Biodiesel

Rev 2
Indonesia Energy Mix
Biodiesel Regulation

UNDANG-UNDANG NO 30 TAHUN 2007

Peningkatan penyediaan dan pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan

PERATURAN MENTERI ESDM NO. 32 TAHUN 2008

Penyediaan, pemanfaatan, dan tata niaga bahan bakar
nabati (biofuel) sebagai bahan bakar lain
SEKTOR INDUSTRI = 5% Tahun 2010, 10% Tahun 2015 dan 15% Tahun 2020

PERATURAN MENTERI ESDM NO. 12 TAHUN 2015

Revisi Target atas Permen No.32 Tahun 2008
SEKTOR INDUSTRI = 15% Tahun 2015, 20% Tahun 2016 and 30% Tahun 2020

PERATURAN MENTERI ESDM NO. 41 TAHUN 2018

Penyediaan dan pemanfaatan bahan bakar Nabati
Biodiesel Mandatory Road Map
Introduction
• Biodiesel is diesel fuel replacement, produced
from vegetable oils or animal fats through the
chemical process of Transesterification : Fatty
Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)
• Biodiesel can be used to any diesel engine in any
percent 0-100% with little or no modification in
engine
Terms in Biodiesel Blends :

• B5 = 5% Biodiesel + 95% Diesel Fuel

• B7 = 7% Biodiesel + 93% Diesel Fuel
• B20 = 20% Biodiesel + 80% Diesel Fuel
• B100 = 100% or Pure Biodiesel
Introduction
Transesterification Process

Vegetable Oils/
Animal Fats

Crude
Biodiesel
Methanol + Transesterification Refining
Catalyst

Methanol Glycerin
Glycerin
Recovery Refining
Introduction
Transesterification Reaksi Kimia
Benefits of Biodiesel

Low Emission

Better Lubricity

High Cetane Number

Low Sulphur

Renewable Energy
Benefits of Biodiesel

Low Emission

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/diesels_emissions.html
Benefits of Biodiesel

Better Lubricity

Investigation of friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel

M.A. Fazal , A.S.M.A. Haseeb, H.H. Masjuki Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603
Benefits of Biodiesel
High Cetane Number
Benefits of Biodiesel

Low Sulphur
Biodiesel Specification
SNI 7182 : 2015
Biodiesel Blends Test
Standard Biodiesel
Parameter Unit Japan EU EN 14214:2003 USA Dirjen EBTKE No.
JIS K2390:2008 ASTM D6751-08 100 K/10/DJE/2016

Ester content mass% 96.5 min 96.5 min - 96.5 min as Ester
Metil
Density kg/m3 860-900 860-900 - 850-890
Viscosity mm2/s at 40°C 3.50-5.00 3.50-5.00 1.9-6.0 2.3-6.0

Flashpoint oC 120 min 120 min 93 min 100 min

Sulfur content mass% 0.0010 max 0.0010 max 0.0015 0.005 max
Distillation T90 oC - - 360 max 360 max
Carbon residue (100%) or - - 0.05 max 0.05 max
Carbon residue (10%) mass% 0.30 max 0.30 max - 0.30 max
Cetane number 51.0 min 51.0 min 47 min 51 min
Sulfated ash mass% 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max
Water content mg/kg 500 max 500 max 0.05 vol% max 0,05 vol % max

Total contaminant mg/kg 24 max 24 max -

Copper corrosion Class-1 Class-1 No.3 No.1

Acid value mgKOH/kg 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.5 max
Oxidation stability, or Hours (**) 6.0 min 3 min 480 ,minutes
Induction Period, Petro Oksi Method 36 minutes
Iodine value 120 max 120 max - 115 max
Methyl Linolenate mass% 12.0 max 12.0 max - -
Polyunstaturated FAME (more than 4 double- mass% N.D. 1 max - -
bonds)
Methanol content mass% 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.2 max (*) -
Standard Biodiesel
Parameter Unit Japan EU EN 14214:2003 USA Dirjen EBTKE No. 100
JIS K2390:2008 ASTM D6751-08 K/10/DJE/2016

Monoglyceride content mass% 0.80 max 0.80 max - 0,80 max

Diglyceride content mass% 0.20 max 0.20 max - -
Triglyceride content mass% 0.20 max 0.20 max - -
Free glycerol content mass% 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.020 max 0.02 max
Total glycerol content mass% 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.240 max 0.24 max
Na+K mg/kg 5.0 max 5.0 max 5 max -
Ca+Mg mg/kg 5.0 max 5.0 max 5 max -
Phosphorous content mg/kg 10.0 max 10.0 max 10 max 4 max
Cloud point oC 18oC max
Water & sediment %-vol 0.05 max
Halphen test
 Pola Suplai Dalam Negeri

