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REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING
TO METHODS OF FABRICATION
OF PRESSURE VESSELS
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang Sub-B
PART UW
REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
FABRICATED BY WELDING.
Joint Categories
UW-3
Joint type, UW-12 type 1~8
RT UW-11
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-02
UW-2 gives guidance on which types of pressure vessels / parts have
restrictions on what type of weld should be used for each joint category.
The four types of vessels referenced are:
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-02
UW-2 SERVICE RESTRICTIONS
Class Description. Service restrictions
a vessels are to Following key points:
contain lethal • Butt-welded joints must be fully radiographed.
substance. • Carbon or low alloy steel vessels need PWHT.
• Cat “A” joints need to be type 1(double “V” or
equivalent) welds (the types are given in table
UW-12).
• Cat B joints can be either type 1 or type 2 (single
“V” with backing strip).
• Cat D joints must be full penetration welds.
b Low-temperature
vessels that require
impact testing
c Unfired steam boilers
d Direct-fired vessels
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-02
Cat. C
Lethal
service
Cat. B
Cat. A
Cat. D
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-2
UW-2 Description. Service restrictions
Class
a Vessels are Following key points:
to contain 1. Butt-welded joints must be fully radiographed.
lethal 2. Carbon or low alloy steel vessels need PWHT.
substance. 3. Cat A joints need to be type 1 welds (double
welded) (the types are given in table UW-12).
4. Cat B joints can be either type 1 or type 2
(single welded - single V with backing strip).
5. Cat D must be full penetration welds.* note1
Note1: For radiography joints only type 1 & 2
are allowed.
SME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-02
UW-3 WELDED JOINT CATEGORY.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
WELDED JOINT CATEGORY
ASME VIII pressure vessel welded joints are given a letter
designation A, B, C or D depending on their location in the
vessel.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
FIG. UW-3 ILLUSTRATION OF WELDED JOINT LOCATIONS
TYPICAL OF CATEGORIES A, B, C, and D
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Cat “A” includes all longitudinal welds and critical circumferential
welds such as hemispherical head to shell welds.
Cat “B” includes most circumferential welded joints including
formed heads (other than hemispherical) to main shells welds.
Cat “C” includes welded joints connecting: . flanges to nozzles or
shell components. one side plate to another in a flat-sided vessel.
Cat “D” includes welded joints connecting nozzles to shells, heads
or flat-sided vessels.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Cat A includes all longitudinal welds and critical
circumferential welds such as hemispherical head to shell
welds.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Critical Circumferential weld:
Non-hemispherical Hemispherical head
head
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Hemispherical
Heads
A
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Cat B includes most circumferential welded joints including
formed heads (other than hemispherical) to main shells welds.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Cat C includes welded joints connecting: . flanges to nozzles or
shell components.
Flange Joint
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
Cat D includes welded joints connecting nozzles to shells, heads
or flat-sided vessels.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-03
UW-9 DESIGN OF WELDED JOINTS
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
The main content relates to two areas:
Taper transitions between welded sections of unequal thickness
‘Stagger’ of longitudinal welds in vessels
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
(c) Tapered transitions requires that tapered transitions must have a
taper of at least 3:1 between sections if the sections differ by the
smaller of:
more than ¼ of the thickness of the thinner section or
1/8 in. (3.2 mm).
1 ∆t > .25t1.
3
t1
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
(d) Except when the longitudinal joints are radiographed 4 in. (100 mm)
each side of each circumferential welded intersection, vessels made up
of two or more courses shall have the centers of the welded longitudinal
joints of adjacent courses staggered or separated by a distance of at least
five times the thickness of the thicker plate.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
if d<5t, RT radiographed 4 in.
(100 mm) each side of each
circumferential welded
intersection.
Joint 1
d≥5t
Joint 2
d<5t
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
staggered or separated by a
distance of at least five times the
thickness of the thicker plate.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-09
UW-11 Radiographic & Ultrasonic
Examinations
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Based on the ASME Code requirement UG-116, manufacturers have to
mark the type of RT i.e. RT1, RT2, RT3 and RT4 in the pressure vessel
name plate and state the same in Pressure Vessel Data Report.
We have seen many professionals, from inspectors to quality control
engineers who are confused between RT1 and RT2, specifically when
they see ASME Pressure Vessel Joint Efficiencies for both RT1 and
RT2 is the same and equal to 1(E=1).They say both RT1 and RT2 are
categorized in the “Full Radiography” part in UW-11 clause ...
So why are some joints in RT2 radiographed in spots? We are making
spot radiography, but it is categorized in full radiography!!! So in this
"ASME Pressure Vessel Joint Efficiencies" article we want to answer
this question in very simple way, but before this, we need review joint
categories and summarize them as below:
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Now let's get back to the ASME Pressure Vessel Joint Efficiencies
subject, to remove the above confusion about RT1 and RT2. We
need to know: When and where is there a code requirement for full
radiography?
