................................................................................................................................... 48
A.2.7 Internally mounted....................................................................................................................................... 48
Annex B (normative) Crushing and shearing......................................................................................................... 49
B.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 49
B.2 Platform lifting and lowering ...................................................................................................................... 49
B.2.1 Two-hand control......................................................................................................................................... 49
B.2.2 Two-foot control .......................................................................................................................................... 50
B.2.3 Toe guard ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
B.2.4 Hinged foot protector .................................................................................................................................. 53
B.2.5 Safety cut-out............................................................................................................................................... 54
B.2.6 Automatic toe protector .............................................................................................................................. 55
B.3 Platforms capable of lifting above vehicle floor level.............................................................................. 57
B.4 Platform closure .......................................................................................................................................... 57
B.4.1 Two-hand control......................................................................................................................................... 57
B.4.2 Safety cut-out............................................................................................................................................... 57
Annex C (informative) Structure and drive system ............................................................................................... 58
Annex D (normative) Drive systems - Steel wire ropes and chains .................................................................... 60
D.1 Recommended specifications of steel wire ropes ................................................................................... 60
D.2 Dimensions of pulley grooves ................................................................................................................... 60
D.3 Flare angle .................................................................................................................................................... 60
D.4 Fleet angles .................................................................................................................................................. 61
D.5 Pitch circle.................................................................................................................................................... 62
Annex E (normative) Examples of controls logic .................................................................................................. 63
Annex F (informative) Marking................................................................................................................................. 65
Annex G (informative) Unintentional operation ..................................................................................................... 66
Annex H (normative) Verification by the installer.................................................................................................. 67
H.1 Compatibility between the lift and the vehicle ......................................................................................... 67
H.2 Static test...................................................................................................................................................... 67
H.2.1 Deformation.................................................................................................................................................. 67
H.2.2 Drift................................................................................................................................................................ 67
H.3 Dynamic test ................................................................................................................................................ 67
H.4 Test of operation and safety function ....................................................................................................... 67
H.5 Test to verify that the tail lift cannot lift excessive load.......................................................................... 68
3
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex I (informative) Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level ...............................................................69

Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC ....................................................................................................70
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC ................................................................................................71
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................72
4
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 "Lifting
platforms", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by September 2008.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-01-05.
This document supersedes EN 1756-1:2001.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
This standard comprises two parts:
Part 1 relates specifically to tail lifts for goods (whether or not accompanied by an operator);
Part 2 covers the special requirements of tail lifts for passengers, including those with disabilities.
This part comprises ten annexes as follows:
 annex A (informative) - Tail lift mechanisms and types;
 annex B (normative) - Crushing and shearing;
 annex C (informative) - Structure and drive system;
 annex D (normative) - Drive systems - Steel wire ropes and chains;
 annex E (normative) - Examples for logicality;
 annex F (informative) - Marking;
 annex G (informative - Unintentional operation;
 annex H (normative) - Verification by the installer;
 annex I (informative) - Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level;
 Annex ZA (informative) - Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
Directive 2006/42/EC;
 Annex ZB (informative) - Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
Directive 2006/42/EC.
"
5
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
This standard includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
6
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard, as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.
While producing this standard, it was assumed that :
 only trained persons operate the machine ;
 components without specific requirements are :
a) designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, Including all failure
modes ;
b) of sound mechanical and electrical construction ;
c) made of materials, with adequate strength and of suitable quality ;
d) free of defects ;
 harmful materials, such as asbestos are not used ;
 components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain fulfilled despite
wear ;
 by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranging from
zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during the tests ;
 with the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device built according to good practice and the
requirements of the standard, will not deteriorate to a point of creating a hazard without the possibility of detection ;
 the equipment is capable of operating correctly within a temperature range of -15 °C to + 40 °C ;
 a negotiation takes place between the manufacturer of the tail lift and the installer for the characteristics of the
supporting wheeled vehicle (see also clause 6 of the standard), the fitting of the tail lift on the vehicle and between
the installer and the user relating to the specific conditions of the use, places of use of the machinery, also some of
the characteristics of the vehicle, the appropriate language ;
 the working area is adequately lit (if lighting is not provided with the tail lift) ;
 if the place of installations allows a vertical falling height of persons of more than 3 meters notwithstanding the
limited travel height indicated in the scope, means external to the machine are used to limit this failing height to 3
meters.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for mounting on
wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that shall be
provided for their use.
This European Standard deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in clause 4 which can
arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as intended by the
manufacturer or his authorized representative.
7
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
It applies to tail lifts :
 used for the purpose of loading and/or unloading such vehicles ;
 intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the wheeled
vehicle ;
 driven either by hand or electric powered ;
 equipped with a platform to support loads which comprise goods, an operator, or a combination of the two ;
 with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above ground, the measurement shall be made when the
platform is unloaded ;
 rotary type with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m ;
 used as a link bridge when intended by the manufacturer.
NOTE A tail lift should not be confused with a link bridge attached to a loading dock which is included within the definition
of a dock leveller and is outside the scope of this standard.
Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower loads
This European Standard does not establish the additional requirements for :
 operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high
temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields) ;
 operations subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres) ;
 supply by electrical networks and the electrical circuit ;
 power take off part of the system ;
 cable less remote control and electronic equipment ;
 electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity) ;
 static electricity problems ;
 handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases,
radiating materials, specially brittle loads) ;
 hazards occurring during installation, transportation, decommissioning ;
 hazards occurring when handling suspended loads which may swing freely ;
 requirement related to the use on public roads ;
 wind pressure in and out of use ;
 direct contact with foodstuffs ;
 earthquake ;
 lightning.
8
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
!deleted text"
EN 457, Auditory danger signals - General requirements - Design and testing.
EN 574:1996, Safety of machinery - Two hand control device – Functional aspects – Principles for design.
EN 811, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs.
EN 982, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components – Hydraulics.
EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery
operation.
EN 1050, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment.
!EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Basic
terminology, methodology.
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Technical
principles."
EN ISO 14122-2, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working platforms and
walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001).
EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and
tactile signals.
!ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of
edges."
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
tail lift
lifting device intended for installation on or in a wheeled vehicle and which is used for loading and/or unloading this
vehicle. The device consists essentially of a platform, a drive system, supporting elements and one or more control
positions
3.2
light tail lift
tail lift whose nominal load does not exceed 500 kg
3.3
link bridge
application of a tail lift in which the platform is used to span from its associated vehicle, to any elevated position
(that may be for example a dock or another vehicle), for the purpose of transfering loads to or from the vehicle
9
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
3.4
tail lift mechanisms
see examples in annex A (informative)
3.5
types of tail lifts
see annex A (informative)
3.6
wheeled vehicle
vehicle, or vehicle body which is intended for carrying goods and/or persons, for road, off-road or rail transport, but
excluding aircraft ground support equipment and/or marine applications
3.7
operator
any person given the task of operating the tail lift
NOTE This is a restricted version of the definition given in !EN ISO 12100-1:2003".
3.8
manufacturer
one which makes the tail lift
3.9
travelling position
any configuration which the tail lift is intended to have while the vehicle is in motion
3.10
working position
any configuration of the tail lift in which the platform is intended to handle a load in an operating position
3.11
operating position
any configuration of the tail lift other than its travelling position
3.11.1
opening
any movement of the platform between a travelling position and a working position
3.11.2
closing
any movement of the platform from a working position to a travelling position
3.11.3
tilting
any angular movement to adjust vertically the platform when it is in a working position
3.12
working area
area on and around the platform and the controls
3.13
danger zone
any zone on, under or in the path of the platform as well as around any part of the mechanism in which a person is
exposed to risk of injury or damage to health
NOTE This definition shall not preclude the platform being a working area
3.14
platform width
dimension of the platform measured parallel to the edge adjacent to the vehicle in the position of Figure 1
10
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
3.15
platform depth
dimension of the platform measured perpendicularly to the edge adjacent to the vehicle in the position of Figure 1
Key
1 Platform depth
2 Platform width
Figure 1 — Platform width and depth
3.16
platform vertical travel distance
distance between the lowest and the highest positions respectively the platform can assume when its surface is
horizontal (see Figure 2)
NOTE The travel distance is a different concept from the height.
11
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key
1 Vertical travel distance
Figure 2 — Platform vertical travel distance
3.17
vertical speed
platform vertical travel distance divided by the time taken by the platform to move through this distance
3.18
load
any mass applied to the platform surface. It includes payload plus any load handling equipment and the mass of
the operator if he is standing on the platform
3.19
maximum load
greatest permitted load as a function of the position of its centre of gravity on the platform as specified by the
manufacturer (see Figure 3)
3.20
nominal load
maximum load having its centre of gravity on the centre line of the platform and placed at a distance from the edge
adjacent to the vehicle in elevated working position of either half the platform depth or 600 mm, whichever is the
lesser distance (see Figures 3 and 4)
12
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key
1 Load
2 Distance
3 Maximum load
4 Nominal load
5 Distance as defined by the manufacturer
Figure 3 — Maximum and nominal load on the platform
13
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key
1 Centre of gravity of the load

