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Reference:
• IS:800‐2007 (Section 8)
• Limit State Design of Steel Structure
by S K Duggal
• The welded plate girders are built‐up of thin steel
plates welded together to form deep I‐sections.
• These are usually larger than the I‐sections produced
by rolling mills.
• These are capable of supporting heavier loads over
longer spans than are possible with rolled steel or
compound beams.
• These are commonly used in
i) Buildings and industrial structures for long span
floors and heavy crane girders.
ii) Deck and through‐type bridges.
Welded Plate Girder : I‐section & Box‐section
Web Splices : Three Plate & Single plate
•For higher loads and spans shorter than
10m, the plate girders are generally
unecomomical.
•Welded plate girder is generally preferred to
the rivetted/bolted plate girder due to its
lesser self weight, simplicity of fabrication
using advanced welding techniques and
structural efficiency.
Design consideration
• From the shear and flexural stress distribution of I‐section, it may be
noted that flanges carry a major portion of flexural load and web
caries most of the shear load.
• For sections with slender webs (d/tw > 67 εw ) and plastic/ compact/
semi‐compact flanges, the web is susceptible to shear buckling and its
ability to take part in resisting bending moment and longitudinal
compression is reduced.
• Hence for laterally restrained plate girders, considering flanges
resisting flexure and web resisting shear, design procedure become
simple and convenient.
Flexural Strength
The flexural strength of a plate girder is based on :
1) Tension flange yielding
OR 2) Compression flange buckling
Buckling strength of compression flange is governed by :
1) Longitudinal local buckling
2) Lateral‐torsional buckling
3) Vertical buckling into the web
(eliminated by using cl. 8.6.1.2)
Shear strength of web
•A web plate under pure shear is subjected to
diagonal compression and tension. Since the
web plate is thin, it may buckle under diagonal
compression even though it is strong in
tension.
•The shear resisting capacity of the web
comprises two parts.
1) Pre‐buckling strength
2) Post‐buckling strength
Shear strength of web
• In pre‐buckling stage, the web
buckles along compression
diagonal AC beyond elastic
critical shear stress.
• This buckling stress may be
increased by i) providing vertical
stiffeners, ii) decreasing aspect
ratio c/d of web panels and iii)
decreasing depth to thickness
ratio d/tw of the web.
cl.8.4.2.2(a)
• As the applied loading is incrementally enhanced, plate will
buckle along direction of compressive diagonal - corresponding
shear stress in plate is“critical shear stress”
2
2E t
qcr k s
12 1 2 d
2
d a
k s 5.35 4 where 1 , i .e . for webs with closely
a d
spaced transverse stiffeners
Shear strength of web
• Once elastic critical stress is
reached, the compression diagonal
AC can not sustain further increase
of load by the same mechanism
and a new load carrying mechanism
called tensile membrane field is
developed.
• In this mechanism, the web panel
acting like a membrane anchored to
the boundaries‐ the top and bottom
flanges and the adjacent stiffeners
on either side of the web, allows
further increase in shear strength
beyond elastic critical shear stress.
Shear strength of web
• The first two figures in the last slide shows the amount of
tension field panel on the proportions of the web panel.
Collapse behavior :
• When the resultant tensile membrane stress reaches its yield
value, the web yields and is converted into a shear
mechanism with four plastic hinges in the flanges (classified
as plastic section).
• In case of very strong flanges, the hinges form at the four
corners of the panel.
• When flanges are compact/ semi‐compact/ slender, the
plastic hinges forms at the stiffeners and the tension field is
supported entirely by the transverse (vertical) stiffeners.