Item 1: All butt welds in vessels used to contain a lethal substance
(UW-11(a)).Lethal substances have specific definitions in ASME
Code in UW-2 and it is the responsibility of the end user to
determine if they ordered a vessel that contains lethal substances.
Item 2: All butt welds in vessels in which the nominal thickness at
the welded joint exceeds 1 ½ in. (38 mm), or exceeds the lesser
thicknesses prescribed in UCS-57,etc. For example, this value for P-
No.1 in UCS-57 is 1 ¼ inch.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Item 3: All butt welds in an unfired steam boiler with design
pressure > 50 psi (UW-11(a)).
Item 4: All category A and D butt welds in vessel when “Full
Radiography” optionally selected from table UW-12(column (a)
in this table is selected); and categories B and C which intersect
Category A shall meet the spot radiography requirement (UW-
11(a) (5) (b)).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
The point is this: item 1, 2 and 3 are similar, but item 4 is completely
different. In item 1, 2 and 3 it is mandated by code; to do full
radiography in all butt welds in vessel so it means it is mandatory for
designer to select column (a) in UW-12 table.
But in item 4, there is no mandating rule. A manufacturer with its own
decision has chosen to use column (a) in table UW-12 for full
radiography. So here there is a concession or bonus to manufacturers for
categories B and C.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
RT Item Note Joint Radiography details
Efficiency
(Type-1)
1 1,2,3 Required 1.0 All butt welds-full length
by code radiography.
2 4 Optionally 1.0 Category A and D butt welds full
selected length radiography and category
B and C butt welds spot
Radiography.
3 0.85 Spot radiography butt welds.
4 0.7 Partial / No radiography.
http://www.inspection-for-industry.com/asme-pressure-vessel-joint-efficiencies.html
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Item 2: All butt welds in vessels in which the nominal thickness at the
welded joint exceeds 1 ½ in. (38 mm), or exceeds the lesser
thicknesses prescribed in UCS-57,etc. For example, this value for
P-No.1 in UCS-57 is 1 ¼ inch.
UCS-57 RADIOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATION
In addition to the requirements
of UW-11, complete
radiographic examination is
required for each butt welded
joint at which the thinner of the
plate or vessel wall thicknesses
at the welded joint exceeds the
thickness limit above which full
radiography is required in
Table UCS-57.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UCS-57 RADIOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATION
In addition to the requirements
of UW-11, complete
radiographic examination is
required for each butt welded
joint at which the thinner of the
plate or vessel wall thicknesses
at the welded joint exceeds the
thickness limit above which
full radiography is required in
Table UCS-57.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
RT 1 UG-116(e1) “RT 1”
when all pressure-retaining butt welds, other than Category B and C butt welds
associated with nozzles and communicating chambers that neither exceed NPS 10
(DN 250) nor 1 1⁄8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness [except as required by UHT-57(a)],
satisfy the full radiography requirements of UW-11(a) for their full length; full
radiography of the above exempted Category B and C butt welds, if performed, may
be recorded on the Manufacturer’s Data Report; or
RT 2 UG-116(e2) “RT 2”
when the complete vessel satisfies the requirements of UW-11(a)(5) and
when the spot radiography requirements of UW-11(a)(5)(b) have been
applied; or
RT 3 UG-116(e3) “RT 3”
when the complete vessel satisfies the spot radiography requirements of
UW-11(b); or
RT 4 UG-116(e4) “RT 4”
when only part of the complete vessel has satisfied the radiographic
requirements of UW-11(a) or where none of the markings “RT 1,” “RT 2,”
or “RT 3” are applicable.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11(a2) all butt welds in vessels in
which the nominal thickness [see (g)
below] at the welded joint exceeds 1
½ in. (38 mm), or exceeds the lesser
thicknesses prescribed in UCS-57,
UNF-57, UHA-33, UCL-35, or
UCL-36 for the materials covered
therein, or as otherwise prescribed in
UHT-57, ULW-51, ULW-52(d),
ULW-54, or ULT-57; however,
except as required by UHT-57(a),
Categories B and C butt welds in
nozzles and communicating
chambers that neither exceed NPS
10 (DN 250) nor 11⁄8 in. (29 mm)
wall thickness do not require any
radiographic examination;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11(a2) …Categories B and C butt
welds in nozzles and communicating
chambers that neither exceed
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11 RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
UW-11 (a) Full Radiography. The following welded joints shall be examined
radiographically for their full length in the manner prescribed in UW-51:
UW-11(a5) all Category A and D butt welds in vessel sections and heads where the
design of the joint or part is based on a joint efficiency permitted by UW-12(a), in
which case:
UW-11(a5a) Category A and B welds connecting the vessel sections or heads shall be
of Type No. (1) or Type No.(2) of Table UW-12;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11 (a8) exemptions from radiographic examination for certain welds in nozzles
and communicating chambers as described in (2), (4), and (5) above take
precedence over the radiographic requirements of Subsection C of this Division.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11(a) Full Radiography
(1) all butt welds in the shell and heads of vessels used to contain lethal substances.
