Composite Index: Ashrae Handbook Series

CHAPTER I
COMPOSITE INDEX
ASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIES
This index covers the current Handbook series published by The page reference for an index entry includes the book letter
ASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows: and the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal point
and the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page num-
F = 2005 Fundamentals
ber S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2008 HVAC
R = 2006 Refrigeration Systems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.
A = 2007 HVAC Applications Each Handbook volume is revised and updated on a four-year
S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment cycle. Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE members
change, some topics are not included in the current Handbook
Alphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heat- series but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited in
ers precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs. the index.
Abbreviations, F37 Adsorption evaporative coolers, S40.8

Absorbents dehumidification, S23.1, 10 maintenance, S28.8
liquid, F1.14; F22.3 indoor air cleaning, A45.5 media filters, S28.5
refrigerant pairs, F1.15 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.24 Air conditioners. (See also Central air
Absorption moisture, F22.1 conditioning)
ammonia/water, F20.1, 69 Aeration, of farm crops, A23.4; F11.11 faults, A38.5
Licensed for single user. © 2008 ASHRAE, Inc.
hydrogen cycle, R41.8 Aerosols, S28.1 packaged terminal (PTAC), S49.5

technology, R41.7 Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S43.7 design, S49.5, 6
bands, atmospheric gases, F31.15 AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency heavy-duty commercial grade, S2.3
chillers, S3.4 (AFUE) sizes and classifications, S49.5
turbines in, S17.4 AHU. See Air handlers testing, S49.7
coefficient of performance (COP), F1.13 Air residential, A1
concepts age of, and ventilation, F27.4 split systems, S2.6
coupling, F1.16 changes per hour (ach), F27.3 through-the-wall room units, A1.6
double-effect drying, S23.11 unitary, A1.4
calculations, F1.18 liquefaction, R38.8 retail stores, A2.1
cascaded, F1.16 properties, F6.19; F19.4; F20.62 rooftop units, S2.8
cycle characteristics, F1.15 separation, R38.17 room
dehumidification, S23.10 Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial codes and standards, S49.4
equipment, R41.1 exhaust gas cleaning) design, S49.1
evolving technologies, R41.10 gaseous (indoor air) features, S49.3
ideal thermal, F1.13 adsorbers, A45.5 filters, S49.4
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.17 chemisorbers, A45.6 installation and service, S49.4
refrigeration cycles, F1.14 economics, A45.13 noise, S49.4
ammonia/water, F20.1, 69 energy consumption, A45.13 performance, S49.2
lithium bromide/water, F20.1, 69 environmental effects on, A45.15 sizes and classifications, S49.1
types, F1.16 installation, A45.14 split systems, S48.1
modeling analysis and performance location, A45.9 coil placement, S48.8
simulation, F1.17 media selection, A45.10 residential and light-commercial, S2.6
phase constraints, F1.14 operation and maintenance, A45.14 unitary
representations, F1.16 safety, A45.14 air handlers, S48.7
solar cooling, A33.18, 26; S36.3, 9 sizing, A45.10 application, S48.1
water/lithium bromide technology terminology, A45.5 capacity control, S48.7
components, R41.1 testing, A45.15 certification, S48.6
control, R41.6 types, A45.7 circuit components, S48.6
double-effect chillers, R41.3 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 codes and standards, S48.5, 6
maintenance, R41.7 particulate desuperheaters, S48.4
operation, R41.6 contaminants, S28.1 efficiency, S48.5
single-effect chillers, R41.2 industrial ventilation, S28.2 electrical design, S48.7
single-effect heat transformers, particle collection mechanisms, S28.2 installation, S48.2
R41.3 penetration, S28.3 maintenance, S48.2
terminology, R41.1 residential, S28.9 mechanical design, S48.8
working fluids, F1.15 safety requirements, S28.12 multizone, S48.4
Acoustics. See Sound selection, S28.8 piping, S48.7
Activated carbon adsorption, A45.5 standards, S28.3, 5 refrigerant circuit control, S48.6
ADPI. See Air diffusion performance index test methods, S28.2 space conditioning/water heating,
(ADPI) types S48.4
Adsorbents air washers, S40.8 types, S48.2, 4
impregnated, S29.24 combination, S28.6 unit ventilators, S27.1
solid, A45.5; F22.4 electronic, S9.1; S28.5, 7; S32.2 window-mounted, S2.3
I.1
I.2 2008 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and Equipment (SI)
Air conditioning. (See also Central air systems ceiling-mounted diffusers, F33.17
conditioning) decentralized, S2.1 equipment, S19
airports, A3.9 floor-by-floor, S2.6 evaluation, F33.12
animal buildings, A22.4 forced-air, small, S9.1 air velocity, F33.13
archives, A21 packaged exhaust inlets, F33.15
arenas, A4.4 outdoor equipment, S2.8 methods
atriums, A4.8 rooftop, S2.8 displacement ventilation, F33.10
auditoriums, A4.3 radiant panel S6.1 mixing systems, F33.7
automobile, A9.1 selection, S1.1, 8 unidirectional ventilation, F33.12
bakeries, R28 self-contained, S2.6 outlets
bars, A3.5 space requirements, S1.5 groups, F33.8, 16
bowling centers, A3.8 split, S2.6 location, F33.15
buses, A9.13 television studios, A3.8 performance, F33.9
bus terminals, A3.10 temporary exhibits, A4.8 selection, F33.15
casinos, A3.6 textile processing plants, A19.4 performance index, F33.13, 17
changeover temperature, S5.11, 13 theaters, A4.3 return air design, F33.17
clean spaces, A16 transportation centers, A3.9 return inlets, F33.15
commercial buildings, A3.1; S2.6 warehouses, A3.11 space, F33.1
computer rooms, A17 warm/humid climates, F24.8 standards, F33.12
concert halls, A4.4 wood products facilities, A24.1 system design, F33.14
convention centers, A4.5 Air contaminants. See Contaminants temperature gradient, F33.9
data processing areas, A17 Aircraft, A10 terminology, F33.1
desiccant dehumidification and, S23.10 air conditioning, A10.5 Air diffusion performance index (ADPI),
dormitories, A5.1, 8 air distribution, A10.7 F33.13, 17
educational facilities, A6.1 air filters, A10.4, 9 Air distribution

engine test facilities, A15.1 air quality, A10.8 aircraft cabins, A10.7
equipment cabin pressurization air terminals, A56.1
outdoor, S2.8 control, A10.6, 8 animal environments, A22.3, 5
refrigeration, S3.3 performance, A10.2, 4 bowling centers, A3.8
exhibition centers, A4.5 carbon dioxide concentration, A10.9 buildings, S4.1
fairs, A4.8 environmental control system (ECS), central system, A41.2
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 A10.2, 4, 6, 8 communications centers, A3.9
galleries, A21 air-conditioning packs, A10.4 control, A46.17; S4.17
gymnasiums, A4.5 air-cycle machine, A10.5 ductwork, S1.7; S4.10
health care facilities, A7 cabin pressure control, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 equipment, S19
hospitals, A7.2 design conditions fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.19
nursing facilities, A7.14 considerations, A10.2 forced-air systems, small, S9.7
outpatient, A7.13 ventilation, A10.4 industrial environments, A29.2
hotels and motels, A5 engine bleed air system, A10.4 in-room terminal systems, S5.10
houses of worship, A4.3 load determination, A10.3 isovels, A56.5
ice rinks, A4.5 outside air, A10.4 kitchen makeup air, A31.15
industrial environments, A12; A29 pneumatic system, A10.4 laboratories, A14.9
kitchens, A3.5, 6; A31 regulations, A10.1 mapping, A56.5
laboratories, A14.1 heating, A10.4 occupied zone, A56.1
libraries, A21 humidity, A10.9 places of assembly, A4.2
mass transit, A9.13 multiple factors, A10.10 rail cars, A9.17
mines, A27 oxygen levels, A10.1, 9 retail stores, A2.1
museums, A21 ozone concentration, A10.1, 7, 8 ships, A11.3, 4
natatoriums, A4.6 ventilation, A10.1, 4 sound control, A47.2, 30
nightclubs, A3.6 Air curtains, display cases, R46.5 systems, A56.1
nuclear facilities, A26 Air diffusers design considerations, A56.1
office buildings, A3.6 sound control, A47.9 fully stratified, A56.6
paper products facilities, A24.2 testing, A37.2 mixed, A56.2
photographic processing and storage areas, Air diffusion partially mixed, A56.8
A20.1 air jets rooms, A56.1
places of assembly, A4 angle of divergence, F33.2 terminal boxes, A46.14, 17
plant growth chambers, A22.17 Archimedes number, F33.6 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.3
power plants, A25.10 behavior, F33.1 textile processing plants, A19.6
printing plants, A18 centerline velocity, F33.2 zone control, A46.10, 19
public buildings, A3.1 classification, F33.1 Air distribution performance index (ADPI),
radio stations, A3.8 Coanda effect, F33.6 A56.5
rail cars, A9.15 entrainment ratios, F33.5 Air exchange rate
restaurants, A3.5 isothermal, F33.2 air changes per hour (ach), F27.3
retrofitting, contaminant control, R6.9 radial flow, F33.6 modeling, F27.20
ship docks, A3.10 multiple, F33.6 multizone measurement, F27.27
solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 nonisothermal, F33.6 time constants, F27.3
subway stations, A13.13 surface (wall and ceiling), F33.6 tracer gas measurement method, F27.26
swimming areas, A4.6 throw, F33.5 Air filters. See Filters, air
S = 2008 HVAC Systems and Equipment A = 2007 HVAC Applications R = 2006 Refrigeration F = 2005 Fundamentals
Composite Index I.3
Airflow sound levels, A47.3 constant-volume, S4.10, 12
air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12 strategies, A41.26 control, S4.17
around buildings, F16 unitary, air conditioners, S48.7 cooling, S4.4, 8
air intake contamination estimation vibration isolation, S4.10 costs, S4.3
minimum dilution, F16.10 Air intakes dehumidification, S4.5, 9
coefficients wind pressure, F16.3 design, A44.1 disadvantages, S4.1
internal pressure, F16.9 hospitals, A7.2 dual-duct, S4.12
modeling and testing, F16.10 location to avoid contamination, A44.2 economizers, S4.7
patterns, A44.3; F16.1 outdoor, S4.7 heating, S4.2, 5
wind vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.35 humidification, S4.5, 9
data, F16.3, 6, 7 Air jets. See Air diffusion multizone, S4.13
effects on system operation Air leakage. (See also Infiltration) primary equipment, S4.4
intakes and exhausts, F16.7 area, F27.12 single-duct, S4.10
system volume, F16.9 building distribution, F27.13 variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.11, 12
ventilation, F16.7 commercial buildings, F27.23 zoning, S4.2
velocity pressure (Bernoulli equation), controlling, air-vapor retarder, F27.14 Ammonia
F16.3 leakage function, F27.12 absorption
through building components, F23.5 measurement, F27.12, 13 ammonia/water, F1.18; R41.7
clean spaces, A16.3 Air outlets ammonia/water/hydrogen, R41.8
computational fluid dynamics, A39.10 accessories, S19.4 in animal environments, A22.2, 9
computer-aided modeling, A16.4 dampers, S19.4, 6 properties, ammonia/water, F20.1, 69
condensers, evaporative, S38.15 location, S9.4 system practices, R3
control, F23 selection, S19.2 Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A54.14
and convection, F23.16 smudging, S19.3 Anemometers
displacement flow, F27.2 sound level, S19.2 air devices, A37.2

entrainment flow, F27.2 supply, S19.1 types, F14.15
exhaust hoods, A30.3 surface effects, S19.2 Animal environments
furnaces, S32.3 temperature differential, S19.2 air contaminants, F10.4
and heat flow, F23.8, 16 types, S19.3 ammonia, A22.2, 9
laminar, A16.4 Airports, air conditioning, A3.9 carbon dioxide, A22.2
measurement of, A37.2 Air quality. (See also Indoor air quality) air distribution, A22.3, 5
modeling, hygrothermal, F23.8 aircraft cabins, A10.8 air inlets, A22.6
modeling, in buildings, F34 animal buildings, A22.2 air quality control, A22.2
and moisture flow, F23.8, 8 bus terminals, A13.23 air transport, R32.2
nonunidirectional, A16.3 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.26 cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7; F10.7
perfect mixing, F27.3 parking garages, A13.17 chickens, F10.12
smoke management, A52.5 road tunnels, A13.7 cooling, A22.4
solar energy systems, A33.25 tollbooths, A13.25 design, A22.1
terminology, F23.2 Airtightness, F14.22 disease control, A22.3
tracking, A46.9 Air-to-air energy recovery, S25 evaporative cooling, A22.4; A51.14
unidirectional, A16.4, 11, 13 Air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12 fans, A22.6
Airflow retarders, F23.5, 17 Air transport, R32 heating, A22.4
climates animals, R32.2 hydrogen sulfide, A22.2
heating, F24.5 commodity requirements, R32.2 insulation, A22.4
mixed, F24.7 design considerations, R32.2 laboratory conditions, A14.14; A22.9; F10.14
warm/humid, F24.8 galley refrigeration, R32.4 lighting, F10.3
walls, A43.4 ground handling, R32.4 moisture control, A22.2
Air flux. See Airflow perishable cargo, R32.1 particulate matter (PM), A22.2
Air handlers refrigeration, R32.3 physiological control
all-air systems, S4.3 shipping containers, R32.2 heat production
control, A46.17 Air washers data, F10.2
cooling, S4.4 air cleaning, S40.8 genetics affecting, F10.7
dampers, S4.7 coolers, S40.6 liquid wastes, F10.7
dehumidification, S4.5, 9 dehumidification performance factor, heat transfer, F10.3
distribution systems, A41.2 S40.8 systems, F10.2
draw-through, S4.3 heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F5.11 poultry, A22.8
economizers, S4.7 high-velocity spray type, S40.7 shades, A22.3
fans, S4.4, 6, 9 humidification, S40.7 sheep, F10.9
faults, A38.6 maintenance, S40.8 swine, A22.7; F10.10
filter, S4.8 spray type, S40.6 temperature control, A22.1; F10.3
heating, S4.5 textile processing plants, A19.4 turkeys, F10.13
humidification, S4.5, 9 water treatment, A48.9; S40.9 ventilation, A22.5
location, S4.4 Algae, control, A48.5 Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
mixing plenum, S4.7 All-air systems S32.8; S33.2
psychrometrics, S4.4 advantages, S4.1 Antifreeze
reheat, S4.9 air distribution, S4.10 coolants, secondary, F21.4
sequencing, A41.26 air handlers, S4.3 ethylene glycol, F21.4
set point reset, A41.27 buildings, S4.1 hydronic systems, S12.23
propylene glycol, F21.4 HVAC systems, A37.1 Boilers, S31
Antisweat heaters (ASH), R46.5 hydronic systems, A37.6 air supply, S34.28
Apartment buildings induction systems, A37.5 aluminum, S31.3
service water heating, A49.13, 16 kitchen ventilation systems, A31.18 burners, S30.1
ventilation, A1.6 refrigeration systems, R43.1 burner types, S31.6
Aquifers, thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6 steam distribution systems, A37.15 carbonic acid, S10.2
Archimedes number, F33.6 temperature controls, A37.16 cast iron, S31.2
Archives. See Museums, galleries, archives, variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, central
and libraries A37.4 multifamily, A1.5
Arenas Barley, F11.13 plants, S11.3
air conditioning, A4.4 Bars, A3.4, 5 classifications, S31.1
smoke management, A52.12 BAS. See Building automation system (BAS) codes, S31.5
Argon Baseboard units combination, S31.4
properties, F19.2, 4; F20.66; F39.1 application, S35.5 condensing, S31.3
recovery, R38.17 design effects, S35.3 construction materials, S31.1
Asbestos, F9.5 finned-tube, S35.1 controls, A46.1, S31.6, S31.7
ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH) heating equipment, S35.1 flame safeguard, S31.7
Atriums nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3 optimization, A41.3
air conditioning, A4.8 radiant, S35.1 copper, S31.3
smoke management, A52.12 rating, S35.3 draft types, S31.3
Attics, moisture control climates Basements dry-base, S31.2
heating, F24.5 conditioned, A43.1 efficiency, S31.5
mixed, F24.7 heat loss, F29.11, F29.13 electric, S31.4
warm/humid, F24.8 moisture control, A43.2 equipment, S3.5
Auditoriums, A4.3 unconditioned, A43.1 gas-fired, S30.5, S30.11

Automobiles Beer’s law, F3.12 venting, S34.19
air conditioners Bernoulli equation, F35.1 integrated, S31.4
compressors, A9.8 generalized, F2.2, 6 modeling, F32.14
condensers, A9.9 kinetic energy factor, F2.2 noncondensing, S31.3
controls, A9.8 steady flow, F2.12 oil-fired venting, S34.21
design factors, A9.1 wind velocity pressure, F16.3 piping, S10.3
evaporators, A9.6, 11 Best efficiency point (BEP), S43.6 rating, S31.5
lubricants, A9.11 Beverages, R26 residential, A1.3
receiver/drier/filter assembly, A9.10 beer, R26.1 scotch marine, S31.3
refrigerants storage requirements, R11.11 selection, S31.5
flow control, A9.8 carbonated, R26.10 service water heating, A49.25
vehicles, A9.11 coolers, R26.11 sizing, S31.6
engine test facilities, A15.1 fruit juice, R25.1 stainless steel, S31.3
environmental control, A9.1 liquid carbon dioxide storage, R26.12 standards, S31.5
heaters refrigeration systems, R26.11 steam, S31.1
controls, A9.8 refrigerators for, R47.2 systems, S10.3
design factors, A9.1 thermal properties, R9.1 steel, S31.2
heater cores, A9.5 time calculations stokers, S30.17
ventilation, A9.8 cooling, R10.1 storing, A48.11
Autopsy rooms, A8.5, 6 freezing, R10.7 venting, S34.19, 21
Avogadro’s law, and fuel combustion, wine wall-hung, S31.4
F18.9 production, R26.8 waste heat, S10.3
Backflow-prevention devices, S46.13 storage temperature, R26.10 water, S31.1
BACnet®, A39.15; F15.16 BIM. See Building information modeling water treatment, A48.10
Bacteria (BIM) wet-base, S31.2
control, A48.5 Bioaerosols wet-leg, S31.2
food, growth in, R12.1 airborne working pressure, S31.1
humidifiers, growth in, S21.1 bacteria, F12.2, 5 Boiling
Bakery products, R28 control, F12.7 critical heat flux, F4.4
air conditioning, R28.1 fungus spores, F12.2 evaporators
bread, R28 microbiological particulate, F12.5 flow mechanics, F4.4
cooling, R28.4 mold, F12.6 heat transfer, F4.5
dough production, R28.2 pollen, F12.2 film, F4.2
freezing, R28.5 sampling, F12.7 heat tranfer equations, F4.3
ingredient storage, R28.1 viruses, F12.2 natural convection systems, F4.1
refrigeration, R28.1; R47.2 origins, F12.1 nucleate, F4.1, 2
slicing, R28.5 particles, F9.4 pool, F4.1
wrapping, R28.5 Biocides, control, A48.5 Bowling centers, A3.8
Balance point, heat pumps, S48.9 Biodiesel, F18.5 Brake horsepower, S43.7
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and Biological safety cabinets, A14.6 Brayton cycle
balancing) Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A16.6 cryogenics, R38.11
air distribution systems, A37.3 Bioterrorism. See Chemical, biological, gas turbine, S7.18
dual-duct systems, A37.4 radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Bread, R28
Composite Index I.5
Breweries ventilation maintenance, R30.10
carbon dioxide production, R26.6 equipment, A13.31 mechanical cooling and heating, R30.3
refrigeration operation areas, A13.23 operations, R30.9
fermenting cellar, R26.4 control, A13.24 qualification testing, R30.7
Kraeusen cellar, R26.5 effects of alternative fuel use, A13.24 safety, R30.7
stock cellar, R26.5 platforms, A13.22 sanitation, R30.3
systems, R26.7 Butane, commercial, F18.4 shock and vibration, R30.5
wort cooler, R26.3 CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD) space considerations, R30.10
storage tanks, R26.6 Cafeterias storage effect cooling, R30.4
vinegar production, R26.8 air conditioning, A3.4 system application, R30.8
Brines. See Coolants, secondary service water heating, A49.13, 19 temperature-controlled transport, R30.1
Building automation systems (BAS), A39.15; Calcium chloride brines, F21.1 temperature settings, R30.9
F15.13 Candy use, R30.9
Building energy monitoring, A40. (See also chocolate, R29.1 vapor barrier, R30.1
Energy monitoring) manufacture ventilation, R30.5, 10
Building envelopes chilling, R29.3 Carnot refrigeration cycle, F1.6
ceilings, A43.5 coating, R29.4 Casinos, A3.4, 6
condensation, S21.2 cooling, R29.4 Cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7
energy conservation, A43.1 dipping, R29.2 (See also Animal environments)
fenestration, A43.6 drying, R29.3 growth, F10.7
foundations, A43.1 enrobing, R29.2 heat and moisture production, F10.8
heat flow through, effect of moisture on, plants, R29.1 lactation, F10.8
F23.5 refrigeration plant, R29.4 reproduction, F10.8
interface, A43.6 storage CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV)
museums, galleries, archives, and libraries, humidity, R29.7 Cavitation, F2.13

