Velocidades de propagación del sonido en el

material

Material Sound Velocities

The table below lists typical longitudinal wave ultrasonic velocities in a variety of common materials that
can be measured with ultrasonic thickness gages. Note that this is only a general guide. The actual
velocity in these materials may vary significantly due to a variety of causes such as specific composition or
microstructure, grain or fiber orientation, porosity, and temperature. This is especially true in the case of
cast metals, fiberglass, plastics, and composites. For best accuracy in thickness gaging, the sound velocity
in a given test material should always be measured by performing a velocity calibration on a sample of
known thickness.

Ultrasonic Velocities in Common Materials

Material V (in./µsec) V (m/sec)

Acrylic (Perspex) 0.1070 2730

Aluminum 0.2490 6320

Beryllium 0.5080 12900

Brass 0.1740 4430

Composite, 0.1200 3070

graphite/epoxy

Copper 0.1830 4660

Diamond 0.7090 18000

Fiberglass 0.1080 2740

Glycerin 0.0760 1920

Inconel® 0.2290 5820

Iron, Cast (soft) 0.1380 3500

Iron, Cast (hard) 0.2200 5600

Iron oxide (magnetite) 0.2320 5890

Lead 0.0850 2160

Lucite® 0.1060 2680

Molybdenum 0.2460 6250

Motor oil 0.0690 1740

Nickel, pure 0.2220 5630

Polyamide 0.0870 2200

Nylon 0.1020 2600

Polyethylene, 0.0970 2460

high density (HDPE)

Polyethylene, 0.0820 2080

low density (LDPE)

Polystyrene 0.0920 2340

Polyvinylchloride, (PVC) 0.0940 2395

Rubber, polybutadiene 0.0630 1610

Silicon 0.3790 9620

Silicone 0.0580 1485

Steel, 1020 0.2320 5890

Steel, 4340 0.2300 5850

Steel, 302 austenitic stainless 0.2260 5740

Tin 0.1310 3320

Titanium 0.2400 6100

Tungsten 0.2040 5180

Water (20°C) 0.0580 1480

Zinc 0.1640 4170

Zirconium 0.1830 4650

Profundidad de adquisición de los palpadores

The tables in this section list some typical materials and thickness ranges that can be measured with
ultrasonic gages, using specific transducers and appropriate instrument setups. These tables are intended
only as a general guideline, and list only some of the most common applications for metals and plastics.
There are many more possibilities. If you need information regarding a specific thickness measurement
that is not listed here, please contact Olympus NDT.

All thickness ranges are approximate. The actual measurement range in a given case will always depend
on instrument setup as well as specific material properties such as part geometry, surface condition, and
microstructure. Material is assumed to be at ambient temperature. In all materials, attenuation increases
with temperature, so at elevated temperatures the maximum measureable thickness will normally be lower,
especially in plastics.

(1) English units

Notes: All thickness ranges are approximate. The actual measurement range in a given case will always
depend on instrument setup as well as specific material properties such as part geometry, surface
condition, and microstructure. The maximum thickness in plastics in Mode 1 measurements will vary
depending on the type of plastic, so only a minimum is listed. These charts cover only some of the most
common transducers and measurement situations. There are many other possibilities. For details, please
contact Olympus NDT.

Transducer Measurement Range (metal) Range (plastic)

(frequency, Mode
diameter, type)

