Creep

Apply constant force to a metal at high temperature for an extended period of time and it becomes
permanently deformed. This is called creep, and it can cause metal to fail even when the forces are
below its rated operating parameters, an important consideration (and something to avoid) in
gas turbine components and other high temperature uses.

Ductility
If the rope in a tug of war game (tarik tambang) were made of infinitely ductile metal, no one would
ever win because the rope would just get longer and longer. Copper and gold, for example, offer
excellent ductility and can be “drawn” into very thin wire without breaking. Some experts suggest
single ounce of gold can be made into a wire fifty miles long.
https://youtu.be/D8U4G5kcpcM

Elasticity
The leaf springs in your car are elastic. So are the beams supporting the bridge you just drove over.
In either case, that’s a good thing. Without elasticity, metal would remain permanently deformed
after being subjected to
force — your ride would become rough and the bridge would gradually sag to the water below.
https://youtu.be/SIFfY-MS3yA

Fatigue
Everyone gets tired, and metal is no exception. Unlike humans, however, metal can’t just take a nap
and feel refreshed. In fact, when metal becomes fatigued, there’s no recovering from it, and
whatever purpose that component serves is doomed to failure. This is no big deal if we’re
talking about the hinge on your mailbox, but if it’s the landing gear on the airplane you took to visit
Grandma, metal fatigue is serious business.

https://youtu.be/LhUclxBUV_E

Hardness
Rocks are hard. So is concrete. If you can hammer on a piece of steel without leaving a dent, it’s
also hard, a desirable attribute in many applications. Hardness doesn’t happen by itself, however. In
the first place, not all metals can be made hard, and those that can must be carburized, nitrided,
heated, and quenched, or precipitation-hardened to become so.
https://youtu.be/QQ051Zie8pk

Malleability
This is an important characteristic to those who work in a sheet-metal shop because — guess what?
— there wouldn’t be anything to do except play cards all day without it. Simply put, malleability is
what allows metal to be formed into sheets and other shapes. Luckily, most metals are malleable to
one extent or another, and even the most reluctant ones can be coerced to become so with a little
metallurgical sorcery.

https://youtu.be/08mGIgBcscI

Plasticity
Plasticity is similar to ductility and malleability and is defined as the ability of a solid to be plastically
deformed without fracture. Carefully heat most metals and they become plastic, allowing them to be
pushed and prodded into whatever shape is needed; but even at room temperature, metals such as
aluminum and some steels are plastic enough to be formed into soda cans and automobile hubcaps.
https://youtu.be/Ax08zg7SBd0

Stiffness
To a metallurgist, though, stiffness is wonderful, because without it, metal would be unable to resist
deformation under stress, which in most instances makes it about as useful as a skateboard with
square wheels.
https://youtu.be/yn9qhQSMCRk

Toughness
John Rambo was tough. So were Rooster Cogburn, Ellen Ripley, and Bond, James Bond. But
toughness is just as much a virtue in metal as it is in Hollywood film personas. That’s because tough
metals are strong yet ductile. They resist fracture and deformation, and like a palm tree in a
strong wind, can stand up to extreme stress.
https://youtu.be/GgDOgLjSfD8