Chapter. Higrothermal Calculation of The Building

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Diploma project: Residential building 2B+GF+8F+1WF
Chapter. Higrothermal calculation of the building
I. Technical report. Architectural and functionality description of the building
Residential building with the height regime 2B+GF+8F+1F(withdrawn floor), located in

Timișoara, IInd climatic zone acctording to C107/3-2016. Importance class of the building III.
The structure is based on frame model, with reinforced concrete elements. The closing of
the basement is done by diaphragm walls of 30cm thickness. At the suprastructure, the closing
of the ground floor is done by curtain wall WICTEC EL60 and the closing of the current floors
is done by masonry walls of thickness 25cm without termoinsulation.
The facilities for the ground floor are intended for commercial places with bathrooms, and
the 9 floors are intended for people accomodations: appartments.
Functionalities of the building and the convetional interior temperatures according to
SR1907/2
-Bedrooms: 20 ° C-Total number of bedrooms on th entire building:167
-Bathrooms 22 ° C-Total number of bathrooms on th entire building:134
-Living room 20 ° C-Total number of living rooms on th entire building:106
-Kitchen 18 ° C-Total number of kitchen on th entire building:106
-Hall in the apartments 18 ° C
-Hallway and staircase 16 ° C
-Unheated basement (parking lot) 5 ° C-Total number of basements: 2
-Public bathrooms 22 ° C-Total number: 6
-Shopping stores 18 ° C-Total number: 6
-Technical rooms18 ° C-Total number: 8
Reference norms:
a)C107/1-2005 Normativ privind calculul coeficienților globali de izolare termică la clădiri
rezidențiale
b)C107/3-2005 Normativ privind calculul termotehnic al elementelor de construcție ale
clădirilor
c)C107/5-2005 Normativ privind calculul termotehnic al elementelor de construție în contact
cu solul
d)Ordin 2641/2014 Norme privind calculul performanței energetice al cladirilor
e)SR 1907-1 Instalații de încălzire. Necesarul de căldură de calcul
f)Construcții civile-Horia Andreica, Munteanu C, Moga L. UTPRESS 2009
Degree of refuge according to Annex 1 - C107/1-2005 (grad de adapostire)

~Moderate refuge - building in the city, with minimum 3 other buildings in the surrounding
Location: Timișoara IInd climatic zone θe ≔ −15 deg
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II. The Reference building
II.1. Residential building
Location: Timișoara IInd climatic zone θe ≔ −15 deg
2.1 Calculation of the geometrical characteristics of the building
#Aria of the building envelope
Abasem.walls ≔ 321.75 m 2 ~Area of the basement walls that devide the heated space from
the unheated space (the walls from the staircase)
Aslab.on.ground ≔ 135.32 m 2 ~Area of the slab on the ground (slab from the staircase)
Aslab.over.basem ≔ 1443.06 m 2 ~Area of the slab over the basement
Aterrace.roof ≔ 850.93 m 2 ~Area of the terrace roof slab
Acurtain.walls ≔ 1004 m 2 ~Area of the curtain walls
Awindows ≔ 2319.33 m 2 ~Area of the total glass surface from exterior door and windows
Aext.walls ≔ 3694.27 m 2 ~Area of the opaque surface ofthe exterior walls

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Aslab.air.1 ≔ 74.88 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 3
Aslab.air.3 ≔ 154 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 7
Aslab.air ≔ Aslab.air.1 + Aslab.air.2 + Aslab.air.3 + Aslab.air.4 = 610.86 m 2
A1 ≔ Abasem.walls + Aslab.on.ground + Aslab.over.basem + Aterrace.roof = ⎛⎝2.751 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2
A2 ≔ Acurtain.walls + Awindows + Aext.walls + Aslab.air = ⎛⎝7.628 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2
AB.E ≔ A1 + A2 = ⎛⎝1.038 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2
AB.E = ⎛⎝1.038 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~Area of the building envelope
#Volume of the building envelope
H1 ≔ 6.00 m ~Height of the 2 basements
H2 ≔ 4.5 m ~Height of the ground floor
H3 ≔ 3.00 m ~Height of the current floor
H4 ≔ 3.90 m ~Height of the withdrawn floor 9thF
HT ≔ 32.60 ~Height of the building from +-0.00 level till the inferior part of the terrace floor
AGF ≔ 1443.06 m 2 Aetj5.6 ≔ 1448 m 2
Aetj1 ≔ 1568.80 m 2 Aetj7.8 ≔ 1267 m 2
Aetj2 ≔ 1614.30 m 2 Aetj9.retras ≔ 870.82 m 2
Aetj3.4 ≔ 1531.15 m 2
V1 ≔ Aslab.on.ground ⋅ H1 + AGF ⋅ H2 = ⎛⎝7.306 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 3
V2 ≔ H3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Aetj1 + Aetj2 + Aetj3.4 ⋅ 2 + Aetj5.6 ⋅ 2 + Aetj7.8 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + Aetj9.retras ⋅ ⎛⎝H4 − 0.25 m⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝3.82 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
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VB.E ≔ V1 + V2 = ⎛⎝4.551 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
Vheated ≔ VB.E = ⎛⎝4.551 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 ~Volume of the building envelope
#Useful area of the building
Au.B ≔ Aslab.over.basem = ⎛⎝1.443 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2
Au.GF ≔ 1405.97 m 2
Au.1.F ≔ 1199.982 m 2
Au.2.F ≔ 1225.632 m 2
Au.3.4.F ≔ 1151.012 m 2
Au.5.6.F ≔ 1079.492 m 2
Au.7.8.F ≔ 972.335 m 2
Au.9.F ≔ 801.97 m 2
Auseful ≔ Au.GF + Au.1.F + Au.2.F + Au.3.4.F ⋅ 2 + Au.5.6.F ⋅ 2 + Au.7.8.F ⋅ 2 + Au.9.F + Au.B
Auseful = ⎛⎝1.248 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~Useful area of the building
#Useful volume of the building
hu.B ≔ 2.75 m hu.GF ≔ 4.25 m hu.CF ≔ 2.75 m hu.F9 ≔ 3.65 m
hbasem ≔ 3.00 m hGF ≔ 4.5 m hCF ≔ 3 m hF9 ≔ 3.90 m
hu ≔ hu.B ⋅ 2 + hu.GF + hu.CF ⋅ 8 + hu.F9 = 35.4 m
HT ≔ hbasem ⋅ 2 + hGF + hCF ⋅ 9 + hF9 = 41.4 m
hu < H T = 1
Vu.1 ≔ Au.B ⋅ hu.B + Au.GF ⋅ hu.GF = ⎛⎝9.944 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 3
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Vu.2 ≔ ⎛⎝Au.1.F + Au.2.F + Au.3.4.F ⋅ 2 + Au.5.6.F ⋅ 2 + Au.7.8.F ⋅ 2⎞⎠ ⋅ hu.CF + Au.9.F ⋅ hu.F9 = ⎛⎝2.721 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
Vuseful ≔ Vu.1 + Vu.2 = ⎛⎝3.716 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3
Vuseful = ⎛⎝3.716 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 ~Useful volume of the building
Verification!!! Vuseful < Vheated = 1 it cheks
2.2 Calculation of the global insulation coefficient
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
ΣLj ⋅ Zj W
G ＝ ――― + 0.34 ⋅ n ――― ~global insulation coefficient
V m3 ⋅ K
0.34 ⋅ n ~heat looses through natural ventilation
n ≔ 0.5 h −1 ~min no. of air changes per hour in order to refresh the interior air of the
building
Aj W
Lj ＝ ―― ― ~thermal coupling coefficient
R'j K
W
0.34 ⋅ n −―――
m3 ⋅ K
~Computing the exterior temperature correction cofficient for the horizontal elements
separating a heated space from the exterior medium
Slab over unheated basement
Aslab.over.basem ≔ 1443.06 m 2 ~area of the slab over unheated basement
A16 ≔ 79.10 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 158.2 m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space with 16 degrees
temperature
A18 ≔ 438.96 ⋅ 2 m 2 + 318.10 m 2 = ⎛⎝1.196 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space

