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Figure 2. Separation operations in relation to pressure.
Figure 3. Relations between null stress volume fraction of solid and particle size, shape and degree o
Particle size, size distribution, shape and degree of flocculation determine the solids packing density
mixtures, and hence the compressibility of the mixture. This is shown schematically in Figure 3
about 20 μm form beds which are essentially incompressible, the solidosity of which depends primar
shape. Irregular particles form beds with larger porosities than those associated with spheres. Filte
diatomaceous earths and expanded perlite are so irregular that they form beds whose solidosities range
even though the primary particle sizes may be below 10 μm.
Stresses developed in the matrix of large particles during separation processes do not generally r
magnitude to disturb the structure.
As the characteristic dimension of the particle decreases, the effects ofinterparticle forces increa
gravitational force. When aീ�ractive London‑van der Waals forces predominate in comparison with el
gravitational forces, the particles tend to form aggregates. As the number of particles grows in an agg
polymer‑flocculated system) in suspension, internal porosity of the overall suspension increases. Alth
porous floc is distorted upon deposition, the unstressed solidosity of the cake or sediment may be as low
right‑hand side of Figure 3, beds formed from large particles are incompressible and have a pa
dependent on particle shape. On the left of the diagram, the solids volume fraction depends mainly on
aggregation (or the state of dispersion) of the suspension.
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