A21.12 temperature, R29.6 pumps, centrifugal, S43.8
roofs, A43.5 Capillary action, and moisture flow, F23.8 valves, S46.2
structural failure, from moisture, F23.5 Capillary tubes CBRE. See Chemical, biological, radiological,
thermal bridges, F23.4 capacity balance, R44.24 and explosive (CBRE) incidents
design recommendations, A43.10 characteristic curve, R44.24 Ceiling effect. See Coanda effect
heat transfer, A43.8 pressure-reducing device, R44.23 Ceilings
mitigation of, A43.9 restrictor orifice, S22.2 air movement, A43.6
thermal mass, A43.11 selection, R44.26 cathedral, F24
thermal transmission data, F25.1 Carbon dioxide moisture control, F24.5
walls, residential, A43.3 in aircraft cabins, A10.9 insulation, A43.5
Building information modeling (BIM), A39.11 in animal environments, A22.2 moisture control, A43.6
Building thermal mass combustion, F18.1, 10 R-values, F25.12
charging and discharging, A34.15; S50.15 greenhouse enrichment, A22.14 sound correction, A47.25
effects of, A34.14; S50.14 liquefaction, R26.7 sound transmission, A47.30
precooling, A41.28 measurement, F14.23 Central air conditioning, A41. (See also Air
Burners refrigerant, R3.26 conditioning)
air supply, S34.28 storage, R26.12 Central plants
controls, S30.19 Carbon emissions, F17.9 boiler, S11.3
conversion, S30.4, 6 Carbon monoxide chiller, S11.1, 4
dual-fuel gas/oil, S30.14 analyzers, A13.9, 10 distribution design, S11.5
gas-fired, S30.3 parking garages, A13.17, 18 district heating and cooling, S11.3
altitude compensation, S30.10 road tunnels, A13.7 emission control, S11.4
combustion and adjustments, S30.19 tollbooths, A13.25 heating medium, S11.3
commercial, S30.6 Cargo containers, R30 hotels and motels, A5.7
industrial, S30.6 airborne sound, R30.7 thermal storage, S11.4
residential, S30.5 air circulation, R30.3 Central systems
venting, S34.19 ambient design factors, R30.6 cooling and heating, S3.1
oil-fired, S30.11 commodity precooling, R30.9 features, S1.3
commercial, S30.12 control, R30.5, 10 furnaces, S32.1
fuel controlled atmosphere, R30.5 humidifiers, S21.5
handling system, S30.15 costs, owning and operating, R30.9 residential forced-air, S9.1
preparation system, S30.16 design, R30.1 space requirements, S1.5
storage, S30.14 equipment ventilation, with in-room terminal systems,
industrial, S30.12 attachment provisions, R30.3 S5.2
residential, S30.11 design and selection factors, R30.5, 8 Cetane number, engine fuels, F18.7
venting, S34.21 operating economy, R30.6 CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
venting, S34.19, 21 qualification testing, R30.7 Charging, refrigeration systems, R45.4
Buses selection, R30.8 Chemical, biological, radiological, and
air conditioning, A9.13 system application factors, R30.8 explosive (CBRE) incidents, A58
garage ventilation, A13.20 types, R30.3 biological events, A58.4
Bus terminals heating only, R30.5 chemical agent types, A58.1
air conditioning, A3.10 insulation barrier, R30.1 gases and vapors, A58.3
physical configuration, A13.22 load calculations, R30.8 incapacitating, A58.2
irritants, A58.2 selection, S42.8 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), A32.6
toxic, A58.2 transfer units, S42.12 Chocolate, R29.1 (See also Candy)
chemical events, A58.1 selection methods, S42.10 Choking, F2.13
explosive events, A58.5 temperature lift, S42.10 CHP systems. See Cogeneration
design considerations, A58.6 control, A46.4 Cinemas, A4.3
loading description, A58.5 capacity, S42.4, 14 Claude cycle, R38.8
general guidelines, A58.1 considerations, S42.11 Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces
HVAC system design, A58.7 regulating, S42.4 Clean spaces, A16
radiological events, A58.4 safety, S42.4 aerospace, A16.13
risk evaluation, A58.7 costs, S42.3 air filters, A16.3, 8, 11
Chemical plants direct expansion, R2.26; S42.1 airflow, A16.3, 4, 11, 13
automation, R37.3 economizing, S42.1 applications, A16.2
energy recovery, R37.4 expansion turbines, S42.1 biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A16.6
flow sheets, R37.1 faults, A38.5 construction, A16.17
instrumentation and controls, R37.8 flash, S42.1 contaminant control, A16.3, 8
outdoor construction, R37.4 heat recovery, S42.2 cooling, A16.14
piping, R37.8 injection, S42.1 energy conservation, A16.16
pumps, R37.8 liquid chilling systems, S42 fire safety, A16.14
refrigeration liquid heads, S42.3 high-bay, A16.13
compressors, R37.6 load distribution, A41.21 humidity control, A16.14
condensers, R37.6 maintenance, S42.5, 12, 15 makeup air, A16.14, 16
cooling towers, R37.8 marine water boxes, S42.3 noise control, A16.17
equipment, R37.3, 6 noise generation, A47.10; S42.11 operation, A16.17
evaporators, R37.7 optimization, A46.5 particle sources, A16.3
load, R37.2 prerotation vanes, S42.4, 9 pharmaceutical

safety requirements, R37.2 reciprocating aseptic, A16.7
spray ponds, R37.8 components, S42.5 start-up, A16.9
systems, R37.1, 5 control, S42.7 biomanufacturing, A16.6
safety requirements, R37.2 equipment, S42.5 contaminant control, A16.8
specifications, R37.1 performance, S42.6 control and monitoring, A16.9
tanks, R37.8 refrigerant selection, S42.6 design, A16.7
Chemisorption, A45.6 selection methods, S42.7 isolators, A16.9
Chickens, F10. (See also Animal environments; refrigeration cycle, S42.1 nonaseptic, A16.9
Poultry) screw unidirectional hoods, A16.8
Chilled water (CW) applications, S42.15 pressurization, A16.15
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, capacity control, S42.14 process exhaust, A16.14, 16
S7.44 components, S42.13 semiconductor, A16.11
district heating and cooling, S11.4, 19, 32 equipment, S42.13 system sizing and redundancy, A16.15
optimal temperature, A41.17 maintenance, S42.15 temperature control, A16.14
pumping system, A41.2, 6, 17 performance, S42.14 terminology, A16.1
pump sequencing, A41.16, 20 selection methods, S42.3, 7, 10 testing, A16.6
reset, A41.16, 17 sequencing, A41.6, 20, 23 vibration control, A16.17
systems, S12.1, 17 standards, S42.5 Climate design information, F28
central plant, A37.14 subcooling, S42.1 Clothing
heat transfer versus flow, A37.7 and turbines, S17.4 insulation, clo units, F8.8
one-pipe, S12.19 vapor compression model, F32.15 moisture permeability, F8.8
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.8 variable-flow, S42.2 CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperature
two-pipe, S12.19 variable-speed, S42.4, 10 differential method with solar cooling load
thermal storage, A34.4; S50.4 vibration control, A47.12; S42.11 factors (CLTD/CLF)
water treatment, A48.10 Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F5.6 Coal
Chillers Chimneys, S34 classification, F18.7
absorption, S3.4 accessories, S34.30 handling facilities, A25.6, 9
ammonia/water, R41.7 capacity calculation examples, S34.14 heating value, F18.8
heat-activated, S7.39 caps, S34.32 stokers, S30.17
water/lithium bromide, R41.2 codes, S34.35 types, F18.7
blast, R47.3 design equations, S34.3 Coanda effect, A31.2; F33.6; S19.2
central plants, A46.4; S11.1, 4 draft, S34.1 Codes, S51. (See also Standards)
centrifugal available, S34.1, 3 air conditioners, room, S49.4
air-cooled, S42.12 theoretical, S34.2, 3 air distribution, A56.1
controls, S42.11 fireplace, S34.1, 23 boilers, S31.5
equipment, S42.8 flue gas, S34.1 building codes, S18.1
fouling, S42.11 functions, S34.2 chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, S34.35
free cooling, S42.12 gas, appliance venting, S34.20 condensers, S38
hot-gas bypass, S42.10 masonry, S34.20, 22 evaporative, S38.18
maintenance, 12 materials, S34.28 water-cooled, S38.7
purge units, S42.11 standards, S34.29, 35 coolers, liquid, S41.4
rating, S42.10 terminations, S34.32 data processing, A17.15
refrigerant wind effects, S34.3, 32 dehumidifiers, room, S24.3
Composite Index I.7
duct construction, S18.1 estimate, S7.50 oscillation, F18.16
electrical, A55.15 load duration curve, S7.51 pollution, F18.13
furnaces, S32.10 two-dimensional, S7.53 principles, F18.1
makeup air units, S27.9 simulation, S7.53 pulse, F18.2
motors, S44.2 electrical systems, S7.44 reactions, F18.1
nuclear facilities, A26.10 expansion engines/turbines, S7.31 resonance, F18.16
piping, S45.6 heat-activated chillers, S7.39 solid fuels, F18.7
Coefficient of performance (COP) heat recovery soot, F18.16
absorption, F1.13 engines, S7.33, 34 sound, F18.16
compressors, S37.2 turbines, S7.37 stoichiometric, F18.1
economic (ECOP), combined heat and power load profiling, S7.4 types, F18.1
(CHP), S7.50 maintenance, S7.17 Combustion air systems
refrigeration, F1.3, 13 modular systems, S7.3 air required, S34.28
room air conditioners, S49.2 packaged systems, S7.3 analysis, F14.32
Cogeneration. See Combined heat and power peak shaving, S7.4 burners
(CHP) prime movers gas, S30.19
Coils fuel cells, S7.22 oil, S30.11
air-cooling, S4.8 selection, S7.4 control, S30.2
airflow resistance, S22.6 thermal output, S7.33, 33 efficiency boilers, S31.5
applications, S22.1, 4 turbines industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.27
aqueous glycol coils, S22.2 combustion, S7.18, 46 venting, S34.1
construction and arrangement, S22.1 steam, S7.25, 47 Combustion turbine inlet cooling (CTIC),
control, A46.7; S22.3 thermal energy storage, S7.40 S7.20; S17.1
direct-expansion coils, S22.2 utilization systems thermal storage, A34.17; S50.17
fluid flow arrangement, S22.3 air, S7.43 Comfort. (See also Physiological principles,
heat transfer, S22.6 district heating and cooling, S7.44 humans)
load determination, S22.14 hydronic, S7.43 environmental indices, F8.20
maintenance, S22.15 service hot water, S7.43 environmental parameters
performance vibration control, foundations, S7.15 air velocity, F14.29
cooling and dehumidifying, S22.9 Combustion, F18 asymmetric thermal radiation, F8.13
cooling-only, S22.7 air pollution, F18.13 draft, F8.13
rating, S22.6 air required for, F18.9 floor temperature, F8.15
refrigerant coils, S22.2 altitude compensation, F18.3 radiant temperature, F8.11
selection, S22.5 calculations vertical air temperature difference, F8.14
on ships, A11.4 air required for, F18.9 humidity, F14.29; S21.1
water coils, S22.2 carbon dioxide, theoretical, F18.10 local discomfort, F8.13
air-heating, S26.1 efficiency, F18.12 nonuniform conditions, F8.13
aqueous glycol, S26.2 flue gas predicted mean vote (PMV), F8.17; F14.30
construction, S26.1 dew point, F18.11 predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F8.17
design, S26.1 loss, F18.13 radiant heating, A53.3
electric, A46.3; S26.3 quantity produced, F18.10 special environments
installation, S26.4 water vapor in, F18.11 extreme cold, F8.25
maintenance, S26.5 coals hot and humid environments, F8.24
rating, S26.3 characteristics, F18.8 infrared heating, F8.22
refrigerant, S26.3 classification, F18.8 radiant heating, comfort equations, F8.23
selection, S26.3 heating value, F18.8 steady-state energy balance, F8.16
shipboard, A11.4 types, F18.7 two-node model, F8.17
steam, A46.2; S26.1 condensation in, F18.16 thermal sensation scale, F8.11
water, A46.2; S14.8; S26.2 continuous, F18.2 zones, F8.12, 19; F9.11
condensers, S38 corrosion in, F18.16 Commercial and public buildings
evaporative, S38.14 diesel fuel, F18.6 air leakage, F27.23
dehumidifying, S22.1 efficiency, F18.12 airports, A3.9
desuperheating, S38.16 engine fuels, cetane number, F18.7 bars, A3.4, 5
energy recovery loops, S25.11 excess air, F18.9 bowling centers, A3.8
halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.27 flammability limits F18.1 burners
heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F5.12 fuel oils, F18.5 gas, S30.3, S30.6
heat reclaim, S26.3 gaseous fuels oil, S30.12
preheat, S4.8 illuminants, F18.9 bus terminals, A3.10
reheat, S4.9; S26.2 liquefied petroleum gas, F18.4 cafeterias, A3.4
Colburn’s analogy, F3.14 natural gas, F18.4 casinos, A3.4, 6
Colebrook equation types and properties, F18.4 central cooling systems, A41.1
friction factor, F35.6 gas turbine fuel, F18.6 communications centers, A3.8
pressure drop, F36.1 heating value, F18.3 ducts
Collectors, solar, A33.6, 11, 23, 25; S36.3 ignition temperature, F18.2 construction, S18.2
(See also Solar energy) illuminants, F18.9 design, small applications, S9.10
Colleges and universities, A6.10 liquid fuels, F18.5 furnaces, S32.5
Combined heat and power (CHP), S7 engines, F18.6 garages, A3.10
economic feasibility, S7.49 noise, F18.16 general criteria, A3.1
humidifiers, S21.6 dynamic, S37.1 viscosity modeling, F34.10
ice rinks, R35 engine-driven, S7.46 Computer-aided design (CAD), A16.4; A39.11
indoor air quality (IAQ), F27.9 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.24 Computers, A39
kitchen ventilation, A31.1 heat pump systems, S8.6 abbreviations for programming, F37.1
load characteristics, A3.1 motors, S37.6, S44.4 BACnet®, A39.15; F15.16
malls, A2.6 noise generation, A47.10 building automation systems (BAS), A39.15
nightclubs, A3.4, 6 operation and maintenance, S37.36 computational fluid dynamics, A13.2;
office buildings, A3.6 orbital, S37.23 A39.10; A52.14
restaurants, A3.4, 5 positive-displacement, S37.6 computer-aided design (CAD), A16.4;
retail facilities, A2.1 performance, S37.2 A39.11
service water heating, A49.11 reciprocating, S7.45; S37.7 for control, F15.4, 9, 18
ship docks, A3.10 application, S37.11 design tools
transportation centers, A3.9 bearings, S37.7, 10 acoustic calculations, A39.8
warehouses, A3.11 capacity control, S37.11 building information modeling (BIM),
Commissioning, A42 crankcase, R2.33 A39.11
acceptance, A42.7 features, S37.9 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.53
construction, A42.6 lubrication, S37.10 computational fluid dynamics, A39.10
control systems, F15.16 parallel, R3.10 computer-aided design (CAD), A39.11
costs, A42.10 performance, S37.8 duct design, A39.6
desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 special devices, S37.11 equipment selection and simulation,
design, A42.5; A46.23 types, S37.7 A39.8
existing buildings, A42.1, 11 valves, S37.10 load calculations, A39.5
in integrated building design, A57.8 rotary, R3.12; S37.11, 14 piping design, A39.7
laboratories, A14.19 bearings, S37.13 refrigerant properties, A39.12
makeup air units, S27.9 screw, S7.46 smoke control analysis, A52.12, 14
new construction, A42.1 lubricant cooling, R3.12 ventilation, A39.12
objectives, A42.2 single, S37.14 road tunnel, A13.2
occupancy and operations, A42.10 bearings, S37.14 equipment, A39.8
owner’s project requirements (OPR), A42.2 capacity control, S37.17 graphics, A39.11
predesign, A42.4 compression process, S37.14 hardware, A39.1
pumps, centrifugal, S43.13 economizers, S37.16, 16 HVAC simulation, A39.9
recommissioning, A42.1, 10 lubrication, S37.15 Internet, A39.16
retrocommissioning, A42.1, 11 noise and vibration, S37.18 modeling, F15.18
team, A42.3 oil-injected, S37.15 monitoring and control, A39.14
test procedures, A42.8 performance, S37.18 networking components, A39.13
Communications centers, A3.8 volume ratio, S37.16 peripherals, A39.5
Compressors, S37 twin, S37.19 smoke control analysis, A52.12, 14
air conditioners, room, S49.2 bearings, S37.20 software, A39.2
ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.2 capacity control, S37.20 antispyware, A39.2
bearings compression process, S37.19 custom programming, A39.4
centrifugal, S37.36 hermetic, S37.23 development tools, A39.4
reciprocating, S37.7, 10 lubrication, S37.22 energy analysis, F32.3
rotary, S37.13 volume ratio, S37.21 firewall, A39.2
scroll, S37.23 scroll, S37.23 graphics, A39.3
single-screw, S37.14 bearings, S37.25 HVAC, A39.5
twin-screw, S37.20 capacity control, S37.25 readymade, A39.4
centrifugal, S7.46 efficiency, S37.26 road tunnel, A13.2
angular momentum, S37.29 variable-speed, S37.26 terminology, A39.2
bearings, S37.36 trochoidal (Wankel), S37.27 utilities, A39.2, 12
capacity control, S37.33 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F34.1 supervisory control, A39.14
critical speed, S37.34 assessing predictions, F34.11 World Wide Web, A39.17
design, S37.35, 36 boundary conditions for Concert halls, A4.4
drivers, S37.35 inlet, F34.6 Concrete
efficiency, S37.32 outlet, F34.7 cooling, R36.1
isentropic analysis, S37.30 reporting, F34.13 pozzolanic admixtures, R36.1
lubrication, S37.36 sources/sinks, F34.8 selection, R36.1
Mach number, S37.32 surfaces, F34.7 thermal design, R36.4
noise, S37.5, 23, 34 symmetry, F34.8 water heating for, A49.23
paralleling, S37.35 walls, F34.7 Condensate
polytropic analysis, S37.30 considerations, F34.9 steam systems, F36.18; S10.6; S11.7, 19
refrigeration cycle, S37.28 grids, F34.4 water treatment, A48.11
surging, S37.33 mathematical approaches, F34.1 Condensation
testing, S37.32 meshing, F34.4 in building components, F23.9
turbocompressors, S37.28 reporting, F34.9, 13 in combustion systems, F18.16
variable-speed, S37.33 steps, F34.9 concealed, S21.3
vibration, S37.34 turbulence modeling, F34.3 control, with insulation, F26.2
chemical industry refrigeration, R37.6 validation, F34.9, 10 dew-point analysis, F23.10
drives, R3.2 verification, F34.9 dropwise, F4.8
Composite Index I.9
energy recovery equipment, S25.7 heat transfer, S38.2 vapors, flammable, F12.17
film, F4.8 liquid subcooling, S38.5 volatile organic compounds (VOC),
heat transfer coefficients, F4.9 maintenance, S38.7 F12.10
interstitial, and drying, F23.10 noncondensable gases, S38.6 health effects, F9.8
noncondensable gases, F4.10 pressure drop, S38.4 total (TVOC), F12.11
with oil, F4.11 standards, S38.7 indoor, concentration prediction, F34.16
oil-fired appliances, S34.21 types, S38.5 organism destruction, R12.4
prevention, F24.4 Conductance, thermal, F3.18; F23.1 particulate
dehumidification for, S23.10 Conduction aerosols, S28.1
surface, F23.10 display cases, R46.4 animal environments, F10.4
in tubes, F4.10 steady-state, F3.2 asbestos, F9.5
visible, S21.2 thermal, F3.1, 2 classification, F12.1
Condensers, S38 Conductivity, thermal, F23.1 collection mechanisms, S28.2; S29.10, 15
air conditioners, room, S49.2 apparent, F23.1 combustion, F18.13
air-cooled, R46.16; S38.8 of thermal insulation, F23.14 dusts, S28.1
control, S38 foods, R9.9 combustible, F12.18
air-side, S38.11 soils, F25.13 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),
low-pressure-drop, S38.11 Constant air volume (CAV) F12.2
refrigerant-side, S38.11 control, A41.2 fogs, F12.1, 3
installation, S38.12 supply air temperature reset, A41.27 fumes, F12.1
machine room, R46.17 versus variable-air-volume (VAV), A14.12 measurement, F14.32
maintenance, S38.12 Constant-volume, all-air systems mists, F12.1, 3
noise, R46.18 dual-duct, S4.12 pollen, F12.6
rating, S38.11 single-duct, S4.10 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC),
remote from compressor, R46.17 terminal units, S4.16 F9.6