2 Half platform depth or 600 mm
Figure 4 — Nominal load
3.21
control device
any device used to operate the tail lift
EXAMPLE button, switch, joystick, pedal, lever !deleted text".
3.22
control position
any location equipped with the necessary control devices to allow the tail lift to be operated. In the case of portable
controls, the control position is any location in which the operator may stand when using the portable control
3.23
drive system
any devices used to generate the movements of the tail lift (see for examples annex C)
3.24
working pressure
pressure at which each components is designed to operate in steady-state lifting and/or tilting conditions
3.25
maximum working pressure
pressure resulting from transient conditions or from the application of permitted load to the platform for example
during link bridge operations or when the vehicle is standing on a gradient
3.26
installer
any person or organization fitting the tail lift onto the vehicle and commissioning it
14
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
3.27
trained person
designated person, suitably trained qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with the
necessary instructions to enable the required operation, test and/or examination to be carried out safely
3.28
appropriate language
language of the country in which the tail lift's wheeled vehicle is first registered, or, by agreement with the user, a
language of the country in which the vehicle will be predominantly used
4 List of hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in
this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to
eliminate or reduce risk (see Table 1 based on EN 1050).
15
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards

Clause Significant hazards Ap- Not Clause of this standard
plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.1 Mechanical hazards, due to :
- machine parts or workpieces, e.g. :
a) shape ; X 5.13.3
b) relative location X
c) mass and stability (potential energy X 5.5.2 ; 5.13 ; annex I

of elements which may move under the
effect of gravity)
d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of X 5.4.2 ; 5.4.3 ; 5.4.4

elements in controlled or uncontrolled
motion) ;
e) inadequacy of mechanical strength X 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2 ; 5.14.3.2 ;

5.14.3.3
- accumulation of energy inside the

machinery, e.g. :
f) elastic elements (springs) X 8.4.2.4
g) liquids and gases under pressure ; X 5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3
4.1.1 Crushing hazard X 5.11 ; annex B
4.1.2 Shearing hazard X 5.11 ; annex B
4.1.3 Cutting or severing hazard X NOT DEALT WITH
4.1.4 Entanglement hazard X 5.14.2.1
4.1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard X 8.4.1 ; annex B
4.1.6 Impact hazard X 5.2 ; 5.4 ; 5.10.2 ; 5.13.3 ; 5.18.2
4.1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard X
(continued)
16
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards (continued)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard X
4.1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection X 5.14.3.2 ; 5.14.3.3

hazard
4.2 Electrical hazards, due to :
4.2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct X NOT DEALT WITH
contact)
4.2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have X NOT DEALT WITH
become live under faulty conditions
(indirect contact)
4.2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage X NOT DEALT WITH
4.2.4 Electrostatics phenomena X
4.2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena X

such as the projection of molten particles
and chemical effects from short circuits,
overloads, etc..
4.3 Thermal hazards, resulting in :
4.3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a X

possible contact of persons with object or
materials with an extreme high or low
temperature, by flames or explosions and
also by the radiation of heat sources
4.3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold working X

environment
4.4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in
4.4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other X

physiological disorders (e.g. loss of
balance, loss of awareness
4.4.2 Interference with speech communication, X

acoustic signals, etc.
4.5 Hazards generated by vibration
4.5.1 Use of hand-held machines resulting in a X

variety of neurological and vascular
disorders
(continued)
17
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
!Table 1" — List of significant hazards (continued)
Clause Hazards Ap- Not Clause of prEN 1756-1

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly when X

combined with poor postures
4.6 Hazards generated by radiation
4.6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, X

micro waves
4.6.2 Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light X
4.6.3 X and gamma rays X
4.6.4 Alpha, bet rays, electron or ion beams, X

neutrons
4.6.5 Lasers X
4.7 Hazards generated by materials and

substances (and their constituent
elements) processed or used by the
machinery
4.7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of X

harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and
dusts
4.7.2 Fire or explosion hazard X 5.9
4.7.3 Biological or microbiological (viral or X

bacterial) hazards
4.8 Hazards generated by neglecting

ergonomic principles in machinery
design as, e.g. hazards from :
4.8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort X 5.2 ; 5.3 ; 5.18.2 ; annex B
4.8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or X 5.2 ; 5.18.2 , annex B ; annex E

foot-leg anatomy
4.8.3 Neglected use of personal protection X 8.4.2.3

equipment
4.8.4 Inadequate local lighting X 5.2 ; 8.4.2
4.8.5 Mental overload and underload, stress X
(continued)
18
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.8.6 Human error, human behaviour X 5.17 ; 5.10 ; 8.4.1 ; annex B ; annex E
4.8.7 Inadequate design, location or X 5.17 ; 5.18 , annex B ; annex F

identification of manual controls
4.8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual X

display units
4.9 Combination of hazards
4.10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected over-

run/over-speed (or any similar
malfunction) from :
4.10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system X 5.8 ; 5.9 ; 5.15.1 ; 5.17 ; 5.18.1 ; 5.14 ;
annex D
4.10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an X 5.9 ; 5.17.1

interruption
4.10.3 External influences on electrical equipment X NOT DEALT WITH (E.M.C.)
4.10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, X NOT DEALT WITH

etc.)
4.10.5 Errors in the software X NOT DEALT WITH
4.10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to X 5.17.1 ; 5.17.2 ; 5.17.3 ; 5.17.4 ; clause 8 ;
mismatch of machinery with human annex E ; annex F
characteristics and abilities)
4.11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in X NOT DEALT WITH

the best possible conditions
4.12 Variations in the rotational speed of X

tools
4.13 Failure of the power supply X 5.9
4.14 Failure of the control circuit X 5.8 ; 5.9 ; 5.17 ; 5.18.1 ; 5.14
4.15 Errors of fitting X 8.4.2 ; annex H ;
4.16 Break-up during operation X 5.12 ; 5.13 ; 5.14 ; annex C ; annex D
4.17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids X 5.5 ; 5.4 ; 5.6 ; 5.13 ; 5.7 ; 5.14.1
4.18 Loss of stability / overturning of X 5.16; clause 6; annex I

machinery
(continued)
19
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to X 5.2 ; 5.13

machinery)
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
4.20 Relating to the travelling function
4.20.1 Movement when starting the engine X
4.20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving X

position
4.20.3 Movement without all parts in a safe X 8.4.2.3 ; 5.10.1

position
4.20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled X

machinery
4.20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving X
4.20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be X

slowed down, stopped and immobilised
4.21 Linked to the work position (including

driving station) on the machine
4.21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or X

at/from) the work position
4.21.2 Exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the work X