(2) all butt welds in the shell and heads of unfired steam boilers having design pressures
exceeding 50 psi (350 KPa).
(3) all butt welds in nozzles, communicating chambers, etc., attached to vessel sections
or heads that are required to be fully radiographed under (1) or (2) above;
Keywords:
contain lethal substances
unfired steam boilers having design pressures exceeding 50 psi
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Full radiography:
all butt welds in the
shell and heads of
unfired steam boilers
having design pressures
exceeding 50 psi
(350 KPa).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Except as required by UHT-57(a), Categories B and C butt welds in
nozzles and communicating chambers that neither exceed NPS 10 (DN
250) nor 11⁄8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness do not require any radiographic
examination;
neither exceed NPS10 nor
t >11⁄8 in. NO Radiography
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
• all butt welds in vessels in which the nominal thickness at the welded
joint exceeds 1 ½ in. (38 mm), or
• exceeds the lesser thicknesses prescribed in UCS-57, UNF-57, UHA-
33, UCL-35, or UCL-36 for the materials covered therein, or as
otherwise prescribed in UHT-57, ULW-51, ULW-52(d), ULW-54, or
ULT-57; however, except as required by UHT-57(a).
Keywords:
Any vessel with welded joint exceeds 1 ½ in. (38mm).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Any vessel with welded joint exceeds 1 ½ in.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
(5) all Category A and D butt welds in vessel sections and heads where the design of
the joint or part is based on a joint efficiency permitted by UW-12(a).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
in which case:
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
(6) all butt welds joined by electrogas welding with any single pass greater than 1 ½ in.
(38 mm) and all butt welds joined by electroslag welding;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
(7) ultrasonic examination in accordance with UW-53 may be substituted
for radiography for the final closure seam of a pressure vessel if the
construction of the vessel does not permit interpretable radiographs in
accordance with Code requirements. The absence of suitable radiographic
equipment shall not be justification for such substitution.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Full Radiography means UW-11(a-1, a-2, a-3, a-4)- lethal, unfired
steam boilers having design pressures exceeding 50 psi and nominal thickness at the welded joint
exceeds 1 ½ in. (38 mm).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
Radiographic examination is not required of
Category B and C butt welds in nozzles and
communicating chambers that exceed neither
NPS 10 (DN 250) nor 1 1⁄8 in. (29 mm) wall
thickness.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
(c) No Radiography.
Except as required in (a) above, no radiographic examination of welded joints is
required when the vessel or vessel part is designed for external pressure only, or when
the joint design complies with UW-12(c).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-11(d,e,f) Special welding processes.
Welding Conditions
Process
Electrogas ferritic materials with ultrasonic examination examined
any single pass throughout their entire length and
greater that 11⁄2 in. shall be done following the grain
(38 mm) refining (austenitizing) heat treatment
Electroslag ferritic materials or postweld heat treatment.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
(g) For radiographic and ultrasonic examination of butt welds, the
definition of nominal thickness at the welded joint under consideration
shall be the nominal thickness of the thinner of the two parts joined.
Nominal thickness is defined in 3-2.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
http://www.mechanicalengine
eringblog.com/3635-welding-
technology-electro-gas-
welding-egw/
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-11
UW-12 JOINT EFFICIENCIES
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Weld Types:
Here is some clarification about the different type of welds that have
specific definitions in ASME Code SEC VIII DIV 1 and related to the
pressure vessel RT test.
The concept is to define the different types and then introduce some
restriction for using them.
For example, a Type 1 weld is defined as a full penetration weld,
typically double welded and Type 2 is welds with backing strips.
So when you go to service restriction for a vessel containing a lethal
substance, you see there is a restriction there that says all category A
joints shall be weld Type 1 and Category B and C shall be type 1 or
type 2.You should take this point in to account, which is this: the same
joint category with different weld types have different joint efficiencies.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Summary of weld types:
Type 1: Full penetration welds (Typically Double welded).
Type 2: Welds with backing strip.
Type 3: Single welded partial penetration welds.
Type 4, 5 and 6: Various Lap welds (rarely used)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
TABLE UW-12
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE JOINT
EFFICIENCIES FOR ARC AND GAS
WELDED JOINTS
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
1 •Butt joints as attained by A, B, C & D 1.00 0.85 0.7
double-welding or by other
means which will obtain the
same quality of deposited weld
metal on the inside and outside
weld surfaces to agree with the
requirements of UW-35. Welds
using metal backing strips
which remain in place are
excluded.
2 •Single-welded butt joint with (a) None except as in A, B, C & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
backing strip other than those (b) below
included under (1) (b) Circumferential A, B & C 0.90 0.80 0.65
butt joints with
one plate offset;
see UW-13(b)
(4) and Fig.