with 18 degrees temperature
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A22 ≔ 32.40 m 2 + 31.28 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 94.96 m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space with 22 degrees
temperature
A16 ⋅ 16 deg + A18 ⋅ 18 deg + A22 ⋅ 22 deg

θi.av.SB ≔ ――――――――――――― = 18.12 deg
Aslab.over.basem
θu ≔ 5 deg temperature in the basement (parking space)
θi.av.SB − θu
τj.SB ≔ ―――― = 0.375
θi − θe
Slab on the ground
Aslab.on.ground = 135.32 m 2 ~slab on the ground due to the heated staircases
θp ≔ 10 deg temperature of the terrain in Timisoara
Aslab.on.ground ⋅ 16 deg
θi.av.ground ≔ ――――――― = 16 deg
Aslab.on.ground
θi.av.ground − θp
τj.ground ≔ ――――― = 0.171
θi − θe
Terraces over heated places with predominant 20deg
Aslab.air = 610.86 m 2 ~slab from balconies over heated places
AT.etj3.20 ≔ Aslab.air.1 = 74.88 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 2 with temperature 20deg
AT.etj5.20 ≔ Aslab.air.2 = 74.88 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 4 with temperature 20deg
AT.etj7.21 ≔ Aslab.air.3 = 154 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 6 with predominat
temperature 21deg
AT.etj9.20.3 ≔ Aslab.air.4 = 307.1 m 2 ~slab from balconies over floor 8 with predominat
temperature 20.33deg
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
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AT.etj3.20 ⋅ 20 deg + AT.etj5.20 ⋅ 20 deg + AT.etj7.21 ⋅ 21 deg + AT.etj9.20.3 ⋅ 20.3 deg

θi.av.ter ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――― = 20.403 deg
Aslab.air
θi.av.ter − θe
τj.ter ≔ ―――― = 1.012
θi − θe
Terrace slab
Aterrace.roof1 ≔ 728.87 m 2 ~terrace slab 18deg
Aterrace.roof2 ≔ 61.03 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 122.06 m 2 ~terrace slab 16deg
Aterrace ≔ Aterrace.roof1 + Aterrace.roof2 = 850.93 m 2
Aterrace.roof1 ⋅ 18 deg + Aterrace.roof2 ⋅ 16 deg

θi.av.terrace.roof ≔ ―――――――――――――= 17.713 deg
Aterrace
θi.av.terrace.roof − θe
τj.terrace.roof ≔ ―――――― = 0.935
θi − θe
~Computing the exterior temperature correction cofficient for the vertical elements
separating a heated space from the exterior medium
Walls from basement (separating the staircase from the unheated space)
Abasem.walls = 321.75 m 2 ~Area of the basement walls that devide the heated space from the
unheated space (the walls from the staircase)
θb ≔ 5 deg temperature in the basement (parking lot)
θi ≔ 16 deg
Abasem.walls ⋅ 16 deg
θi.av.WB ≔ ――――――= 16 deg
Abasem.walls
θi.av.WB − θb
τj.WB ≔ ――――= 0.355
θi − θe
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Facade NE
Ground floor
Ag ≔ ((17.10 ⋅ 2 m + 23.10 m)) ⋅ 4.5 m = 257.85 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces

separating the spaces with 18deg
First floor
A ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.50 ⋅ 2 + 1.90 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 4 + 1.65 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 + 0.80 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 + 0.60))
A1 ≔ A + 0.65 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 6 + 1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2)) = 61.245
A1 = 61.245 A1 ≔ 61.245 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.55 + 3.05 ⋅ 2 + 0.975 ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.85 + 0.70)) m 2 + 0.65 ⋅ ((2.10 ⋅ 4 + 2.70 ⋅ 2)) m 2
A2 = 42.933 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A3 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 6 + 1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2)) = 35.28
A3 ≔ 35.28 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((2.10 ⋅ 4 + 2.70 ⋅ 2)) = 28.98
A4 ≔ 28.98 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
2nd+3rd+4th+5th+6th floor
A'1 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.50 ⋅ 2 + 1.40 ⋅ 2 + 3.40 ⋅ 2 + 0.80 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2)) + 0.65 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 6 = 61.79
A'1 = 61.79 A'1 ≔ 61.79 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.80 ⋅ 2 + 3.05 ⋅ 2 + 0.975 ⋅ 2 + 3.45)) m 2 + 4 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 0.65 m 2 = 41.485 m 2
A'2 = 41.485 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 6 + 1.10 ⋅ 2.75 ⋅ 4 + 2.30 ⋅ 2.75 ⋅ 4 = 57.56
A'3 ≔ 57.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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A'4 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 4 + 2.80 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2.75 + 1.10 ⋅ 2.75 ⋅ 2 = 39.09
A'4 ≔ 39.09 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
7th+8th floor
A''1' ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.50 + 1.90 + 0.95 ⋅ 4 + 1.65 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 2.50)) m 2
A''1 ≔ A''1' + ((1.60 ⋅ 5 + 1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 0.65 m 2 = 63.23 m 2
A''1 = 63.23 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.55 + 3 ⋅ 2 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 3.45 + 0.70)) + 2.10 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4 = 40.385
A''2 ≔ 40.385 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 5 + 1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2)) = 31.92
A''3 ≔ 31.92 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((2.10 ⋅ 4 + 1.50 ⋅ 2 + 2.80 ⋅ 2)) = 35.7
A''4 ≔ 35.7 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A'''1' ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.90 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2 + 1.65 ⋅ 2 + 1.30 ⋅ 2 + 3.05 ⋅ 2 + 1.925 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1.25 ⋅ 2 + 3.45)) m 2
A'''1 ≔ A'''1' + ((1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2 + 2.10 ⋅ 4 + 1.60 ⋅ 4 + 2.20 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 0.65 m 2 = 95.26 m 2
A'''1 = 95.26 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'''2 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.40 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2 + 2.10 ⋅ 4 + 1.60 ⋅ 4 + 2.20 ⋅ 2)) = 55.44
A'''2 ≔ 55.44 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
ΣAw ≔ A1 + A2 + A'1 ⋅ 5 + A'2 ⋅ 5 + A''1 ⋅ 2 + A''2 ⋅ 2 + A'''1 = 923.043 m 2 ~for walls
θi.av ~average interior temperature with which the building envelope component is in direct
contact
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A1 + A'1 ⋅ 5 + A''1 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A2 + A'2 ⋅ 5 + A''2 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 18 deg ⋅ A'''1
θi.av.w.NE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw
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θi.av.w.NE = 19.435 deg ~for walls
ΣAgl.NE ≔ A3 + A4 + A'3 ⋅ 5 + A'4 ⋅ 5 + A''3 ⋅ 2 + A''4 ⋅ 2 + A'''2 = 738.19 m 2 ~for glazing surfaces
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A3 + A'3 ⋅ 5 + A''3 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A4 + A'4 ⋅ 5 + A''4 ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 18 deg ⋅ A'''2
θi.av.gl.NE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAgl.NE
θi.av.gl.NE = 19.449 deg ~for glazing surfaces
θe ≔ −15 deg
θi ≔ 20 deg
θi.av.w.NE − θe
τj.w.NE ≔ ――――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.NE = 0.984 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.NE − θe
τj.gl.NE ≔ ―――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.NE = 0.984 ~for glazing surfaces
Facade SV
Ground floor
Ag.SV ≔ 4.5 m ⋅ ((16.40 ⋅ 2 + 23.10)) m = 251.55 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating
the spaces with 18deg
First floor
A1.SV ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 16.20 − 1.60 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2.10)) ⋅ 2 + ((0.60 ⋅ 4 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2.75 + 1.60 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.65
A1.SV = 89.795
A1.SV ≔ 89.795 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 4 + 1.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.70 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 29.478
A2.SV ≔ 29.478 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
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A3.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 42
A3.SV ≔ 42 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.70 ⋅ 2)) = 20.16
A4.SV ≔ 20.16 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
2nd floor
A'1.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.55 ⋅ 2 + 1.50)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 8 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4
A'1.SV = 78.175
A'1.SV ≔ 78.175 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 2 + 3.45 + 0.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 = 28.58
A'2.SV ≔ 28. m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 42
A'3.SV ≔ 42 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.80 ⋅ 2)) = 30.27
A'4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
3rd+4th floor
A''1.SV ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.95 ⋅ 2 + 2.70)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + ((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) ⋅ 0.65)) m 2
a ≔ A''1.SV + 2 ⋅ 0.60 ⋅ 1.50 m 2 = 84.735 m 2
A''1.SV ≔ a = 84.735 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 2 + 3.45 + 0.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 = 28.58
A''2.SV ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) + 0.60 ⋅ 1.25 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 = 31.56
A''3.SV ≔ 31.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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A'' 2 10 2 10 2 2 75 (1 10 2 2 80 2) 30 27
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A''4.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.80 ⋅ 2)) = 30.27
A''4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
5th+6th floor
ASV5.6 ≔ 2.70 ⋅ 2.75 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 14.85 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 22deg
A1.SV5.6 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((((1.60 ⋅ 2 + 2.95 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2 + 0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) + 0.65 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 4 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 70.165
A1.SV5.6 ≔ 70.165 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SV5.6 ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 2 + 3.45 + 0.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 = 28.58
A2.SV5.6 ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
ASV5.6.g ≔ 2 ⋅ 0.60 ⋅ 1.25 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 3 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 22deg
A3.SV5.6 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 28.56
A3.SV5.6 ≔ 28.56 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SV5.6 ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.80 ⋅ 2)) = 30.27
A4.SV5.6 ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
7th+8th floor
A'''1.SV' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 3 + 1.20 + 1.275 + 1.90 + 1.85 + 3.30 + 2.55)) + ((0.60 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 2.75)) m 2
A'''1.SV ≔ A'''1.SV' + ((1.60 ⋅ 4 + 0.60 + 1.40 ⋅ 2)) ⋅ 0.65 m 2 = 64.051 m 2
A'''1.SV = 64.051 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 2 + 3.45 + 0.85)) + 0.65 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 = 28.58
A'''2.SV ≔ 28.58 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'''SV ≔ ((2.45 + 0.80)) ⋅ 2.75 m 2 = 8.938 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 22deg
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A'''SV.gl ≔ 0.60 ⋅ 1.25 m 2 = 0.75 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 22deg
A'''3.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 ⋅ 4 + 1.40 ⋅ 2)) = 19.32
A'''3.SV ≔ 19.32 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 ⋅ 2 + 2.80 ⋅ 2)) = 30.27
A'''4.SV ≔ 30.27 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A''''1.SV ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((8.55 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 2 + 1.35 ⋅ 2 + 1.45 ⋅ 2 + 1.55 ⋅ 2 + 3.30)) m 2
b ≔ A''''1.SV + ((2.10 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4)) m 2 = 109.035 m 2
A''''1.SV ≔ b = 109.035 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.SV ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.20 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 1.20 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 2.10 ⋅ 4 = 24.48
A'g.SV ≔ 24.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
contact
ΣAw.SV ≔ A1.SV + A2.SV + A'1.SV + A'2.SV + ⎛⎝A''1.SV + A''2.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ASV5.6 ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A1.SV5.6 + A2.SV5.6⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
ΣAw.SV = 679.268 m 2 679.268 m 2 + ⎛⎝A'''1.SV + A'''2.SV⎞⎠ + A''''1.SV = 880.934 m 2
ΣAw.SV ≔ 880.934 m 2 ~for walls
A19.w.SV ≔ A2.SV + A'2.SV + A''2.SV ⋅ 2 + A2.SV5.6 ⋅ 2 + A'''2.SV ⋅ 2 = 228.958 m 2
A20.w.SV ≔ A1.SV + A'1.SV + A''1.SV ⋅ 2 + A1.SV5.6 ⋅ 2 + A'''1.SV ⋅ 2 = 605.873 m 2
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A20.w.SV⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ A19.w.SV + 18 deg ⋅ A''''1.SV + 22 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝ASV5.6.g⎞⎠