position
4.21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack of X

extinguishing means)
4.21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position
a) contact with the wheels X
b) rollover X
c) fall of objects, penetration by X 5.4 ; 5.5 ; 5.6 ; 5.13.1

objects
d) break-up of parts rotating at high X

speed
e) contact of persons with machine X

parts or tools (pedestrian controlled
machines)
(continued)
20
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions X 5.2 ; 5.18 ; annex B ; annex E
4.21.6 Inadequate lighting X 5.2 ; 8.4.2.3
4.21.7 Inadequate seating X
4.21.8 Noise at the work position X
4.21.9 Vibration at the work position X
4.21.10 Insufficient means for evacuation / X

emergency exit
4.22 Due to the control system
4.22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls X 5.18 ; annex B
4.22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and X 5.17.2 ; 5.17.3 ; annex E ; annex F
their mode operation
4.23 From handling the machine (lack of X

stability)
4.24 Due to the power source and to the

transmission of power
4.24.1 Hazards from the engine and the batteries X NOT DEALT WITH
4.24.2 Hazards from transmission of power X NOT DEALT WITH

between machines
4.24.3 Hazards from coupling and towing X
4.25 From/to third persons
4.25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use X 5.8
4.25.2 Drift of part away from its stopping X H.2.2

position
4.25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic X 8.4.1 ; 5.13.3 ; 5.17.3 ; 5.2

warning means
4.26 Insufficient instructions for the X 8.4.2.3

driver/operator
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
(continued)
21
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous

events
4.27.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping

caused by :
4.27.1.1 Lack of stability X 5.5 ; 5.6 ; annex I ; 5.2 ; 5.13
4.27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – X 5.16 ; annex I

overturning moments exceeded
4.27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements X 5.4
4.27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of X 5.5.2 ; 5.13 ; 6

loads
4.27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories X 5.5.2
4.27.1.6 Collision of more than one machine X
4.27.2 From access of persons to load support X
4.27.3 From derailment X
4.27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of X 5.12 ; 5.13 ; 5.14 ; annex D

parts
4.27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, drums X 5.12 ; 5.14 ; annex D
4.27.6 From inadequate selection of chains, X 5.12 ; 5.14 ; annex D

ropes, lifting and accessories and their
inadequate integration into the machine
4.27.7 From lowering of the load under the control X

of friction brake
4.27.8 From abnormal conditions of X 5.19 ; 8.3.1 ; 8.4.2 ; annex E ; annex F ;

assembly/testing/use/maintenance annex G ; annex H ; annex I
4.27.9 From the effect of load on persons (impact X

by load or counterweight)
4.28 Electrical hazards
4.28.1 From lightning X
4.29 Hazards generated by neglecting

ergonomic principles
(continued)
22
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
!Table 1" — List of significant hazards (concluded)

plica Ap-
-ble plica
-ble
4.29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving X 5.18 ; annex B

position
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to underground work

events due to :
4.30.1 Lack of stability of powered roof supports X
4.30.2 Failing accelerator or brake control of X

machinery running on rails
4.30.3 Failing or lack of deadman's control of X

machinery running on rails
4.31 Restricted movement of persons X
4.32 Fire and explosion X
4.33 Emissions of dust, gases etc. X
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of persons

events due to :
4.34.1 Inadequate mechanical strength – X 5.12 ; 5.14.2.1 ; 5.14.2.2

Inadequate working coefficients
4.34.2 Failing of loading control X
4.34.3 Failing of controls in person carrier X