UW-13.1, sketch
(i)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
2 •Single-welded butt joint with (a) None except as in A, B, C & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
backing strip other than those (b) below
included under (1) (b) Circumferential A, B & C 0.90 0.80 0.65
butt joints with
one plate offset;
see UW-13(b)
(4) and Fig.
UW-13.1, sketch
(i)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
3 Single-welded butt joint Circumferential butt joints only, A, B, C NA NA 0.6
with out used of backing not over 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick
strip. and not over 24 in. (600 mm
outside diameter)
4 Double full fillet lap joint. (a) Longitudinal joints not over A NA NA 0.55
3/8 in. (10mm) thick
(b) Circumferential joints not B, C [note 3] NA NA 0.55
over 5/8 in. (16mm) thick.
5 Single full fillet lap joints (a) Circumferential joints [Note B NA NA 0.50
with plug welds 4 (exclude hemispherical) ] for
conforming to attachment of heads not over 24
in. (600 mm) outside diameter to
shells not over 1⁄2 in. (13 mm)
thick.
(b) Circumferential joints for the C NA NA 0.50
attachment to shells of jackets
not over 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) in
nominal thickness where the
distance from the center of the
plug weld to the edge of the plate
is not less than 1 ½ times the
diameter of the hole for the plug.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
6 Single full fillet lap joints (a) For the attachment of heads A, B NA NA 0.45
without plug welds convex to pressure to shells not
over 5⁄8 in.(16 mm) required
thickness, only with use of fillet
weld on inside of shell; or
(b) for attachment of heads A, B NA NA 0.45
having pressure on either side, to
shells not over 24 in. (600 mm)
inside diameter and not over 1⁄4
in. (6 mm) required thickness
with fillet weld on outside of
head flange only.
7 Corner joints, full As limited by Fig. UW-13.2 and C, D NA NA NA
penetration, partial Fig UW-16. [Note (5)]
penetration, and/or fillet
welded.
8 Angle joints Design per U-2(g) for Category B, C, D NA NA NA
B and C joints
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Summary Maximum Weld Joint Efficiency: Joint Type 1~6
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Summary of weld types:
Type 1: Full penetration welds (Typically Double welded)
Type 2: Welds with backing strip
Type 3: Single welded partial penetration welds
Type 4, 5 and 6: Various Lap welds (rarely used)
http://www.inspection-for-industry.com/asme-pressure-vessel-joint-efficiencies.html
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Butt joints as attained by double-welding or by other means
which will obtain the same quality of deposited weld metal on
the inside and outside weld surface. Backing strip, if used, shall
be removed after completion of weld.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang
TABLE UW-12
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE JOINT
EFFICIENCIES FOR ARC AND GAS
WELDED JOINTS
With
illustrations
UW-13 ATTACHMENT
DETAILS
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
1 •Butt joints as attained by A, B, C & D 1.00 0.85 0.7
double-welding or by other
means which will obtain the
same quality of deposited weld
metal on the inside and outside
weld surfaces to agree with the
requirements of UW-35. Welds
using metal backing strips
which remain in place are
excluded.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Weld type number 1: Single “V” with back-gouge.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
2 •Single-welded butt joint with (a) None except as in A, B, C & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
backing strip other than those (b) below
included under (1) (b) Circumferential A, B & C 0.90 0.80 0.65
butt joints with
one plate offset;
see UW-13(b)
(4) and Fig.
UW-13.1, sketch
(i)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
3 Single-welded butt joint Circumferential butt joints only, A, B, C NA NA 0.6
with out used of backing not over 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick
strip. and not over 24 in. (600 mm
outside diameter)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
If the type number 3 weld was radiographed the full
length, could it be grouped as type 1 weld?
Type Joint description
number
1 •Butt joints as attained by double-welding or by
other means which will obtain the same quality of
deposited weld metal on the inside and outside
weld surfaces to agree with the requirements of
UW-35. Welds using metal backing strips which
remain in place are excluded.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
4 Double full fillet lap joint. (a) Longitudinal joints not over A NA NA 0.55
3/8 in. (10mm) thick
(b) Circumferential joints not B, C [note 3] NA NA 0.55
over 5/8 in. (16mm) thick.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Cat. Examination.
Full Spot None
5 Single full fillet lap (a) Circumferential joints [Note 4 (exclude B NA NA 0.50
joints with plug welds hemispherical) ] for attachment of heads not
conforming toUW-17 over 24 in. (600 mm) outside diameter to
shells not over 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) thick.
C NA NA 0.50
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
6 Single full fillet lap joints (a) For the attachment of heads A, B NA NA 0.45
without plug welds convex to pressure to shells not
over 5⁄8 in.(16 mm) required
thickness, only with use of fillet
weld on inside of shell; or
A, B NA NA 0.45
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Type Joint description Limitations Joint Degree of Radiographic
number Categories Examination.