θi.av.w.SV ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw.SV
θi.av.w.SV = 20.996 deg ~for walls
ΣAgl.SV' ≔ A3.SV + A4.SV + A'3.SV + A'4.SV + A''3.SV ⋅ 2 + A''4.SV ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A3.SV5.6 + A4.SV5.6⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
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ΣAgl.SV' = 375.75 m 2 613.538 m 2 + ASV5.6.g + A'g.SV + ⎛⎝A'''3.SV + A'''4.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 = 740.198 m 2
ΣAgl.SV ≔ 740.198 m 2 ~for glazing surfaces
A19 ≔ A4.SV + A'4.SV + A''4.SV ⋅ 2 + A4.SV5.6 ⋅ 2 + A'''4.SV ⋅ 2 = 232.05 m 2
A20 ≔ A3.SV + A'3.SV + A''3.SV ⋅ 2 + A3.SV5.6 ⋅ 2 + A'''3.SV ⋅ 2 = 242.88 m 2
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A20⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ A19 + 18 deg ⋅ A'g.SV + 22 deg ⋅ ASV5.6

θi.av.gl.SV ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――
ΣAgl.SV
θi.av.gl.SV = 13.556 deg ~for glazing surfaces
θi.av.w.SV − θe
τj.w.SV ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.SV = 1.028 ~for walls

θi.av.gl.SV − θe
τj.gl.SV ≔ ―――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.SV = 0.816 ~for glazing surfaces
Facade SE and NV (the same)
Ground floor
Ag.SE ≔ 4.5 m ⋅ 36 m = 162 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces
with 18deg
1st+2nd floor
A1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((3.60 + 0.65 + 2 + 0.80 + 1.70 + 3.80)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 = 41.473
A1.SE ≔ 41.473 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.90 + 1 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 1.10 + 0.95 + 1.60)) + 1.80 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.65 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 32.808
A2.SE ≔ 32.808 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A3.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 3 = 10.08
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A3.SE ≔ 10.08 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((0.80 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 4)) = 18.48
A4.SE ≔ 18.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
3rd+4th floor
A'1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 1.50 + 0.80 + 2 + 0.80 + 3.60)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 = 32.87
A'1.SE ≔ 32.87 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 + 0.90 ⋅ 2 + 1)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 = 32.258
A'2.SE ≔ 32.258 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'3.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 3 = 10.08
A'3.SE ≔ 10.08 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 2)) = 18.48
A'4.SE ≔ 18.48 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
5th+6th floor
A''1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.70 + 0.70 + 0.80 + 2 + 0.80 + 3.60)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 32.84
A''1.SE ≔ 32.84 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 2 + 0.95 ⋅ 2 + 0.90)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 4 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 27.063
A''2.SE ≔ 27.063 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A''3.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 0.80 + 1.60 ⋅ 1.25 ⋅ 2 = 5.68
A''3.SE ≔ 5.68 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 4 + 0.80)) = 16.8
A''4.SE ≔ 16.8 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
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7th+8th floor
A'''1.SE ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 2.15 + 1.45 + 0.70 + 1 + 4)) + 1.60 ⋅ 1.85 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65)) ⋅ m 2
A'''1.SE = 35.69 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 2 + 0.75 ⋅ 4 + 3.40 .30 + 2 + 1 + 1.10 + 0.50)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 3 + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 37.635
A'''2.SE ≔ 37.635 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A'''3.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.80 ⋅ 3 = 11.34
A'''3.SE ≔ 11.34 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 + 0.80)) + 1.25 ⋅ 1.60 ⋅ 2 = 9.46
A'''4.SE ≔ 9.46 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
9th floor
A''''1.SE ≔ 2.75 ⋅ 22.40 m 2 − 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 3 + 1.60 ⋅ 2)) m 2
A''''1.SE = 43.54 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.SE ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 ⋅ 3 + 1.60 ⋅ 2)) = 18.06
A'g.SE ≔ 18.06 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
contact
ΣAw.SE ≔ A1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'1.SE ⋅ 2 + A''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A2.SE ⋅ 2 + A'2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''''1.SE
ΣAw.SE = 588.814 m 2 ~for walls
A19.w.SE ≔ A2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A''2.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''2.SE ⋅ 2 = 249.138 m 2
20 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'1.SE ⋅ 2 + A''1.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''1.SE ⋅ 2⎞⎠ + 19 deg ⋅ A19.w.SE + 18 deg ⋅ A''''1.SE
θi.av.w.SE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw.SE
θi.av.w.SE = 19.076 deg ~for walls
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ΣAgl.SE ≔ A3.SE ⋅ 2 + A4.SE ⋅ 2 + A'3.SE ⋅ 2 + A'4.SE ⋅ 2 + A''3.SE ⋅ 2 + A''4.SE ⋅ 2
c ≔ ΣAgl.SE + A'''3.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''4.SE ⋅ 2 + A'g.SE = 218.86 m 2
ΣAgl.SE ≔ c = 218.86 m 2 ~for glazing surfaces
A19.deg.SE ≔ A4.SE ⋅ 2 + A'4.SE ⋅ 2 + A''4.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''4.SE ⋅ 2 = 126.44 m 2
A20.deg.SE ≔ A3.SE ⋅ 2 + A'3.SE ⋅ 2 + A''3.SE ⋅ 2 + A'''3.SE ⋅ 2 = 74.36 m 2