types, S38.8 Construction. (See also Building envelopes) radioactive, F12.18
ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.2 curtain wall, F31.5 size distribution, F12.4
horizontal shell-and-tube, R3.15 glass block wall, F31.40 smogs, F12.1, 3
parallel horizontal shell-and-tube, in integrated building design, A57.7, 8 smokes, F12.1
R3.15 wood frame, F24.1 suspended particles, counters, F12.5
piping, R3.14 Containers. (See also Cargo containers) synthetic vitreous fibers, F9.5
cascade, R43.1 air transport, R32.2 refrigerant systems, R6.1
chemical industry refrigeration, R37.6 marine transport, R31.2 dirt, R6.6
in chillers, S42.6, 8, 13 Contaminants field assembly, R6.8
circuiting, S38.5 clean spaces, A16.3, 8 filter-driers, R6.6
evaporative, R46.17; S38.13 food, R12.1 generation by high temperature, R5.8
airflow, S38.15 gaseous, F12.1 lubricants, R6.7
capacity control, S38.17 animal environments, F10.4 metallic, R6.6
codes, S38.18 combustion, F18.13; S29.27 moisture, R6.1
coils, S38.14 concentration, indoor, measurement, motor burnout, R6.8
desuperheating, S38.16 A45.4 noncondensable gases, R6.7
wetting method, S38.15 control, A45.5; F12.14 residual cleaning agents, R6.7
freeze prevention, S38.15 adsorption, A45.5; S29.24 sludge, tars, and wax, R6.7
heat transfer, S38.13 catalysis, A45.7 solvents, R6.7
liquid subcoolers, S38.17 chemisorption, A45.6 special system characteristics, R6.9
location, R3.15; S38.15 desiccant dehumidification, S23.10 textile processing, A19.7
maintenance, S38.18 dilution ventilation, A45.5 Continuity, fluid dynamics, F2.2
multicircuiting with liquid coolers, hoods and local exhaust, A45.5 Control. (See also Controls, automatic and
S38.17 incineration, S29.27 Supervisory control)
multiple-condenser installations, source elimination, A45.5 absorption units, R41.6, 9
S38.16 wet-packed scrubbers, S29.18 air-cooled condensers, S38.11
purging, S38.18 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), aircraft cabin pressure, A10.6, 8
rating, S38.16 F12.2 air-handling systems, A41.26; A46.9
standards, S38.18 flammable, F12.17 all-air systems, S4.17
water, S38.17 indoor air, F12.15 authority, F15.6
halocarbon refrigeration systems industrial, F12.15 automobile air conditioning, A9.8
air-cooled, R2.33 inorganic, F12.13 biological growth, A48.5
evaporative, R2.32 measurement, A45.4; F12.9; F14.31 boilers, A46.1; S31.6
piping, R2.23 nuclear facilities, A26.3, 5, 7 building pressurization, A46.8
pressure control, R2.32 odors, F13.1 burners, S30.19
water, R2.32 outdoor air, F12.15 bus terminal ventilation, A13.24
retail food store refrigeration, R46.16 ozone, A45.12 central air conditioning, A41.1
water-cooled, S38.1 plant environments, F10.20 chemical plants, R37.3
circuiting, S38.5 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), chilled-water pumps, A41.6, 16, 17
codes, S38.7 F9.6 chillers, A41.20
Darcy-Weisbach equation, S38.4 radioactive, F12.18 clean spaces, noise and vibration, A16.17
fouling factor, S38.4 radon, A45.12; F9.16 combustion turbines, S7.22
heat removal, S13.1, S38.1 soil gases, F12.19 components, F15.4
condensers, S38 smoke, A52.1 actuator mounting, F15.7
evaporative, S38.17 snow-melting systems, A50.10 actuators, F15.6
cooling, S6.20 solar energy, A33.13, 24, 26; S36.16 types, F15.6
coils, A46.7; S22.3 differential temperature controller, S36.16 devices
tower fans, A41.12, 16 hot-water dump, S36.17 dampers, 6
towers, A46.5 overtemperature protection, S36.17 positive positioners, F15.7
corrosion, A48.2, 9 sound, A47.1, 44; F7.15 direct digital (DDC), A37.16; F15.4, 9, 17
dehumidifying coils, S22.3 insulation, F23.17 energy sources, F15.4
design principles static pressure explosive atmospheres, A46.20
building and mechanical subdivision, limit control, A46.21 extraordinary incidents, A46.21
A46.21 variable flow rates, A46.8 feedback (closed loop), F15.1
controlled area size, A46.23 steam systems, S10.13 fuzzy logic, F15.3
energy conservation, A46.21 thermal, F23 mobile applications, A46.20
load matching, A46.23 in insulation, F24.1 modeling, F32.23
sensor location, A46.23 storage systems, A34.23; A41.29; S50.23 modulating, F15.2
system selection, A46.22 unit heaters, S27.7 open loop, F15.1
economizers, A46.2, 12 unit ventilators, A46.17; S27.3 positive positioners, F15.7
electric heating slabs, S6.20 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A41.2; proportional-integral-derivative (PID), F15.3
energy recovery equipment, S25.7, 11 A46.7 proportional-only (P), F15.2
engines, S7.15 vibration, A47.38 proportional plus integral (PI), F15.3
fans, A46.7; S20.9 zone systems, A46.19 refrigerant flow, R44.1
air volume, S44.8 zone valves, S10.13 safety, A46.20
fire, A52.1 Controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage sensors, F15.7, 9; R44.4
fixed-guideway vehicle air conditioning, apples, R22.3 switches, R44.1
A9.18 apricots, R22.13 systems, F15.1

forced-air systems, small, S9.3 berries, R22.13 terminology, F15.1
furnaces, S32.2, 5 cherries, sweet, R22.12 testing, A37.16
gaseous contaminants, A45.1 figs, R22.13 transducers, pressure, R44.4
heaters, S33.2, 4 grapes, R22.8 tuning, F15.3, 16, 17
infrared, S15.4 nectarines, R22.12 two-position, F15.2
heating coils, A46.2 peaches, R22.12 valves, F15.4
heat pumps, A46.16; S48.10 pears, R22.6, 7 actuators, F15.5
heat recovery systems, S8.18 plums, R22.11 flow characteristics, F15.5
heat timers, S10.13 refrigerated facilities, R14.3 selection and sizing, F15.5
humidifiers, S21.7 strawberries, R22.13 Convection
humidity, A46.13; S21.1; S23.1 vegetables, R24.6 and heat transfer, with insulation, F23.16
hydronic heating systems, A46.20; S12.13; Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and flow, fully developed turbulent, F3.14
S14.8 plant growth, A22.16 forced, F3.13
justice facilities, A8.3 Controls, automatic, F15. (See also Control) condensation in tubes, F4.8
kitchen ventilation, A31.27 authority, F15.6 evaporation in tubes, F4.4
laboratory systems, A14.12 classification, F15.4 equations, F4.6, 9
liquid chillers, S42.4, 7, 11, 14 closed loop (feedback), F15.1 laminar, F3.13
low-temperature, R3.6 commissioning, F15.16 transition region, F3.14
makeup air units, A46.18; S27.9 components turbulent, F3.13
moisture, in insulation, F23; F24 auxiliary, F15.10 free, F3.16
motors, S44.5, 6 controlled devices mass, F5.4
protection, S44.6 actuator, F15.4 natural, F3.16; F4.1
noise and vibration, S7.15 dampers, F15.4 steam heating systems, S10.11
nuclear facilities, A26.5 operator, F15.4 thermal, F3.2
optimization, A41.1 valves, F15.4 Convectors
outdoor air quantity, A46.10 controllers application, S35.5
paper moisture content, A18.2 direct digital (DDC), F15.9, 17 design effects, S35.3
parking garage ventilation, A13.18 static pressure, A46.8, 21 heat-distributing unit, S35.1
photographic materials processing, thermostats, F15.10 nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3
A20.3 sensors, F15.7 rating, S35.2
pipe-tracing systems, A50.20 flow rate, F15.9 Convention centers, A4.5
plant growth chambers, A22.17 humidity (hygrometers), F15.8 Conversion factors, F38
processes, A45.5 indoor air quality, F15.9 Coolants, secondary
radiant panels, A46.4; S6.19 lighting level, F15.9 brines
radioactivity, A26.7 location, A46.23 corrosion inhibition, A48.10; F21.4
rail car air conditioning, A9.17 power sensing and transmission, F15.9 properties, F21.1
refrigerant flow, R44.1 pressure, F15.9 calcium chloride solutions, F21.1
residential heating and cooling, A1.5 temperature, F15.8 d-limonene, F21.13
road tunnel ventilation, A13.9 transducers, electronic-to-pneumatic ethylene glycol, F21.4
scale, A48.4 (E/P), F15.12 halocarbons, F21.12
ship air conditioning computers, A39.14; F15.4 inhibited glycols
merchant, A11.3 control action types, F15.2, 3, 16 corrosion inhibition, F21.5
naval surface, A11.4 dampers, F15.6 ethylene, F21.4
Composite Index I.11
propylene, F21.4 heat balance, F30.2 winter operation, S39.10
service considerations, F21.10 conduction transfer functions, F30.18 inspections, S39.13
low-temperature refrigeration, R39.11 heat gain Cool storage, A34.1; S50.1
nonhalocarbon nonaqueous fluids, F21.13 fenestration, F30.13 COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP)
polydimethylsiloxane, F21.13 sol-air temperature, F30.22 Corn
propylene glycol, F21.4 heat sources, F30.3 drying, A23.1; F11.12
refrigeration systems, R4.1 radiant time series (RTS), F30.2, 20, 23 fungi, F11.2
sodium chloride solutions, F21.1 sol-air temperature, F30.22 Correctional facilities. See Justice facilities
Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) refrigeration, S5.11 Corrosion
beverage, R26.11 residential calculations brines, F21.4
cryocoolers, R38.11 block load, F29.8 in combustion systems, F18.16
forced-circulation air, R42.1 residential heat balance (RHB) method, concentration cell corrosion, A48.2
installation and operation, R42.6 F29.2 contributing factors, A48.2
liquid (See also Evaporators) residential load factor (RLF) method, control, A48.2, 3, 9
Baudelot, S41.2 F29.2 in boilers, A48.10
brazed (semiwelded) plate, S41.2 Cooling load temperature differential method cathodic protection, A48.4
in chillers, S42.6, 8, 13 with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF), buried pipe, S11.24
evaporative, with evaporative condensers, F30.45 in cooling towers, A48.4
S38.17 Cooling towers, S39 cycles of concentration, A48.3
flooded, S41.2 approach to wet bulb, S39.1 in geothermal energy systems, A32.6
freeze prevention, S41.5 capacity control, S39.2 inhibitors, A48.3
heat transfer, S41 airflow, A41.13 materials selection, A48.3
coefficients, S41.3 fan cycling, S39.8 passivation, A48.4
fouling factor, S41.4 fan sequencing, A41.13 protective coatings, A48.3
maintenance, S41.6 flow modulation, A41.8 in steam and condensate systems, A48.11
oil return, S41.6 two-speed fans, S39.8 energy recovery equipment, S25.7
piping, R2.25, 26 variable-frequency fan drives, S39.8 inhibited glycols, F21.5
pressure drop, S41.4 variable- vs. fixed-speed fans, A41.8 under insulation, F26.5
refrigerant flow control, S41.5 construction materials, S39.7 microorganism influence, A48.2, 5
residential, A1.4 design conditions, S39.2 oil-fired appliances, S34.22
shell-and-tube, S41.1 drift, S39.11 oxygen corrosion, A48.2, 11
tube-in-tube, S41.1 eliminators, S39.11, 12 secondary coolant systems, R4.5
vessel design requirements, S41.4 economics, S39.7 service water systems, A49.8
retail food store, R46.1 fill, S39.3 types, A48.2
walk-in, R46.12; R47.3 fogging, S39.11 white rust, A48.4
water, R26.11 free cooling, S39.10 Costs. (See also Economics)
Cooling. (See also Air conditioning) freeze protection, S13.3; S39.10 all-air systems, S4.3
absorption equipment, R41.1 heat and mass simultaneous transfer, F5.12 analysis period, A36.2
animal environments, A22.4 indirect evaporative coolers, S13.3; S40.5 economic analysis techniques
bakery products, R28.4 inspections, S39.11 computer analysis, A36.11
concrete Legionella pneumophila, S39.12, 13 life-cycle cost analyses, A36.9
active systems, R36.5 maintenance, S39.11 present value (worth), A36.9
air blast, R36.2 model, F32.17 simple payback, A36.9
chilled water, R36.1 number of transfer units (NTU), S39.16 energy, A36.4, 9
embedded coils, R36.1 performance financing alternatives, A36.8
inundation, R36.2 curves, S39.13 inflation, A36.10
passive, R36.4 monitoring, S39.11 interest and discount rate, A36.3
controls, S6.20 thermal, S39.15 laboratory systems, A14.19
foods and beverages, time calculations, R10.1 tower coefficients, S39.17 life-cycle, A36.11
fruits and vegetables piping, S13.2; S39.8 energy recovery equipment, S25.12, 16,
evaporative, R15.8 plumes, S39.11 22
forced-air, R15.6 principle of operation, S39.1 operation and maintenance, A38.2
hydrocooling, R15.3 recommissioning, A48.8 piping insulation, S11.17
load calculation, R15.1 selection, S39.7 maintenance, A36.6
package icing, R15.8 shutdown, A48.9 operating
vacuum cooling, R15.9 siting, S39.7 actual, A36.4
geothermal energy systems, A32.9 sound, attenuators, S39.10 electrical energy, A36.4
greenhouses, A22.12 start-up, A48.8 natural gas, A36.6
radiant panel systems, S6.1 testing, A37.15; S39.15 other fuels, A36.6
radiative, A33.17 theory, S39.15 snow-melting systems, A50.8, 10
solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 counterflow integration, S39.16 owning
water systems, S12.1, 17, 18 cross-flow integration, S39.17 initial cost, A36.1
dynamometers, A15.4 heat and mass transfer, S39.15 insurance, A36.4
Cooling load types, S3.5 taxes, A36.4
calculations, F29; F30 direct contact, S39.5 periodic, A36.4
central plant, S3.2 indirect contact, S39.2, 6 refrigerant phaseout, A36.8
coil, F30.2 open systems, S13.1 Cotton, drying, A23.8; F11.12
nonresidential, F30.1, 15 water treatment, A48.4, 8, 9; S13.2; S39.13 Courthouses, A8.4
Courtrooms, A8.4 natural gas processing, R38.18 pressure drop, F2.7; F36.1
CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride properties water-cooled condensers, S38.4
(CPVC) electrical, R38.5 water systems, S43.4
Crawlspaces magnetic, R38.5 Data-driven modeling
heat loss, F29.13 mechanical, R38.6 black-box, F32.24
insulation, A43.1 thermal, R38.3 calibrated simulation, F32.25
moisture control, F24.10 purification of gases, R38.19 empirical, F32.24
vented vs. unvented, A43.1 recovery of gases, R38.17, 18 examples, F32.30
wall insulation, A43.2 separation of gases, Gibbs phase rule, gray-box, F32.25
Critical spaces R38.16 neural network, F32.30
forensic labs, A8.6 staging, R38.15 steady-state, F32.25
justice facilities, A8.3 Stirling cycle, R38.14 Data processing areas
Crops. See Farm crops storage systems, R38.26 air-conditioning systems, A17.1
Cryogenics, R38 transfer systems, R38.27 humidification; S21.1
biomedical applications CTIC. See Combustion turbine inlet cooling codes, standards, and guidelines, A17.15
cryomicroscopy, R40.6 (CTIC) design criteria, A17.1
cryopreservation, R40.1 Curtain walls, F31.5 Daylighting
cryoprotective agents, R40.2 Cycloparaffins, R7.2 interior building illumination, F31.56
cryosurgery, R40.7 Dairy products, R20 light transmittance, F31.58
induced hypothermia, R40.7 aseptic packaging, R20.20 solar radiation, F31.1
refrigeration, R40.1 butter Defrosting
specimen preparation, R40.6 manufacture, R20.6 air coolers, forced-circulation, R42.4
Brayton cycle, R38.11 refrigeration load, R20.9 air-source heat pump coils, S8.7, 8; S48.9
cascade cycle, R38.8 buttermilk, R20.5 ammonia liquid recirculation systems, R3.22
Claude cycle, R38.8 cheese household refrigerators and freezers, R48.6

cryobiological, R40.8 cheese room refrigeration, R20.13 meat coolers, R17.2
cryocoolers manufacture, R20.10 retail food store refrigerators, R46.19
recuperative cream, R20.5 Degree-day method, F32.17
Brayton, R38.12 display refrigerators, R46.6 variable-base, F32.19
Joule-Thomson, R38.11 ice cream Dehumidification, A46.13; S23
Kleemenko, R38.13 freezing, R20.16 absorption, S23.10
regenerative hardening, R20.17 adsorption, S23.10
Gifford-McMahon, R38.16 milkfat content, R20.13 air washers, S40.8
orifice pulse tube, R38.14 mix preparation, R20.15 all-air systems, S4.5
Stirling, R38.14 refrigeration desiccant, S23.1
cryopumping, R38.1 equipment, R20.19 applications, S23.1, 8
equipment requirements, R20.16 air-conditioning systems, S23.10
coiled-tube exchanger, R38.21 milk condensation prevention, S23.10
compressors, R38.20 dry, R20.22 gaseous contaminant control, S23.10
expansion devices, R38.20 evaporated, R20.22 industrial processes, S23.8
heat exchangers, R38.21 fresh materials storage, S23.8
regenerators, R38.22 processing, R20.2 testing, S23.10, 11
systems, R38.20 production, R20.1 ventilation air preconditioning, S23.8
turboalternators, R38.21 storage, R20.4 capacity, S23.2
turboexpanders, R38.21 sweetened condensed, R20.22 equipment, S23.3
fluids thermal properties, R9.1 high-pressure, S23.10
cold burns, R38.28 UHT sterilization, R20.19 liquid, F22.3
flammability, R38.29 yogurt, R20.5 solid, F22.4
storage vessels, R38.26 Dampers evaporative cooling, A51.2; S40.8
transfer, R38.27 air outlet, S19.4, 4, 6, 7 performance factor, S40.8
freezers, industrial, R16.5 balancing residential, A1.5
hazards, R38.28 in constant-volume systems, F35.19 Dehumidifiers
Heylandt cycle, R38.8 in VAV systems, F35.19 desiccant, S23
instrumentation, R38.27 controls, automatic, F15.6, 6 capacity, S23.2
insulation fire and smoke control, A52.8 commissioning, S23.8
low-temperature, R38.23 furnaces, S32.2, 9 high-pressure, S23.10
selection (table), R38.26 opposed-blade, S4.7, S19.4, 7 liquid, S23.3
thermal conductivity (table), R38.24 outdoor air, A46.10 operation, S23.7
isenthalpic expansion, R38.6 parallel-blade, S4.8, S19.4, 7 rotary solid, S23.4
isentropic expansion, R38.7 return air, S4.7 solid, S23.4
Joule-Thomson cycle, R38.6 sound control, A47.8 ice rinks, S24.6
Kleemenko cycle, R38.13 splitter, S19.7 indoor swimming pool, S24.4
Linde cycle, R38.6 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.32 makeup air treatment, S24.3
liquefaction vent, S34.30 mechanical, S24.1
balanced flow condition, R38.6 Dams, concrete cooling, R36.1 components, S24.2
of gases, R38.6 Darcy equation, F35.6 psychrometrics, S24.1
liquid-level sensors, R38.27 Darcy-Weisbach equation types, S24.2
mixed refrigerant cycle, R38.8 ductwork sectional losses, F35.12 wraparound heat exchangers, S24.7
Dehydration equipment, S11.3 Dryers. (See also Driers)
farm crops, A23.1; F11.1 heating medium, S11.3 commercial and industrial
industrial systems for, A28.1 thermal storage, S11.4 adsorption, S23.10, 11
of eggs, R21.11 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.44 agitated-bed, A28.6
refrigeration systems, R45.1 components, S11.1 calculations, A28.2
Density consumer interconnections conduction, A28.3
fluids, F2.1 chilled water, S11.4, 19, 32 constant-moisture solvent, A28.6
modeling, R9.6 components, S11.28 convection, A28.4
Dental facilities, A7.14 direct connection, S11.27 dielectric, A28.4
Desiccants, F22.1; S23.1 flow control, S11.29 drying time determination, A28.1
adsorption, S23.1 hot water, S11.31 flash, A28.6
cosorption of water vapor and air indirect, with heat exchangers, S11.28 fluidized-bed, A28.6
contaminants, F22.5 steam, S11.19, 30 freeze drying, A28.6
dehumidification, S23.1 temperature differential control, S11.33 mechanism, A28.1
glycols, S23.2 costs, A36.9 microwave, A28.4
isotherms, F22.5 distribution system psychrometrics, A28.1
life, F22.5 aboveground systems, S11.18, 19 radiant infrared, A28.3
liquid, S23.2, 3 condensate drainage and return, S11.7, 19 selection, A28.3
lithium chloride, S23.2 conduits, S11.22, 24 superheated vapor, A28.6
materials, F22.1 constant-flow, S11.5 tunnel, A28.5
refrigerant systems, R6.5 construction, S11.18 ultraviolet (UV), A28.3
equilibrium curves, R6.4 entry pits, S11.25 vacuum drying, A28.6
moisture, R6.3 hydraulic design, S11.6 desiccant, high-pressure, S23.10
types insulation farm crops, A23.1
liquid absorbents, F22.3 economical thickness, S11.17 Drying