(function, priority)
4.35 Falling of person from person carrier X 5.2 ; 5.18.2
4.36 Falling or overturning of person carrier X 5.14 ; 6 ; 8.4.2.2
4.37 Human error, human behaviour X
23
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General requirements
Except where otherwise specified in the text, tail lifts shall generally comply with the provisions of :
 EN 811 for safety distances ;
 EN 982 for hydraulic equipment.
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause and with reference to
!EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN ISO 12100-2:2003" for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt
with in this standard.
For the application of the standards the manufacturer shall carry out an adequate risk assessment for the
requirement thereof where choice is necessary.
NOTE This specific risk assessment is part of the general risk assessment relating to the hazards not covered by this
C standard.
5.2 Working area
!Tail lift working areas and operators locations shall be provided with means to allow safe access, position and
work. Where necessary, these shall include the provision of suitable work lighting to the loading area. The
operator's positions shall allow an adequate view of the working area, the load and any danger zones."
In the case of a tail lift platform where there is a risk of failing of more than 2 m, the following requirements shall be
met :
 handrails shall be provided on the exposed sides of the platform
These handrails shall be :
 removable or foldable ;
 of a minimum height of 1 100 mm ;
 the free vertical space shall not exceed 500 mm ;
 in the case of an interrupted handrail, the maximum clear space between two guard-rail segments shall
not exceed 120 mm. If there is a larger opening, a self closing gate shall be used ;
 for the testing of the hand rail, apply a minimum load of 300 N, the load applied horizontally at the most
critical location. The deflection during the loading shall not exceed 30 mm and, after unloading, there shall
be no remaining deformation.
!The fixing system shall remain attached to the guard rail segments or to the platform when the guard rails are
removed."
During lowering a visual and audible warning device shall be actuated as soon as the lowering control is actuated.
Such visual or audible warning device shall comply with EN 61310-1 or EN 457.
24
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.3 Manual effort
Manual effort shall not exceed 250 N in accordance with the requirements of EN 1005-3.
However, to initiate motion, the effort shall not exceed 350 N.
NOTE These requirements do not apply to the effort used when handling loads.
5.4 Operating speeds
5.4.1 General
The measurements shall be made with the worst loading conditions and a limit deviation of ± 10 % allowed.
5.4.2 Vertical speed
The vertical speed of the platform shall not exceed 0,15 m/s.
5.4.3 Closing and opening speeds
If the platform is closed and/or opened other than by manual effort, the angular closing and opening speeds of the
platform shall not exceed 10°/s.
This requirement may be relaxed if provision is made to automatically arrest the movements of platforms without
causing injury if it meets an obstruction.
In case of folding operations of platforms, any part of the tail lift that is below 1500 mm from the ground (see
Figure 5) (horizontal level hard surface) may travel at speeds up to 0,7 m/s, provided that the operator has an
adequate view of the movements.
Figure 5
Any other powered movements of unprotected reachable parts involved in closing and/or opening a tail lift shall be
at a speed not exceeding 0.3 m/s.
25
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.4.4 Tilting speed
If the platform has its slope adjusted other than by manual effort, then any control device fitted to the platform, or
accessible to an operator on the platform shall not be capable of causing the platform to tilt at an angular speed
exceeding 4°/s.
Any other control device shall not be capable of causing the platform to tilt at an angular speed exceeding 10°/s.
5.5 Load stability
5.5.1 Tilt angle
No control device fitted to or accessible to an operator standing on the platform shall be capable of causing a
platform to tilt to an angle greater than 10° from the horizontal (measured when the vehicle is standing on
horizontal ground) except when the platform is at ground level.
5.5.2 Stop devices
If the platform is designed to lift or lower wheeled load(s), (see clause 0 negociation), then it shall be provided with
device(s) to prevent the load(s)) from rolling unintentionnally off the edge(s) intended to be used to load or unload.
These devices shall have a minimum hight of 50 mm.
5.6 Limitations of travel
All movements of the tail lift shall be limited at end of travel by mechanical means.
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes
Unshielded hydraulic pipes and electric wires shall be placed and fitted so as to avoid damage due to movements
resulting from the operation of the tail lift or the vehicle.
5.8 Unauthorised operation
The tail lift shall be equipped with a system to prevent any unauthorized operation in the absence of the operator.
EXAMPLE 1 Locking and unlocking by a key or a code.
EXAMPLE 2 On/off switch inside lockable driver's carb.
5.9 Isolation of energy sources
Where the tail lift has an electrical circuit :
a) current limiting devices shall be provided to prevent excessive electrical current occurring in the control and
main power circuits. In the case of the main power circuit, the device shall be mounted as close to the battery
as is practicable :
EXAMPLE 1 A fuse.
EXAMPLE 2 An overload cut-out which requires manual reset.
b) it shall be possible to disconnect the electric supply :
EXAMPLE 1 By an isolator switch.
EXAMPLE 2 By disconnecting one of the battery connections.
26
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.10 Tail lift stowage
5.10.1 Indication
With the exception of internally mounted tail lifts, it shall be possible for the driver of the vehicle at his normal
driving position to ascertain that the tail lift has been stowed in its travelling position with an indication on his
dashboard. The manufacturer of the tail lift shall at least provide a signal.
5.10.2 Security
When in its travelling position, a tail lift shall be stowed securely so as to reduce the risk of becoming displaced in
the event of a collision of the carrier vehicle.
5.11 Crushing and shearing
!Tail lifts shall be equipped with one or more protective measures to avoid the operator being exposed to
crushing and shearing. The selection of the type of protective measure is made by the manufacturer, depending on
actual type and design of the tail lift.
Safety measures shall be adopted to ensure that any other persons standing on the platform are not exposed to
any avoidable risk.
Annex B gives some typical examples to avoid risk of crushing and shearing, see also Clause 8."
5.12 Structure working coefficients
For the structural components of the tail lift the working coefficients based on the yield strength of the material shall
be as follows :
 for a tail lift for which a person is permitted to be on the platform (see clause 8), the working coefficient shall be
not less than 2,1 ;
 for a tail lift for which a person is not permitted to be on the platform (see clause 8), the working coefficient
shall be not less than 1,75.
5.13 Platform
5.13.1 Surface
The platform surface shall be resistant to slipping. !It" shall resist slipping at the maximum lateral and
longitudinal angles that the manufacturer foresees that the platform may adopt in an elevated working position. Slip
resistance shall be measured by the methods defined in EN ISO 14122-2. It shall be easy to remove hazardous
substances, particularly ice, snow and fluid without damaging the surface.
EXAMPLE Raised profile plate.
Any part of the platform on which an operator may walk or stand shall be free from any permanent impediment that
might cause tripping. The following exceptions are permitted :
1) a safety barrier ;
2) a deployed stop device ;
3) when not exceeding 25 mm height : any lighting device, control for a stop device or any foot control.
Any part of the platform on which an operator may not walk or stand shall be clearly marked.
27
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.13.2 !Bluntness of edges
The outer edges of the platform to the left, to the right and backwards shall not present any sharp edges or acute
angles/corners. Radius of corners and bluntness of edges shall be no less than 1,5 mm."
5.13.3 Tail lift used as a link bridge
If the platform is designed (see clause 8) to allow use as a link bridge, then the tail lift shall be equipped with such
devices as may be necessary to ensure safe use in that application.
EXAMPLE 1 A device to allow the platform to float towards the closed position.
EXAMPLE 2 A device for stabilizing the vehicle level during loading and unloading operations.
Information shall also be provided by means of safety labels and operator's instructions to highlight any special
precautions necessary.
5.13.4 Visibility of platform
If, in an operating position, the platform protrudes beyond the extremities of the vehicle, warning devices shall be
fitted so that it can be seen from all approachable sides in the daylight and at night.
EXAMPLE 1 Lights.
EXAMPLE 2 Reflective flag.
EXAMPLE 3 Reflective stickers.
NOTE National regulations out of the scope of Machinery Directive may be applicable.
5.14 Drive systems
NOTE Requirements for lead screw and nuts have not been take in consideration.
5.14.1 Unintentional movements
5.14.1.1 General
The drive system shall be designed in such a way that only intentional movements induced by control shall be
possible. Whenever the control is not being operated, the tail lift shall remain motionless (see 5.17.1) with the
exception made in H.2.2.
EXAMPLE 1 Mechanical drives with self-braking capability or with independent direct acting brakes.
EXAMPLE 2 Hydraulic systems with normally closed valves.
5.14.1.2 Hydraulic systems leakage
Tail lifts equipped with an hydraulic system shall be designed so that !if" the hydraulic circuit leaks the
maximum speed for any movement shall not exceed the usual operating speed by more than 50%. Furthermore,
after the control has been released no part of the platform shall move more than 100 mm (drifts due to internal
leakages are not taken into account).
EXAMPLE Self-locking valves rigidly and directly connected to a cylinder.
In the case of any light tail lift, whose platform vertical travel does not exceed 1,6 m, the platform may continue to
descend in the event of a hose or pipe failure at a rate not exceeding 0,165 m/s. (even after the control has been
released).
28
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.14.1.3 Mechanical suspensions failure
Any tail lift in which the platform is suspended by rope, chain, lead screws and nuts, or toothed racks and pinions
shall be equipped with a device which, in the event of a failure of such a suspension, would arrest the descent of
the platform on the side where the failure has occurred within 100 mm of its position at the time of failure. Such a
safety device shall be effective when the platform is at rest or whilst being lifted or lowered.
EXAMPLE 1 Slack wire/chain detector and associated automatic platform arresting device.
EXAMPLE 2 Secondary suspension (see 5.14.2.7).
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems
5.14.2.1 Steel wire ropes
(See annex D).
Splices, cast rope sockets, swaged aluminium or steel sockets shall be used as wire rope terminations
If rope eyelets are used, they shall have a thimble insert.
Rope clamps based on a U-bolt are permissible only if their equivalence is proved.
The working coefficient of the wire ropes related to their minimum breaking load of the rope shall not be less than :
 for a tail lift for which a person is intended to be on the platform (see clause 8) the working coefficient shall be
not less than 7 if strict discard criteria for the rope are specified by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the working
coefficient shall be not less than 8 ;
 for a tail lift for which a person is not permitted to be on the platform (see clause 8) the working coefficient shall
be not less than 5.
The minimum diameter of pulleys measured at the bottom of the groove shall be not less than 12 times the
diameter of the associated wire rope.
Pulley grooves shall comply with annex D.
Wire rope drums shall be designed to prevent rope entanglement. If entanglement cannot be reliably prevented,
then ropes shall be wound on drums in a single layer only. When the lifting platform is in its lowest position, there
shall remain at least two turns of rope on the drum. The ratio of drum diameter to rope diameter shall be not less
than 16.
5.14.2.2 Steel chains
See annex D.
Chains shall be of leaf or roller construction.
The working coefficient of chain related to their breaking load shall not be less than :
 for a tail lift on which a person is permitted to be on the platform (see clause 8) the working coefficient shall be
not less than 8 ;
 for a tail lift for which a person is not permitted to be on the platform (see clause 8) the working coefficient shall
be not less than 6.
The minimum diameter of a chain pulley or sprocket measured at the chain pitch circle shall be not less than
4,8 times the pitch of the chain (see Figure D.3).
29
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.14.2.3 Rope or chain retention
The installation of all wire rope pulleys or chain pulleys and sprockets shall be designed to retain the wire rope or
chain in position.
5.14.2.4 Angle of lead (fleet angle)
The angle between a wire rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its associated pulley shall not exceed 5°.
The angle between a wire rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its associated drum shall not exceed 2,5°.
The angle between a chain and a plane perpendicular to the axis of its pulley or its sprocket shall not exceed 1,5°.
(see Figures D.2a and D.2b).
5.14.2.5 Adjusting device
If two or more wire ropes or chains are used to support the platform, then a device shall be provided for adjusting
the effective length of at least one rope or chain.
5.14.2.6 Wire rope and drum suspensions
Where the suspension of the platform comprises a wire rope in association with a drum, a safety device shall be
provided which, in the event of a slack rope condition, will disable the lowering function. In these circumstances, the
lifting motion shall remain available.
5.14.2.7 Secondary suspension (unloaded safety suspension)
If ropes, chains, lead screws and nuts or racks and pinions are provided as unloaded secondary suspensions to
take the load, should the primary suspension fail, then it shall not be possible after the breakage of the primary
suspension to move the tail lift other than towards its travelling position when discharged.
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems
5.14.3.1 General
EN 982 applies with the following particular requirements.
Adjustments of pressure limiting devices, flow regulators loading control devices shall at least be made detectable
(e.g. sealed cap, lead sealing). These requirements are not !applicable" when they are protected against an
unauthorized action (e.g. if special tool is needed).
5.14.3.2 Rating of hoses
The rating of hoses with their associated fittings shall be such that bursting pressure is at least four times the
maximum pressure that the hose may be exposed to in its application.
5.14.3.3 Pressure limiting device
Pressure limiting devices shall be provided to prevent the application to any hydraulic system a pressure higher
than 1,25 times the working pressure.
The pressure limiting device shall not operate in response to any load being applied to an elevated platform.
5.14.3.4 Pressure gauge
Each hydraulic circuit shall have an easily accessible place where a pressure gauge can be connected.
30
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
5.14.3.5 Reservoir
A reservoir shall be provided that shall have at least 10% more effective capacity than that necessary for normal tail
lift operation, in order to ensure an uninterrupted flow of fluid to the pump.
If the reservoir is vented to atmosphere, a filter/breather shall be provided for the incoming air.
It shall be possible to cheek easily the fluid level in the reservoir.
EXAMPLE 1 Sight glass.
EXAMPLE 2 Translucent tank.
EXAMPLE 3 Dip stick.
5.15 Safety devices
5.15.1 Safety mechanisms
Mechanical safety devices and mechanical parts of other safety devices shall preferably operate through active
positive action. They shall work effectively in all foreseeable conditions.
5.15.2 Springs inside safety devices
Any mechanical safety device incorporating springs shall, unless its long term durability has already been proven,
be so designed to retain its effectiveness in the event of failure of a single spring element.
5.16 Loading control
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting excessive loads
A tail lift shall not be capable of lifting more than !125 %" of its maximum load from the ground (for testing, see
annex H).
5.16.2 Excessive moment
To minimise hazards due to excessive moments on the platform, any platform whose depth exceeds 1 200 mm
shall be durably marked to show the limiting position of the centre of gravity of the greatest permissible load.
5.17 Control devices
5.17.1 Hold-to run principle
Every control device of hold to run principle shall be designed in such a way that the tail lift shall stop moving and
remain motionless after the control is released (see 5.14.1).
5.17.2 Logic
Every control device shall be designed in such a way that the direction of the control operation is logically
consistent with the movement generated (see annex E).
5.17.3 Unintentional operation
Controls shall be designed to avoid actuation other than by intentional action(s) such as :
EXAMPLE 1 Single controls may be recessed or covered.
EXAMPLE 2 Controls may be duplicated ("two-hand" or "two-foot" control).