20 deg ⋅ A20.deg.SE + 19 deg ⋅ A19.deg.SE + 18 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A'g.SE⎞⎠
θi.av.gl.SE ≔ ―――――――――――――――――
ΣAgl.SE
θi.av.gl.SE = 19.257 deg ~for glazing surfaces
θi.av.w.SE − θe
τj.w.SE ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.SE = 0.974 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.SE − θe
τj.gl.SE ≔ ―――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.SE = 0.979 ~for glazing surfaces
Interior Facade 1 SE si 2 NV
Ground floor
Ab.IF ≔ 15.90 m ⋅ 4.25 m = 67.575 m 2 ~area of the wall surfaces separating the spaces with
18deg
Ag.IF ≔ ((13 + 3.15 + 2.8)) ⋅ m ⋅ 4.5 m = 85.275 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces
separating the spaces with 18deg
1st+2nd floor
A1.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((3.80 + 1.50)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 15.615
A1.IF ≔ 15.615 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.20 + 1.60 + 2.35 + 0.95 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 ⋅ 2 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 19.888
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A 19 888 f th t i ll ti th2
ith 19d
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A2.IF ≔ 19.888 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces
with 16deg
A3.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 = 3.36
A3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A4.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((0.80 ⋅ 2 + 1.60 + 1.80)) = 10.5
A4.IF ≔ 10.5 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
3rd+4th floor
A'1.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 1.70)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 8.74
A'1.IF ≔ 8.74 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.60 + 2.35 + 0.90 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 18.68
A'2.IF ≔ 18.68 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
A2.IF' ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ 0.85 + 2.15 ⋅ 1.00)) m 2 = 4.488 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the
spaces with 16deg
A'3.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 = 3.36
A'3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'4.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((0.80 ⋅ 2 + 1.60 + 1.80)) = 10.5
A'4.IF ≔ 10.5 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
A4.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 m 2 = 0.6 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
5th+6th floor
A''1.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((1.75 + 0.70)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 7.258
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A''1.IF ≔ 7.258 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A''2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.85 + 2.35 + 0.95 + 0.95)) + 0.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65 = 16.755
A''2.IF ≔ 16.755 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
with 16deg
A''3.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 0.80 = 1.68
A''3.IF ≔ 1.68 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A''4.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.60 + 1.80 + 0.80)) = 8.82
A''4.IF ≔ 8.82 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
7th+8th floor
A'''1.IF ≔ ((2.75 ⋅ ((1.10 + 1.50)) + 1.60 ⋅ 0.65)) m 2
A'''1.IF = 8.19 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''2.IF ≔ 2.75 ⋅ ((0.90 + 0.95 + 0.95)) + 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 = 8.87
A'''2.IF ≔ 8.87 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 19deg
with 16deg
A'''3.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.60 = 3.36
A'''3.IF ≔ 3.36 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 20deg
A'''4.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ ((1.80 + 0.80)) = 5.46
A'''4.IF ≔ 5.46 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 19deg
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9th floor
A''''1.IF ≔ 1.80 ⋅ 0.65 m 2 + ((1.80 + 2.35)) ⋅ 2.75 m 2
A''''1.IF = 12.583 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 18deg
A''''1.IF' ≔ ((((3.55 + 0.70 + 0.50)) ⋅ 2.75 + 2.15 ⋅ 1)) m 2
A''''1.IF' = 15.213 m 2 ~area of the exterior wall separating the spaces with 16deg
A'g.IF ≔ 2.10 ⋅ 1.80 = 3.78
A'g.IF ≔ 3.78 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 18deg
A'g.IF' ≔ 1.00 ⋅ 0.60 = 0.6
A'g.IF' ≔ 0.6 m 2 ~area of the glazing surfaces separating the spaces with 16deg
contact
ΣAw.IF ≔ A1.IF ⋅ 2 + A'1.IF ⋅ 2 + A''1.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''1.IF ⋅ 2 + A2.IF ⋅ 2 + A'2.IF ⋅ 2 + A''2.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''2.IF ⋅ 2
ΣAw.IF + A''''1.IF + A2.IF' ⋅ 9 + A''''1.IF' + A''''1.IF + Ab.IF = 356.332 m 2
ΣAw.IF ≔ 356.332 m 2 ~for walls
A20.w.IF ≔ A2.IF ⋅ 2 + A''2.IF ⋅ 2 + A''2.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''2.IF ⋅ 2 = 124.536 m 2
A22.w.IF ≔ A1.IF ⋅ 2 + A'1.IF ⋅ 2 + A''1.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''1.IF ⋅ 2 = 79.606 m 2
20 deg ⋅ A22.w.IF + 19 deg ⋅ A20.w.IF + 18 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝Ab.IF + A''''1.IF + A''''1.IF'⎞⎠ + 16 deg ⋅ A2.IF' ⋅ 9
θi.av.w.IF ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAw.IF
θi.av.w.IF = 17.74 deg ~for walls
ΣAgl.IF ≔ A3.IF ⋅ 2 + A4.IF ⋅ 2 + A'3.IF ⋅ 2 + A'4.IF ⋅ 2 + A''3.IF ⋅ 2 + A''4.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''3.IF ⋅ 2
ΣAgl.IF = 83.16 m 2 180.91 m 2 + A'''4.IF ⋅ 2 + A'g.IF + A4.IF' ⋅ 9 + A'g.IF' = 201.61 m 2
ΣAgl.IF ≔ 201.61 m 2 ~for glazing surfaces
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A20.deg.IF ≔ A4.IF ⋅ 2 + A'4.IF ⋅ 2 + A''4.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''4.IF ⋅ 2 = 70.56 m 2
A22.deg.IF ≔ A3.IF ⋅ 2 + A'3.IF ⋅ 2 + A''3.IF ⋅ 2 + A'''3.IF ⋅ 2 = 23.52 m 2
20 deg ⋅ A22.deg.IF + 19 deg ⋅ A20.deg.IF + 18 deg ⋅ ⎛⎝A'g.IF⎞⎠ + 16 deg ⋅ A4.IF' ⋅ 9

