Antibacterial and Hydrating Soap Using Watermelon Juice Extract and Virgin Coconut Oil

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Senior High School Department
Antibacterial and Hydrating Soap using Watermelon Juice
Extract, Virgin Coconut Oil and Olive Oil
A Research Paper Presented to New Era University in Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for General Physics 2, General Biology 2, Empowerment

Technology and Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
GROUP 4- 12 STEM AM4
Moldez, Mary Rose S.
Sañoza, Gabrielle Anne V.
Sanchez, Darlene Kate N.
Gaza, Naomie S.
Peralta, Jasmin
Villafranca, Maran Asley P.
Alfonso, Mico B.
Arellano, Jade KC C.
Pangan, Joseph E.
Ramirez, Kendrick B.
February 2019
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APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to acknowledge with gratitude the following individuals that
make this research project possible through their kind support and guidance.
First, Our beloved principal and vice principal, Dr. Rebecca S. Supan and Dr. Ronnie
G. Cainglet, for giving us their consent and full support to accomplish this study;
Second, Ms. Emily Orpiada, who developed the project out of series of lectures and for
providing necessary information regarding this research and support for completing this
project.
Third, Eng. Joemar Silao, for the approval and recognition of the work and also
imparting his knowledge and expertise in the study.
Our friends and family, for giving us their unconditional support and love which inspire
us to accomplish this project most especially our parents who provided us both
financially and emotional support;
Last but most importantly, Our Almighty God, for making this investigatory project
successful and possible. We thank Him for giving us the knowledge, patience and
strength to finish this task as a student. We are immensely grateful to Him for guiding us
and for giving us all the courage we need throughout our cruise in this investigatory
project.
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DEDICATION
We, the researchers are wholeheartedly thankful to those people who have been
lending their hands for the success of this study to be possible.
To our parents, who mentally, emotionally and financially support us. They gave
us inspiration and motivation for us not to give up.
To our mentors and/or advisers, who shared their words and advices that
encourage us to continue this study.
And lastly, to our Almighty God, who always giving us strength, wisdom and additional
knowledge that the researchers used in order to finish this study. All praises to our
Father.
M.R.S.M
D.K.N.S
G.A.V.S
N.S.G
J.P
M.A.P.V
M.B.A
J.K.C.A
J.E.P
K.B.R
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ABSTRACT
Watermelon is comprised of 92% water. Hence, the researchers aim to create a
soap that contains Watermelon juice extract with a purpose to increase the water levels
in our skin in combatting dry skin. The objectives of this project are to increase the
levels of hydration in the stratum corneum of the skin, the essential oil production of the
skin and to determine its capability of removing germs from the skin. This project used a
quasi-experimental Pretest-Posttest design with a sample size of three volunteers (n=3)
who used the Watermelon soap and another three volunteers for other brands of soap.
Results showed that the Watermelon increases the water levels in our skin and
increases the essential oil production of the skin significantly compared with other
brands. Additionally, the Watermelon soap can also remove germs from the skin.
Key terms: Dry skin, Stratum Corneum, oil production, germs