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EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
EXAMPLE 3 Controls may be designed to require a specific sequence of operations.
(For examples, see annex G).
5.17.4 One control device for several movements
If several movements are initiated simultaneously by one control device, means shall be provided to prevent any
possible risks associated with potentially dangerous conflicting movements.
5.17.5 Several control devices for one movement
!If fixed controls are used to open, close or fold the platform then the controls shall be of the two-hand control
type, see Figure B.1.
Where two-hand or two-foot controls are adopted, the following requirements shall be met:"
a) the distance between the control devices shall be such that both hands or both feet shall necessarily be used
to operate the controls (see annex B) ;
b) the movement shall take place only after all relevant control devices have been actuated ;
c) the movement shall stop as soon as one or more of the controls is released ;
d) the designs of such systems shall prevent an operator from negating the safety feature by fixing any control.
The specification of two hand control device shall comply with EN 574:1996, clause 4, Table 1, type I.
!If portable controls are used to open, close or fold a platform then those controls shall require the operation of
more than one control device."
5.18 Control positions
5.18.1 Multiple control positions
If more than one control positions are provided, then any risk associated with conflicting commands shall be
prevented.
Priority between multiple control positions shall be determined taking into account the intended use of the tail lift.
5.18.2 Location of control positions
Where installed on tail lifts the control positions shall be located so as to give the operator a secure working
position and also good visibility of the load, the platform and surrounding areas. They shall also be located so as to
minimize risks from passing traffic (see also Figures B.1 and B.2).
6 Optional equipment
The tail lift installer shall in consultation with his manufacturer and user confirm the compatibility between the tail lift
and the vehicle taking into account the intended use.
7 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

It is necessary to verify that the requirements of this standard have been incorporated in the design, manufacture
and/or installation of the tail lift. Verification shall be achieved as given in Table 2 :
32
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Table 2 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

Requirement Method of verification
Measu- Visual Functio- Assess- Calcula- Manufac-

rement exami- nal ment of tion by turer's
nation exami- documen- the type test
nation tation manufac-
turer
5.1 General requirements ♣ ♣ ♣
5.2 Working area ♣ ♣
5.3 Manual effort

♦ ♣ ♣ ♣
5.4.2 Vertical speed ♦ ♣
5.4.3 Closing and opening speeds ♦ ♣
5.4.4 Tilting speed ♦ ♣
5.5.1 Tilt angle ♦ ♣ ♣
5.5.2 Stop devices ♦ ♦ ♣
5.6 Limitations of travel ♦ ♣ ♣
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes ♦ ♣ ♣ ♣
5.8 Unauthorized operation ♣♦ ♣
5.9 Isolation of energy sources ♦ ♣ ♣

(continued)
33
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Table 2 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures (continued)

turer
5.10.1 Indication ♦ ♣
5.10.2 Security ♦ ♣
5.11 Crushing and shearing ♦ ♦ ♣
5.12 Structure working coefficients ♣ ♣
5.13.1 Surface ♣
!5.13.2 Bluntness of edges ♣ ♣"
!5.13.3 Tail lift used as a link bridge" ♦ ♣ ♣ ♣
!5.13.4 Visibility of platform" ♦ ♣
5.14.1 Unintentional movements ♦ ♣
!5.14.1.2 Hydraulic systems leakage" ♦ ♣
!5.14.1.3 Mechanical suspensions ♦ ♣

failure"
5.14.2.1 Steel wire ropes ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣
5.14.2.2 Steel chains ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣
5.14.2.3 Rope or chain retention ♣ ♣ ♣
5.14.2.4 Angle of lead (fleet angle) ♣ ♣
5.14.2.5 Adjusting device ♣ ♣
5.14.2.6 Wire rope and drum suspensions ♣♦
5.14.2.7 Secondary suspension ♣ ♣ ♣
(continued)
34
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Table 2 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures (concluded)

turer
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems ♣ ♣ ♣
5.14.3.2 Rating of hoses ♣ ♣ ♣
5.14.3.3 Pressure limiting device ♣ ♣
5.14.3.4 Pressure gauge ♣ ♣
5.14.3.5 Reservoir ♣ ♣ ♣
5.15.1 Safety mechanisms ♣ ♣
5.15.2 Springs inside safety devices ♣
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting excessive loads ♦ ♣ ♣
5.16.2 Excessive moment ♣ ♣
5.17.1 Hold-to-run principle ♣ ♣
5.17.2 Logic ♣♦ ♣ ♣
5.17.3 Unintentional operation ♣ ♣
5.17.4 One control device for several ♣ ♣

movements
5.17.5 Several control devices for one ♣ ♣

movement
5.18.1 Multiple control positions ♣♦ ♣ ♣
5.18.2 Location of control positions ♦ ♣
!8.4.1 Marking on the tail lift" ♣ ♣
♦ : for the installer, as defined by the manufacturer procedure (see 8.3.2.2).