20 MHz, 0.125" 1 0.020"-1.5" 0.008" minimum

contact

10 MHz, 0.25" 1 0.030"-10" 0.010" minimum

contact
5 MHz, 0.5" 1 0.050-20" 0.025" minimum
contact

2.25 MHz, 0.5 1 0.080"-20" 0.050" minimum

contact

1 MHz, 1" 1 0.150"-25" 0.100" minimum

contact

0.5 MHz, 1" 1 0.250"-25" 0.200" minimum

20 MHz, 0.125" 2 0.010"- 0.400" 0.005" - 0.200"

delay line

20 MHz, 0.125" 3 0.008"-0.200" -

delay line

10 MHz, 0.25" 2 0.020"-0.750" 0.012"-0.250"

delay line

10 MHz, 0.25" 3 0.010"-0.500" -

delay line

5 MHz, 0.5" 2 0.050"-1.00" 0.040"-0.500"

delay line

5 MHz, 0.5" 3 0.050"-0.500" -

delay line

2.25 MHz, 0.5" 2 0.080"-1.00" 0.060"-0.500"

delay line

2.25 MHz, 0.5" 3 0.060"-0.500" -

delay line

10 MHz, 0.3" dual 0.020"-1.00" -

dual

5 MHz, 0.4" dual 0.040"- 20" -

dual

2 MHz, 1.0" dual 0.150"-25" -

dual

(2) Metric units

Notes: All thickness ranges are approximate. The actual measurement range in a given case will always
depend on instrument setup as well as specific material properties such as part geometry, surface
condition, and microstructure. The maximum thickness in plastics in Mode 1 measurements will vary
depending on the type of plastic, so only a minimum is listed. These charts cover only some of the most
common transducers and measurement situations. There are many other possibilities. For details, please
contact Olympus NDT.

Transducer Measurement Range (metal) Range

(frequency, Mode (plastic)
diameter, type)

20 MHz, 3 mm 1 0.05 -40 mm 0.2 mm

contact minimum

10 MHz, 6.25mm 1 0.75-250 mm 0.25 mm

contact minimum

5 MHz, 12.5mm 1 1.25-500 mm 0.6 mm

contact minimum

2.25 MHz, 12.5mm 1 2.0-500 mm 1.25 mm

contact minimum

1 MHz, 25 mm 1 3.75-650 mm 2.5 mm

contact minimum

0.5 MHz, 25 mm 1 6.0"-650 mm 5.0 mm

contact minimum

20 MHz, 3 mm 2 0.25 - 10.0 mm 0.125 - 5.0

delay line mm

20 MHz, 3 mm 3 0.2 - 5.0 mm -

delay line

10 MHz, 6.25 mm 2 0.5 - 20 mm 0.3 - 6.25 mm

delay line

10 MHz, 6.25 mm 3 0.25 - 12.5 mm -

delay line

5 MHz, 12.5 mm 2 1.25 - 25.0 mm 1.0 - 12.5 mm

delay line

5 MHz, 12.5 mm 3 1.25 - 12.5 mm -

delay line
2.25 MHz, 12.5 mm 2 2.0 - 25.0 mm 1.5 - 25.0 mm
delay line

2.25 MHz, 12.5 mm 3 1.5 - 12.5 mm -

delay line

10 MHz, 7 mm dual 0.5 - 25.0 mm -

dual

5 MHz, 10 mm dual 1.0 - 500 mm -

dual

2 MHz, 25 mm dual 3.75 - 635 mm -

dual

Velocidad de propagación del sonido en

materiales
La siguiente tabla muestra las velocidades de propagación del sonido en una variedad de materiales
suyos espesores pueden ser medidos por ultrasonido.
Debe notarse que se trata de una guía general. La velocidad real en esos materiales puede variar muy
significativamente debido a una variedad de causas tales como composición específica o microestructura,
orientación de granos o fribras, porosidad y temperatura.
Esto es especialmente cierto en el caso de metales fundidos, fibra de vidrio, plásticos y compuestos.
Para una mejor precisión en la medición de espesor, la velocidad del sonido en un material de prueba
dado siempre debe ser medido mediante un calibración de la velocidad en una muestra con espesor
conocido.

Material V (m/sec)

Acrílico (Perspex) 2730

Aluminio 6320

Berilio 12900

Latón 4430

Composite, grafito/epoxy 3070

Cobre 4660

Diamante 18000
Fibra de vidrio 2740

Glicerina 1920

Inconel® 5820

Hierro fundido (suave) 3500

Hierro fundido (duro) 5600

Óxido de hierro (magnetita) 5890

Plomo 2160

Lucite® 2680

Molibdeno 6250

Aceite de motor 1740

Níquel, puro 5630

Poliamida 2200

Nylon 2600

Polietileno de alta densidad

2460
(HDPE)

Polietileno de baja densidad

2080
(LDPE)

Poliestireno 2340

PVC 2395

Goma 1610

Silicon 9620

Silicona 1485

Acero 1020 5890

Acero 4340 5850

Acero 302 inoxidable austenítico 5740

Estaño 3320

Titanio 6100

Tungsteno 5180

Agua (20°C) 1480

Zinc 4170

Zirconio 4650