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Skin is the second largest organ in a human body and the largest in the
integumentary system. In fact, it protects our internal organ from our physical
environment and prevents excessive loss of water (KC Madison, 2003). Additionally, our
skin serves as the over-all protection or covering of our human body pathogens
(Elizabeth A. Grace, et. al, 2009). It is divided into three layers namely; epidermis,
dermis and hypodermis.
Dry skin or xerosis is a common skin condition which results from lack of
moisture or water on the epidermis layer of the skin (Gray W. Cole, MD). According to
Cole, it can affect both males and females but more so in elders. Dry skin may arises
when the essential oils in the skin that serves as protection against water loss is
removed and scrub off thereby increasing the chance of skin moisture to evaporate,
(Cole, MD).Dr. Cole stated that there are several factors that can cause skin dryness in
individuals and among these are harsh soaps that contains synthetic chemicals which
can exuviate the skin from its oils. According to the study of Gunter Kampf and Joachim
Ennen (2006), they found out that frequent hand washing results to skin dryness and
roughness. Albeit having dry skin is pretty normal among the population, it can lead to
much more concerning and alarming diseases such as Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) if
ignored. .
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Epidermis is the outer layer of the skin. As a result, this layer of the skin becomes
a rich environment for different microbes to live in especially the microorganism,
Staphylococcus epidermidis, which colonize the skin surface. In fact, our faces can
house over 500 million bacteria per square inch (Grace et. al, 2009). Moreover,
because our skin is diversified in terms of types, it became an opportunity for bacteria
which commonly numbers up to 1000 species from 19 phyla to turn it into their habitat
(Grace et. al, 2009). The commonly bacterial phyla are; Actinobacteria that makes up
half of the percentage followed by Fermicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (Grace
et. al, 2009).
Due to this reason, dermatoses such as acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatisis,
seborrheic dermatisis and et cetera can be traced back into the emergence of arrays of
microbes residing in specific skin sites, (Grace et. al, 2009). Moreover, Grace et. al
(2009) postulated that the sebaceous glands in our faces, scalps, and backs produce
immoderate amount of oily sebum hence, becoming the perfect sites for lipophilic
anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes to predominate. Propionibacterium acnes is
considered to be the most abundant bacterium in human skin and plays a huge role in
the development of acne vulgaris or simply known as acne (Sarah Mollerup et. al,
2016).
Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common dermatoses in humans and
emergence of this may vary in age and ethnicity, (S.M Gallitano, MD & D.S Berson, MD,
2017). 85% of adolescents and two-thirds of patients over 18 years old suffer this kind
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of dermatological condition (Gallitano, MD & Berson, MD, 2017). Gallitano, MD and
Berson, MD (2017) in their study stated that acne has been correlated with higher levels
of depression, stress, anxiety and other psychological distress. Women with acnes are
revealed to have greater self-consciousness as stated by Gallitano and Berson (2017).
Skin complications can be traced back to improper sanitation, medical conditions
and heredity. Acnes, one of the most common skin complications which can be caused
by hormones, genes, menstrual cycle and other triggering factors, affects 85% of people
at some time.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.) How much can Watermelon soap hydrates the skin compared to other brands?
2.) How much can Watermelon soap increase the production of sebum compared to
other brands?
3.) Can Watermelon soap removes germs on skin?
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of the study is to create a soap that can increase the
hydration level of Stratum corneum, increase the production of sebum/oils in the body,
and can remove germs from the skin. The researchers also hope to reduce and
eliminate the use of synthetic chemicals on soap by promoting natural ingredients in the
production of soap.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PARENTS
This study can provide knowledge about the benefits of using soap made from
natural ingredients and increasing their awareness regarding the dangers of using harsh
soaps in their body.
DRY-SKIN INDIVIDUALS
Individuals who have been diagnosed in skin dryness would benefit from this
study as this study focuses on hydrating the skin using natural ingredients that have
been proven efficient. This study may also prevent them from further damaging their
condition by raising awareness in the dangers of harsh soaps and chemical additives
found in various soap products.
SOAP MAKERS
This study may serve as a guide and reference for soap makers in searching for
new natural ingredients to be added in their soap businesses. Furthermore, this study
can promote the use of natural ingredients to the soap makers, therefore increasing the
safety of using their products.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS
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This study may serve as a reference and foundation of new researches regarding
natural and organic ingredients which can be used in soap products that can eliminate
the use of harsh chemicals in the production of soap.
SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS
The scope of this study focuses on the skin benefits of using a handmade soap
that uses Watermelon Juice extract, Virgin Coconut Oil and Olive oil. This project will
have three volunteers who will be the one trying the soap and three volunteers for other
soap products who will be undergoing skin test to generate results. The researchers
would also distribute survey forms to Soap makers and Chemistry teachers in New Era
University to provide evaluation of the soap. This project will not cover any benefits not
related to skin or problems that do not have any relations to the subject focus of this
research.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Watermelon is the hottest Korean skin care trend right now (Abouarrage,2017).
Citrullus lanatus or commonly known as Watermelon comes from the Kingdom Plantae
and belongs to a family of Cucurbitaceous. It is comprised of 92% water therefore it is
very effective to use in hydrating and moisturizing the human body (Jessie Szalay,
2017). Due to its watery content, watermelon has a Ph level between 8.5 and 8.8. Aside
from this, watermelon contains array of minerals that are beneficial to your body and
moreover, to your skin and hair. It can also help your skin by making it supple and
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plump. Despite of a large percent of water taking up watermelons, Neha Sedana (2016)
also adduced that this fruit also contains Cucurbita in E, Vitamin C, carotenoid
Lycopene that have antioxidant effects. Lycopene is an antioxidant able to neutralize
free radicals especially responsible for skin aging (Cepali et.al.,2017) Moreover, it has a
variety of vitamins aside from Vitamin C namely; Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B6 (Sedana,
2016).
Our bodies have tons of free radicals- molecules that have unpaired electrons-
that damage our cells which can be reduced by antioxidant. Sedana (2016) argued that
watermelon is very plentiful when it comes to Lycopene, the red pigment we commonly
found in fruits especially tomatoes and other reddish fruits. This lycopene has
antioxidant properties which help in reducing inflammation thus, promoting a healthier
skin tone and keeping wrinkles and acnes at bay (Sedana, 2016). Thus, it was possible
to conclude that Lycopene extract from watermelon pulp can be considered as a source
of anti-oxidant component to use in cosmetic formulation (Cepali et.al.,2017). Moreover,
antioxidant can improve skin health and rejuvenate its appearance as well as,
preventing aging process effectively. Cosmetic product containing anti-oxidant actives
are commonly used to anti-aging combat and the use of vegetable compounds such as
carotenoids are widely studied due to its anti-oxidant act in many system (Lademann
et.al.,2011). Sedana (2016) proposed that Watermelon is also very rich in Vitamin A
which reduces over production of sebum or oil in the body and reduces the size of
pores. Thus, watermelon can also prevent the outbreak of acnes in faces and bodies.