♣ : for the manufacturer
35
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
8 Information for use
8.1 General
Information for use may consist of text, words, signs, signals, symbols or diagrams, used separately or in
combination. It is directed to the installer and the user.
The information of use is an integral part of the supply of the tail lift.
This information shall comply with !Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003" and with the following additional
provisions.
8.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge
The manufacturer shall advise whether or not the tail lift may be used as a link bridge. If this use is allowed,
information shall be provided describing the devices equipping the tail lift to ensure a safe use in that application.
The information shall include :
 for the installer :
 the fitting of the device(s) where appropriate ;
 the test to check the fitness for purpose ;
 a device(s) for stabilizing the vehicle level during loading and unloading operations where appropriate.
 for the user :
 the operating instructions ;
 the maximum load capacity ; this information shall be permanently marked in a position clearly visible from
the working area (see EN 61310-2).
8.3 Inherent risks associated with improper use
 Non-intended use :
 lifting of persons other than the operator, in particular disabled persons.
 Inherent risks :
 crushing and shearing ;
 falling;
 rolling off (see !EN 1756-2").
8.4 Location and nature of information for use
8.4.1 Marking on the tail lift
 any part of the platform on which an operator shall not walk or stand shall be clearly marked ;
 information shall also be provided by means of safety labels and operator's instructions to highlight any special
precautions necessary ;
36
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
 controls shall be legible and durably marked with symbols or text clearly indicating the resulting direction of
movement. Portable control devices shall also have an unequivocal marking of their own orientation (for examples,
see annex F (informative)) ;
 !a name plate shall be permanently fitted to the tail lift by the manufacturer. It shall be durably marked and
legible and bear at least the following information :
 name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative;
 model type;
 designation of the machinery;
 serial or manufacturing number of the manufacturer and the year of completed construction;
 nominal load.
(See 6.4 of EN 12100-2:2003)."
 Where the maximum load depends on its location on the platform, a durably marked load plate shall be
permanently fitted and apparent from the main control station to indicate, preferably in clear diagrammatic form or
by means of tables, the maximum load for each load position.
8.4.2 Handbooks
8.4.2.1 Information for maintenance and inspection
The manufacturer shall advise the user to support the platform securely before carrying out inspection or
maintenance.
8.4.2.2 !Installation handbook"
!An installation handbook containing information for safe installation shall be supplied with each lift. The
installation handbook shall include the following information:"
 minimum section of electrical wires (where provided by the installer) ;
 minimum diameter and quality of bolts, rivets and all means of fitting between the tail lift and the vehicle (where
provided by the installer) ;
 tightening torque for threaded fasteners ;
 recommended hydraulic fluid ;
 explanation of any mechanical, electrical and hydraulic systems ;
 information about pressure adjustment ;
 stability of the vehicle and tail lift combination : the manufacturer shall give the weight and the location of the
centre of gravity of the unloaded tail lift and of the load ;
The installer shall determine whether it is necessary to have stabilizers for use with the tail lift ; he shall ensure
that these are provided :
 as an integral part of the tail lift ;
 as separate items provided by the tail lift manufacturer ;
37
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
 or separate items provided by a third party.
 necessity of a risk assessment for the installation and commissioning operation ;
 checking that the marking specified in 5.16.2 is always valid and change if necessary ;
 procedure for installation on vehicle ;
 location of control position (see Figures B.1 and B.2) ;
 special precautions to be taken for installation ;
 fitting instructions for any stabilisers ;
 welding instructions ;
 information on manual effort ;
 procedure for tests after installation (as required by annex H (normative)) ;
 fitting of handrails on platform when failing height is more than 2 meters ;
 location for safety marking on the tall lift ;
 fitting of work lighting.
8.4.2.3 The user handbook shall include
 intended uses ;
 method of operating the tail lift ;
 !user's safely procedures, e.g.:
 any specific use of the tail lift which shall be avoided;
 general description of the equipment and its operating principles;
 description of safety devices;
 use of stabilizers, if provided;
 any special safety precautions which are needed if the platform is allowed to be used as a link bridge;
 the operating method to be followed in the event of accident or breakdown; if a blockage is likely to occur,
the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked;
 the specification of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the health and safety of operators;
 a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his authorised
representative."
 advice to check on a daily basis the presence and effectiveness of all safety and warning devices safety labels
and information and to take action to rectify any deficiency ;
 the provision of suitable work lighting to the loading area where necessary ;
 operator's positions allowing an adequate view of the working area, the load and any danger zones ;
38
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
 instructions for position and distribution of load on the platform ;
 information about working area and danger zone ;
 advice to the operator wherever he intends to ride on the platform to leave sufficient space when loading the
platform so that he can stand without risk of failing ;
 when removable handrails are provided, instruction shall be given that these shall be fitted whenever there is a
risk of failing more than 2 meters.
Wherever possible, the above instructions shall be provided in the form of diagrams or pictograms !(see 6.5 of
EN ISO 12100-2:2003)".
8.4.2.4 Maintenance instructions
 safety information about components which store energy, e.g. springs ;
 nature and frequency of inspections and the need for corrective action :
 regular inspection including the presence and effective operation of all safety devices ;
 exceptional inspection, including tests according to annex H (normative) after any major alterations or
repairs ;
 the tail lift manufacturer shall be in a position to supply on request a detailed list of service replacement parts ;
 discard criteria for parts ;
 explanation of any mechanical, electrical and hydraulic systems ;
 main types of failure and their solutions, mentioning safety measures to be taken, e.g :
 functional failure of a tail lift system ;
 failure of a safety device ;
 structural failure ;
 hydraulic leaks ;
 nature and frequency of maintenance procedures, e.g. :
 lubrification,
 topping up fluid levels,
 replacement of any defective hoses or electrical cables ;
 recommended lubricants, hydraulic fluid, minimum and maximum fluid levels according to platform positions,
pressure setting ;
 electrical wiring and hydraulic diagrams.
8.4.3 Inspection record
The manufacturer shall provide a handbook containing :
 the manufacturer's EC declaration of conformity of the tail lift before installation ;