solid adsorbents, F22.4 pipe, S11.8, 17, 21 air, S23.11
wheel, S23.4 pipe, S11.7 desiccant, high-pressure, S23.10, 11
Desuperheaters thermal design conditions, S11.8 dew point control, S23.11
air conditioners, unitary, S48.4 underground systems, S11.20 farm crops, A23.1; F11.1
in ammonia refrigeration, R3.3 valve vaults, S11.25 gases, S23.11
condensers, evaporative, S38.16 variable-flow, S11.5 DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW)
heat pumps, unitary, S48.4 water hammer, S11.7 system
Dew-point analysis, F23.12 economics, S11.2 Dual-duct systems
Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R38.5 geothermal heating systems, A32.8 all-air systems, S4.12
Diesel fuel, F18.6 heating conversion to, S11.32 control, A46.19
Diffusers, air, sound control, A47.8 heat transfer analysis, S11.9 terminal boxes, A46.16
Diffusion ground to air, S11.11 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.4
coefficient, F5.2 pipes in Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S12.1
eddy, F5.6 air, S11.17 DuBois equation, F8.3
moisture flow, F23.7 buried trenches or tunnels, S11.15 Duct design
molecular, F5.1 shallow trenches, S11.16 all-air systems, S4.10
space air, F33.1 single buried pipe, S11.11 Bernoulli equation, F35.1
Diffusivity soil temperature calculation, S11.10 commercial, small applications, S9.10
thermal, F23.1 two pipes buried, S11.13 computer analysis, A39.6
of foods, R9.17 metering, S11.33 Darcy equation, F35.6
water vapor, F23.2 pressure losses, S11.7 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F35.12
Dilution thermal storage, A34.7, 17; S11.4; S50.7, 17 design considerations
exhaust, F16.10 water systems, S11.1 space pressure relationships, F35.14
smoke, A52.4 d-limonene, F21.13 velocities for HVAC components, F35.16
ventilation, A29.2; A45.5 DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS) duct fitting database, F35.11
Dimensionless variables, F3.14 Docks, ship, A3.10 dynamic losses
Dining halls, in justice facilities, A8.4 Doors, U-factors, F25.12; F31.11 duct fitting database, F35.11
DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR) Dormitories local loss coefficients, F35.9
Direct digital control (DDC), F15.4, 9 air conditioning, A5.8 fan-system interface, F35.12
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence design criteria, A5.1 fire safety, F35.14
modeling, F34.4 energy systems, A5.1 fitting loss coefficients
Dirty bombs. See Chemical, biological, load characteristics, A5.1 duct fitting database, F35.11
radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents service water heating, A49.12, 15, 19 flexible ducts, F35.12
Discharge coefficients, in fluid flow, F2.9 Draft tables, F35.27–66
Dispersive infrared (DIR), F15.8 burners, S30.1, S30.14 friction losses, F35.6
Display cases, R46.1, 4 chimney, S34.1 head, F35.2
District heating and cooling, S11 available, S34.1, 3 industrial exhaust systems, F35.19; S29.28
applicability, S11.1 theoretical, S34.2, 3 insulation, F35.14
central plants comfort affected by, F8.13 leakage, F35.14
boiler, S11.3 cooling towers, S39.3, 5 methods, F35.17
chiller, A46.4; S11.1, 4 Drag, in fluid flow, F2.5 noise, F35.17
distribution design, S11.5 Driers, R6.6. (See also Dryers) pressure, F35.2
emission control, S11.4 Drip station, steam systems, S11.7 residential, S9.8
roughness factors, F35.7 computer analysis, A36.11 EIFS. See Exterior insulation finishing system
smoke management, F35.14 life-cycle cost analyses, A36.9 (EIFS)
stack effect, F35.2 present value (worth), A36.10 Electricity
testing, adjusting, and balancing, F35.17 simple payback, A36.9 billing rates, A55.12
Ducts Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), codes, A55.15
acoustical lining, A47.15; S18.4 S7.50 costs, A36.4, 9
in hospitals, A7.13 Economics. (See also Costs) generation, on-site, A36.9
airflow measurement in, A37.2 district heating and cooling, S11.2 imbalance, S44.1
antimicrobial, S18.5 energy management planning, A35.2 motor starting, A55.5; S44.7
classifications, S18.1 energy recovery equipment, S25.22 performance, A55.1
cleaning, S18.2 evaporative cooling, A51.15, 17 power quality variations, A55.7
construction indoor gaseous contaminant control, A45.13 principles, A55.2
codes, S18.1 insulation thickness, pipe, S11.17 safety, A55.1
commercial, S18.2 laboratory systems, A14.19 voltage, A55.1
acoustical treatment, S18.4 owning and operating costs, A36.1 Electric thermal storage (ETS), A34.12; S50.12
hangers, S18.4 Economizers Electrostatic precipitators, S28.7; S29.7
materials, S18.2 compressors, single-screw, S37.16 Elevators, smoke control, A52.11
plenums and apparatus casings, S18.4 control, A41.26 Emissions, pollution, F18.6
industrial, S18.4 humidification load calculation, S21.3 Emissivity, F3.2, 8
hangers, S18.5 kitchen ventilation, A31.21 Emittance, thermal, F23.2
materials, S18.4 water-side, S2.3 Enclosed vehicular facilities, A13
kitchen exhaust, S18.5 ECOP. See Economic coefficient of Energy
master specifications, S18.6 performance (ECOP) audit, A35.9
outdoor ducts, S18.6 ECS. See Environmental control system (ECS) costs, A36.4
residential, S18.2 Eddy diffusivity, F5.6 emergency use reduction, A35.17

seismic qualification, S18.6 Educational facilities, A6 field survey audit, A37.17
sheet metal welding, S18.6 air conditioning, A6.1 forecasting building needs, A41.31
standards, S18.1 service water heating, A49.21 savings verification, A40.2
commercial, S18.2 EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER) wheels, S25.10
industrial, S18.4 Effectiveness, heat transfer, F3.28 Energy balance
residential, S18.2 Effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2 comfort, F8.2, 16
thermal insulation, S18.6 Efficiency refrigeration systems, R43.3
underground, S18.6 air conditioners Energy conservation, F17.2
desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 room, S49.2 air conditioners, room, S49.3
efficiency testing, S9.11 unitary, S48.5 building envelopes, A43.1
fabric, S18.5 boilers, S31.5 building supervisory control, A41.1
fibrous glass, S18.3 combustion, F18.12 clean spaces, A16.16
flat oval, F35.9; S18.3 compressors educational facilities, A6.1, 2
flexible, S18.3 centrifugal, S37.32 farm crop drying, A23.3
fluid flow, F2.1 positive-displacement, S37.3 greenhouses, A22.15
forced-air systems, small, S9.2, 8 reciprocating, S37.8 hospitals, A7.13
friction chart, F35.7 rotary, S37.12 industrial environments, A29.6
industrial exhaust systems, A30.5 scroll, S37.26 infrared heaters, S15.1
insulation, F24.15; F26.11; F35.14 single-screw, S37.18 kitchen ventilation, A31.21
leakage, F35.14; S18.2 fins, F3.24 pumps, centrifugal, S43.13
noise in, A47.7 forced-air systems, small, S9.11 refrigerators‚ commercial, R47.7
noncircular, F35.9 furnaces, S9.12, 9 temperature and ventilation control, A46.21
plastic, S18.5 heat pumps, unitary, S48.5 textile processing, A19.7
rectangular, F35.9; S18.2, 5 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.3 thermal insulation, F26.1
road tunnels, A13.8 infrared heaters, S15.3 Energy consumption
roughness factors, F35.7 motors, S44.2 benchmarking, A35.7
round, S18.2, 4 pumps, centrifugal, S43.6 building HVAC, control effect on, A41.7
security concerns, A58.6 refrigerating, F1.3 in buildings, F17.3
ships, A11.3 Eggs, R21 emergency reduction, A35.17
sound composition, R21.1 gaseous contaminant control, A45.13
attenuation, A47.12 dehydration, R21.11 humidifiers, S21.3
control, F7.13 processing plant sanitation, R21.12 United States
transmission, A47.20 products, R21.9 per capita end-use, F17.10
velocity measurement in, F14.17 shell eggs projections, F17.10
vibration control, A47.46 packaging, R21.8 world, F17.8
Dust mites, F23.5 processing, R21.5 Energy efficiency, F17.2
Dusts, S28.1 refrigeration, R21.5 in commercial and food service refrigerators,
indoor environmental health, F9.4 spoilage prevention, R21.4 R47.7
synthetic, S28.2 storage, R21.8 design, F17.2
Dynamometers, A15.1 structure, R21.1 Energy efficiency ratio (EER), S49.2
Earth, stabilization, R36.3, 4 transportation, R21.8 Energy estimating, F32
Earthquakes, seismic restraint design, A54.1 storage, R21.1 analysis, F32.3
Economic analysis, A36 thermal properties, R9.1 application to cooling and dehumidifying
coils, F32.11 freeze prevention, S25.7 Enthalpy
degree-day and bin methods, F32.17 maintenance, S25.7, 11 calculation, F1.4
annual degree-day, F32.18 performance, S25.9 definition, F1.2
variable base, F32.19 pressure drop, S25.7 foods, R9.7
balance point temperature, F32.18 economic considerations, S25.22 recovery loop, twin-tower, S25.14
correlation, F32.22 effectiveness, S25.8 water vapor, F5.9
degree-day, F32.20 energy transfer, S25.4 wheels, S25.10
forecasting, A41.31 equipment Entropy, F1.1
general considerations, F32.1 coil energy recovery loops, S25.11 calculation, F1.4
integration of systems, F32.23 devices, S25.1 Environmental control
models, F32.1 heat pipe heat exchangers, S25.12 animals. See Animal environments
monthly degree-day, F32.20 rating, S25.9 humans. See Comfort
seasonal efficiency of furnaces, F32.19 rotary energy exchangers, S25.10 plants. See Plant environments
simulating, F32.23 runaround loops, S25.11 retail food stores
software selection, F32.3 thermosiphon (two-phase) heat equipment and control, R46.21
Energy management, A35 exchangers, S25.14 store ambient effect, R46.3
cost control, A35.11, 13 twin-tower enthalpy recovery loops, Environmental control system (ECS), A10
emergency energy use reduction, A35.17 S25.14 Environmental health, F9
energy audits, A35.9 evaporative cooling, indirect, S25.21; S40.4 background, F9.1
energy conservation opportunity (ECO), precooling air reheater, S25.22 biostatistics, F9.2
comparing, A35.14 in chemical industry, R37.4 cellular biology, F9.2
implementation, A35.17 industrial environments, A29.6 dusts, F9.4
improving discretionary operations, A35.11 Energy resources, F17 epidemiology, F9.2
resource evaluation, A35.2 demand-side management (DSM), F17.6 exposure, F9.6
Energy modeling, F32 integrated resource planning (IRP), F17.6 genetics, F9.3
calculating types, F17.1 indoor, F9.1
basements, F32.7 United States, F17.10 industrial hygiene, F9.3
effectiveness-NTU, F32.10 world, F17.7 microbiology/mycology, F9.3
slab foundations, F32.7 Energy savings performance contracting molecular biology, F9.3
space sensible loads, F32.3 (ESPC), A36.8 physical hazards
classical approach, F32.1 Energy use benchmarking, A40.9 electrical hazards, F9.13
data-driven approach, F32.1 Engines, S7 electromagnetic radiation, F9.15
data-driven models, F32.2, 24 air systems, compressed, S7.13 noise, F9.15
forward models, F32.1 applications thermal comfort, F9.11
general considerations, F32.1 centrifugal compressors, S7.46 diseases affected by, F9.12
in integrated building design, A57.4 heat pumps, S7.46 vibrations, F9.13
system controls, F32.23 reciprocating compressors, S7.45 standards, F9.9
Energy monitoring, A40 screw compressors, S7.46 toxicology, F9.3
applications continuous-duty standby, S7.4 Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
building diagnostics, A40.2 controls and instruments, S7.15 contaminants, A45.2
energy end use, A40.1 exhaust systems, S7.14 secondhand smoke, F12.17
performance monitoring, A40.3, 5 expansion engines, S7.31 sidestream smoke, F9.6
savings measurement and verification fuels, F18.6 superheated vapors, F12.2
(M&V), A40.2 cetane number, F18.7 Equipment vibration, A47.38; F7.19
specific technology assessment, A40.1 heating values; S7.11 ERF. See Effective radiant flux (ERF)
data selection, S7.10 ESPC. See Energy savings performance
acquisition, A40.11 heat recovery contracting (ESPC)
analysis, A40.6, 9 exhaust gas, S7.35 Ethylene glycol
measurement uncertainty, A40.12 jacket water, S7.34 coolants, secondary, F21.4
reporting, A40.6, 14 lubricant, S7.35 hydronic systems, S12.23
requirements, A40.7 reciprocating, S7.34 ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS);
verification, A40.5, 14 turbocharger, S7.35 Electric thermal storage (ETS)
design and implementation methodology, heat release, A15.1 Evaporation, in tubes
A40.6 jacket water system, S7.13 forced convection, F4.4
documentation, A40.7, 14 lubrication, S7.12 equations, F4.6
planning, A40.5, 14 noise control, S7.15 natural convection, F4.1
quality assurance, A40.5, 14 performance, S7.10 Evaporative coolers. (See also Refrigerators)
Energy production, world, F17.7 reciprocating, S7.9 liquid (See also Evaporators)
Energy recovery. (See also Heat recovery) vibration control, S7.15 in chillers, A1.4; S38.17; S42.5, 8, 13
air-to-air water-cooled, S7.13 Evaporative cooling, A51
applications, S25.1 Engine test facilities, A15 applications
design air conditioning, A15.1 air cleaning, A51.2; S40.8
condensation, S25.7 dynamometers, A15.1 animal environments, A22.4; A51.14
controls, S25.7, 11 exhaust, A15.2 combustion turbines, S7.21
corrosion, S25.7 noise levels, A15.4 commercial, A51.9
cross-contamination, S25.11 ventilation, A15.1, 4 dehumidification, A51.2; S40.8
filters, air, S25.7 Enhanced tubes. See Finned-tube heat transfer gas turbines, A51.13
fouling, S25.7 coils greenhouses, A22.13; A51.15
humidification, A51.2; S40.7 Exhibit buildings, temporary, A4.8 deep bed drying, F11.10
industrial Exhibit cases, A21.5, 16 dryeration, A23.4
air conditioning, A12.7 Exhibition centers, A4.5 drying, F11.8
area cooling, A51.12 smoke management, A52.12 airflow resistance, F11.9
process cooling, A51.13 Expansion joints and devices, S45.10 barley, F11.13
spot cooling, A51.12 bends, S45.11 combination, A23.4
laundries, A51.13 joints corn, A23.1; F11.12
makeup air pretreatment, S40.6 district heating and cooling, S11.18 cotton, A23.8; F11.12
motors, A51.12 packed, S45.13 deep-bed, A23.4; F11.10
power generation facilities, A51.13 packless, S45.13 energy conservation, A23.3
precooling, S40.6 loops, S45.11 equipment, A23.2
produce storage, A51.14 Expansion tanks, S11.4 full-bin, A23.5
residential, A51.9 hydronic systems, S14.4 grain, F11.12
wood and paper products facilities, closed, S12.4 hay, A23.7; F11.11
A51.13 diaphragm, S12.4 layer, A23.6
cooling towers, S39.1 expansion chamber, S12.4 peanuts, A23.8; F11.13
direct, A51.1, 2; S40.1 functions of, S12.4, 11 physiological factors, F11.1
economics, A51.15 open, S12.4 rice, A23.9; F11.13
entering air condition, A51.17 sizing equations, S12.5 seeds, F11.13
equipment secondary coolant systems, R4.3 shallow-layer, A23.3; F11.9
direct, S40.1 solar energy systems, A33.12 soybeans, A23.7; F11.13
indirect, S40.2 Explosions. See Chemical, biological, specific, A23.7
maintenance, S40.8 radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents tobacco, F11.14
two-stage, S40.5 Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS), wheat, F11.13
exhaust requirement, A51.10 A43.4 microbial growth, A23.1