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The juice of this fruit is natural astringent that helps in shrinking body tissues and
as a result, it can also be used as a toner to freshen our skin (Sedana, 2016).
Furthermore, the malic acid and citric acid in this fruit works as exfoliating agents that
leave your skin radiant and glowing. Aside from your skin, watermelon can also help
strengthen your hair as its seeds can prevent hair fall and breakage. The seeds of this
fruit are rich in protein thus, can make your hair appear lustrous, strong and healthy.
This also contains copper which is essential in production of melanin that provides your
hair its color, preventing you from having grey hair. Additionally, it provides moisture to
dry scalps.
Watermelons also have the amino acid glutathione that inhibits tyrosine in
producing melanin therefore lightening the complexion of your skin. This fruit can also
heal sunburns, blemishes, wounds and cracked lips. According to Chang (2017) as
written in an article of W Magazine, watermelon is a very good hydrator. She also
mentioned that watermelon has seasonal benefits especially during summer. Chang
also stated that the watermelon fruit is used as a cure for rashes and irritated skin
because of its soothing effect, which she also mentioned as “Koreans’ well-known
tradition”. Lee,2017 revealed that watermelon is effective when used as a cooling or
soothing mask especially after being exposed to sun or during acne breakouts for teens.
Furthermore, watermelon is ideal for year-round use as it is powerful yet gentle
hydration (Lee,2017). Therefore, Watermelon is good for different type of skin: oily, dry
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and sensitive. Watermelon is a water-binding ingredient that can hydrate and nourish
the skin (Lee,2017).
Aside from watermelon, coconut oil and olive oils are vital ingredients of
watermelon soap. When it comes to beauty or skin care products, these two oils are last
or sometimes out of the list of the natural oils which give benefits to the skin. However,
Dermatologist, natural beauty devotees and a growing body of scientific studies are
starting to bring these plant’s potential to light(O’connor,2018). People are having
misconceptions about the ability of coconut oil in treating the skin, especially when the
skin is oily or dry. They thought that oil shouldn’t be applied in the face because it will
just make the skin oilier and prone to acne-breakout. But, actually it’s favorable for all
skin types.
“Dry skin occurs when our skin lacks appropriate oil, resulting in rough, dry or
flaky skin. Applying nourishing oil like coconut oil topically helps restore the lipid barrier,
which reduces the water loss. Inhibits per oxidative and oxidative damage and improves
antimicrobial function… If your skin overproduces oil, applying nourishing oil helps
exfoliate skin because it breaks up and dissolves excess oil…” explains by Noelle, a
Nutritional Therapy Practitioner. As stated by Joshua Zeichner, MD, director of the
cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City,
coconut oil effectively treats the skin due to its natural fats components. One of these
natural fats is linoleic acid which is very beneficial for acne-prone skins and the lauric
acid for antimicrobial and hydration of the skin. Furthermore, studies show that the
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coconut oil improves the skin barrier function and repair the skin. Also, it has anti-
inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It also fights the sign of skin-aging. Coconut
oil is naturally antibacterial, antifungal and moisturizing (O’Connor, 2018). According to
the research published by International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2018) when
coconut oil is applied as a moisturizer it is as safe and effective as mineral oil. Coconut
oil is an effective and superior moisturizer for the face and body (Noelle, 2018).
Sullivan (2018) has written that Olive oil, according to the International Olive Council is
rich in Vitamins such as A, D and E. It also has antioxidants to prevent the damage
caused by ultraviolet radiation, it even moisturizes and hydrates the skin. Moreover,
acne-prone skin needs olive oil to decline the acne by fighting acne-causing bacteria.
Lavender oil is knowingly known as fragrance, but Lavender is more than just a scent,
because, the lavender oil helps cleanse the skin and lessen the redness and irritation,
lightens the skin, protects from free radicals, anti-inflammatory and heal acne breakouts
(Sullivan, 2018).
Watermelon, Coconut oil, Olive oil and Lavender oil have all the qualities needed
to create an effective type of soap. These ingredients will make the skin healthier, firmer
and will leave the skin hydrated and moisturized.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
According to Ambreen Naz, et.al (2014), Watermelon is made up of 92% of
water, rich presences of Lycopene and Beta Carotene and essential vitamins such as
B1 and B6 making it an inexpensive source of different health benefits. Due to
watermelon’s immensely water content, the researchers used it as one of the
ingredients in making a cold processed soap in hopes to alleviate skin dryness by
hydrating the skin.
According to the studies of Susan Patterson (2016), virgin coconut oil exhibits
good performance on skin by moisturizing it or increasing the hydration level of skin and
several studies have been conducted to testify its ability to moisturize the skin.
Furthermore, this oil contains 85% lauric acid, the primary fatty acid that acts as the
antibacterial agent of this oil.
Olive oil has been shown to have antibacterial properties. In one study, they
looked at the effect of using olive oil on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on skin. The
results found that this oil exhibited antibacterial properties. Moreover, olive oil is a
popular moisturizer that is frequently used to relax both skin and hair.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
HIGH
CONTENT
OF WATER
INCREASES INCREASE
STRATUM
IN SEBUM
CORNEUM
LEVEL
HYDRATION
VIRGIN
COCONUT OIL
& OLIVE OIL
ALLEVIATES
SKIN
DRYNESS
Watermelon contains a high content of water with a percentage of 92% hence; it is
believed to increase the hydration levels of the skin particularly the Stratum corneum
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layer. To increase the water level in this layer, the sebum level of the skin has to
increase concomitantly. The presence of Virgin Coconut oil and Olive oil in the soap can
add moisture as well as oil to the skin, thus; alleviating the dryness or skin. Due to the
watery content of the soap, it helps in maintaining the acidity of the pH level of skin and
at the same time, increasing the pH level of skin enough to remove bacteria and germs.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
These are the important terms that were mentioned in the research paper and its
operational definition.
Antibacterial- is an agent that interferes with the growth and reproduction of bacteria
Antioxidant- a substance that inhibits the oxidation, preventing cell damage
Bacteria- microscopic single-celled organisms living in various environments
Dermatoses- conditions affecting the skin
Epidermis- outermost layer of the skin
Microbes- miscroscopic organism in single-celled form or in a colony of cells
Hydration- the process of absorbing water
Pathogens- microorganism that can cause disease
Sebaceous glands- microscopic glands that secrete oil to lubricate and waterproof the
skin
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Sebum- oily and waxy substance secreted by sebaceous glands
Skin dryness- a common skin condition due to lack of moisture in the epidermis layer of
skin
Stratum Corneum- outermost layer of epidermis
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the procedures and techniques used by the
researcher in completing the study. It includes the project design, project
development, project components, project construction, testing and operation of the
project and project evaluation methods.
PROJECT DESIGN
This project uses the quasi-experimental design, specifically Pretest-Posttest
design that uses two groups to see if there is an increase in the hydration level of the
skin and sebum production level of the volunteers who used the Watermelon soap
and to compare these results with those from the volunteers using other soap
brands. Pretest-Posttest design is a type of quasi-experimental design in which the
dependent variable is measure once before a certain treatment is conducted and
once after is it conducted to identify if that particular treatment has made a
significant improvement (Cook, T.D and Campbell, D.T, 1979).