6 Refinery Unit

119 TBBM
SABANG

KRUENG RAYA

LHOK SEUMAWE IMPORT

P. NATUNA

141 Tankers
MEULABOH
TARAKAN TAHUNA
LAB. DELI

SIBOLGA

BITUNG

G. SITOLI UP. II - DUMAI TOBELO

TOLI - TOLI
T.UBAN
SIAK

641 Fuel Truck

KRAYAN
TERNATE
MOUTONG GORONTALO
SINTANG
P. SAMBU
PONTIANAK SAMARINDA LABUHA
TT. TLK. DONGGALA
KABUNG BIAK
JAMBI RU-V
POSO
SORONG
MANOKWARI
KETAPANG PARIGI LUWUK

316 RTW
PKL.BALAM PLK.RAYA KOLONDALE SANANA TT. SERUI
SAMPIT WAY AME
KERTAPATI
T.PANDAN PARE - PARE BULA
L.Linggau
PALOPO BANGGAI JAYAPURA
BENGKULU Lahat PKL.BUN P. PISANG NAMLEA
UP. III - PLAJU NABIRE
KENDARI
KETERANGAN BANJARMASIN
MASOHI Puncak jaya
FAK - FAK
Baturaja

KOLEKA Jaya Wijaya

: JALUR SUPLAI EKS KILANG PANJANG

KOTA BARU RAHA Peg. Bintang

BAU -BAU
UJ. PANDANG
TUAL DOBO
: JALUR SUPLAI & DISTRIBUSI BBM UP.VI
IJG
TG. GEREM SEMARANG
CAMPLONG

: JALUR PIPA ISG

TG.WANGI MERAUKE
UP. IV REWULU MAUMERE
KALABAHI
: TERMINAL BBM BADAS REO
SAUMLAKI
AMPENAN L. TUKA
BIMA ENDE RDTL
MANGGIS
ATAPUPU
WAINGAPU

KUPANG
 FAME Supply Point
MO Region I :
1. TBBM Medan Group
2. TBBM Dumai
3. TBBM Sei Siak
4. TBBM Kabil
5. TBBM Tg Uban
6. TBBM Tembilahan
7. TBBM Kisaran
8. TBBM Siantar
9. TBBM Lhok Seumawe
10. TBBM Sibolga
11. TBBM Meulaboh
12. TBBM Krueng Raya
13. TBBM Sabang
14. TBBM Sitoli
15. TBBM Simelue
16. TBBM Kijang
MO Region II :
1. TBBM Kertapati
2. TBBM Pangkal Balam
3. Jobber Tg Pandan
4. TBBM Panjang
5. TBBM Jambi
6. TBBM Teluk Kabung
7. TBBM Baturaja
8. TBBM Lahat
9. TBBM Lubuk Linggau
10. TBBM P. Baai
MO Region III :
1. TBBM Tg Gerem
2. TBBM Jakarta Group
3. TBBM Cikampek
4. TBBM Ujung Berung
5. TBBM Tasikmalaya
6. TBBM Balongan
7. TBBM Padalarang
MO Region VII :
MO Region VIII :
1. TBBM Wayame
1.TBBM Makassar 2. TBBM Sorong
MO Region VI : 2.TBBM Bau-bau
3. TBBM Biak
1.TBBM Pontianak 3.TBBM Donggala
2.TBBM Sanggau 4.TBBM Bitung 4. TBBM Kaimana
3.TBBM Banjarmasin 5.TBBM Kolonedale 5. TBBM Manokwari
4.TBBM Samarinda 6.TBBM Luwuk 6. TBBM Nabire
5.TBBM Balikpapan 7.TBBM Moutong 7. TBBM Serui
6.TBBM Tarakan 8.TBBM Palopo 8. TBBM Fak-Fak
7.TBBM Pangkalan Bun 9.TBBM Poso
9. TBBM Merauke
8.TBBM Pulang Pisau 10.TBBM Raha
9.TBBM Sampit 11.TBBM Pare-Pare 10. TBBM Jayapura
10. Jobber Berau 12.TBBM Kolaka 11. TBBM Ternate
11.TBBM Kotabaru 13.TBBM Banggai 12. TBBM Tobelo
14.TBBM Kendari 13. TBBM Tual
15.TBBM Gorontalo 14. TBBM Dobo
16.TBBM Toli-toli
15. TBBM Bula
17.TBBM Tahuna
PONTIANAK
16. TBBM Labuha
17. TBBM Namlea
18. TBBM Saumlaki
19. TBBM Sanana
20. TBBM Masohi
MO Region V : 21. Jobber Timika
1. TBBM Camplong
2. TBBM Malang
3. TBBM Madiun
4. TBBM Surabaya Group
5. TBBM Tanjung Wangi
6. TBBM Manggis
7. TBBM Tenau
8. TBBM Tuban
9.. TBBM Sanggaran
10. TBBM Ampenan
MO Region IV :
11. TBBM Badas
1. TBBM Tegal
12. TBBM Bima
2. TBBM Pengapon
13. TBBM Reo
3. TBBM Rewulu
14. TBBM Maumere
4. TBBM Boyolali
15. TBBM Ende
5. TBBM Maos
16. TBBM Waingapu
6. TBBM Cepu
17. TBBM Atapupu
7. TBBM Cilacap
18. TBBM Kalabahi
Proses Blending BIODIESEL