θi.av.gl.IF ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――
ΣAgl.IF
θi.av.gl.IF = 9.749 deg ~for glazing surfaces
θi.av.w.IF − θe
τj.w.IF ≔ ―――― ~the exterior temperature correction coefficient (adimensional)
θi − θe
τj.w.IF = 0.935 ~for walls
θi.av.gl.IF − θe
τj.gl.IF ≔ ――――
θi − θe
τj.gl.IF = 0.707 ~for glazing surfaces
~Calculating the thermal coupling coefficient for curtain walls
Ag = 257.85 m 2 θe ≔ −15 deg
Ag.SV = 251.55 m 2 θi ≔ 20 deg
Ag.SE = 162 m 2
Ag.IF = 85.275 m 2
Ag.NV ≔ Ag.SE = 162 m 2
Ag.IF = 85.275 m 2
ACW ≔ Ag + Ag.SV + Ag.SE + Ag.IF ⋅ 2 + Ag.NV = ⎛⎝1.004 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2
18 deg ⋅ ACW
θi.av.CW ≔ ――――― = 18 deg
ACW
θi.av.CW − θe
τj.CW ≔ ――――
θi − θe
τj.CW = 0.943 ~for glazing surfaces
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W
Σ ≔ 6518.04 ―
K
0.34 ⋅ n ~heat looses through natural ventilation
n ≔ 0.5 ~min no. of air changes per hour in order to refresh the interior air of the
building
Σ W W
G ≔ ――― + 0.34 ⋅ n ⋅ ―――
3
= 0.313 ――― ~global insulation coefficient
Vheated m ⋅K m3 ⋅ K
G < GN Verification
For choosing the value of the normalized coefficient GN according to the ratio between the
area of the building envelope and the heated volume, and the number of levels we have to
perform an interpolation:
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AB.E 1
――― = 0.228 ― Nl ≔ 10
Vheated m
W W
=> GN ≔ 0.3308 ――― G = 0.313 ―――
m3 ⋅ K m3 ⋅ K
!!!Verification G < GN = 1 it checks
2.3 Calculation of the annual heat demand for heating based on G coefficient
Q ＝ C ⋅ N12.θi ⋅ G − ⎛⎝Qi + Qs⎞⎠
C ≔ 0.86 correction factor choosen from C107/1-2005 for 1a
N12.20 ≔ 3180 K ⋅ day no. of the heated degree days for an interior temperature of 20deg and
exterior temp. of 12 deg C107/1-2010 table 7.1
D12 ≔ 190 day heating period during an entire year
θi the interior average temperature of the

building
Internal heat gain of the building for residential buildings
kW ⋅ hr
Qi ≔ 7 ――― per year
m3
Computation of the interior average temperature of the building
Vu.22 ≔ 2073 m 3 considerend with interior temperature θi =22deg
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Vu.18 ≔ 2640.12 m 3 considerend with interior temperature θi =18deg
Vu.16 ≔ Aslab.on.ground ⋅ H1 = 811.92 m 3 considerend with interior temperature θi =16deg
Vu.20 ≔ VB.E − Vu.22 − Vu.18 − Vu.16 = ⎛⎝3.999 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 considerend with interior temperature
θi =20deg
22 °C ⋅ Vu.22 + 20 °C ⋅ Vu.20 + 16 °C ⋅ Vu.16 + 18 °C ⋅ Vu.18

θi ≔ ――――――――――――――――― = 19.904 °C
VB.E
N12.θi ≔ N12.20 − ⎛⎝20 °C − θi⎞⎠ ⋅ D12 = ⎛⎝3.162 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ K ⋅ day
N12.θi = ⎛⎝3.162 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ K ⋅ day
Solar heat gain of the building