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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
The Process of making the Anti-bacterial and Hydrating Soap using Watermelon
juice, Virgin Coconut Oil and Olive oil
PROJECT NEED PROJECT PROJECT CONCLUSION

CONSTRUCTION
 Sodium Hydroxide The watermelon juice,
 Watermelon extract The process starts with Virgin Coconut oil, and
 Virgin Coconut oil sodium hydroxide and Olive oil can be used to
 Olive oil water solution. create an anti-bacterial
Watermelon juice, VCO, and hydrating soap.
and Olive oil will be added.
The lavender will give
fragrance to the soap. The
sodium hydroxide will act
as the base of the soap;
this will solidify together
with the essential oils.
This project is created to prove that the watermelon juice, Virgin coconut oil and
olive oil can be used as an ingredient in an anti-bacterial and hydrating soap; that these
elements could be combined to give benefits to the skin as one.
PROJECT COMPONENTS
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS
1.44 oz Sodium Hydroxide (Lye) 4 oz Virgin Coconut Oil
2.97 oz Distilled Water 6 oz Extra Virgin Olive Oil

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3 oz Watermelon Juice Parchment Paper
Weighing Scale Molder
Clean container Stick or Immersion Blender
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)
It is a highly caustic base and alkali that are used in a variety of manufacturing
processes. It is a very important ingredient of soap responsible for saponifying the
essential oils used in soaps.
Distilled Water
It is water that has been boiled into vapor and condensed back to liquid in a separate
container- a process known as distillation.
Virgin Coconut Oil
Virgin Coconut oil is oil that has been extracted without the application of heat,
therefore, its essential properties remains in the oil.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
It is unrefined oil and the highest-quality olive oil that was extracted from olive leaves
Watermelon Juice
Juice extracted from Watermelon.

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PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
Before conducting the process of making this watermelon soap, the researchers
consulted the website brambleberry.com to use its lye calculator as it is important that
the lye and water are in its specified amount. Any excess or shortage of lye may result
to failure of this product.
Figure 1. Pouring lye to the Water
The first step in making the watermelon soap is the making of lye-water solution.
In making the lye-water solution, it is important that the researchers know and are able
to practice the safety precautions in handling lye because it is very dangerous and even
poisonous to our skin and internal organs. Thus, researchers are obligated to wear
gloves and eye protection glasses when handling the Sodium Hydroxide or Lye. After
making sure that the experimenter is fully protected from any hazards, he/she
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proceeded in dissolving the lye into the water. The most important step here is that the
experimenter cannot pour the water into the lye instead; he/she will pour the lye directly
to the water. While stirring the solution, one should not use metals or wood in stirring
the solution instead, opt for stainless one. Moreover, it is also dangerous to inhale the
fumes emitting from the solution as it is also detrimental to your health so it is an
advisory to keep a safe distance away from the solution.
Watermelon juice is mostly composed of water hence, the researchers used an
upgraded method in soap making called Water discount in which the water used in
dissolving the lye is reduced by a percentage of 10. In calculating for the water discount,
the researchers will just have to multiply the original water amount with 90% thus (3.30
oz x .9= 2.97 oz.). From its supposed amount of 3.30 oz, the new water amount is 2.97
oz.
Figure 2. Virgin Coconut Oil and Extra Virgin Coconut Oil Figure 3. Mixing Virgin Coconut Oil and Extra Virgin Olive Oil
together
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After making sure that the lye is fully dissolved into the water, put it aside in a
clean area and let it cool enough. While waiting for it to cool, proceed in mixing the
essential oils (Olive oil and Virgin Coconut oil).
Figure 4. Watermelon Figure 5. Making of Watermelon Puree
After mixing the essential oils, create
your watermelon puree by using a stick
blender. When puree is finally created, use a
strainer to extract the excess juices from the
puree. This watermelon juice will be used later
when the lye-water solution is ready to be
poured into the oils.
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Figure 6. Pouring lye-water solution to the Oil

Mixture
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Carefully, pour the lye-water solution into the oils and before turning on the stick
blender, make sure that you have burped the mixture using the blender. This is an
important step as to avoid accidental splashing of the mixture into your body when
blending the mixture.
After blending the mixture
altogether, the researchers will then
noticed that there have been already a
formation of what soapers will call
“trace”. From the meaning of the word
itself, trace is a visible trail of your
Figure 7. Blending oils and lye-water using stick blender
mixture when you move your blender in any directions across your mixture. As for this
process, thick traces can be visibly seen in the photo. There are different kinds of
traces; light, medium and thick traces. As for this proces, the researchers achieved the
thick traces purposefully to speed up the
hardening of the soap.
When the mixture is finally blended
and traces are finally achieved, pour the
watermelon juices into the mixture and
ready to blend it altogether again. Using
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Figure 8. Mixing watemelon juice with the mixture