heat recovery and, A51.7; S25.21; S40.4 Fairs, A4.8 recirculation, A23.3
indirect, A51.1, 3; S25.21; S40.2 Family courts, A8.3. (See also Juvenile storing, A23
psychrometrics, A51.1, 11, 16, 17 facilities) carbon dioxide, F11.3
staged Fan-coil units, S5.4 fungi, F11.2
booster refrigeration, A51.8, 16 capacity control, S5.6 growth, F11.6
two-stage (indirect/direct), A51.10, 16; maintenance, S5.6 grain aeration, A23.9; F11.11
S40.5 performance under varying load, S5.10 insects, F11.3, 8
water treatment, A48.9; S40.9 types, S5.5 moisture content, F11.1, 5
Legionella pneumophila, S40.9 ventilation, S5.5 moisture migration, A23.9; F11.2
Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid) wiring, S5.5 oxygen, F11.3
air conditioners, room, S49.2 Fans, S20 rodents, F11.8
ammonia refrigeration systems air conditioners, room, S49.2 temperature, F11.3
equipment, R3.2 all-air systems, S4.4, 6, 9 Faults, system
piping, R3.18 animal environments, A22.6 frequency and costs, A38.5
automobile air conditioning, A9.6, 11 control, A46.7; S20.9 reasons for detecting, A38.6
chemical industry refrigeration, R37.7 cooling tower capacity control, A41.12; S39.8 f-Chart method, sizing heating and cooling
flooded, F4.4 draft, S34.31 systems, A33.20
halocarbon refrigeration systems, piping, duct system interface, F35.12 Fenestration. (See also Windows)
R2.28 fixed- vs. variable-speed, A41.8 air leakage, F31.55
liquid overfeed systems, R1.5 flow control, S20.9; S44.8 attachments, F31.42
Exfiltration, F27.1 furnaces, S32.2 building envelopes, A43.6; F31.1
Exhaust industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 codes, F31.64
animal buildings, A22.6 isolation, S20.9 components, F31.1
clean spaces, A16.14, 16 kitchen exhaust, A31.12 condensation resistance, F31.60
engines laws, S20.4 cooling load, F30.13
heat recovery, S7.35 operating principles, S20.1 draperies, F31.47
installation recommendations, S7.14 parallel operation, S20.7 durability, F31.64
engine test facilities, A15.2 plenum, S20.1 energy flow, F31.3
industrial environments, A12.8; A30.1 plug, S20.1 energy performance, annual, F31.59
kitchens, A31.9, 28 pressure relationships, S20.5 exterior shading, F31.44
laboratories, A14.3, 9 effect of duct system on, S20.6 glazing (glass), F31.1
stack height, A14.13 rating, S20.4 infiltration, A43.6
photographic processing areas, A20.3 selection, A47.5; S20.7 interior shading, F31.47
stacks ships, naval surface, A11.4 occupant comfort, F31.62
buildings, A44.1 sound level, A47.3; S20.8 opaque elements, F31.41
design strategies, A44.1 system effects, S20.7 shading devices, F31.42
exhaust dilution prediction equations, testing, S20.4 solar angle, F31.15
A44.10 types, S20.1 solar heat gain, A43.6; F31.13, 36
exhaust velocity, A44.1 unstable operation, A46.10 standards, F31.64
industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 variable- vs. fixed-speed, A41.8 thermal radiation, F31.34
location relative to air intake, A44.2 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.31 U-factors, F31.4, 6
wake downwash, A44.2 Farm crops Fick’s law, F5.1
vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.35 aeration, A23.4, 9; F11.11 and moisture flow, F23.7
Filters, air, S28. (See also Air cleaners) Fitness facilities. (See also Gymnasiums) patterns, F2.4
air conditioners, room, S49.4 in justice facilities, A8.5 pipe friction, F2.7
aircraft, A10.4, 9 Fittings properties, F2.1
clean spaces, A16.3, 8, 11 duct fitting database, F35.11 Reynolds number, Re, F2.3
demisters, A26.7 effective length, F2.9 section change losses, F2.7
desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.10 sensors, F15.9
dry, extended surface, S28.6 loss coefficients, F2.8 separation, F2.4
electronic, S28.5, 7 local, F35.9 turbulent, F2.3
furnaces, S32.2 pipe two-phase
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, sizing, F36.1, 8 boiling, F4.1
A26.3; S28.3, 5, 7; S29.2 standards, S45.2 condensation, F4.8
tests, S28.3 tees, F36.8 evaporation, F4.2, 4
hospitals, A7.2 Fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 (See also Mass- pressure drop, F4.11
industrial air-conditioning, A12.7 transit systems) unsteady, F2.11
industrial exhaust gas Fixture units, A49.1, 23; F36.9 valve losses, F2.7, 9
fabric, S29.10 Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, F18.1 vena contracta, F2.4
granular bed, S29.14 Flash tank, steam systems, S10.14 wall friction, F2.3
installation, S28.9 Floors Food. (See also specific foods)
kitchens, A31.3, 9 coverings codes, R46.2
laboratories, A14.9 panel systems, S6.7 cooling and freezing times, R10.1
maintenance, S28.8 temperature comfort, F8.15 cooling, R10.1
nuclear facilities, A26.3, 7 insulation, F24.2 equivalent heat transfer dimensionality,
panel, S28.6 acoustic, F23.17 R10.4
places of assembly, A4.1 moisture control, F24.10 estimating algorithms, R10.5
printing plants, A18.4 slabs, heat loss, F29.12 irregular shapes, R10.3
renewable media, moving-curtain, S28.7 Flowers, cut slabs, cylinders, and spheres, R10.2
residential, A1.5 air transport, R32.1, 3 freezing
safety requirements, S28.12 cooling, R15.11 estimating algorithms, R10.12
selection, S28.8 refigerators, R47.3 geometric considerations
ships, A11.4 storage, temperatures, R11.12 equivalent heat transfer
standards, S28.3, 5 Flowmeters, A37.12; F14.17 dimensionality, R10.9
test methods, S28.2 bypass spring impact meters, A37.13 equivalent sphere diameter,
types, S28.6 devices, A37.12 R10.12
ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, district heating and cooling systems, S11.33 mean conducting path, R10.12
S28.5, 7; S29.2 flow nozzles, F14.20 phase change, R10.8
viscous impingement, S28.6, 7 hoods, F14.18 Plank’s equation, R10.7
Filters, water, A48.7 in conduits, F2.13 precooling, R10.8
Finned-tube heat-distributing units, orifice plates, A37.12; F14.20 subcooling, R10.8
S35.1, 5 positive-displacement meters, F14.22 industrial freezing methods, R16.1
design, S35.3 rotameters, F14.21 long-term storage, R27.7
nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3 turbine meters, A37.13; F14.22 microbial growth
rating, S35.3 ultrasonic, A37.13 control, R12.3
Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F3.27 velocity impact meters, A37.13 generalized, R12.1
energy recovery loops, S25.11 venturi meters, A37.13; F14.20 requirements, R12.2
two-phase flow in, F4.14 Fluid dynamics computations, F34.1 plants, R27.3
Fins, F3.24 Fluid flow, F2 poultry products
Fire/smoke management. See Smoke analysis, F2.6 freezing, R18.5
management Bernoulli equation, F2.6 refrigeration, R18.1
Firearm laboratories, A8.6 kinetic energy factor, F2.2 processing facilities
Fireplaces, S33.4 pressure variation, F2.2 contamination prevention, R12.3
chimney design, S34.23 boundary layer, F2.4 dairy, R20.1
Fire safety cavitation, F2.14 fruits, R27.5
clean space exhaust systems, A16.14 choking, F2.13 main dishes, R27.1
duct design, F35.14 compressible, F2.13 meat, R17.1
fire and smoke dampers, A52.8 expansion factor, F2.13 organism destruction, R12.4
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.29 pressure, F2.12 potato products, R27.5
insulation fire resistance ratings, F26.5 continuity, F2.2 poultry, R18.1
justice facilities, A8.3, 6 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F2.7 precooked foods, R27.1
kitchens, A31.22 devices, F2.5 refrigeration systems, R27.3, 4, 6
laboratories, A14.11 discharge coefficients, F2.9 regulations and standards, R12.5
nuclear facilities, A26.2 drag, F2.5 sanitation, R12.4
penetration fire stopping, A52.1 friction factors, F2.7 vegetables, R27.3
smoke management, A52.1 incompressible, F2.10 refrigeration
thermal insulation, F26.4 laminar, F2.3 dairy products, R20
Fish, R19 measurement, A37.11, F2.10; F14.19 eggs and egg products, R21.1
fresh, R19.1 noise, F2.14 fishery products, R19
frozen, R19.4 nonisothermal effects, F2.5 fruits, fresh, R22; R23
thermal properties, R9.1 parabolic velocity profile, Poiseuille, F2.3 meat products, R17
vegetables, R24 defrosting, R48.6 flammability limits, F18.1
refrigerators efficiency, R48.1 gaseous, F18.4
commercial, R47 refrigeration systems, R48.5 heating value, F18.3; S7.11
retail food store, R46.1 testing, R48.9 ignition temperature, F18.2
walk-in, R46.12 industrial, R16.1 liquid, F18.5
storage requirements walk-in, R47.3 oil. See Oil, fuel
canned foods, R11.11 Freezing systems, S7.11
citrus fruit, R23.3 beverages, R10.7 solid, F18.7
commodities, R11.1 biomedical applications, R40.1 turbines, S7.20
dried foods, R11.11 foods Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A14.3
fruit, R22 bakery products, R28.5 Fungi, and farm crop storage, F11.6
thermal properties, R9 egg products, R21.9 Furnaces, S32
enthalpy, R9.7 fish, R19.5 air cleaners and filters, S32.2
heat of respiration, R9.18, 19, 20 freezing time calculations, R10.7 airflow configurations, S32.3
ice fraction, R9.2 ice cream, R20.15 air supply, S34.28
surface heat transfer coefficient, R9.25 meat products, R17.16 burners, S30.1; S32.2
thermal conductivity, R9.9, 12, 16 poultry products, R18.5 casings, S32.1
thermal diffusivity, R9.17 processed and prepared food, codes, S32.10
transpiration coefficient, R9.19, 25 R27.1 commercial, S32.5
water content, initial freezing point, R9.2 industrial, R16.1 efficiency, S32.10
Food service soil, R36.3, 4 components, S32.1
refrigerators for, R47.1 Friction, in fluid flow controls, S32.2, 5, 9
service water heating, A49.13, 19 conduit, F2.7 derating, S30.10
vending machines, R47.5 wall, F2.3 duct; S32.5
Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1 Friction losses, F35.9 duct furnaces, S30.6
multifamily, A1.5 duct design, F35.6 electric, S32.4, 10
Forensic labs, A8.5 fittings, F36.1, 8 fans and motors, S32.2
autopsy rooms, A8.5, 6 roughness factors, F35.7 floor furnaces; S33.2
critical spaces, A8.3, 6 valves, F36.1, 8 gas-fired, S32.1, 9
firearm labs, A8.5, 6 Fruit juice, R25 codes, S32.10
intake air quality, A8.6 Fruits commercial, S32.5
Fouling factor dried installation, S32.10
condensers, water-cooled, S38.4 storage, R29.7 residential, S32.1
coolers, liquid, S41.4 thermal properties, R9.1 standards, S32.11
Foundations fresh upflow; S32.5
insulation, A43.2; F24.2 air transport, R32.1 humidifiers, S32.2
moisture control, A43.2 apples, storage, A51.14; R22.1 installation, S32.10
radon control, A43.3 apricots, R22.13 location, S32.6
Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, avocados, R23.8 natural gas, S30.11; S32.1, 4, 9
A48.7 bananas, R23.5 draft hoods, S32.2
Fourier’s law, F3.1 berries, R22.13 residential, S32.1, 9
and heat transfer, F23.2 cherries, sweet, R22.12 capacity ratings, S32.9
Four-pipe systems, S5.3 citrus, A51.14; R23.1 combustion system, S32.4
load, S12.20 cooling, R15.1 efficiency, S32.9
room control, S5.15 deciduous tree, R22 heat exchangers, S32.1
zoning, S5.15 desiccation, R11.1 vent dampers, S32.2, 9
Framing deterioration rate, R11.1 venting, S32.2; S34.19
materials, F31.2 display refrigerators, R46.8 oil, S32.4, 10
solar gain, F31.37 figs, R22.13 venting, S34.21
Freeze drying, A28.6 grapes, R22.8 performance criteria, S32.8
biological materials, R40.4 mangoes, R23.8 propane, S32.4, 10
Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection nectarines, R22.12 regulating agencies, S32.11
systems) peaches, R22.12 residential, A1.3; S32.1
condensers, evaporative, S38.15 pears, R22.6 annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
coolers, liquid, S41.5 pineapples, R23.8 S32.8
cooling tower plums, R22.11 efficiency, S9.12
piping, S13.3 storage diseases, R22.1 floor furnaces, S33.2
sump water, S39.10 strawberries, R22.13 indoor or outdoor, S32.4
energy recovery equipment, S25.7 thermal properties, R9.1 performance criteria, S32.8
hydronic systems, S12.23 vine fruits, R22.1 selection, S32.6
insulation for, F26.2 frozen, R27.5 selection, S32.6
pipes, F24.14 Fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP), standards, S32.11
solar energy systems, A33.24; S36.2, 17 S7.22 stokers, S30.17
Freeze protection systems, A50.17, 19 Fuels, F18 thermal storage, A34.13; S50.13
Freezers altitude compensation, F18.3 unducted; S32.5
blast, R14.10; R16.1; R17.15, R47.3 classification, F18.4 upflow; S32.5
household, R48.1 combustion, F18 venting, S34.19, 21
cabinet construction, R48.3 engines, S7.10 wall furnaces, S33.1
Galleries. See Museums, galleries, archives, Grain. (See also Farm crops) catalytic, S33.1
and libraries drying, F11.12 control, S33.2, 4
Garages insects, F11.3 direct-contact, S14.6
automotive repair, A13.19 storage moisture, F11.2 electric, S15.2; S33.3
bus, A13.20 Grashof number, F3.14 fireplaces, S33.4
contaminant criteria, A13.17 Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments) gas, S15.1; S30.6; S33.1
parking, A3.10; A13.17 evaporative cooling, A51.15 control valves, S33.2
ventilation heating, F10.15 efficiency requirements, S33.2
airflow rate, A13.17 plant environments, A22.10 infrared, S15.1
control, A13.18 supplemental irradiance, F10.19 room, S33.1
equipment, A13.31 Grids, for computational fluid dynamics, F34.4 thermostats, S33.2
system configuration, A13.19 Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP) wall furnaces, S33.1
Gases closed-loop ground-source, A32.10 hot-water, S27.4
compressed, storage, A14.8 heat exchanger, S48.12 hydronic snow melting, A50.12
drying, S23.11 Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A32.1, 9 infrared, S15.1; S30.6
liquefaction, R38.6 Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A32.23 indirect, S30.7
purification, R38.16, 19 GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps oil-fired, S15.3
separation (GSHP) radiant, A53.1, 4, 8
gaseous oxygen, R38.18 Guard stations, in justice facilities, A8.4 in-space, S33.1
Gibbs phase rule, R38.16 GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps kerosene, S33.3
Gas-fired equipment, S34. (See also Natural (GWHP) oil, S15.3; S33.3
gas) Gymnasiums, A4.5; A6.4 radiant, S30; S33
noise, F18.16 HACCP. See Hazard analysis and critical electric, S15.2
Gas vents, S34.1 control point (HACCP) gas-fired, S15.1; S30.6, 7; S33.1
GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps Halocarbon infrared, S30.6

(GCHP) coolants, secondary, F21.12 oil-fired infrared, S15.3
Generators refrigerant systems, R2.1 panels, S33.4
absorption units, R41.1, 10 Hartford loop, S10.3 quartz, S33.4
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.40 Hay, drying, A23.7; F11.11 residential, S33.1
Geothermal energy, A32 Hazard analysis and critical control point room, S33.1
corrosion control, A32.6 (HACCP), R12.4 solid fuel, S33.4
direct-use systems, A32.3 Hazen-Williams equation, F36.1 standards, S33.6, 7
cooling, A32.9 HB. See Heat balance (HB) steam, S27.4
equipment, A32.5 Health stoves, S33.5
heating, A32.8 asbestosis, F9.5 testing, S33.7
service water heating, A32.9 coalworker’s pneumoconiosis, F9.5 unit; S27.4, S30.6
district heating, A32.8 and insulation, F23.17 control, S27.7
geothermal fluids, A32.1 in justice facilities, A8.3 location, S27.6
disposal, A32.4 and moisture problems, F23.5 maintenance, S27.8
temperature, A32.1, 3 silicosis, F9.5 piping, S27.7
ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems, synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F9.5 ratings, S27.6
A32.10, 27; S8.4 Health care facilities, A7. (See also specific types) selection, S27.4
heat exchangers, A32.6, 26 Heat sound level, S27.6
heat pumps, A32.10 animal production, F10.2, 7 types, S27.4
materials performance, A32.5 flow rates, F30.1 ventilators, S27.1
resources, A32.1 latent water, A49
valves, A32.7 respiratory loss, F8.4 Heat exchangers, S47
water wells skin loss, F8.3, 10 air-to-air energy recovery, S25.1
flow rate, A32.3 sensible heat pipes, S25.12
pumps, A32.6, 25 respiratory, F8.4 rotary enthalpy wheels, S25.10
terminology, A32.24 skin, F8.3 thermosiphon, S25.14
water quality testing, A32.4 space extraction rate, F30.2 animal environments, A22.4
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A32.10 timers, S10.13 antifreeze effect on, S12.23
Glazing Heat balance (HB), S8.19 chimneys, S34.31
angular averaging, F31.25 air, F30.18 counterflow, F3.28; S47.1
coated, F31.22 conduction transfer function, F30.18 district heating and cooling, S11.28
glass, F31.1 equations, F30.19 double-wall construction, S47.3
planar, F31.49 input procedure, F30.19 effectiveness, capacity rate ratio, F3.28
plastic, F31.40 load calculations enhanced surfaces, F4.14
solar-optical properties, F31.18 cooling, F30.15 fouling, S47.5
spectral averaging, F31.24 nonresidential, F30.1 furnaces, S32.1
spectral range, F31.34 residential, F29.2 geothermal energy systems, A32.6, 26
systems, F31.41 model, F30.15 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.28
Global warming potential (GWP), R5.1 studies, S8.19 heat transfer, S47.1
Glycols surface, F30.15 installation, S47.6
coolants, secondary, F21.4 Heat capacity, F23.1 liquid suction, R2.28
desiccant solution, S23.2 Heaters, S33 number of transfer units (NTU), F3.28
Graetz number, F3.14 automobiles, A9.5 parallel flow, F3.28
plate, F3.30; R2.29; S41.2 load calculations heat recovery, S8.8, 9
boiling in, F4.7 commercial, F30.26 open-cycle systems, S8.11
brazed, S11.29; S47.3 residential, F29.11 semi-open-cycle systems, S8.11
components, S47.4 nonresidential, S12.16 packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs),
gasketed, S11.28; S47.3 places of assembly, A4.1 S49.5
plate-and-frame, S11.28 plant growth chambers, A22.17 testing, S49.7
pressure drop in, F4.13 power plants, A25.10 residential, A1.2
welded, S11.29; S47.3 residential, A1.1 room, S49.1
selection, S47.5 solar energy, S36.1 split systems, S48.1
shell-and-coil, R2.29; S11.29; S47.2 systems supplemental heating, S8.8
shell-and-tube, R2.29; S11.29; S41.1, 2 all-air, S4.2, 5 through-the-wall, S2.3
components, S47.4 selection, S1.1, 8 types, S8.4
converters, S47.2 small forced-air, S9.1 unitary, S48.1
straight-tube, S47.2 dynamic simulation model (HOUSE), application, S48.1
tube-in-tube, R2.29; S41.1 S9.12 certification, S48.6
U-tube, S47.2 solar energy, A33.16, 26 codes, S48.5
solar energy, S36.14 steam, S10.1 desuperheaters, S48.4
systems thermal storage, A34.11; S50.11 installation, S48.2
solar energy, A33.12 Heating load space conditioning/water heating, S48.4
steam, S10.3 calculations, F30.26 standards, S48.5
water, medium- and high-temperature, central plant, S3.2 types, S48.2
S14.8 residential calculations, F29.11 water heaters, A49.3, 25
wraparound, S24.7 Heating values of fuels, F18.3, 6, 8 water-source
Heat flow, F23. (See also Heat transfer) Heat loss. (See also Load calculations) certification, S48.12
and airflow, F23.8 basement, F29.11 design, S48.12