AFij
Qs ＝ 0.4 ⋅ ΣIGj ⋅ gi ⋅ ――
V
gi ≔ 0.50 penetration degree of the solar radiation through the glass of the window
IGj ＝ D12 ⋅ ITj global solar radiation,the direct and difuse component
ITj intensity of the total solar radiation for the vertical element on a j orientation for a
forizontal element of thebuilding (tab7.1 C107)
Agl.NE ≔ Ag + A3 + A4 + ⎛⎝A'3 + A'4⎞⎠ ⋅ 5 + ⎛⎝A''3 + A''4⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + A'''2 = 996.04 m 2
Agl.SV ≔ Ag.SV + A3.SV + A4.SV + A'3.SV + A'4.SV + ⎛⎝A''3.SV + A''4.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 4 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SV + A'''4.SV⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + A'g.SV
Agl.SV = 756.96 m 2
Agl.SE ≔ Ag.SE + ⎛⎝A3.SE + A4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝A'3.SE + A'4.SE⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝A''3.SE + A''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SE + A'''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
d ≔ Agl.SE + A'g.SE = 380.86 m 2
Agl.SE ≔ d = 380.86 m 2
Agl.NV ≔ Ag.SE + ⎛⎝A3.SE + A4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝A'3.SE + A'4.SE⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝A''3.SE + A''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + ⎛⎝A'''3.SE + A'''4.SE⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
e ≔ Agl.NV + A'g.SE = 380.86 m 2
Agl.NV ≔ e = 380.86 m 2
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A A A ⎛A A ⎞ 2 2 ⎛A' A' ⎞ ⎛A'' A'' ⎞ 2
Page 25 of 29
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Agl.IF ≔ Ab.IF + Ag.IF + ⎛⎝A3.IF + A4.IF⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝A'3.IF + A'4.IF⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝A''3.IF + A''4.IF⎞⎠ ⋅ 2
f ≔ Agl.IF + ⎛⎝A'''3.IF + A'''4.IF⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 + A'g.IF + A'g.IF' = 251.31 m 2
Agl.IF ≔ f = 251.31 m 2
Agl.SE.T ≔ Agl.SE + Agl.IF = 632.17 m 2
Agl.NV.T ≔ Agl.NV + Agl.IF = 632.17 m 2
AGL.T ≔ Agl.NV.T + Agl.SE.T + Agl.SV + Agl.NE = ⎛⎝3.017 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.NV ≔ 24.3 ―― IGj.NV ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.NV = 110.808 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.NE ≔ 24.3 ―― IGj.NE ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.NE = 110.808 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.SV ≔ 70.3 ―― IGj.SV ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.SV = 320.568 ――― per year
m2 m2
W kW ⋅ hr
ITJ.SE ≔ 70.3 ―― IGj.SE ≔ D12 ⋅ ITJ.SE = 320.568 ――― per year
m2 m2
1
Qs ≔ 0.4 ⋅ gi ⋅ ――― ⋅ D12 ⋅ ⎛⎝Agl.NV ⋅ ITJ.NV + Agl.NE ⋅ ITJ.NE + Agl.SV ⋅ ITJ.SV + Agl.SE ⋅ ITJ.SE⎞⎠
Vheated
kW ⋅ hr
Qs = 2.273 ――― per year
m3
kW ⋅ hr AB.E 1
Q ≔ C ⋅ N12.θi ⋅ G − ⎛⎝Qi + Qs⎞⎠ = 11.167 ――― per year ―― = 0.228 ―
m3 VB.E m
kW ⋅ hr
QN2 ≔ 15.7 ⋅ ――― per year; choosed based on the ratio A/V and the designed period of
m3 the building
!!!Verification Q < QN2 = 1 it checks
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Page 26 of 29
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2.4 Calculation of the heat demand based on the methodology Mc001/1-5
※ The heat demand calculations for heating (heat looses through transmittion)
A j ⋅ τj
Σ ――＝ Σ'
Rmj
W
Σ' ≔ 6518.04 ―
K
Qheating ≔ N12.θi ⋅ ((Σ')) = ⎛⎝4.946 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr per year
※ The heat demand calculations necessary for the natural ventilation of spaces (building
spaces)
1 W ⋅ hr
n ≔ 0.5 ⋅ ― 0.34 ⋅ ―――
hr m3 ⋅ K
W ⋅ hr
Qvent ≔ N12.θi ⋅ 0.34 ⋅ ―――
3
⋅ n ⋅ Vuseful = ⎛⎝4.793 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr per year
m ⋅K
Verification!!! Qheating > Qvent = 1 it checks
※ Interior heat gains

W
Qint ≔ 4 ―― for residential buildings
m2
Q ≔Q ⋅A
i int ⋅ D = ⎛⎝2.277 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr
useful 12 per year
※ Solar radiation gains
Qsolar ≔ Qs ⋅ VB.E = ⎛⎝1.035 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr per year
※ Specific energy consumption index
η ≔ 0.75
Qheating + Qvent Qi + Qsolar kW ⋅ hr
qheating ≔ ―――――+ ―――― = 130.56 ――― per year
η ⋅ Auseful Auseful m2
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Page 27 of 29
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2.5 Placing the specific energy consumption index on the energy scale for heating
Based on the value obtained at qheating we will define the energy class for heating of the
building.
kW ⋅ hr
qheating = 130.56 ―――
m2
=> B evergy class for heating
2.6 CO2 annual emission calculation
2.6.1 Calculation of the annual quantity of CO2
Auseful = ⎛⎝1.248 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2 Useful area of the building

kg
0.19 ――― Annual CO2 emission index for natural gas (C107/1 table 7.5)
kW ⋅ hr
kg
ECO2 ≔ qheating ⋅ Auseful ⋅ 0.19 ⋅ ――― = ⎛⎝3.096 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kg CO2 per year
kW ⋅ hr
2.6.2 Calculation of the equivalent emission of CO2

kg ⋅ m 2
ICO2 ≔ qheating ⋅ 0.19 ⋅ ――― = 24.806 kg CO2 per year
kW ⋅ hr
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Page 28 of 29
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2.7. Calculation of the annual fuel demand
0.10 specific consumption for 1 mc of natural gas ( C107/1-2005 table 7.5)

kW ⋅ hr
qheating = 130.56 ―――
m2
A useful= ⎛⎝1.248 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2
Vgas ≔ qheating ⋅ Auseful ⋅ 0.10 = ⎛⎝1.63 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ kW ⋅ hr mc per year
2.8. Calculation of the specific primar energy for thebuilding
kW ⋅ hr
qan.max ≔ 117 ⋅ ――― per the maximum specific annual consumption of primar energy for
m2 year builfing with a height regim bigger than GF+4F
1.17 natural gas Annex 2, Order 2641/2017
kW ⋅ hr
qan ≔ qheating ⋅ 1.17 = 152.755 ――― annual specific consumtion for primar
m2 energy
!!!Verification qan < qan.max = 0
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Page 29 of 29