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fragrance oil is optional thus; the researchers didn’t put any fragrance oil into the
mixture.
Finally, prepare your molder covered
in parchment paper. Using parchment paper
will avoid the soap from sticking into the
molder that might make it difficult to pull it
away from the molder.
Figure 9. Molder
Figure 10. Pouring mixture into the molder Figure 11. Mixture in the molder
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Pour the soap into the molder and let it set for 2-3 days. When the soap hardens
enough, it can be removed from the molder already. Cut it into proportioned sizes and
let it cure again for at least four-6 weeks.
TESTING AND OPERATION
In conducting the product test, the researchers have made it sure the safety of
the watermelon soap by conducting a pH test on it using a pH strip that would tell the
pH value of your soap. This method is commonly done in soap businesses. Normally,
the pH value of the skin is between 4.5-5.0 pH which varies depending on where a
person lives and anywhere between 6.0-10.0 pH value of a Cold-processed soap is fine
and normal since it is naturally alkaline or basic as long as it would not go beyond any
more than that, (soapqueen.com). In conducting the pH test, the researchers would use
a distilled water and rub the soap against his/her hand until bubbles formed. The
researchers would then put the pH strip directly to the soaped hand and wait until the
strip turned in another color. The result of the pH test showed that the soap is
somewhere in between 9 or 10 pH level and is safe to use according to the color seen
in the strip which was a light blue.
After assuring that the soap is safe to use on the skin, three human volunteers
from the research group who have dry skin would undergo a skin test or skin patch
testing by rubbing the soap on the skin of the junction were the forearm and upper arm
meet, directly above the elbow then covering it with bandage for 24 hours. This method
was repeated on the volunteers for a week to see if irritant contact dermatitis may occur.
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After assuring that the soap did not rigger any allergic reaction, the volunteers would
then proceed to use the soap. However, before using the soap, the researchers would
analyze their Stratum corneum hydration levels and sebum excretion levels using Skin
Analyzer to compare the results before and after using the soap for about three weeks.
The soap would be tested on the small region in their forearms to see if there are any
significant changes in the skin condition of the volunteer. This would provide the
researchers a result of using the nutrients from the watermelon juices and essential oils.
The researchers strictly monitored the hydration level of the skin and the amount of
oils/sebum emitted from the pores.
PROJECT EVALUATION METHODS
To evaluate the soap, the researchers created a survey questionnaire form that
has been distributed among soap makers and to those who have knowledge in creating
cold-processed soap. With that being said, the sampling technique that was imposed
was Purposive Sampling Technique. Purposive Sampling Technique is a Non-Random
Sampling commonly used in a very small sample size where one needs to study a
particular domain, usually an expert or knowledgeable individual on a certain thing or
field (Danilo B. De Guzman, 2015).
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CHAPTER 3
RESULTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The watermelon soap with its nutritional characteristics from the fruit itself and
the other essential oils produce a hydrating and anti-bacterial soap. The juice of the
watermelon can also be used as an ingredient for the soap in hopes to increase the
water levels of skin. The target beneficiaries of this soap are adults and individuals
suffering from dry skin. Furthermore, the use of natural ingredients in this soap would
bring several benefits to your skin.
PROJECT STRUCTURE
The project is named as the “Anti-bacterial and Hydrating Soap using
Watermelon Juice Extract, Virgin Coconut Oil, and Olive Oil. The product may benefit to
people to keep their skin moisturized and hydrated. It also has nutritional characteristics
that produce hydration the helps to hydrate and lighten the skin. Moreover, the product
is also anti-bacterial that helps to prevent on having acne or pimples.
Project Leader
Product Making
Design Making
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Task Leader/s: Task Leader:
Villafranca & Moldez Arellano
Gaza Alfonso
Peralta Pangan
Sanchez
Ramirez
Sañoza
The team was divided into different tasks. Each task given depends upon the
strength of each member to finish the task given. In product (soap) making, there are six
(6) members responsible in making the actual soap. The instruments and equipment
used were Sodium Hydroxide (Lye), distilled water, virgin coconut oil, olive oil, a
weighing scale, a clean container and parchment papers. The color of the soap may
depend on how much watermelon juice and oil is mixed in. It only took about 2 to 3 days
before the soap harden enough. To keep the soap clean and bacteria-free, the team
produces a box that perfectly fits with the soap. About the design of the box and logo,
there are four (4) persons assigned to do the tasks; the team asked them first if they
have knowledge in making designs. It only took a day in making the first design draft.
The colors used were vibrant and related to what color the watermelon and other
ingredients have.
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DATA AND RESULTS
Data and results were gathered through the use of non-invasive technology, Skin
Analyzer, in determining the water and oil level of the skin. The researchers used a
quasi-experimental method called Pretest-Posttest to determine the effectiveness of
using the Watermelon soap.
The mean for each table was calculated using the following equation:
∑𝑋
𝑋̅−=
𝑛
And for the standard deviation, the equation is as follow:
∑(𝑥 − ̅̅̅
𝑥)2
𝑠= √
𝑛−1
Table 1. Stratum Corneum Hydration level of Volunteers (Watermelon Soap)
Volunteers Pretest Posttest Gain score

1 30.3 42.5 12.2
2 33.4 43.9 10.5
3 32.8 41.1 8.3
Mean 32.17 42.5 10.33

Standard Deviation ±1.64 ±1.4 ±1.96
This table showed the comparison of Stratum Corneum hydration of the
volunteers before and after using the Watermelon soap for three weeks. There has
been a significant increase in the hydration level of the volunteers by 6.67 differences in
the hydration level between before and after and a standard deviation of ±1.19.
Table 2. Sebum/Oil Excretion level of Volunteers (Watermelon soap)
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Volunteer 1 14.5 16.4 1.9
Volunteer 2 13.5 18.9 5.4
Volunteer 3 14.6 17.5 2.9
Mean 14.2 17.6 3.4

This table showed the comparison of Sebum excretion level of the volunteers
before and after using the Watermelon soap for three weeks. There has been a
significant increase in the sebum level of the volunteers with a difference of 3.4 and a
standard deviation of ±1.8 between before and after.
Table 3. Stratum Corneum Hydration level of Volunteers (Other Brands)

Volunteer 1 30.4 34.4 4
Volunteer 2 31.6 33.9 2.3
Volunteer 3 32.2 33.3 1.1
Mean 31.4 33.83 2.47