SUPPLY STORAGE

CUSTOMER

HSD

Palm oil
Company

FAME
Blending BXX

1. In-Line
2. In-Tank
Biodiesel Characteristic

1. Oxidation Stability
Biodiesel can oxidize during storage and handling, leading to
formation with peroxides, acids, gums and deposits. The
minimum oxidation stability requirement is intended to ensure
the storage stability of B100 and biodiesel blends.

2. Material Compatibility
Components made of cooper alloys such as brass and bronze,
lead, tin and zinc in test indicates potential compatibility
problems if material used for tank or fuel system and lines.
Biodiesel Characteristic
3. Solvency/Cleaning Effect
Biodiesel is excellent solvent for cleaning any hydrocarbon
deposits that may have formed in the fuel system

4. Microbial growth
Certain bacteria and fungi are
present in biodiesel fuel tanks.
These “bugs” which feed on
hydrocarbons, if left unchecked
can contribute to filter plugging
and corrosion as well as other
operational problem
Biodiesel Characteristic
5. Low Energy Content

Jenis BBM Kcal/Kg Persentase

Diesel 10,797 -
Biodiesel (B20) 10,317 - 4,4%
Biodiesel (B30) 10,274 - 4,8%
Biodiesel (B100) 8,895 - 17,6 %

The inherent energy content of the fuel is the largest factor

affecting the fuel economy, torque and horse power delivered
by the fuel.
Fuel Contamination

Contaminant is the presence of unwanted

constituent, contaminant or impurity in a
material
Inspection
Inspection will determine the sources of fuel contaminant
that be found in element filter or Strainer
Inspection

Free Water
Inspection

Microbial Growth

Source : www.conidia.com
Water Content

The water content in fuels can be classified

as free water and soluble water. Water
solubility depends on the temperature and
also on the composition of the fuel.
However, the hygroscopic nature of
biodiesel can lead to an increase of soluble
water content during production and
storage. During biodiesel production, water
is used to remove catalyst, soap and traces
of glycerol.
Water Prevention

Routine check free water and drain if excessive

Outlet

Drain

Drain Tank
Water Prevention

• Fill up fuel tank every end of

work shift
• Drain tank every morning or
every work shift begin

• Desiccant filter on breathing vent

will reduce condensation in tank
Filtration System
Filtration can be found in industrial likes ; Hospitals, factories and
shopping malls. These filters are selected specific to the
application filter to clean water, air, human blood, fuels, oil,
chemicals, gases and event inside refrigerators. In some
application is very fine filter is used.

For the fuel filters, there are three major items

of interest concerning filters :

1. Dirt holding capacity (Kapasitas Masimal Filter)

2. Filter ratings (Ukuran pori dari filter)

3. Beta ratio (menunjukan effisiensi filtrasi)

Filtration System

Filter performance

22/19/17 18/16/13

100 particles in / 2 particles out = Beta Ratio 50

Filtration System
Fuel System Schematic
Biodiesel Fuel Effect Analysis
Cleanliness measured ISO : 4406
ISO 4406 Chart
Range Number of Particle (ml) Human Hair
Number More than Up to and including (80 microns)
24 80,000 160,000
23 40,000 80,000
High Efficiency Filter
22 20,000 40,000
(2 microns)
21 10,000 20,000 Damage Fuel System
20 5,000 10,000 (5-10 microns)
19 2,500 5,000 Standard Filtration
18 1,300 2,500 (15 microns)
17 640 1,300
16 320 640
15 150 320
14 80 150 ISO Code 18 16 13
13 40 80 Particles > 4 Microns
12 20 40
Particles > 6 Microns
11 10 20
Particles > 14 Microns
10 5 10
9 2.5 5.0 Actual Particle Count
Range Numb Micron
8 1.3 2.5 Range (per ml)
7 0.6 1.3 18 4+ 1300 - 2500
6 0.3 0.6 16 6+ 320 - 640
13 14+ 40 - 80
Filtration System

Bulk Filtration Unit

Typical Features:
700-lpm capacity
150-psi max pressure
4-micron, beta 200 particulate
filters with plugged indicators
Water coalescer system
Automatic water drain
Automatic slug control
 Thank You

INDUSTRIAL FUEL MARKETING

PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO)
JL. MEDAN MERDEKA TIMUR 1A JAKARTA