Full Spot None
7 Corner joints, full As limited by Fig. UW-13.2 and C, D NA NA NA
penetration, partial Fig UW-16. [Note (5)]
penetration, and/or fillet
welded.
8 Angle joints Design per U-2(g) for Category B, C, D NA NA NA
B and C joints
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) The single factor shown for each combination of joint category and degree of
radiographic examination replaces both the stress reduction factor and the joint
efficiency factor considerations previously used in this Division.
(b) E = 1.0 for butt joints in compression.
NOTES:
1. See UW-12(a) and UW-51.
2. See UW-12(b) and UW-52.
3. For Type No. 4 Category C joint, limitation not applicable for bolted flange
connections.
4. Joints attaching hemispherical heads to shells are excluded.
5. There is no joint efficiency “E” in the design formulas of this Division for
Category C and D corner joints. When needed, a value of E not greater than 1.00
may be used.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
NOTES:
(1) See UW-13(b)(4) for limitation
when
weld bead is deposited from inside.
(2) For joints connecting
hemispherical heads
to shells, the following shall apply:
(a) t or t1 = 3/8 in. (10 mm)
maximum
(b) maximum difference in thickness
between t or t1 = 3/32 in. (2.5 mm);
(c) use of this figure for joints
connecting hemispherical heads to
(i) Butt Weld With One Plate Edge Offset shells shall be noted in the “Remarks”
part of the Data Report Form.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW12(d) Seamless vessel sections or heads.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW12(d) Seamless vessel sections or heads shall be
considered equivalent to welded parts of the same geometry in
which all Category A welds are Type No. 1. For calculations
involving circumferential stress in seamless vessel sections or
for thickness of seamless heads, E = 1.0 when the spot
radiography requirements of UW-11(a)(5)(b) are met. E =
0.85 when the spot radiography requirements of UW-
11(a)(5)(b) are not met, or when the Category A or B welds
connecting seamless vessel sections or heads are Type No. 3,
4, 5, or 6 of Table UW-12.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW12(d)
all Category A welds are Type No. 1.
- hemispherical head- Category “A”
- non-hemispherical head- Category “B”
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW-11(a)(5)(b), Category B or C butt welds…
which intersect the Category “A” butt welds in
vessel sections or heads or connect seamless vessel
sections or heads shall, as a minimum, meet the
requirements for spot radiography in accordance
with UW-52. …
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Q. Given a seamless head or shell section, other than a
hemispherical head (see UG-32), what is the design
efficiency of the seamless section?
http://www.nationalboard.org/PrintPage.aspx?NewsPageID=144
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Q. Given a seamless head or shell section of hemispherical
head (see UG-32), what is the design efficiency of the
seamless section?
100% RT UW-51, E= 1 ?
Spot RT UW-52, E= 0.85 ?
No RT, E= 0.7 ?
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
Hemispherical head Ellipsoidal & Torispherical
100% RT UW-51, E= 1 Spot RT UW-52, E= 1
Spot RT UW-52, E= 0.85 No RT, E= 0.85
No RT, E= 0.7
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-12
UW-16 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
ATTACHMENT WELDS AT OPENINGS.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
FIG. UW-16.1 SOME ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF WELDED NOZZLES AND
OTHER CONNECTIONS TO SHELLS, HEADS, ETC.
UW-16.1 sketches (i), (j), (k), and (l).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
These are variables that will apply to the Exam.
• tmin= the smaller of 3/4 in. or the thickness of the thinner of the
parts joined by a fillet, single-bevel, or single-J weld, in.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
tc= not less than the smaller of 1/4 in. or 0.7tmin
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
UW-16.1 sketches (i), (j), (k), and (l).
2 conditions to satisfied;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
Exercise:
Problem: A nozzle is being attached to a shell as shown in Fig.UW-16.1 (i)
using two equal size fillet welds. The shell's thickness is 7/8 in. and the
nozzle's thickness is 1/2 inch. The fillet welds are 3/8 inch in leg size. Does
this meet Code?
Conditions to satisfied;
1. t1 or t2 ≥ ¼ in. or 0.7 tmin ( used 0.25 in. in this case)
2. t1 + t2 ≥ 1 ¼ tmin ( equal to 0.625 in.)