This table showed the comparisons of Stratum Corneum hydration level of the
volunteers using other brands before and after using the products for three weeks.
There is an increase in hydration level by 3.8 differences between before and after with
a standard deviation of ±1.95.
Table 4. Sebum excretion level of Volunteers (Other Brands)
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Volunteer 1 13.1 14.1 1

Volunteer 2 12.4 13.3 0.9
Volunteer 3 13.7 14.5 0.8
Mean 13.07 13.97 0.9

Standard Deviation 0.65 0.61 ±0.1
This table showed the comparison of Sebum excretion of the volunteers who
used other soaps before and after three weeks. There is a small increase in the sebum
production with a difference of 0.9 and a standard deviation of ±0.1 between before and
after.
Chart 1. The difference in the Increase of Stratum Corneum Hydration between

Watermelon Soap and Other brands
12
Increase in Stratum Corneum Hydration
10
10.33
6 Watermelon Soap
Other Brands
4
2 2.47
0
Watermelon Soap Other Brands
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Stratum corneum Hydration
This chart showed that the volunteers who used the Wondermelon soap (n=3)
has shown the higher increase in the hydration of Stratum corneum (mean value=
10.33) while those who used other facial soaps (n=3) rendered a mean value of 2.47.
Chart 2. The difference in the increase of Sebum excretion level between Watermelon
soap and Other Brands
4
Increase in Sebum excretion level
3.5
3.4
3
2.5
2 Watermelon Soap
Other Brands
1.5
1
0.9
0.5
0
Watermelon Soap Other Brands
Sebum excretion level
This chart showed that the volunteers who used the Watermelon soap (n=3) has
shown the higher increase in the production of sebum (mean value= 3.4) compared to
the volunteers who used other brands that have a mean value of 0.9
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Figure 12. Negative Control Figure 13. Positive Control
The figures above showed the comparison between two control groups. The
fingers that was streaked with germs from phones and keyboards were pressed against
the plate and considered to be the negative control group. Meanwhile, the same fingers
were inoculated by washing the hands with the Watermelon soap and were then
pressed aginst the plate hence, it is the positive control group. The negative control has
shown growth of yeast and mold while the positive control group did not show any even
after 11 days of incubation, therefore the Watermelon is capable of removing germs
from the skin.
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PROJECT EVALUATION
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CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY
Skin dryness of Xerosis has been a complication among individuals until this day.
Albeit, this is a very common skin condition, improper treatment and negligence can
worsen this condition thus, resulting into skin diseases such as eczema and others. It
was revealed that the use of harsh soaps containing several chemicals bring damages
to our skin, scrap off the essential oils from the skin, hence, resulting to the dryness of
the skin. Moreover, the epidermis layer of the skin acts us the barrier and protection of
the internal organs from the harsh environment and with that being said, it is also the
primary habitat of several bacteria in the skin making it the primary reason of the
emergence of acne.
Harsh soaps that consist of synthetic chemicals are among the reasons that
aggravate the skin by removing its moisture and essential oils. Therefore, the
researchers created a cold-processed soap made up of all natural ingredients that are
healthy to the skin. The main ingredient of the soap is the Watermelon juice extract that
contains arrays of vitamins and nutrients which are good for the skin. Studies have
claimed that Watermelon is rich of antioxidants—substances that inhibit oxidation of cell
thereby, preventing cell damage—because of its Lycopene. More importantly,
Watermelon is made up of 92% of water; hence, the researchers used it as an
ingredient to moisturize the skin. Essential oils like Virgin coconut oil and Olive Oil are
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revealed to be good moisturizers to the skin, and are also postulated to be antibacterial
by many studies.
After testing the soap on the volunteers, the researchers found out that it is
capable of increasing the hydration of our skin by increasing the moisture level of the
Stratum Corneum, and increasing the production of essential oils in our skin.
Comparisons of these results from the results of using other brands show significant
differences in increasing the water levels in the skin.
Moreover, the researchers also found out that the Watermelon soap is a good
antibacterial soap despite the absence of triclocarban and triclosan—chemical
substance with antibacterial properties.
CONCLUSION
1. The Watermelon in the soap with the addition of the essential oils is proved to
increase the hydration levels in the Stratum Corneum of the volunteers compared
to the volunteers who used other brands.
2. The Watermelon soap shows a significant higher increase in the production of
essential oil in the skin of the volunteers compared to the skins of the volunteers
who used other brands.
3. The Watermelon soap can remove germs from the skin.
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RECOMMENDATION
PARENTS
The safety of the children from the germs and bacteria are the utmost priority of
parents. However, regular soaps being sold in markets claiming they are antibacterial
pose more danger to children rather than cleanse the dirt from the skin. Those regular
soaps contains harsh chemicals such as Triclocarban (TCC) and Triclosan which can
affect the hormone levels of the body and increase the resistance of bacteria against
them. United States Food and Drug Authority have already banned the use of these
chemical agents. Therefore, by ensuring the safety of the family, use soaps that are
made up of natural ingredients which are proven to be safe and healthy to the skin and
possess antibacterial properties as well rather than the soap that contains list of harsh
chemical additives.
DRY-SKIN INDIVDUALS
Use of harsh soaps can worsen your skin dryness; therefore use soaps that have
natural ingredients such as Virgin Coconut Oil, Olive oil and fruits rich in water such as
Watermelon, to provide moisture to your skin and increase the production of essential
oils.
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SOAP MAKERS
Promote the use of natural and organic ingredients in your soap and discontinue
the use of harsh chemicals in the soap which could bring danger to the consumers’
health.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS
The researchers recommend to the future researchers to extend the study of
using fruits and other natural ingredients in the production of soap and other cosmetic
products and the health benefits of these ingredients to the skin of individuals.
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REFERENCES
(October 9, 2018). 13 Impressive Health Benefits of Watermelon. Retrieve from
www.naturalfoodseries.com/13-benefits-watermelon
(May 10, 2017). Watermelon: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts. Retrieve from
www.livescience.com/46019-watermelon-nutrition.html
(June 20, 2017). Watermelon: Health benefits, nutrition, and risks. Retrieve from
www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/266886.php
(2005-18). Picture of the Skin Retrieve from www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-
treatments/picture-of-the-skin#1
(2013). 7 BENEFITS OF WATERMELON FOR HAIR & SKIN. Retrieve from
www.faithinnature.co.uk/article/7-benefits-of-watermelon-for-hair-skin.aspx
(June 5, 2016). Refreshing Beauty Secrets Of Watermelon That Your Skin Would Love.
Retrieve from www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/refreshing-beauty-secrets-of-
watermelon-that-your-skin-would-love-3164
(April 24, 2018). 7 Surprising Benefits Watermelons Have For Your Skin. Retrieve from
www.curejoy.com/content/benefits-of-watermelon-for-skin
(2018). Watermelon Beauty Benefits On Face : How To Use Watermelon Juice For Skin
In Summer. Retrieve from http://lookgood.expertscolumn.com/article/watermelon-
beauty-benefits-face-how-use-watermelon-juice-for-skin-summer
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(2015). How to use Watermelon for skin care. Retrieve from
beautyhealthtips.in/watermelon-skin-benefits/
Gallitano, S.M & Berson D.S. (October, 2017). How Acne Bumps Cause the Blues: The
Influence of Acne Vulgaris on Self-esteem
Grace, Elizabeth et. al. (May, 2009). Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the
Human Skin Microbiome
Pappas S. (2009). Your Body Is a Wonderland ... of Bacteria. ScienceNOW Daily News
Archived 2 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues
in field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
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APPENDICES
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DOCUMENTATION
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EVALUATION FORM
Dear respondents,
We are the Grade 12 STEM AM4-Group 4 conducting a survey for our investigatory
project entitled “Antibacterial and Hydrating Soap using Watermelon Juice Extract, Virgin
Coconut Oil and Olive Oil”. Your response will serve as our evaluation regarding the
project we made. The researchers assure you that any personal information will be kept
confidential. Thank you!
A. Instruction: Please put a check (/) on the boxes of your answer. (One check only for every
question)
5 1
4 3 2
VERY VERY
SATISFIED NEUTRAL DISSATISFIED
SATISFIED DISSATISFIED
1. Fragrance
2. Color
3. Lather
4. Packaging
5. Design/Shape
6. Size
7. Hardness
8. Texture
9. Effect/Feel
10. Brand Name
Comments/Suggestions:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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EVALUATION AND RESULTS