through flat building component, F23.4 crawlspaces, F29.13 entering water temperature, S48.12
and moisture, F23.5, 8 floor slabs, F29.12 groundwater, A32.11, 23; S48.12
apparent conductivity, F23.14 latent heat loss, F29.13 indirect systems, A32.26
hygrothermal modeling, F23.8 radiant panels, S6.7 surface water, A32.11, 27
paths, series and parallel, F23.4 Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, S25.12 closed-loop heat pumps, A32.28;
terminology, F23.1 Heat pumps S48.12
variation, F23.3 absorption, R41.3 lake heat transfer, A32.27
Heat flux, radiant panels, S6.2 air-source, S48.1, 8 open-loop heat pumps, A32.27
Heat gain. (See also Load calculations) add-on, S48.9 testing, S48.12
appliances, F30.6 air-to-air, S8.4, 9 water loop, S8.14; S48.12
calculation, air-to-water, S8.6, 9 water-to-air, S8.4
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), balance point, S48.9 water-to-water, S8.6
F30.16 compressor selection, S48.10 window-mounted, S2.3
standard air values, F30.13 control, S48.10 Heat recovery. (See also Energy recovery)
electric motors, F30.4 defrost cycle, S48.9 balanced heat recovery, S8.18
engine test facilities, dynamometers, A15.1 installation, S48.10 cascade systems, S8.13
fenestration, F30.13 refrigerant circuits, S48.10 coils, S26.3
floors, F30.23 selection, S48.9 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.33
hospital and laboratory equipment, F30.8 boosters, A34.13; S50.13 combustion turbines, S7.37
humans, F30.3 cascade systems, S8.6 evaporative cooling, A51.7; S25.21; S40.4
laboratories, A14.2 components, S8.6 heat-activated chillers, S7.39
latent, permeable building materials, compression cycles, S8.2 heat balance, S8.19
F30.13 control, A46.16; S8.7, 8 heat pumps, S8.9
lighting, F30.3 efficiency, S48.5 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7
office equipment, F30.8 engine-driven, S7.46 kitchen ventilation, A31.21
radiant panels, S6.7 ground-source laboratories, A14.19
space, F30.1 ground-coupled, A32.10, 12; S8.14; liquid chillers; S42.2, 12
Heating S48.12 multiple buildings, S8.21
absorption equipment, R41.1 heat transfer analysis, A32.13 reciprocating engines, S7.34
animal environments, A22.4 horizontal systems, A32.11, 18 retail food store refrigeration, R46.18
equipment, S3.1; S48 vertical systems, A32.10, 12 service water heating, A49.4
baseboard units, S35.1 water loop, S8.14 steam
boilers, S31.1 groundwater, A32.11, 23; S48.12 systems, S10.3, 14
convectors, S35.1 surface water, A32.11, 27; S48.12 turbines, S7.38
finned-tube units, S35.1 terminology, A32.10 supermarkets, A2.4
furnaces, S32.1 heat recovery heat pumps, S8.9 terminology, S8.1
radiators, S35.1 design principles, S8.12 waste heat, S8.13
equipment, S26–S33 ; S30 waste heat recovery, S8.13 water loop heat pump systems, S8.14
geothermal energy systems, A32.8 heat sources and sinks, S8.2, 4 Heat storage. See Thermal storage
greenhouses, A22.11; F10.15 ice-source, R34.6 Heat stress
industrial environments, A12.6 industrial process, S8.8 index (HSI), A29.5; F8.20
infrared, S15.1 closed-cycle systems, S8.9 industrial environments, A29.4
radiant, A53.1, 8 design, S8.12 thermal standards, A29.4
Heat transfer, F3; F23. (See also Heat flow) Beer’s law, F3.12 kitchen exhaust, A31.27
across air space, F23.3 blackbody, F3.1, 8 ductless, A31.9
air infiltration, effect of, F23.16 spectral emissive power, F3.8 recirculating systems, A31.9, 13
animal environments, F10.3 coefficient, F3.18 residential, A31.27
antifreeze effect on water, S12.23 energy transfer, F3.8 type I, A31.3
augmentation exchange between surfaces, F3.11 type II, A31.3, 8
active, F3.20 gray surface, F3.8 laboratory fume, A14.3
passive, F3.19 hemispherical emissivity, F3.8 sound control, A47.27
coefficients, F31.5 in gases, F3.12 unidirectional, A16.8
condensation, F4.9 Kirchoff’s law, F3.9 Hospitals, A7.2
convective, F8.7 monochromatic emissive power, F3.8 air conditioning, A7.2
convective evaporation, F4.6 net, F3.8 air movement, A7.3
evaporative, F8.8 Stefan-Boltzmann air quality, A7.2
foods, R9.25 law, F3.8 cooling, A7.13
Lewis relation, F8.4 relation, F3.1 design criteria
low-temperature, R39.9 thermal, F3.1 administration, A7.11
overall, F3.18 Wien’s displacement law, F3.8 ancillary spaces, A7.9
pool boiling, F4.3 simultaneous, F5.9 autopsy rooms, A7.10
coils snow-melting systems, A50.1 diagnostic and treatment, A7.11
air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.6 fluids, A50.10 infectious isolation, A7.8
air-heating, S26.4 solar energy systems, A33.11 intensive care units, A7.8
condensers, S38.2 steady-state, F23.2 laboratories, A7.9
water-cooled, S38.2 terminology, F23.1 nursery suites, A7.8
conductance, F3.18 transient nursing areas, A7.8
conduction, F3.1, 2 cooling time estimation, F3.5 operating rooms, A7.5

shape factors, F3.2 cylinder, F3.5 humidity, S21.2
control, F23.1 multidimensional, F3.5 patient rooms, A7.8
convection performance, F23.4 pharmacies, A7.10
buffer layer, F3.2 radiation, F3.3 protective isolation, A7.8
coefficient, F3.2 slab, F3.5 recovery rooms, A7.8
effect of, F23.16 sphere, F3.5 service areas, A7.11
external, F3.13 temperature distribution, F3.5 sterilizing and supply, A7.11
flow, fully developed laminar, F3.14 water, S12.3 surgery and critical care, A7.5
forced, boundary layer, F3.13 Heat transmission energy conservation, A7.13
free, F3.2, 16 below-grade construction, F25.13 heating and hot-water standby, A7.12
internal, F3.14 doors, F25.12 indoor air quality (IAQ), A7.2
laminar sublayer, F3.2 floor slabs, F29.12 infection sources and control, A7.2
natural, F3.2, 16 pipes, buried, F25.14 insulation, A7.13
turbulent region, F3.1 properties, F25.1 Legionella pneumophila, A7.2
definition, F23.1 slab-on-grade construction, F25.13 pressure relationships and ventilation, A7.4
diffuse radiation, F3.12 soils, F25.13 smoke control, A7.5
district heating and cooling pipes, S11.9 windows, F25.12 zoning, A7.12
effectiveness, F3.28 Heat traps, A49.2 Hot-box method, of thermal modeling, F23.4
extended surfaces, F3.23 Helium Hotels and motels, A5
factor, friction, F3.14 in air, F6.1 accommodations, A5.3
film in cryogenics, R38.1 back-of-the-house (BOTH) areas, A5.6
coefficient, F23.1 recovery, R38.18 central plant, A5.7
resistance, F23.1, 2 in leak testing, R8.2; R45.4 design criteria, A5.1
fins, F3.23, 25 properties, F19.2; F20.58, 59; F39.1 guest rooms, A5.3
forced convection and thermal radiation, F3.12 indoor air quality (IAQ), A5.6
air coolers, F3.13 High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, load characteristics, A5.1
solid-to-fluid, F3.2 A26.3; S28.7; S29.2 makeup air units, A5.7
Fourier’s law, F23.2 High-temperature short-time (HTST) public areas, A5.6
ground, F32.7 pasteurization, R20.2 service water heating, showers, A49.12, 19
ground loops, A32.13 High-temperature water (HTW) system, S12.1 sound control, A5.7
heat exchangers, S47.1 Homeland security. See Chemical, biological, systems, A5.2
insulation, F14.31 radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Hot-gas bypass, R2.34
lakes, A32.27 Hoods HOUSE dynamic simulation model, S9.12
mass transfer draft, S32.2; S34.30 Houses of worship, A4.3
convection, F5.5 gaseous contaminant control, A45.5 HSI. See Heat stress, index (HSI)
molecular diffusion, F5.2 industrial exhaust systems HTST. See High-temperature short-time
simultaneous with, F5.9 capture velocities, A30.2 (HTST) pasteurization
cooling coils, F5.12 compound hoods, A30.5 Humidification, S21
number of transfer units (NTU), F3.28 design principles, A30.3 air washers, S40.7
radiant balance, F3.12 entry loss, A30.3 all-air systems, S4.5, 9
radiation overhead hoods, A30.5 control, A46.13, 14; S21.1
actual, gray, F3.2, 8 sidedraft hoods, A30.5 design, S21.3
angle factor, F3.10 volumetric flow rate, A30.2 direct evaporative cooling, A51.2
evaporative coolers, S40.7 delivery systems, R34.5 humidifiers, S21.6
load calculations, S21.4 manufacture, R34.1 process drying, S23.11
Humidifiers, S21 storage, R34.4 process refrigeration, R37.1
all-air systems, S4.9 thermal storage, A34.7; R34.3; S50.7 thermal storage, A34.17; S50.17
bacterial growth, S21.1 Ice makers service water heating, A49.23
central air systems commercial, R47.6 steam generators, A25.4
industrial and commercial, S21.6, 7 heat pumps, R34.6 Industrial environments, A12; A29; A30
residential, S21.5 household refrigerator, R48.3 air conditioning, A12
commercial, S21.6 large commercial, R34.1 cooling load, A12.5
controls, S21.7 storage, R34.4 design, A12.5
energy considerations, S21.3 thermal storage, R34.3 evaporative systems, A12.7
equipment, S21.4 types, R34.1 maintenance, A12.8
evaporative cooling, S21.7 water treatment, A48.7, 9 refrigerant systems, A12.7
furnaces, S32.2 Ice rinks, A4.5; R35 spot cooling, A29.3, A51.12
industrial, S21.6 conditions, R35.4 ventilation, A29.1
Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7 dehumidifiers, S24.6 air distribution, A29.2
load calculations, S21.3 energy conservation, R35.5 air filtration systems, A12.7; S28.2; S29.1
nonducted, S21.5 floor design, R35.7 contaminant control, A12.5, 8
portable, S21.5 heat loads, R35.2 energy conservation, A29.6
residential, A1.5; S9.1; S21.5 pebbling, R35.10 energy recovery, A29.6
scaling, S21.4 refrigeration, R35.5 evaporative cooling, A51.12
supply water, S21.4 surface building and maintenance, R35.9 heat control, A29.4
terminal, S4.17 water quality, R35.10 heat exposure control, A29.5
Humidity ID50‚ mean infectious dose, A58.4 heating systems, A12.6
building envelope affected by, S21.2 Ignition temperatures of fuels, F18.2 heat stress, A29.4
control, A46.13; F22.1; F24.4; S21.1; S23.1 IGUs. See Insulating glazing units (IGUs) local exhaust systems, A29.5; A30.1
disease prevention and treatment, S21.1 Indoor air quality (IAQ) air cleaners, A30.7
human comfort conditions, S21.1 (See also Air quality) airflow near hood, A30.3
measurement, F14.10 bioaerosols air-moving devices, A30.7
odors affected by, F13.2 health effects, F9.7 ducts, A30.5; S29.28
plant environments, F10.19 particles, F9.4 energy recovery, A30.7
sensors, F15.8 sampling, F9.8 exhaust stacks, A30.7
sound transmission affected by, S21.2 sources, F9.6 fans, A30.7
static electricity affected by, S21.2 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F9.6 hoods, A30.2
Hydrogen gaseous contaminant control, A45.1 operation and maintenance, A30.8
liquid, R38.2 hospitals, A7.2 system testing, A30.8
properties, F19.2; F20.54; F39.1 hotels and motels, A5.6 process and product requirements, A12.1
Hydronic systems, S35. (See also Water infiltration, F27.9 spot cooling, A29.3, 5
systems) kitchens, A31.13 thermal control, A12.4
capacity control, A46.20 modeling, F34.1 ventilation systems, A29.1
central multifamily, A1.5 particulate matter, F9.4 Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29. (See also
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), Air cleaners)
heating and cooling design, S12.1 F9.6 auxiliary equipment, S29.28
heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), equipment selection, S29.1
pipe sizing, F36.6 F9.6 gaseous contaminant control, S29.17
residential, A1.3 radon action levels, F9.16 absorption, S29.17
snow melting, A50.10 sensors, F15.9 adsorption, S29.24, 26
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.6, 8 standards, F9.9 incineration, S29.27
units synthetic vitreous fibers, F9.5 spray dry scrubbing, S29.18
baseboard, S35.1, 3, 5 ventilation, F27.9 wet-packed scrubbers, S29.18, 24
convectors, S35.1, 2, 5 volatile organic compounds (VOC), F9.8 gas stream, S29.2
finned-tube, S35.1, 3, 5 Indoor environmental health, F9. (See also monitoring, S29.1
heaters, S27.4 Indoor air quality) operation and maintenance, S29.29
makeup air, S27.9 Indoor environmental modeling, F34 particulate contaminant control, S29
pipe coils, S35.1 computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F34.1 collector performance, S29.3
radiant panels, S6.11; S35.6 contaminant transport, F34.16 electrostatic precipitators, S29.8
ceiling, S6.13 multizone network, F34.14 fabric filters, S29.10
design, S6.11 verification and validation, F34.17 inertial collectors, S29.4
floor, S6.15 Induction scrubbers (wet collectors), S29.15
wall, S6.15 air-and-water systems, A37.5 settling chambers, S29.3
radiators, S35.1, 2, 5 systems, S5.8 regulations, S29.1
ventilators, S27.1 units under varying load, S5.10 safety, S29.29
water treatment, A48.10 Industrial applications scrubbers (wet collectors), S29.15
Hygrometers, F14.10, 10; F15.8 burners Industrial hygiene, F9.3
Hygrothermal modeling, F23.8 gas, S30.6 Infiltration. (See also Air leakage)
IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ) oil, S30.12 air exchange, R13.4
Ice gas drying, S23.11 rate, F27.3, 10
commercial, R34.6 heat pumps, S8.8 air leakage
air-vapor retarder, F27.14 freeze protection, F26.2 criteria, A57.6
building data, F27.13 green buildings, F26.1 development, A57.8
controlling, F27.14 heat gain, F26.13 intent, A57.8
calculation, residential, F27.20 heat loss, F26.13 team, A57.5, A57.7
climatic zones, F27.16 heat transfer, F14.31 design-phase contract, A57.1
commercial buildings, F27.23 hospitals, A7.13 documentation, A57.7
direct flow through doorways, R13.6 insertion loss, F26.4 drawings, A57.7
driving mechanisms, F27.10 limited combustible, F26.5 energy modeling, A57.4
examples, F27.21 masonry construction, F24.2 objectives, A57.1
fenestration, F31.55 materials, F23.14; F26.6 organization, A57.4
indoor air quality (IAQ), F27.9 cellular, F26.6 programming, A57.4
infiltration degree-days, F27.10 fibrous, F26.6 project
leakage function, F27.12 foil, scrim, and kraft paper (FSK), F26.9 closeout, A57.8
measurement, F14.22 foil-reinforced kraft (FRK), F26.9 delivery, A57.8
refrigerated facilities, R13.4 granular, F26.6 design, A57.6
residential buildings, F27.12 reflective, F26.6 manual, A57.7
terminology, F27.1 moisture control, F24.1 predesign, A57.8
thermal loads, F27.9 noise control, F23.17; F26.3 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC),
ventilation, R46.4 noncombustible, F26.5 A57.5
Infrared applications operating temperature, F26.6 schematic design, A57.1
comfort, F8.22, 23 performance, F24.3 specifications, A57.7
drying, A28.3 personnel protection, F26.2 training, A57.5
energy generators, S15.1 pipes, F26.9 Integrated design process (IDP), A57.1
greenhouse heating, A22.12 economic thickness, S11.17 Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems,
heaters, A53.1, 4, 8; S15.1 hangers, F26.9 R3.3

electric, S15.2 underground, F24.14; F26.10; S11.8 Jail cells, A8.5
gas-fired, S15.1; S30.6 properties, F23.14, 17 Jails, A8.3
industrial environments, A12.7 reflective, F23.3 Joule-Thomson cycle, R38.6
oil-fired, S15.3 refrigerant piping, R33.1 Judges’ chambers, A8.4
system efficiency, S15.3 design, R33.1 Juice, R25.1
snow-melting systems, A50.16 installation, R33.7 Jury facilities, A8.4
In-room terminal systems jacketing, R33.7 Justice facilities, A8
changeover temperature, S5.11 joint sealant, R33.4 control rooms, A8.3, 4
performance under varying load, S5.10 maintenance, R33.9 controls, A8.3
primary air, S5.10 vapor retarders, R33.4 courthouses, A8.4
refrigeration load, S5.11 refrigerated facilities, R13.1; R14.12 courtrooms, A8.4, 4
Insects, farm crop storage, F11.8 roof deck construction, F24.3 dining halls, A8.4
Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments roofs, A43.5 energy considerations, A8.2
or applications) safety issues, F23.17 fire/smoke management, A8.3
Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F31.1 smoke developed index, F26.4 fitness, A8.5
Insulation, electrical, R5.8 solar energy systems, S36.4, 12 forensic labs, A8.1, 5
motor, breakdown of, S44.11 steel frame construction, F24.1, 2 guard stations, A8.3, 4
Insulation, thermal tanks, vessels, and equipment, F26.11 health issues, A8.3
airflow retarders, F23.17 thermal heating and cooling plants, A8.2
heating climates, F24.5 bridging, F24.2 jail cells, A8.5
mixed climates, F24.7 conductivity, F26.6 jails, A8.3
warm/humid climates, F24.8 control, F24.1 judges’ chambers, A8.4
animal environments, A22.4 storage systems, water, A34.6; S50.6 jury rooms, A8.4
apparent thermal conductivity of, F23.14 types, F23.14 juvenile, A8.1
below-ambient system, R33.2 walls, A43.4 kitchens, A8.4
ceilings, A43.5 water absorption, F26.6 laundries, A8.4
clothing, F8.8 water vapor libraries, A8.3, 5
compressive resistance, F26.6 permeability, F26.6 police stations, A8.1
condensation control, F26.2 permeance, F26.6 prisons, A8.3
and convection, effects of, F23.16 retarders, F23.17, 18; F26.8 system requirements, A8.1
corrosion under, F26.5 weather barriers, F26.6 terminology, A8.1
cryogenic, R38.23 weather protection, F26.6 types, A8.1
ducts, F24.15, F26.11; F35.14; S18.6 wood frame construction, F24.1 U.S. Marshals, A8.5
flexible, F26.9 Integrated building design (IBD), A57.1 Juvenile facilities, A8.1. (See also Family
process, F26.11 budgeting, A57.5 courts)
economic thickness, in mechanical systems, commissioning, A57.8 K-12 schools, A6.3
F26.1 communication, A57.5 Kelvin’s formula, F23.8
energy conservation, F26.1 construction Kirchoff’s law, F3.9
fire resistance ratings, F26.5 contract administration, A57.7 Kitchens, A31
fire safety, F26.4 document phase, A57.8 air balancing, A31.18
flame spread index, F26.4 post-construction activities, A57.8 multiple-hood systems, A31.20
floors, F24.2 design air conditioning, A3.5, 6
foundations, A43.2; F24.2 basis, A57.6 air filtration, A31.3, 9
controls, A31.27 controls, A14.12 Life expectancy (LE) rating, film, A20.3
cooking effluent design parameters, A14.2 Lighting
control of, A31.9 duct leakage rates, A14.10 animal environments, F10.3
generation of, A31.1 economics, A14.19 cooling load, F30.3
plume, A31.1 exhaust devices, A14.8 greenhouses, A22.14
thermal plume behavior, A31.2 exhaust systems, A14.10 heat gain, F30.3
dishwashers, piping, A49.7 fire safety, A14.11 plant environments, A22.17; F10.17
energy conservation fume hoods, A14.3 return air light fixtures, F30.4
economizers, A31.21 controls, A14.13 sensors, F15.9
reduced airflow, A31.22 performance, A14.4 Light measurement, F14.28
residential hoods, A31.28 hazard assessment, A14.2 LIMS. See Laboratory information
restaurants, A31.21 heat recovery, A14.19 management systems (LIMS)
exhaust hoods, A31 hospitals, A7.9 Linde cycle, R38.6
ductless, A31.9 loads, A14.2 Line sizing for halocarbon systems, R2.2
recirculating systems, A31.9, 13 nuclear facilities, A26.9 Liquefied natural gas (LNG), S17.4
residential, A31.27 paper testing labs, A24.3 vaporization systems, S17.4
systems, A31.2 radiochemistry labs, A14.18 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F18.4
type I, A31.3 safety, A14.2, 11 Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R1
type II, A31.3, 8 scale-up labs, A14.17 ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.21
exhaust systems, A31.2, 9, 28 stack heights, A14.13 circulating rate, R1.3
ducts, A31.12; S18.5 supply air systems, A14.9 evaporators, R1.6
effluent control, A31.9 system maintenance, A14.18 line sizing, R1.7
fans, A31.12 system operation, A14.18 liquid separators, R1.7
fire safety, A31.9 teaching labs, A14.18 overfeed rate, R1.3
hoods, A31.2 types, A14.1 pump selection, R1.5