39
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
 provisions for the installer's declaration of installation in conformity with the manufacturer's instructions ;
 provision for records of test after installation ;
 provision for records of regular inspections ;
 provision for reports of exceptional inspections and major repairs.
40
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex A
(informative)
Tail lift mechanisms and types
A.1 Mechanisms
A.1.1 Parallelogram
Tail lift in which the mechanism includes a parallelogram linkage and in which the platform travels in a circular arc
(see Figures A.1 and A.2).
Figure A.1 — External parallelogram mechanism
41
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Figure A.2 — External parallelogram mechanism
A.1.2 Column
Tail lift in which the mechanism includes a pair of slotted guides in which platform supporting slides are provided,
capable of being lifted or lowered by a chain or wire rope suspension (see Figure A.3).
Figure A.3 — External column mechanism
42
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
A.1.3 Telescopic
Tail lift in which the mechanism includes two or more concentric members, one of which supports the platform. A
mechanism is provided to extend or retract one member with respect to another in order to lift or lower the platform
(see Figure A.4).
Figure A.4 — Internal telescopic mechanism
A.2 Types
A.2.1 Conventional : (full and part width)
Tail lift in which the platform is carried in a vertical plane against the body.
 full width : tail lift in which the platform is approximately the width of the vehicle, (see Figure A.5) ;
 part width : tail lift in which the platform is significantly less than the width of the vehicle, (see Figure A.6).
43
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Figure A.5 — External conventional type (full width)
Figure A.6 — External conventional type (part width)
A.2.2 Folding platform
Tail lift in which the platform is folded one or more times before it is put in travelling position (see Figure A.7).
44
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Figure A.7 — External folding platform type
A.2.3 Retractable
Tail lift in which the platform is retracted to a travelling position below the body of the vehicle. (see Figures A.8
and A.9).
Figure A.8 — External retractable type (single folding)
45
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Figure A.9 — External retractable type (double folding)
A.2.4 Rotary
Tail lift which may be rotated about a vertical axis to be stowed inside or under the vehicle in its travelling position.
Figure A.10 — External rotary type
46
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Figure A.11 — Internal rotary type
A.2.5 Door mounted
Tail lift which is supported on a vehicle door (see Figure A.12).
Figure A.12 — Internal door mounted tail lift
47
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
A.2.6 Inset
Tail lift in which the platform in its travelling position forms part of the vehicle floor (see Figure A.13).
Figure A.13 — Inset tail lift
A.2.7 Internally mounted
Tail lift which in its travelling position is fully enclosed within the vehicle body and in which the vehicle door(s)
cannot be closed unless the tail lift has been stowed (see Figures A.4, A.11 and A.12).
48
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Crushing and shearing
B.1 General
!The types of protective measures, detailed in this annex, correspond to the requirements for protection against
crushing and shearing given in 5.11." The list is not exhaustive and other methods may be used which achieve
an equivalent level of safety.
!NOTE 1 Any of the following examples may be beneficially supported by the provision of clearly marked
operator positions on the platform or in the vehicle."
!NOTE 2" Except where otherwise stated, all linear dimensions are expressed in mm.
B.2 Platform lifting and lowering
B.2.1 Two-hand control
Two-hand control compels the operator to use both hands in order to operate the tail lift. In doing so, the operator's
hands are protected against crushing and shearing (see 5.11 ; 5.17.5 and 5.18.2).
The location of the controls shall keep the operator's hands clear of the danger zone but at the same time ensure
that the operator has a good view of the platform and the load. !The distance (L) between the rear edge of the
body and the centre line of the controls shall be between 300 mm and 600 mm, see Figure B.1.".
Figure B.1 — Example of location of two-hand controls for safety and visibility
!The control shall be fitted on the opposite side of the vehicle to that of the driver's normal sitting position, i.e. the
side on which the steering wheel is located. Hence, the operator should have an operating position at the kerbside
and would be therefore best protected from passing traffic."
49
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
B.2.2 Two-foot control
Two-foot control compels the operator to use both feet in order to operate the tail lift. In doing so, the operator's feet
are protected against crushing and shearing (see 5.11 ; 5.17.5 and 5.18.2).
If the two-foot control alternative is adopted, then the controls shall be positioned so that no control is less than
250 mm from any potential crushing or shearing point between the platform and the vehicle. The centres of two
controls shall themselves be a minimum distance of 250 mm apart (see Figure B.2).
NOTE This solution provides protection for a single operator only.
Figure B.2 — Location of two-foot controls
Controls demanding a sequence of operations may be set at a lesser distance between them.
B.2.3 Toe guard
B.2.3.1 !Toe guard for vertical movement
For tail lifts with vertical movement only, if the toe guard alternative is adopted, then:
 there shall be a minimum horizontal gap of 75 mm between moving parts of the platform and fixed parts of the
vehicle, except at those points where adequate toe protection is provided, e.g. Figures B.6, B.7, B.8 and B.9;
 such toe protection shall be provided by a guard whose rear sloping edge is at an angle not greater than 30° to
the vertical, see Figure B.3.
50
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
(where not otherwise designated)
Key
1 tail lift platform
2 vehicle floor
Figure B.3 — Toe guard
B.2.3.2 Toe guard for parallelogram type system
For tail lifts with parallelogram movement, if the toe guard alternative is adopted, then:
 the toe guard shall be made of flexible material in order to avoid crushing and shearing;
 such toe protection shall be provided by a guard whose rear sloping edge is at an angle of 45° or less relative
to vertical, see Figure B.4.
51
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key
1 flexible material
Figure B.4 — Toe guard for parallelogram type system
Sufficient protection against crushing and shearing is provided if the interface between the lift platform and the rear
cross member of the vehicle floor is constructed in such a way that for every vertically measured gap of maximum
35 mm, a horizontal safety distance of minimum 80 mm is available, see Figure B.5.
Figure B.5 — Minimum safety distance (parallelogram lifts)"
52
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
B.2.4 Hinged foot protector
A hinged foot protector shall be provided to reduce the risk of foot entrapment as the rising platform approaches the
vehicle floor. Such a hinged foot protector may be mounted either to the platform or the vehicle floor.
If a platform mounted hinged foot protector alternative is adopted, then it shall be pivotally mounted to the edge of
the platform nearest to the vehicle floor. Whenever the platform is below floor level, the hinged foot protector shall
be either held in a substantially vertical position or the lifting movement shall be immobilized if it is not in such a
position. The hinged foot protector shall be capable of being hinged into the horizontal position when the platform is
at vehicle floor level.
The minimum height of such a hinged foot protector shall be 85 mm (see !Figure B.6").
Key
c Tail lift platform

d Vehicle floor
e Hinged foot protector
f Hinged foot protector (held in upward protection)
!Figure B.6"
" — Platform mounted hinged foot protector
If a vehicle floor mounted hinged foot protector alternative is adopted, then it shall be pivotally mounted to the edge
of the vehicle floor adjacent to the platform and so arranged that it can be hinged from its stowed position to form a
bridge to the platform. It shall be free to lift up if an operator's foot comes underneath it.
A minimum horizontal gap of 75 mm shall be maintained between fixed parts of the vehicle and moving parts of the
platform (see !Figure B.7").
53
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key

d Vehicle floor
!Figure B.7" — Vehicle floor mounted hinged foot protector
NOTE Such hinged foot protectors may also serve the function of a bridge plate between the platform and the floor.
B.2.5 Safety cut-out
A cut-out may be provided so that if an obstruction is met during movement of the platform it can be brought to rest
before injury can occur.
If the safety cut-out option is adopted, then the cut-out shall disable any further movement in the same direction
until the obstruction has been removed.
Safety cut-outs may take the form of :
EXAMPLE 1 Mechanical contact bars and associated switches ;
EXAMPLE 2 Flexible profile pressure strips with pneumatic switches ;
EXAMPLE 3 Interruptible ray-systems which stop the platform travel before crushing or shearing occur.
(see !Figures B.8 and B.9")
For examples 1 and 2, after actuation of the switches, the free travel of the compliant edge or contact bar shall be
greater than the stopping distance of the platform.
54
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Key

d Vehicle floor
e Safety cut-out
!Figure B.8" — Safety cut-out for vertical platform travel
Key

d Vehicle floor
e Safety cut-out
!Figure B.9" — Safety cut-out for radial platform travel
B.2.6 Automatic toe protector
An automatic toe protector may be provided to reduce the risk of foot entrapment This shall be a permanent fixture
mounted on the tail lift with a minimum effective height of 85 mm (see !Figure B.10").
55
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
!Dimensions in millimetres"
!Figure B.10" — Automatic toe protector
B.2.7 !Assigned operator position
If the assigned operator position solution is adopted, then the platform and/or vehicle floor shall be marked, clearly
and permanently, with a safe working area, (min. 400 mm × min. 400 mm), set at least 250 mm from the trapping
zone between the platform and the vehicle floor. The marking shall at least include footprints and square frame,
see Figure B.11.
Such assigned operator positions may be used in conjunction with cable-operated remote controls, or with a fixed
internal control.
Figure B.11 — Safety working area"
56
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
B.3 Platforms capable of lifting above vehicle floor level

Additional safety means shall be provided to ensure the safety of an operator standing on the vehicle floor as the
platform descends from a higher level.
B.4 Platform closure

If the tail lift platform is closed other than by manual effort, then means shall be provided to minimize the risks of
crushing or shearing of the arms or head.
B.4.1 Two-hand control
(See B.2.1).
B.4.2 Safety cut-out
If a safety cut-out is provided to protect the operator from crushing hazards as the platform is closed against the
vehicle body, then this protection shall be effective to a minimum height of 2 000 mm above ground level (see
!Figure B.12" and also B.2.5).
!Figure B.12" — Safety cut-out for closure
57
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Structure and drive system
Key
c Platform
d !Structural components"
e Drive system
Figure C.1 — Parallelogram lift structure
58
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
"
Key

d !Structural components"
e Drive system
Figure C.2 — Column lift structure
59
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex D
(normative)
Drive systems - Steel wire ropes and chains
D.1 Recommended specifications of steel wire ropes