Actual;
t1 & t2 = 0.265 in. (condition 1 – ok)
t1 + t2 = 0.53 in. (condition 2 – Not ok)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
Fillet
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
FIG. UW-16.1 SOME
ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF
WELDED NOZZLES AND
OTHER CONNECTIONS TO
SHELLS, HEADS, ETC.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-16
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
t = nominal thickness of vessel shell or head
tn = nominal thickness of nozzle wall
te = thickness of reinforcing plate
tw = dimension of attachment welds (fillet, single-bevel or single-J),
measured as shown in figure UW-16.1
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
tmin = the smaller of ¾ in (19 mm) or the
thickness of the thinner of the parts joined by a
fillet, single-bevel or single-J weld
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
where it meets a set-on nozzle, by a full
penetration butt weld plus a fillet weld with
minimum throat dimension tw = 0.7tmin
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
Integral reinforcement (also known as self-reinforcement).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
Q3. ASME VIII section UW-16 (c) figure 16.1(a) A vessel is manufactured from P1
Grade 2 material. It has a shell thickness of 18 mm and is used to contain lethal
substances. A set-on (abutting) nozzle of 12 mm thickness is attached using a
category D full penetration weld with reinforcing fillet. What is the minimum
required throat thickness of the reinforcing fillet weld?
(a) 12 mm (tmin)
(b) 8.4 mm (0.7tmin)
(c) 6 mm (tc)
(d) 12.6 mm
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
Q4. ASME VIII section UW-16 (c)(2)(c)
A vessel has a shell thickness of 3 4 in (19 mm). A set-on (abutting)
nozzle of ½ in. (13 mm) thickness is attached using a category D full penetration
weld. A reinforcing plate of 1/4 in. (6 mm) is required. What welds will be
required to attach the reinforcing plate to the nozzle?
(a) A full penetration weld plus a fillet with a 4.2 mm throat &
(b) A full penetration weld plus a fillet with a 6 mm throat &
(c) A fillet weld with a 3 mm throat &
(d) A full penetration weld plus a fillet with a 3 mm throat &
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
Q5. ASME VIII section UW-16 (d)(1)
A nozzle of NPS 10 (DN 250) is inserted through a vessel wall and protrudes into the
vessel by an amount equal to the nozzle thickness. The nozzle thickness is one half of
the shell thickness. Which of the following weld combinations are acceptable to attach
the nozzle?
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-16
UW-40 PROCEDURES FOR POSTWELD HEAT
TREATMENT.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
UW-40(f ) The term nominal thickness as used in Tables UCS-56,
UCS-56.1, UHA-32, and UHT-56, is the thickness of the welded
joint as defined below. For pressure vessels or parts of pressure
vessels being postweld heat treated in a furnace charge, it is the
greatest weld thickness in any vessel or vessel part which has not
previously been postweld heat treated.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
UW-40
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang
UW-40(a), the soak band shall contain the weld, heat affected zone,
and a portion of base metal adjacent to the weld being heat treated. The
minimum width of this volume is the widest width of weld plus 1t or 2
in. (50 mm), whichever is less, on each side or end of the weld.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
Mr. “t” the nominal thickness UW-40(f)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
fillet welds, the nominal
thickness is the throat
dimension
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
the nominal thickness is
the total depth of the weld
exclusive of any
permitted weld
reinforcement
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
The nominal thickness
6. When a welded joint connects parts of unequal thicknesses
(a) the thinner of two adjacent butt-welded parts including head to shell
connections;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
The nominal thickness
(b) the thickness of the shell or the fillet weld, whichever is greater, in
connections to intermediate heads of the type shown in Fig. UW-13.1
sketch (e);
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
Mr. “t” the nominal thickness
(c) the thickness of the shell in connections to tubesheets, flat heads,
covers, flanges (except for welded parts depicted in Fig. 2-4(7), where
the thickness of the weld shall govern), or similar constructions;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
Mr. “t” the nominal thickness
(d) in Figs. UW-16.1 and UW-16.2, the thickness of the weld across
the nozzle neck or shell or head or reinforcing pad or attachment fillet
weld, whichever is the greater;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
Mr. “t” the nominal thickness
e) the thickness of the nozzle neck at the joint in nozzle neck to flange
connections;
f) the thickness of the weld at the point of attachment when a non
pressure part is welded to a pressure part;
g) the thickness of the weld in tube-to-tubesheet connections.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
(6) For repairs, the nominal thickness is the depth of the repair weld.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-40
UW-50 NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF
WELDS ON PNEUMATICALLY TESTED VESSELS.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-50
On welded pressure vessels to be pneumatically tested in accordance
with UG-100, the full length of the following welds shall be
examined7 for the purpose of detecting cracks:
Note:
7 Examination shall be by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-50
UW-51 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF
WELDED JOINTS.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
• UW-51 (a1) A complete set of radiographs and records, as described
in Article 2 of Section V, for each vessel or vessel part shall be
retained by the Manufacturer, as follows:
a) films until the Manufacturer’s Data Report has been signed by the
Inspector;
b) records as required by this Division (10-13).
Records;
(10-13) at least 3 years
MDR
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
10-13 RECORDS RETENTION
a) The Manufacturer or Assembler shall have a system for the
maintenance of radiographs (UW-51), Manufacturer’s Data Reports
(UG-120), and Certificates of Compliance/Conformance (UG-120) as
required by this Division.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
10-13 RECORDS RETENTION
b) The Manufacturer or Assembler shall maintain the documents outlined
below for a period of at least 3 years:
1. Manufacturer’s Partial Data Reports.
2. manufacturing drawings.