Table 5. Satisfaction of Soap makers on the qualities of Watermelon Soap
Very Percent- Percent Neu Percen Perce Very Percent
Questions Satisfied Dissatisfied Total
Satisfied age age tral tage ntage Dissatisfied age
Fragrance 1 20% 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Color 0 0% 2 40% 3 60% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Lather 0 0% 5 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Packaging 1 20% 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Design/shape 0 0% 2 40% 3 60% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Size 0 0% 2 40% 2 40% 1 20% 0 0% 5
Hardness 2 40% 3 60% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Texture 3 60% 2 40% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Effect/Feel 0 0% 4 80% 1 20% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Brand name
0 0% 4 80% 1 20% 0 0% 0 0% 5
Majority of the respondents were satisfied with the fragrance. Majority of the
respondents were neutral on the color of soap. All of the respondents were satisfied
with the lather of soap. Majority of the respondents was satisfied with the packaging and
majority of the respondents were neutral on the design/shape of the soap. There are
mixed opinions between the respondents regarding the size of soap. Majority of the
respondents were satisfied with the hardness and was very satisfied with the texture of
the soap. Majority of the respondents was satisfied with the effect or feel of the soap to
the skin and with the brand name.
Majority of the respondents commented to improve the design or shape of the
Watermelon Soap. Four out of the five respondents recommended improving the size of
the soap. Three out of the five respondents said that the soap is too hard and
recommended to increase the soft oils in the soap. All of the respondents said that the
texture was good.
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PROTOTYPE
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GANTT CHART
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ACTUAL PROJECT COST
Materials Price Quantity Amount

Watermelon 35 pesos 2 70 pesos
Virgin Coconut Oil
115 pesos 2 230 pesos
(100mL)
Olive oil (Virgin)
179 pesos 2 358 pesos
(250 mL)
Sodium Hydroxide
90 pesos 1 90 pesos
(Lye)
Distilled Water (500
16 pesos 2 32 pesos
mL)
TOTAL AMOUNT: 780 pesos
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CURRICULUM VITAE
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MOLDEZ, MARY ROSE S.
26-A Coral Ville Town Homes Pasacola st. Novaliches,

Quezon City, Philippines
Cellphone Number: 09156344010
Email: mrsmoldez@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA Sex: Female
Date of Birth: January 31, 2001 Civil Status: Single
Age: 18 years old Language/Dialect spoken: Filipino and

English
Height: 5’0”
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo (Church of

Christ)
SKILLS AND INTERESTS
 I have an experience in writing editorial and feature articles on schoolpapers

 I am an avid learner of Science
 I’m versatile and hard-working
 I love reading books and watching movies
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
SECONDARY
New Era University
2017-present
Doña Rosario High School
2016-2017
ELEMENTARY
Nagkaisang Nayon Elementary School
2012-2013
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VILLAFRANCA, Maran Asley P.
Motorpool Cmpd. T. Sora Ave.,
Culiat, Quezon City
0977-267-5229
maranasleyvillafranca@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH : April 09, 2001
PLACE OF BIRTH : Unisan, Quezon Prov.
GENDER : Female
AGE : 17
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : IGLESIA NI CRISTO
HEIGHT : 5’0”
WEIGHT : 50 kgs
LANGUAGE SPOKEN : English and Filipino
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL : New Era University
2017- present
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : New Era University
2012-2017
ELEMENTARY : Padre Burgos Central School
2007-2012
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Naomie S. Gaza
naomiegaza23@gmail.com | 09260656631
Lot 2 Blk 9 St. John Park Homes Subdivision Taytay, Rizal,