maintenance, A31.26 ventilation, A14.8 receiver sizing, R1.7
multiple-hood systems, A31.20, 24 Laboratory information management systems recirculation, R1.1
residential, A31.28 (LIMS), A8.7 refrigerant distribution, R1.2
terminations, A31.13 Lakes, heat transfer, A32.27 terminology, R1.1
fire safety, A31.22, 24 Laminar flow Lithium bromide/water, F20.1, 69
fire suppression, A31.22 air, A16.4 Lithium chloride, S23.2
multiple-hood systems, A31.24 fluids, F2.3 Load calculations
prevention of fire spread, A31.24 Large eddy simulation (LES), turbulence cargo containers, R30.8
protection, A31.22 modeling, F34.3 coils, air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.14
residential, A31.28 Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F14.17 computer calculation, A39.5
grease removal, A31.3, 9 Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F14.17 humidification, S21.3
heat recovery, A31.21 Latent energy change materials, A34.2; S50.2 hydronic systems, S12.2
indoor air quality (IAQ), A31.13 Laundries for in-room systems, S5.2
in justice facilities, A8.4 evaporative cooling, A51.13 nonresidential
integration and balancing, A31.18 in justice facilities, A8.4 cooling, F30.1
maintenance, A31.26 service water heating, A49.21 heating, F30.26
makeup air systems LCCP. See Life-cycle climate performance precooling fruits and vegetables, R15.1
air distribution, A31.15 (LCCP) refrigerated facilities
maintenance, A31.26 LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR) air exchange, R13.4
replacement, A31.13 LD50‚ mean lethal dose, A58.4 direct flow through doorways, R13.6
residential, A31.28 LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA) equipment, R13.6
operation, A31.25 LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV) infiltration, R13.4
residential, A31.27 LE. See Life expectancy (LE) rating internal heat load, R13.3
service water heating, A49.7 Leakage, ducts, F35.14; S18.2 product, R13.3
ventilation, A31 Leakage function, relationship, F27.12 transmission, R13.1
Kleemenko cycle, R38.13 Leak detection of refrigerants, F19.7; R8.2 residential
Krypton, recovery, R38.17 methods, R45.4 cooling, F29.8
Laboratories, A14 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 heating, F29.11
air distribution, A14.9 air washers, S40.9 snow-melting systems, A50.1
air filtration, A14.9 control, A48.7 Load collector ratio (LCR), A33.21
air intakes, A14.13 cooling towers, S39.12, 13 Local exhaust. See Exhaust
animal labs, A14.14 decorative fountains, A48.7 Loss coefficients
cage environment, A22.9 evaporative coolers, S40.9 control valves, F2.9
heat and moisture production, F10.14 hospitals, A7.2 duct fitting database, F35.11
ventilation performance, A22.9 Legionnaires’ disease, A48.6 fittings, F2.8
biological safety cabinets, A14.6 service water systems, A49.9 flexible ducts, F35.12
biosafety levels, A14.17 Legionnaires’ disease. See Legionella Louvers, F31.45, F35.16
clean benches, A14.8 pneumophila Low-temperature water (LTW) system, S12.1
cleanrooms, A16.1 LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES) LPG. See Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
clinical labs, A14.18 Lewis relation, F5.8; F8.4 LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW)
commissioning, A14.19 Libraries. See Museums, galleries, archives, system
compressed gas storage, A14.8 and libraries Lubricants, R7. (See also Lubrication; Oil)
containment labs, A14.16 Life-cycle climate performance (LCCP), R5.1 additives, R7.4
ammonia refrigeration, R3.6 air-cooled, S38.12 rail cars, A9.12, 16
component characteristics, R7.3 evaporative, S38.18 rapid transit, A9.16; A13.10
effects, R7.27 water-cooled, S38.7 stations, A13.13
evaporator return, R7.18 cooking equipment, A31.26 thermal comfort, A9.12; A13.13
foaming, R7.26 coolers, liquid, S41.6 thermal load analysis, A9.13; A13.14
halocarbon refrigeration cooling towers, S39.11 tunnels
compressor floodback protection, R2.31 costs, A36.6 railroad, A13.14
liquid indicators, R2.32 documentation, A38.3 rapid transit, A13.10
lubricant management, R2.10 energy recovery equipment, S25.7, 11 subway, A13.10
moisture indicators, R2.31 evaporative coolers, S40.8 ventilation, A9.12; A13
purge units, R2.32 filters, air, S28.8 McLeod gages, F14.14
receivers, R2.32 gaseous air cleaners, A45.14 Mean infectious dose (ID50), A58.4
refrigerant driers, R2.31 heat pumps, unitary, S48.2 Mean lethal dose (LD50), A58.4
separators, R2.30 industrial air-conditioning systems, A12.8 Mean radiant temperature (MRT), A53.1
strainers, R2.31 infrared heaters, S15.5 Mean temperature difference, F3.28
surge drums or accumulators, R2.30 kitchen ventilation systems, A31.25, 28 Measurement, F14. (See also Instruments)
mineral oil laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18 air exchange rates, F27.10
aromatics, R7.3 liquid chillers, S42.15 airflow, A37.2
naphthenes (cycloparaffins), R7.2 makeup air units, S27.10 air infiltration, F14.22
nonhydrocarbons, R7.3 management, A38 air leakage, F27.13
paraffins, R7.2 manual, A38.3 airtightness, F14.22
miscibility, R7.13 solar energy systems, A33.24 carbon dioxide, F14.23
moisture content, R45.1 terminology, A38.1 combustion analysis, F14.32
oxidation, R7.26 turbines contaminants, F14.32
properties, R7.4 combustion, S7.22 data acquisition, F14.32

floc point, R7.20 steam, S7.31 electricity, F14.24
viscosity, R7.5 unit heaters, S27.8 fluid flow, A37.11; F2.10; F14.19
refrigerant Makeup air units, S27.8 gaseous contaminants, A45.4
contamination, R6.7 applications, S27.8 heat transfer in insulation, F14.31
reactions with, R5.5 codes, S27.9 humidity, F14.10
solutions, R7.8 commissioning, S27.9 light levels, F14.28
density, R7.8 controls, A46.18; S27.9 moisture content, F14.30; R6.3
solubility, R7.9, 11, 13 design, S27.8 farm crops, F11.5
viscosity, R7.13 maintenance, S27.10 refrigeration systems, R45.3
requirements, R7.2 selection, S27.8 moisture transfer, F14.30
separators, R44.22 standards, S27.9 odors, F13.5
solubility types, S27.9 pressure, F14.13
air, R7.26 Malls, A2.6 rotative speed, F14.26
hydrocarbon gages, R7.21 Manometers, differential pressure readout, sound, F14.27
refrigerant solutions, R7.9, 11, 13 A37.12 temperature, F14.4
water, R7.26 Manufactured homes, A1.6 thermal comfort, F14.29
stability, R7.27 airflow modeling example, F34.18 uncertainty analysis, A40.12; F14.3
synthetic lubricants, R7.3 Masonry, insulation, F24.2 velocity, F14.15
testing, R7.1 (See also Building envelopes) vibration, F14.27
wax separation, R7.20 Mass transfer, F5 Meat, R17
Lubrication convection, F5.4 display refrigerators, R46.7
combustion turbines, S7.22 eddy diffusion, F5.8 food processing, R17.1
compressors Lewis relation, F5.8; F8.4 frozen, R17.16
centrifugal, S37.36 energy recovery, air-to-air, S25.5, 7 packaged fresh cuts, R17.11
reciprocating, S37.10 heat transfer simultaneous with, F5.9 processing facilities
rotary, S37.13 air washers, F5.11 boxed beef, R17.7
single-screw, S37.15 cooling coils, F5.12 carcass coolers
twin-screw, S37.22 cooling towers, F5.12 beef, R17.2
engines, S7.12 dehumidifying coils, F5.12 calves, R17.10
Mach number, S37.32 direct-contact equipment, F5.9 hogs, R17.8
Maintenance. (See also Operation and enthalpy potential, F5.9 lamb, R17.10
maintenance) molecular diffusion, F5.1 energy conservation, R17.17
absorption units, R41.7 in liquids and solids, F5.4 pork trimmings, R17.10
air cleaners, S28.8 two-film theory, S29.21 processed meats
air conditioners, retail store, A2.1 simultaneous, F5.9 bacon slicing rooms, R17.13
air washers, S40.8 Mass-transit systems freezing, R17.15
chillers, S42.5, 12 buses, A9.12, 13 lard chilling, R17.14
coils bus garages, A13.20 sausage dry rooms, R17.13
air-cooling and dehumidifying, S22.15 bus terminals, A13.22 smokehouses, R17.12
air-heating, S26.5 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.25 sanitation, R17.1
combined heat and power (CHP) systems, enclosed vehicular facilities, A13.1 shipping docks, R17.17
S7.17 environmental control, A9.1 variety meats, R17.10
condensers, S38 fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.12 retail storage, R46.12
thermal properties, R9.1 flow standards, S44.2
Mechanical traps, steam systems, S10.8 and airflow, F23.8 starting, and electricity, S44.7
Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, and heat flow, F23.5, 8 switching times, S44.10
S12.1 isothermal, F23.8 torque, S44.4
Meshes, for computational fluid dynamics, F34.4 mechanisms, F23.7 in variable-speed drives, S44.10
refining, F34.11 modeling, F23.8 voltage imbalance, S44.1
Metabolic rate, F8.6 nonisothermal, F23.8 Movie theaters, A4.3
Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R39.6 in foundations, A43.2; F24.10 MRT. See Mean radiant temperature (MRT)
Microbial growth, R12.4 and heat storage, F23.6 Multifamily residences, A1.5
Microbiology of foods, R12.1 hygrothermal modeling, F23.8 Multiple-use complexes
Mines, A27 in insulation, F24.1 air conditioning, A5.8
heat sources, A27.2 for refrigeration piping, R33 design criteria, A5.1
mechanical refrigeration plants, A27.9 measurement, F14.30 load characteristics, A5.1
spot coolers, A27.10 in membrane roofs, F24.9 systems, A5.1, 2
ventilation, A27.1 migration, F24.4 energy inefficient, A5.2
wall rock heat flow, A27.2 paint, effects on, F23.5 total energy, A5.2
Modeling. (See also Data-driven modeling; permeability, F14.30 Multisplit, S48.1
Energy modeling) permeance, F14.30 Multizone airflow modeling, F34.14
airflow, A16.4 problems, in buildings, F23.5 applications example, F34.18
around buildings, F16.10 ratio, F23.2 approaches, F34.16
in buildings, F34.1 in refrigerant systems verification and validation, F34.17
contaminant transport, F34.16 control, R6.1 Museums, galleries, archives, and libraries
multizone, F34.1, 14 desiccants, R6.3 air distribution, A21.18
pollutant transport, F34.1, 18 driers, R6.6 air filtration, A21.18
turbulence, F34.3 drying methods, R6.2 artifact deterioration, A21.4

boilers, F32.14 effects, R6.1 building construction, A21.12
compressor, F32.15 factory dehydration, R45.1 dehumidification, A21.17, 19
condenser and evaporator, F32.15 hydrocarbon gages solubility, R7.21 exhibit cases, A21.5
controls, F32.23 indicators, R6.3 humidification, A21.17
cooling tower, F32.17 lubricant solubility, R7.26 mold growth, A21.4
moisture in buildings, F23.8 measurement, R6.3; R45.3 outside air, A21.17
scale simulation and testing, A44.10 solubility, R6.1 relative humidity, effect on artifacts,
small forced-air heating systems, S9.12 sources, R6.1; R45.1 A21.4
systems, F32.17 in roofs, A43.6 system selection, A21.14
thermal (hot-box method), F23.4 sorption isotherms, F14.30 temperature, effect on artifacts, A21.3
validation, F32.31 in walls, A43.4 Mycotoxins, F11.6
Moist air, F6 water vapor retarders, F23.18; F27.14 Naphthenes, R7.2
psychrometrics, F6.1 heating climates, F24.5 Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools)
thermal conductivity, F6.19 mixed climates, F24.7 air conditioning, A4.6
thermodynamic properties warm/humid climates, F24.8 dehumidifiers, S24.4
standard pressure, F6.14 in windows, A43.7 duct design, A4.7
temperature scale, F6.2 Mold, F23.5 envelope design, A4.7
transport properties, F6.19 Montreal Protocol, F19.1 load estimation, A4.6
viscosity, F6.19 Motors, S44 pool water chemistry, A4.7
Moisture air volume control, S44.8 ventilation requirements, A4.6
animal production, F10.8, 14 codes, S44.2 Natural gas, F18.4
in attics, F24.5 compressors, S37.6 liquefaction, R38.8
in building materials, F23.6 controls, S44.6 liquefied, R38.3
in buildings current imbalance, S44.2 pipe sizing, F36.21
animal facilities, A22.2 efficiency, S44.2 processing, R38.18
commercial and institutional, F24.12 evaporative cooling, A51.12 separation, R38.18
condensation prevention; F24.4 field assembly and refrigerant contamination, Navier-Stokes equations, F34.1
envelope component intersections, F24.11 R6.8 Reynolds-averaged, F34.3
humidity control, F24.4 furnaces, residential, S32.2 NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves
capacity, F23.2 general purpose, S44.4 Net positive suction, S43.9
in cathedral ceilings, F24.5 harmonics, S44.12 Net positive suction head (NPSH), A32.6, 24;
in ceilings, A43.6 hermetic, S44.4 A34.6; R3.3
combustion, F18.11 burnout, R6.8 Net positive suction pressure (NPSP), A32.6,
condensation, S21.2 impedance, S44.10 24; A34.6; R3.3
content, F23.2 induction, S44.4 Nightclubs, A3.6
control, F23 integral thermal protection, S44.5 Night setback
heating climates, F24.4, 6 inverter duty, S44.10 furnaces, residential, S9.15, 16
mixed climates, F24.7 noise, S44.11 recovery, A41.27
options, F24.4 power factor correction capacitors, S44.13 Nitrogen
terminology, F23.1 power supply (ac), S44.1 liquid, R38.3
warm/humid climates, F24.8 protection, S44.5 properties, F19.2, 4; F20.60; F39.1
diffusivity, F14.31 pumps, centrifugal, S43.7, 11, 13 recovery, R38.17
farm crops content, A23.1; F11.1, 5, 6 service factor, S44.4 Noise, F7.14. (See also Sound)
air conditioners, room, S49.4 ODP. See Ozone depletion potential (ODP) PAC. See Polycyclic aromatic compounds
combustion, F18.16 Office buildings (PAC)
compressors air conditioning, A3.6 Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs),
centrifugal, S37.5, 23, 34 space requirements, A3.7 S49.5
scroll, S37.26 service water heating, A49.13, 16 residential, A1.6
single-screw, S37.18 Oil, fuel, F18.5 Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S49.5
condensing units, R46.18 characteristics, F18.5 residential, A1.6
control, with insulation, F26.3 distillate oils, F18.5 PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
controls, A16.17 handling, S30.15 (PAH)
engine test facilities, A15.4 heating value, F18.6 Paint, and moisture problems, F23.5
fans, S20.8 pipe sizing, F36.19 Panel heating and cooling, S6. (See also
fluid flow, F2.14 preparation, S30.16 Radiant heating and cooling)
health effects, F9.15 residual oils, F18.5 advantages, S6.1
valves, S46.2 storage buildings, A25.9 air-heated/cooled panels, S6.19
water pipes, F36.5 storage tanks, S30.14 capillary tube mats, S6.7
Noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.31; F7.16 sulfur content, F18.6 control, S6.19
balanced (NCB), A47.32 viscosity, F18.5 cooling, S6.1
Noncondensable gases Oil. (See also Lubricants) design, S6.6
condensers, water-cooled, S38.6 in refrigerant systems, R7.2 calculations, S6.8
refrigerant contamination, R6.7 in two-phase flow, F4.11 disadvantages, S6.2
Nonhydrocarbons, R7.2 Olf unit, F13.6 electric heating systems, S6.16
NPSH. See Net positive suction head (NPSH) One-pipe systems ceiling, S6.16
NPSP. See Net positive suction pressure chilled-water, S12.19 floor, S6.18
(NPSP) steam convection heating, S10.11; 1993 wall, S6.18
NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU) Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See heat flux
Nuclear facilities, A26 explanation on first page of index.) combined, S6.5
air filtration, A26.3, 7 Operating costs, A36.4 natural convection, S6.3
basic technology, A26.1 Operation and maintenance, A38. (See also thermal radiation, S6.2
codes, A26.10 Maintenance) heating, S6.1
criticality, A26.1 compressors, S37.36 hybrid HVAC, S6.1
decommissioning, A26.10 condition monitoring, A38.5 hydronic systems, S6.11
Department of Energy facilities requirements desiccant dehumidifiers, S23.7 ceiling, S6.13
confinement systems, A26.4 documentation, A38.3 design considerations, S6.11
ventilation, A26.4 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8 distribution and layout, S6.14
fire protection, A26.2 exhaust gas cleaning equipment, floor, S6.15
HVAC design considerations, A26.1 S29.29 wall, S6.15
Nuclear Regulatory Commission laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18 Paper
requirements management moisture content, A18.2
boiling water reactors, A26.7 condition monitoring, A38.5 photographic, A20.1
laboratories, A26.9 results-oriented maintenance, A38.2 storage, A20.3
medical and research reactors, A26.9 system complexity, A38.4 Paper products facilities, A24
other buildings and rooms, A26.8 manuals, A38.3 air conditioning, A24.2
power plants, A26.5 new technology, A38.7 conduction drying, A28.3
pressurized water reactors, A26.7 responsibilities, A38.6 control rooms, A24.3
radioactive waste facilities, A26.10 Outlets, air diffusion evaporative cooling, A51.13
safety design, A26.1 location, F33.15 finishing area, A24.3
standards, A26.10 performance, F33.9 machine area, A24.2
tornado and wind protection, A26.2 selection, F33.15 system selection, A24.4
Number of transfer units (NTU) Outpatient health care facilities, A7.13 testing laboratories, A24.3
cooling towers, S39.16 Outside air, free cooling Paraffins, R7.2
heat transfer, F3.28 cooling towers, S39.9 Parallel compressor systems, R46.14
Nursing facilities, A7.14 liquid chillers, S42.12 Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ),
service water heating, A49.13 Outside air fraction, F27.8 F9.4, 5
Nusselt number, F3.14 Owning costs, A36.1 Pasteurization, R20.2
Nuts, storage, R29.7 Oxygen beverages, R26.6
Odors, F13 in aircraft cabins, A10.9 dairy products, R20.2
analytical measurement, F13.5 liquid, R38.3 eggs, R21.4, 10
control of, in industrial exhaust gas cleaning, properties, F19.2, 4, F20.64; F39.1 juices, R25.4, 7
S29.26, 27 recovery, R38.17 Peanuts, drying, A23.8; F11.13
factors affecting, F13.2, 5 Ozone Peclet number, F3.14
odor units, F13.5 absorption bands, F31.15 PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL)
olf unit, F13.6 activated carbon air cleaner, A45.12 Performance contracting, A40.2
sense of smell, F13.1 in aircraft cabins Permafrost stabilization, R36.4
sensory measurement, F13.2 catalytic converters, A10.7, 8 Permeability
acceptability, F13.5 limits, A10.1 air, F23.2
sources, F13.1 electronic air filters, S28.8 clothing, F8.8
suprathreshold intensity, F13.3 Ozone depletion potential (ODP), R5.1 vapor, F14.30
threshold, F13.1 water vapor, F23.2
Permeance heat transfer analysis, S11.11 ammonia systems, R3.1
air, F23.2 codes, S45.6 below-ambient, R33.1
thickness, F14.30 cold springing, S11.18; S45.12 carbon dioxide systems, R3.26
water vapor, F23.2 computer analysis, A39.7 halocarbon systems, R2.1
Permissible exposure limits (PEL), F9.5 copper tube, S45.1 insulation, R33.1
Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms, expansion, S11.18 jacketing, R33.7
A16.6 expansion bends, S45.11 pipe preparation, R33.2
Phase-change materials, thermal storage of, expansion joints, S45.12 supports and hangers, R33.8
A34.11, 21; S50.11, 21 expansion loops, S45.10, 11 vapor retarders, R33.4
Photographic materials, A20 fluid flow, F2.1 service hot water, A49.4
processing and printing requirements, A20.1 freeze prevention, F24.14 solar energy, A33.12; S36.3
storage, A20.1, 3 heat transfer analysis, S11.9 sound
unprocessed materials, A20.1 insulation, F24.13; F26.9 control, A47.44
Photovoltaic (PV) systems, S36.18 hangers, F26.9 transmission, A37.24
(See also Solar energy) installation, F26.9 standards, S11.19; S45.6
Physical properties of materials, F39 underground, F26.10 system identification, F37.10
boiling points, F39.1, 2 iron, S45.2 systems
density joining methods, S45.2 ammonia refrigeration, R3.7
liquids, F39.2 plastic, F36.10; S45.7, 8 compressor piping, R3.10, 12
solids, F39.3 selection, S45.6 condenser and receiver piping, R3.14
vapors, F39.1 sizing, F36 evaporator piping, R3.18
emissivity of solids, F39.3 ammonia systems capacity tables, R3.8, 9 carbon dioxide refrigeration, R3.26
freezing points, F39.2 fittings, F36.1, 8 halocarbon refrigeration
heat of fusion, F39.2 fuel oil, F36.19 capacity tables, R2.3–9, 11–15
heat of vaporization, F39.2 gas, F36.19 compressor, R2.24