3. design calculations, including any applicable Proof Test Reports.
4. Material Test Reports and or material certifications.
5. Welding Procedure Specifications and Procedure Qualification Records.
6. Welders Qualification Records.
7. RT and UT reports.
8. repair procedure and records.
9. process control sheets.
10.heat treatment records and test results.
11.postweld heat treatment records.
12.non-conformances and dispositions.
13.hydrostatic test records.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
(c) For manufacturers of UM stamped vessels or vessels constructed
under the provisions of UG-90(c)(2) rules, the records listed in (b)
above, for six representative vessels per year, shall be maintained as
follows:
1. UM stamped vessels for a period of 1 year.
2. vessels constructed under the provisions of UG-90(c)(2) rules for a
period of 3 years.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11, (a1) all butt welds in the shell and heads of
vessels used to contain lethal substances [see UW-
2(a)].
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11, a(2). All materials; welded joint exceeds 1 ½
in. (38 mm)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11, a(2)………
UCS-57 RADIOGRAPHIC
EXAMINATION
In addition to the requirements
of UW-11, complete
radiographic examination is
required for each butt welded
joint at which the thinner! of the
plate or vessel wall thicknesses
at the welded joint exceeds the
thickness limit above which full
radiography is required in Table
UCS-57.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11 (a3) all butt welds in the shell and heads of
unfired steam boilers having design pressures
exceeding 50 psi (350 kPa) [see UW-2(c)].
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11 (a5) all Category A and D butt welds in
vessel sections and heads where the design of the
joint or part is based on a joint efficiency permitted
by UW-12(a), ….(RT2)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11 (a6) all butt welds joined by electrogas
welding with any single pass greater than 1½in.
(38 mm)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-11 (a6) ….. all butt welds joined by electroslag
welding;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-51 (a2) A written radiographic examination procedure is not
required. Demonstration of (1) density and (2) penetrameter
image requirements on production or technique radiographs shall be
considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with
Article 2 of Section V.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
A written radiographic examination procedure is not required.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Demonstration of (1) density and (2) penetrameter image
requirements on production or technique radiographs shall be
considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with
Article 2 of Section V.
Density
Penetrameter
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Demonstration of (1) density and (2) penetrameter image
requirements on production or technique radiographs shall be
considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with
Article 2 of Section V.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Demonstration of (1) density and (2) penetrameter image requirements
on production or technique radiographs shall be considered satisfactory
evidence of compliance with Article 2 of Section V.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Repaired weld
radiographic testing
substituted by UT?
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
• Repaired welding, at the option of the Manufacturer, ultrasonically
examined in accordance with the method described in Appendix 12
and the standards specified in this paragraph, provided;
Repaired weld
radiographic testing
substituted by UT?
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-51 (b)
Degree of Unacceptable imperfections
Radiographic
Examination.
Full (1) indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion
or penetration;
(2) any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has
length greater than:
(a) ¼ in. (6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
(b) ⅓ t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57 mm)
(c) ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57mm)
(3) any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length
greater than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between
the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of
the longest imperfection in the group;
(4) rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance
standards given in Appendix 4.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b4)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b2)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b2)
UW-51 (b2) any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length
greater than:
(a) ¼ in. (6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
(b) ⅓ t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57 mm)
(c) ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57mm)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b2)
UW-51 (b2) any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length
greater than:
(a) ¼ in. (6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
(b) ⅓ t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57 mm)
(c) ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57mm)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b2) any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length
greater than:
(a) ¼ in. (6 mm) for t up to ¾ in. (19 mm)
(b) ⅓ t for t from ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2 ¼ in. (57 mm)
(c) ¾ in. (19 mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57mm)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b3) any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater
than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive
imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the
group;
UW-51 (b2)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-51 (b3) any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater
than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive
imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the
group;
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b4) rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance
standards given in Appendix 4.
UW-51 (b4)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
Unacceptable imperfections
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-51 (b1)
UW-51 (b2)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/
CommunityCollege/Radiogr
aphy/TechCalibrations/Radi
ographInterp.htm
UW-51 (b2)
UW-51 (b2)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-51
UW-52 SPOT EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
In-progress RT for quality improvement.
NOTE: Spot radiographing of a welded joint is recognized as an effective inspection
tool. The spot radiography rules are also considered to be an aid to quality control.
Spot radiographs made directly after a welder or an operator has completed a unit of
weld proves that the work is or is not being done in accordance with a satisfactory
procedure. If the work is unsatisfactory, corrective steps can then be taken to improve
the welding in the subsequent units, which unquestionably will improve the weld
quality.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b1) Minimum Extent of Spot Radiographic Examination (1) One
spot shall be examined on each vessel for each 50 ft (15 m) increment of
weld or fraction thereof for which a joint efficiency from column (b) of
Table UW-12 is selected. However, for identical vessels or parts, each
with less than 50 ft (15 m) of weld for which a joint efficiency from
column (b) of Table UW-12 is selected, 50 ft (15m) increments of weld
may be represented by one spot examination.