1920
Personal Data
Date of Birth: May 23, 2001
Age: 17 years old
Sex: Female
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo (Church of Christ
Civil Status: Single
Language/Dialect: Filipino and English
Education
Senior High School (2017-2019)

New Era University
No. 9 Central Ave. New Era, Quezon City
Junior High School (2012-2017)

Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
D. Espiritu St. Brgy. Dolores Taytay, Rizal
Primary Education (2007-2012)

Rosario Ocampo Elementary School
Rizal Ave. Taytay, Rizal
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Gabrielle Anne V. Sañoza

#89 A. Sta. Maria St. Brgy. Holy Spirit
1127, Quezon City, Philippines
Mobile No.: 0916-604-1337
Email: sanoza.gabrielleav@gmail.com
Personal Information Full Name: Gabrielle Anne V. Sañoza
Gender: Female
Date of birth: August 20, 1999
Age: 19
Marital Status: Single
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo
Educational Background
New Era University - Quezon City Primary Education (2005 - 2007)
Secondary Education to Present (2007 – 2019)
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Joseph E. Pangan
Address: Blk. 5 Lot 09 Phase1 – L2 F. Manalo Street brgy.
San Jose, Rodriguez Rizal
Contact No.: 09089202957
E-mail Add.: josephpangan0218@gmail.com
Personal Information:
Age: 18 years old

Date of Birth: February 18, 2000
Place of Birth: Taal, Batangas
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo
Mother’s Name: Sherilyn S. Estrada
Occupation: Housewife
Father’s Name: Marlon R. Pangan
Occupation: Driver
Educational Attainment:
Secondary
K-12 (Senior High)
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM)
New Era University
2017-Present
(Junior High)
Tagumpay National High School
Tagumpay San Jose Rodriguez Rizal
2012 – 2017
Primary
Tagumpay Elementary School
Tagumpay San Jose Rodriguez Rizal
2006 - 2012
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MICO B. ALFONSO
Phone: 09178220764
Email: micoalfonso14@gmail.com
Address: Phase 8 Blk. 79 Lt. 18 Eastwood Residence San Isidro
Rodriguez, Rizal
Birthday: July 19, 2001
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of birth : July 19, 2001

Civil Status : Single
Place of Birth : Quezon City
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’6
Weight : 132.28 lbs
Religion : Born Again Christian
Mother’s name : Melme Alfonso
Occupation : Housewife
Contact number : 09153408153
Father’s name : Levie Alfonso
Occupation : Cameraman
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
 Elementary : Promise Land Christian School Graduated

 Junior high School : Roosevelt College Rodriguez Graduated
 Senior high School : New Era University
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Jade Kc C. Arellano
Phone: 09368709620
Email:sthetickyle@yahoo.com
Address: Central Condo. NSB rm. 705 Central Ave. Quezon City
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of birth : December 18, 2000

Civil Status : Single
Place of Birth : Pasig City
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’8
Weight : 127.88 lbs
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Father’s name : Erwin Arellano
Occupation : Company Representative
Mother’s name : Marigold Arellano
Occupation : Housewife
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Elementary : Signal Village Elementary School

Junior high School : Northeastern College High School
Senior high School : New Era University
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Darlene Kate N. Sanchez

Encoder
Contact No.: 09055615269
Email: sanchez.darlenekate@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 18 Gender: Female

Date of Birth: August 30, 2000 Place of Birth: Manila
Civil Status: Single Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo (Church of Christ)
Elementary: New Era University (S.Y. 2007-2012)

Junior High School: New Era University (S.Y. 2012-2017)
Senior High School: New Era University (S.Y. 2017-Present)
SKILLS
 Able to work under pressure

 Excellent analysis and planning
 Able to communicate effectively
 Speak and write in fluent Filipino and English
 Have time management
 Excellent computer skills
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Jasmin Peralta
#25 Kagawad Road, Talanay A, Batasan Hills

Quezon City, Philippines
(926) 463-5986
jp061870@gmail.com
Personal Information
Age: 17 years old

Birthday: September 17, 2000
Birthplace: Brgy. Paitan Sur Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC)
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Educational Attainment
Elementary School Paitan Sur Elementary School (2012-2013)

Junior High School Paitan Sur National High School (2016-2017)
Senior High School New Era University Integrated School (2017-Present)
Skills / Qualifications
• Self-management. Learning. Technology (typing and encoding): Intermediate
• Computer literate especially on Microsoft office application (Word, PowerPoint, and
Excel):
Intermediate
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Kendrick Van Bautusta Ramirez

Dahlia St. palayan Culiat Quezon City
kendrickvan.24@gmail.com
Personal Data
Date: July 7,2018 Religion: IGLESIA NI CRISTO
Name: Kendrick Van Ramirez

Sex: Male Color of hair: Black
Address: Dahlia St. Palayan Culiat Quezon Father’s Name: Arnel Ramirez
City Occupation: Carpenter
Date of Birth: March 24 2001 Mother’s Name: Lomie Ramirez

Place: Jones Isabela Occupation: Teacher
Civil Status: Single Their Address: Jones, Isabela

Citizenship: Filipino
Elementary: Jones West Central School Campus-2 Year Graduated: 2013
High School: Jones Rural School Year Graduated: 2017
60

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