The strength of steel wire rope strands is typically in the range between 1 570 N/mm² and 2 250 N/mm²
A sufficient number of strands should be provided to ensure adequate fatigue life.
As a general rule, tail lifts with nominal load above 500 kg should use wire ropes of diameter greater than 6 mm.
For light tail lifts, wire rope diameters should not generally be less than 4,5 mm.
D.2 Dimensions of pulley grooves

Wire rope pulleys should be grooved to a depth of not less than 1,25 times the nominal diameter of the associated
wire rope. The contour at the bottom of the groove should be circular over an angle generally equal to or greater
than 120°. The radius of the groove should be typically in the range of 5 % to 10 % greater than the nominal radius
of the rope (see Figure D.1).
Key
c Flare angle
d Groove radius
e Groove depth
f Bottom of groove diameter
Figure D.1 — Dimensions of pulley grooves
D.3 Flare angle

The included angle of flare of the sides of the pulley grooves should generally be in the range of 50 to 54° for an
angle of fleet up to 5° (see Figure D.1).
60
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
D.4 Fleet angles
Figure D.2a) — Fleet angle for pulley
Figure D.2b) — Fleet angle for a drum
61
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
D.5 Pitch circle
Key
c Pitch circle diameter

d Chain pitch
Figure D.3 — Pitch circle for steel chains
This illustration is to aid understanding of the text.
62
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex E
(normative)
Examples of controls logic
!FOOT CONTROLS
Key
1 safety button
2 up
3 down
a
X option 1
b
X option 2
FOOT LEVER
Key
1 safety button
2 up
3 down
4 neutral
Y detail
63
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
CONTROL SWITCHES
Key
1 rear of vehicle
2 front of vehicle
3 joystick
TWO HAND CONTROL SWITCHES
"
Figure E.1 — Control logic
64
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex F
(informative)
Marking
Figure F.1 — Symbol
Figure F.2 — Text
65
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex G
(informative)
Unintentional operation
Detailed examples :
Manual controls may be designed in such a manner that the button is not bigger than necessary for one finger with
protection gloves to press it. There may be a protruding ring around it, as close as possible so that the upper part of
the button is not higher than the ring.
Manual levers may be automatically locked in the neutral position or protected by a separate control.
Foot levers may be designed so that, when in neutral position, the lever is sunk or covered. They may be operated
in conjunction with an extra control device (which may be an additional foot control).
66
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex H
(normative)
Verification by the installer
H.1 Compatibility between the lift and the vehicle

The installer shall confirm the compatibility between the lift and the vehicle. See clause 6.
H.2 Static test
H.2.1 Deformation
The unladen platform is positioned mid-way between ground level and vehicle floor level and measurements are
taken of the height of the platform and its angular attitude relative to the vehicle floor.
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, and subsequently removed.
By repeating the measurements of the height and attitude of the platform, verify that no permanent deformation has
occurred in any part of the tail lift or its attachment to the vehicle which could affect the function of the tail lift.
H.2.2 Drift
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, positioned at vehicle floor level. Measurements are
taken of the height of the platform and its angular attitude relative to the vehicle floor. These measurements are
repeated after a 15 minutes test period.
Verify that the vertical drift of the platform between the two measurements has not exceeded 15 mm
Verify that the angular drift of the platform between the two measurements has not exceeded 2°.
H.3 Dynamic test

With the maximum load applied to the platform, verify that the tail lift is able to operate throughout its full range of
normal lifting, lowering and any tilting movements.
NOTE This test can be carried out at 100 % of maximum load, notwithstanding the 110 % " as a general rule" suggested
by 98/37/EC. The figure of 100 % allows the dynamic test can be carried out without altering the pre-set and protected load
limiting device.
H.4 Test of operation and safety function

All functions of the tail lift and operations of all safety devices are verified after the static and dynamic tests have
been completed. These tests do not apply to pipe break valves nor non-resettable safety devices such as electrical
fuses. (These items are the subject of a manufacturer's type test).
Measurements of lowering and tilting down speeds shall be carried out with the platform carrying Its maximum
load ; all other measurements of speeds shall be carried out with the platform unladen.
67
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
H.5 Test to verify that the tail lift cannot lift excessive load
A load of 125 % of the maximum load is applied to the platform, positioned at ground level. Actuate the "UP" control
and verify that the platform does not lift (tilt up is permissible).
68
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex I
(informative)
Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level
Overloads of a tail lift caused by moving an excessive load onto a platform at vehicle floor level cannot be
prevented, and detecting such overloads accurately and reliably cannot be achieved at reasonable cost using state
of the art solutions. These hazards can be avoided by proper use and supervision of the tail lift operation.
69
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive 98/37/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."
70
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."
71
EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
Bibliography
EN 294, Safety in machinery, plant and equipment, safety distances from potentially hazardous areas.
EN 349, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
EN 414, Safety in machinery - Rules for drafting and presentation of safety standards.
EN 954-1, Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design.
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index and synopsis.
72

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Documento contenuto nel prodotto Macchine Sicure edizione 2008.

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

Tail lifts — Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles — Safety

Hayons élévateurs — Plateformes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants —

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

2 Modification to Clause 2, Normative references

The following references shall be added:

3 Modification to Clause 3, Terms and definitions

"EXAMPLE button, switch, joystick, pedal, lever.".

4 Modification to Clause 4, Table 1

5 Modification to 5.1, General requirements

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

6 Modification to 5.2, Working area

7 Modification to 5.11, Crushing and shearing

8 Modification to 5.13.1, Surface

A new sub-clause regarding requirement on the platform edges is added.

9 Addition of 5.13.2, Bluntness of edges

"5.13.2 Bluntness of edges

and renumber the following subclauses.

10 Modification to 5.14.1.2, Hydraulic systems leakage

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

11 Modification to 5.14.3.1, General

12 Modification to 5.16.1, Prevention of lifting excessive loads

13 Modification to 5.17.5, Several control devices for one movement

At the end of 5.17.5, add the following sentence:

14 Modification to Table 2 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

• add row for 5.13.2, Bluntness of edges, as follows:"

5.13.2 Bluntness of edges ♣ ♣

• replace "5.13.3 Visibility of platform" with "5.13.4 Visibility of platform";

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

15 Modification to 8.1, General

16 Modification to 8.3, Inherent risks associated with improper use

"— rolling off (see EN 1756-2).".

17 Modification to 8.4.1, Marking on the tail lift

 designation of the machinery;

(See 6.4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003).".

18 Modification to 8.4.2.2, The installer handbook shall include

"8.4.2.2 Installation handbook".

First two sentences, replace with the following text:

19 Modification to 8.4.2.3, The user handbook shall include

"— user’s safely procedures, e.g.:

 any specific use of the tail lift which shall be avoided;

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

 general description of the equipment and its operating principles;

 description of safety devices;

 use of stabilizers, if provided;

20 Modification to B.1, General

21 Modification to B.2.1, Two-hand control

22 Modification to B.2.3, Toe guard

"B.2.3.1 Toe guard for vertical movement

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

(where not otherwise designated)

Figure B.3 — Toe guard

B.2.3.2 Toe guard for parallelogram type system

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

Figure B.4 — Toe guard for parallelogram type system

Figure B.5 — Minimum safety distance (parallelogram lifts)".

Instruction sheet for the consolidation of EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)

23 Modification to B.2.4, Hinged foot protector

24 Modification to B.2.5, Safety cut-out

25 Modification to B.2.6, Automatic toe protector

Replace "Figure B.8" with "Figure B.10".

"B.2.7 Assigned operator position