Table UW-12
One spot shall be
Type
number
Joint Degree of Radiographic examined on each
Categorie Examination.
s (a) Full (b) Spot None
vessel (or other
1 A, B, C & 1.00 0.85 0.7
identical vessels) for
D each 50 ft (15m)
increment of weld.
2 A, B, C & 0.90 0.80 0.65
D
A, B & C 0.90 0.80 0.65
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
This rule also addresses smaller, often machine welded
vessels such as small air receivers. One is picked at
random for spot radiography. If it passes, all are
approved.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
One spot shall be examined on each vessel for each 50
ft (15 m) increment of weld.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b2) For each increment of weld to be examined, a sufficient
number of spot radiographs shall be taken to examine the welding of each
welder or welding operator. Under conditions where two or more welders
or welding operators make weld layers in a joint, or on the two sides of a
double-welded butt joint, one spot may represent the work of all welders
or welding operators.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
a sufficient number of spot
radiographs shall be taken to
examine the welding of each welder
or welding operator.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
Welder-C
Welder-B
Welder-A
Under conditions where two or
more welders or welding
operators make weld layers in a
joint, or on the two sides of a
double-welded butt joint, one
spot may represent the work of
all welders or welding operators.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
Every welder in a given 50’ increment must have his work
radiographed. It can be a individual radiographed or a group
picture. Here “welder A” was radiographed alone and
welders B & C’s work was examined on the same radiograph.
Welder-A
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b3) Each spot examination shall be made as soon as
practicable after completion of the increment of weld to be
examined. The location of the spot shall be chosen by the Inspector
after completion of the increment of welding to be examined, except
that when the Inspector has been notified in advance and cannot be
present or otherwise make the selection, the Manufacturer may
exercise his own judgment in selecting the spots.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
The idea of this rule is that each 50’ increment is to be
a hold point for approval; the next increment is not to
be started until the previous one has been accepted. The
drawing below is the simplest case; you will not see this
often.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b4) Radiographs required at specific locations to satisfy the
rules of other paragraphs, such as UW-9(d), UW-11(a)(5)(b), and UW-
14(b), shall not be used to satisfy the requirements for spot radiography.
4 in 4 in
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b4) Radiographs required at specific locations to satisfy the
rules of other paragraphs, such as UW-9(d), UW-11(a)(5)(b), and UW-
14(b), shall not be used to satisfy the requirements for spot radiography.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (b4) Radiographs required at specific locations to satisfy the
rules of other paragraphs, such as UW-9(d), UW-11(a)(5)(b), and UW-
14(b), shall not be used to satisfy the requirements for spot radiography.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52(c) Standards for Spot Radiographic Examination. Spot
examination by radiography shall be made in accordance with the
technique prescribed in UW-51(a). The minimum length of spot
radiograph shall be 6 in. Spot radiographs may be retained or be
discarded by the Manufacturer after acceptance of the vessel by the
Inspector. The acceptability of welds examined by spot radiography shall
be judged by the following standards:
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (c) Standards for Spot Radiographic Examination. Spot
examination by radiography shall be made in accordance with the
technique prescribed in UW-51(a). The minimum length of spot
radiograph shall be 6 in. Spot radiographs may be retained or be
discarded by the Manufacturer after acceptance of the vessel by the
Inspector.
discarded
Spot radiographic examination films
discard after acceptance by the Inspector
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (c) Standards for Spot Radiographic Examination. Spot examination by radiography shall
The minimum
be made in accordance with the technique prescribed in UW-51(a).
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
Spot radiographs may be retained or be discarded
by the Manufacturer after acceptance of the vessel
by the Inspector.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52 (c)
Degree of RT Unacceptable imperfections
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-51 (b2)
t = the thickness of the weld excluding
any allowable reinforcement. For a butt
weld joining two members having
different thicknesses at the weld, t is the
thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full
penetration weld includes a fillet weld,
the thickness of the throat of the fillet
shall be included in t.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52(d) Evaluation and Retests
Spot RT
acceptable
the entire weld increment represented the entire weld increment represented by
the radiographic testing is acceptable the three radiographs is unacceptable
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52(d) Evaluation and Retests
1. The entire rejected weld shall be removed and the joint shall be re-
welded or, at the fabricator’s option,
2. the entire increment of weld represented shall be completely
radiographed and only defects need be corrected.
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
UW-52(d) Evaluation and Retests
(1)全部拍片,修
复或 (2)全部清
除,重焊,再次执
行抽样拍片
UW-52(d2c)
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang UW-52
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang
ASME VIII Div.1- Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang/ He Jungang / Li Xueliang