Chapter. Higrothermal Calculation of The Building

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Chapter. Higrothermal Calculation of The Building

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Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Civil Engineering

Chapter. Higrothermal calculation of the building

I. Technical report. Architectural and functionality description of the building

Residential building with the height regime 2B+GF+8F+1F(withdrawn floor), located in

Degree of refuge according to Annex 1 - C107/1-2005 (grad de adapostire)

II. The Reference building

II.1. Residential building

Location: Timișoara IInd climatic zone θe ≔ −15 deg

2.1 Calculation of the geometrical characteristics of the building

#Aria of the building envelope

Aslab.over.basem ≔ 1443.06 m 2 ~Area of the slab over the basement

Aterrace.roof ≔ 850.93 m 2 ~Area of the terrace roof slab

Acurtain.walls ≔ 1004 m 2 ~Area of the curtain walls

Aext.walls ≔ 3694.27 m 2 ~Area of the opaque surface ofthe exterior walls

Aslab.air.1 ≔ 74.88 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 3

Aslab.air.2 ≔ 74.88 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 5

Aslab.air.3 ≔ 154 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 7

Aslab.air.4 ≔ 307.10 m 2 ~Area of the intermediate terrace floor. Floor 9

Aslab.air ≔ Aslab.air.1 + Aslab.air.2 + Aslab.air.3 + Aslab.air.4 = 610.86 m 2

A1 ≔ Abasem.walls + Aslab.on.ground + Aslab.over.basem + Aterrace.roof = ⎛⎝2.751 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2

A2 ≔ Acurtain.walls + Awindows + Aext.walls + Aslab.air = ⎛⎝7.628 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2

AB.E = ⎛⎝1.038 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~Area of the building envelope

#Volume of the building envelope

H1 ≔ 6.00 m ~Height of the 2 basements

H2 ≔ 4.5 m ~Height of the ground floor

H3 ≔ 3.00 m ~Height of the current floor

H4 ≔ 3.90 m ~Height of the withdrawn floor 9thF

AGF ≔ 1443.06 m 2 Aetj5.6 ≔ 1448 m 2

Aetj1 ≔ 1568.80 m 2 Aetj7.8 ≔ 1267 m 2

Aetj2 ≔ 1614.30 m 2 Aetj9.retras ≔ 870.82 m 2

V1 ≔ Aslab.on.ground ⋅ H1 + AGF ⋅ H2 = ⎛⎝7.306 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 3

Vheated ≔ VB.E = ⎛⎝4.551 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 ~Volume of the building envelope

#Useful area of the building

Au.B ≔ Aslab.over.basem = ⎛⎝1.443 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2

Auseful ≔ Au.GF + Au.1.F + Au.2.F + Au.3.4.F ⋅ 2 + Au.5.6.F ⋅ 2 + Au.7.8.F ⋅ 2 + Au.9.F + Au.B

Auseful = ⎛⎝1.248 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~Useful area of the building

#Useful volume of the building

hu.B ≔ 2.75 m hu.GF ≔ 4.25 m hu.CF ≔ 2.75 m hu.F9 ≔ 3.65 m

hbasem ≔ 3.00 m hGF ≔ 4.5 m hCF ≔ 3 m hF9 ≔ 3.90 m

hu ≔ hu.B ⋅ 2 + hu.GF + hu.CF ⋅ 8 + hu.F9 = 35.4 m

HT ≔ hbasem ⋅ 2 + hGF + hCF ⋅ 9 + hF9 = 41.4 m

Vu.1 ≔ Au.B ⋅ hu.B + Au.GF ⋅ hu.GF = ⎛⎝9.944 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 3

Vuseful ≔ Vu.1 + Vu.2 = ⎛⎝3.716 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3

Vuseful = ⎛⎝3.716 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ m 3 ~Useful volume of the building

Verification!!! Vuseful < Vheated = 1 it cheks

2.2 Calculation of the global insulation coefficient

0.34 ⋅ n ~heat looses through natural ventilation

Slab over unheated basement

Aslab.over.basem ≔ 1443.06 m 2 ~area of the slab over unheated basement

A18 ≔ 438.96 ⋅ 2 m 2 + 318.10 m 2 = ⎛⎝1.196 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ m 2 ~area of the slab separting a space

A16 ⋅ 16 deg + A18 ⋅ 18 deg + A22 ⋅ 22 deg

θu ≔ 5 deg temperature in the basement (parking space)

Slab on the ground

Aslab.on.ground = 135.32 m 2 ~slab on the ground due to the heated staircases

θp ≔ 10 deg temperature of the terrain in Timisoara

Terraces over heated places with predominant 20deg

Aslab.air = 610.86 m 2 ~slab from balconies over heated places

AT.etj3.20 ⋅ 20 deg + AT.etj5.20 ⋅ 20 deg + AT.etj7.21 ⋅ 21 deg + AT.etj9.20.3 ⋅ 20.3 deg

Aterrace.roof1 ≔ 728.87 m 2 ~terrace slab 18deg

Aterrace.roof2 ≔ 61.03 ⋅ 2 m 2 = 122.06 m 2 ~terrace slab 16deg

Aterrace ≔ Aterrace.roof1 + Aterrace.roof2 = 850.93 m 2

Aterrace.roof1 ⋅ 18 deg + Aterrace.roof2 ⋅ 16 deg

θb ≔ 5 deg temperature in the basement (parking lot)