solids, F39.3 hydronic systems, F36.6; S12.23 defrost gas supply lines, R2.21
specific heat air separation, F36.6 discharge lines, R2.19
liquids, F39.2 insulation and vapor retarders, R3.10 double hot-gas risers, R2.19
solids, F39.3 isolated line sections, R3.10 draining prevention, R2.19
vapors, F39.1, 2 pressure drop equations, F36.1 evaporator, R2.28
thermal conductivity refrigerant gas velocity, R2.1
solids, F39.3 halocarbon systems, R2.2 hot-gas
vapors, F39.1 retail food store refrigeration, R46.13 (discharge) mufflers, R2.20
viscosity service water, F36.9 bypass, R2.34
liquids, F39.2 cold water sizing procedure, F36.11 insulation, R2.5
vapors, F39.1 steam, F36.12 liquid cooler, flooded, R2.25
Physiological principles, humans. (See also condensate return, F36.14 location and arrangement, R2.5
Comfort) high-pressure, F36.14 minimum gas velocities, R2.19
adaptation, F8.15 low-pressure, F36.13 oil transport up risers, R2.19
age, F8.15 two-pipe systems, F36.14 pressure drop, R2.2
body surface area (DuBois), F8.3 valves, F36.1, 8; R3.8 refrigerant feed devices, R2.26
clothing, F8.8 water single riser and oil separator, R2.19
cooling load, F30.3 fixture units, F36.9 vibration and noise, R2.5
DuBois equation, F8.3 flow rate limitations, F36.5 solar energy, A33.12; S36.5, 7
energy balance, F8.2 aging allowances, F36.6 steam, S10.3, 5
heat stress, F8.20, 24 erosion, F36.6 water, S14.7
heat transfer coefficients noise, F36.5 circuits, S12.11
convective, F8.7 water hammer, F36.6 distribution, S12.6
evaporative, F8.8 standards, fittings, S45.2 unit heaters, S27.7
Lewis relation, F8.4 steel, S45.1 vibration control, A47.44
radiative, F8.7 stress calculations, S45.7 vibration transmission, A37.24
hypothalamus, F8.1 supporting elements, S11.18; S45.8 Pitot tube, A37.2; F14.17
hypothermia, F8.1 underground, F24.14 Places of assembly, A4
latent heat loss, F8.3, 10 Piping. (See also Pipes) air conditioning, A4.2
mechanical efficiency, F8.6 boilers, S10.3 air distribution, A4.2
metabolic rate, F8.6 capacity tables, R2.10–15 air filtration, A4.1
respiratory heat loss, F8.4 codes, S45.6 air stratification, A4.2
seasonal rhythms, F8.16 cooling towers, S13.2; S39.8 arenas, A4.4
sensible heat loss, F8.3 district heating and cooling atriums, A4.8
sex, F8.16 distribution system, S11.6 auditoriums, A4.3
skin heat loss, F8.3, 5 heat transfer, S11.9 concert halls, A4.4
skin wettedness, F8.20 insulation thickness, S11.17 convention centers, A4.5
thermal exchanges, F8.2 geothermal energy systems, A32.7 exhibition centers, A4.5
thermoregulation, F8.1 heat-carrying capacity, S12.3 fairs, A4.8
vasodilation, F8.1 hydronic snow melting, A50.11 gymnasiums, A4.5
Pigs. See Swine insulation, R33.1 houses of worship, A4.3
Pipes, S45. (See also Piping) radiant panels, hydronic, S6.14 lighting loads, A4.1
buried, F25.14 refrigerant mechanical equipment rooms, A4.3
movie theaters, A4.3 storage, R18.10 letterpress areas, A18.2
natatoriums, A4.6 tenderness control, R18.9 lithographic pressrooms, A18.3
playhouses, A4.3 thawing, R18.11 paper moisture content control, A18.2
precooling, A4.2 Power-law airflow model, F34.14 platemaking rooms, A18.2
sound control, A4.1 Power plants, A25 relief printing areas, A18.2
space conditions, A4.1 buildings rotogravure pressrooms, A18.4
stadiums, A4.4 oil pump, A25.9 salvage systems, A18.4
temporary exhibit buildings, A4.8 oil storage, A25.9 shipping areas, A18.4
vibration control, A4.1 steam generator, A25.4 ink drying, A28.3
Planes. See Aircraft turbine generator, A25.7 Prisons, A8.3
Plank’s equation, R10.7 coal-handling facilities, A25.6, 9 Produce
Plant environments, A22.10; F10.15 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.1 desiccation, R11.1
air, F10.20 combustion turbine areas, A25.8 deterioration rate, R11.1
controlled-environment rooms, A22.16 control center, A25.9 display refrigerators, R46.8
design, A22.10 cooling, A25.10 Propane
energy balance, F10.15 design criteria, A25.1 commercial, F18.4
greenhouses, A22.10 evaporative cooling, A51.13 furnaces, residential, S32.10
carbon dioxide enrichment, A22.14 fuel cells, S7.22 properties, F19.2, 4; F20.44; F39.1
cooling, A22.12 heating, A25.10 Propylene glycol
energy conservation, A22.15 turbines coolants, secondary, F21.4
evaporative cooling, A22.13 combustion, S7.18 hydronic systems, S12.23
heating, A22.11; F10.15 steam, S7.25 Psychrometers, F6.13
heat loss calculation, A22.11 ventilation, A25.3 Psychrometrics, F6
humidity control, A22.14 rates, A25.2 air composition, F6.1
photoperiod control, A22.14 PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) air handlers, S4.4
shading, A22.13 Prandtl number, F3.14 chart, F6.15
site selection, A22.10 Precooling adiabatic mixing, F6.13
supplemental irradiance, A22.14; F10.19 buildings, A41.28 of water, F6.17
ventilation, A22.12 flowers, cut, R15.11 heat absorption and moisture gain,
humidity, F10.19 fruits and vegetables, load calculation, R15.1 F6.18
lighting, F10.17 indirect evaporative, A51.3 moist air, cooling and heating, F6.16
other facilities, A22.21 places of assembly, A4.2 thermodynamic properties, F6.14
photoperiod control, A22.14; F10.19 Predicted mean vote (PMV), F14.30 evaporative cooling systems, A51.1, 11, 16,
phytotrons, A22.18 comfort, F8.17 17
plant growth chambers, A22.16 Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F8.17 humidity parameters, F6.2
supplemental irradiance, A22.14; F10.18 Preschools, A6.1 industrial drying, A28.1
temperature, F10.15 Pressure moist air
Plate heat exchangers (PHEs), S11.28 absolute, F14.13 standard atmosphere, U.S., F6.1
Plenums aircraft cabins, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 thermal conductivity, F6.19
construction, S18.4 clean spaces, A16.15 thermodynamic properties, F6.2, 14
mixing, S4.7 differential, F14.13 transport properties, F6.19
sound attenuation, A47.12 conversion to head, A37.12 viscosity, F6.19
stratification in, A37.2 hospitals, A7.3, 4 perfect gas equations, F6.12
PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV) readout, A37.12 water at saturation, thermodynamic
Police stations, A8.1 dynamic, F14.13 properties, F6.2
Pollutant transport modeling. See gage, F14.13 PTACs. See Packaged terminal air
Contaminants, indoor, concentration measurement, A37.2; F14.13 conditioners (PTACs)
prediction sensors, F15.9 PTHPs. See Packaged terminal heat pumps
Pollution, air, and combustion, F18.6, 13 smoke control, A52.5, 9 (PTHPs)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), F9.6 stairwells, A52.9, 10 Public buildings. See Commercial and public
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), F9.6 static control, A46.8; F14.13 buildings
Polydimethylsiloxane, F21.12 steam systems, S10.4 Pulldown load, R46.5
Ponds, spray, S39.5 units, F14.13 Pumps
Pope cell, F14.12 vacuum, F14.13 centrifugal, S43
Positive positioners, F15.7 Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach affinity laws, S43.7
Potatoes equation) antifreeze effect on, S12.24
processed, R27.5 correlations, F4.11 arrangement, S43.10
storage, A51.14 in plate heat exchangers, F4.13 compound, S12.8
Poultry. (See also Animal environments; pipe sizing, F36.1 pumping
Chickens; Turkeys) two-phase fluid flow, F4.11 distributed, S43.12
chilling, R18.1 Pressure losses, district heating and cooling, parallel, S12.7; S43.10
decontamination, R18.4 S11.7 primary-secondary, S12.8; S43.11
freezing, R18.5 Primary-air systems, S5.10 series, S12.7; S43.11
packaging, R18.7 Printing plants, A18 variable-speed, S43.12
processing, R18.1, 4 air conditioning, A18.1 standby pump, S12.8; S43.11
processing plant sanitation, R18.9 air filtration, A18.4 two-speed motors, S43.11
recommended environment, A22.8 binding areas, A18.4 casing, S43.2
refrigeration, retail, R18.10 collotype printing rooms, A18.4 cavitation, S43.8
commissioning, S43.13 ambient temperature, A53.1 high-pressure, R3.3
construction, S43.1 angle factor, S15.5 piping, R3.14
efficiency, best efficiency point (BEP), effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2; S15.5 through-type, R3.15
S43.6 fixture efficiency, S15.4 halocarbon refrigerant, R2.21
energy conservation, S43.13 mean radiant temperature (MRT), A53.1; liquid overfeed systems, R1.7
impellers S6.1 Recycling refrigerants, R8.3
operation, S43.2 operative temperature, A53.1 Reflectors, S15.4
trimming, S43.5, 7, 8 pattern efficiency, S15.4 Refrigerant/absorbent pairs, F1.15
installation, S43.13 radiant flux distribution, S15.6 Refrigerant-control devices, R44
mixing, S12.8 radiation-generating ratio, S15.4 air conditioners, S48.6; S49.2
motors, S43.13 test instruments, A53.7 automobile air conditioners, A9.8
operation, S43.2, 13 total space heating, A53.6 capillary tubes, R44.23
performance Radiant time series (RTS), F30.20 coolers, liquid, S41.5
net positive suction, S43.8 load calculations, nonresidential, F30.1 heat pumps
operating point, S43.5 Radiation system, S8.7
pump curves, S12.6; S43.3, 5 atmospheric, A33.5 unitary, S48.10
power, S43.6 diffuse, F31.16, 37 lubricant separators, R44.22
radial thrust, S43.8 electromagnetic, F9.15 pressure transducers, R44.4
selection, S43.9 ground-reflected, F31.16 sensors, R44.4
types, S43.2 optical waves, F9.16 short tube restrictors, R44.30
variable-speed, S12.8 radiant balance, F3.12 switches
chilled-water, A41.2, 6, 16, 17 radio waves, F9.17 differential control, R44.2
sequencing, A41.16, 20 solar, A33.3 float, R44.3
condenser water, A41.6 thermal, F3.1, 8; S6.1 pressure control, R44.1
as fluid flow indicators, A37.13 angle factors, F3.10 valves, control

geothermal wells, A32.25 blackbody, F3.1, 8 check, R44.20
lineshaft, A32.6 spectral emissive power, F3.8 condenser pressure regulators, R44.14
submersible, A32.6 display cases, R46.4 condensing water regulators
hydronic snow melting, A50.13 energy transfer, F3.8 operation, R44.20
liquid overfeed systems, R1.5 exchange between surfaces, F3.11 year-round, R44.19
solar energy systems, A33.12 in gases, F3.12 expansion
systems, water, S12.6; S14.6 gray, F3.2, 8 constant pressure, R44.11, 13
variable-speed, A41.8, 17 heat transfer, F3.1 electric, R44.10
Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S42.11 infrared, F31.17 thermostatic, R44.5
Radiant heating and cooling, A53; S6.1; S15; Kirchoff’s law, F3.9 float, R44.16
S33.4. (See also Panel heating and cooling) monochromatic emissive power, F3.8 pressure relief devices, R44.21
applications, A53.8 nonblack, F3.8 solenoid, R44.17
asymmetry, A53.5 transient, F3.3 suction pressure regulators, R44.14
beam heating design, A53.4; S15.5 Radiators, S35.1, 5 Refrigerants, F19
control, A46.4 design, S35.3 absorption solutions, F20.1, 69
design, A53.2, 3 nonstandard condition corrections, S35.3 ammonia, F20.1, 34–35; R5.3
direct infrared, A53.1, 4, 8 types, S35.1 chemical reactions, R5.5
equations, A53.2 Radioactive gases, contaminants, F12.18 refrigeration system practices, R3.1
floor reradiation, A53.5 Radiometers, A53.7 ammonia/water, F20.1, 69
infrared, A53.1, 4, 8; S15 Radio stations, A3.8 analysis, R5.4
beam heater design, S15.5 Radon, F9.9, 11, 16 automobile air conditioners, A9.11
control, S15.4 control, A43.3; A45.12; F27.18 azeotropic, F1.6
efficiency, S15.3 indoor concentrations, F12.16 bakeries, R28.7
electric, S15.2 Rail cars carbon dioxide, F20.1, 38–39
energy conservation, S15.1 air conditioning, A9.15 refrigeration system practices, R3.26
gas-fired, S15.1 air distribution, A9.17 cascade refrigeration systems, R39.3
indirect, S15.2 heaters, A9.17 CFC conversion, R7.27
maintenance, S15.5 vehicle types, A9.15 compatibility with other materials, R5.8
oil-fired, S15.3 Railroad tunnels, ventilation database, R5.11
precautions, S15.4 design, A13.15 elastomers, R5.10
reflectors, S15.4 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.25 electrical insulation, R5.8
installation, A53.8 equipment, A13.31 plastics, R5.10
intensity, S15.1 locomotive cooling requirements, A13.15 compositional groups, R5.1
panels, A53.1, 8; S33.4; S35.6 tunnel aerodynamics, A13.16 ammonia, R5.3
applications, A53.8 tunnel purge, A13.16 chlorofluorocarbons, R5.1
control, A46.4 RANS. See Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes fluoroethanes, R5.3
cooling, A53.1 (RANS) equation fluoroethers, R5.3
heating, S33.4 Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit fluoromethanes, R5.3
hydronic systems, S35.6 systems fluoropropanes, R5.3
radiation patterns, A53.5 Rayleigh number, F3.14 hydrocarbons, R5.3
snow-melting systems, A50.16 RC curves. See Room criterion (RC) curves hydrochlorofluorocarbons, R5.1
terminology Receivers hydrofluorocarbons, R5.3
adjusted dry-bulb temperature, A53.1 ammonia refrigeration systems computer analysis, A39.12
contaminants in, R6 construction, R14.4 fish, R19.1
generation by high temperature, R5.8 controlled-atmosphere storage, R14.3 vegetables, R24.1
cryogenic fluids, F20.1, 54–67 controls, R11.10 food processing facilities, R27.1
electrical properties, F19.5, 6 design banana ripening rooms, R23.5
emissions, R8.1 building configuration, R14.1 control of microorganisms, R12.3
environmental acceptability, R5.1 initial building considerations, R14.1 meat plants, R17.1
halocarbons, F20.1; R5.3 location, R14.1 food service equipment, R47
azeotropic blends, F20.1, 33 shipping and receiving docks, R14.3 fruits, fresh, R22.1; R23
ethane series, F20.1, 10–21 single-story structures, R14.2 halocarbon systems, R2
flow rate, R2.1 specialized storage facilities, R14.3 accessories, R2.28
hydrolysis, R5.5 stacking arrangement, R14.2 heat exchangers, R2.28
methane series, F20.1, 2–3 utility space, R14.3 lubricant management, R2.10
propane series, F20.1, 25 freezers, R14.10 piping, R2.2
refrigeration system practices, R2.1 insulation, R14.12 refrigerant receivers, R2.23
thermal stability, R5.4 load calculations, R13.1 subcoolers, R2.29
zeotropic blends, F20.1, 26–31 refrigerated rooms, R14.4 valves, R2.10
hydrocarbons, F20.1; R5.3 refrigeration systems heat reclaim, service water heating, A49.4, 25
ethane, F20.1, 42–43 condensate drains, R14.9 ice rinks, R35.1
ethylene, F20.50–51 defrosting, R14.9 insulation, R33.1
isobutane, F20.48–49 fan-coil units, R14.8 liquid overfeed systems, R1.1
methane, F20.1, 40–41 multiple installations, R14.10 loads, R13.1; R27.3
n-butane, F20.1, 46–47 unitary, R14.7 low-temperature
propane, F20.1, 44–45 valves, R14.9 autocascade systems, R39.1
propylene, F20.1, 52–53 sanitation, R11.10 cascade systems, R39.3
leak detection, F19.7, R8.2; R45.4 temperature pulldown, R14.15 heat transfer, R39.9
lines vapor retarders, R14.5, 12 material selection, R39.6
oil management, R2.10 Refrigeration, F1.1. (See also Absorption) secondary coolants, R39.11
sizing, R2.2 absorption cycle, F1.13 single-refrigerant systems, R39.2
lithium bromide/water, F20.1, 69 air coolers, forced-circulation, R42.1 lubricant coolers, R43.2
lubricant solutions, R7.8 air transport, R32.3, 4 marine, R31
moisture in, R6.1 ammonia systems, R3 fishing vessels, R31.7
performance, F19.6 compressors ships’ stores, R31.4
phaseout, F19.1 cooling, R3.11, 12 refrigerated-facility design, R14.1
costs, A36.8 piping, R3.10, 12 retail food store systems, R46.12
piping, R2.1 types, R3.2 secondary coolant systems, R4.1
design, R33.1 controls, R3.6 applications, R4.5
insulation, R33.1 converting systems, R3.21 coolant selection, R4.1
pressure drop equipment, R3.2 design
discharge lines, R2.5 evaporative condensers, R3.15 control valves, R4.2
liquid lines, R2.2 liquid recirculation (overfeed), R3.21, 22 expansion tanks, R4.3, 5
suction lines, R2.4 lubricant management, R3.6 piping, R4.2
properties, F19.1, 4; R5.1, 4 multistage systems, R3.20 pulldown time, R4.4
rail car air conditioning, A9.15 piping, R3.7 storage tanks, R4.2
reclamation, R8.3 safety, R3.25 system costs, R4.5
removing contaminants, R8.2 system selection, R3.1 soils, subsurface, R36.3, 4
recovery, R8.2 two-stage screw compressor, R3.20 systems
recycling, R8.3 valves, R3.8 charging, factory, R45.4
safety, F19.7 vessels, R3.3 chemical reactions, R5.4
classifications, F19.2 autocascade systems, R39.1 component balancing, R43.1
sound velocity, F19.5 azeotropic mixture, F1.6 contaminant control, R6
systems beverage plants, R26.11 of moisture, R6.1
chemistry, R5.1 biomedical applications, R40.1 retrofitting, during, R6.9
lubricants, R7.1 breweries, R26.3 copper plating, R5.7
thermodynamic properties carbon dioxide systems, R3.26 dehydration, factory, R45.1
pressure-enthalpy diagrams, F20.1 cascade systems design balance points, R43.2
saturated liquid and vapor data, F20.1 compressors, R39.5 energy and mass balance, R43.3
tabular data, F20.1 refrigerants, R39.4 evaluating system chemistry, R5.10
thermophysical properties, R3.26 chemical industry, R37.1, 2, 5 moisture in, R45.1
transport properties, F20.1 coefficient of performance (COP), F1.3, 13 performance, R43.4
water/steam, F20.1, 36–37 compression cycles reactions, R5.7
zeotropic, F1.6, 9 Carnot cycle, F1.6, 7 testing, factory, R45.4
Refrigerant transfer units (RTU), liquid Lorenz cycle, F1.9 ultralow-temperature, R39.1
chillers, S42.12 multistage, F1.10 wineries, R26.8
Refrigerated facilities, R14 zeotropic mixture, F1.9 Refrigeration load, R13. (See also Load
air concrete, R36.1 calculations)
circulation, R11.10 condensers, cascade, R43.1 calculations, air-and-water systems, S5.11
purification, R11.10 food Refrigeration oils, R7. (See also Lubricants)
automated, R14.4, 15 eggs and egg products, R21.1 Refrigerators
commercial radiant panels, S6.6 R-values, F25.12
blast, R47.3 surface film, F23.1 wall interface, A43.7
energy efficiency, R47.7 water vapor, F23.2 Room air distribution, A56
freezers, R47.3 Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), F14.6; Room criterion (RC) curves, A47.31; F7.17
temperatures, R47.2 F15.8 Mark II, A47.32
types, R47.1 Resistivity, thermal, F23.1 Root mean square (RMS), F14.1
cryocoolers, R38.11 Resource utilization factor (RUF), F17.5 Rotary vane compressors, S37.13
food service, R47.1 Respiration of fruits and vegetables, R9.18 Rotative speed, F14.26
household Restaurants Roughness factors, ducts, F35.7
absorption cycle, R41.8 air balancing, A31.18 RTDs. See Resistance temperature devices
cabinet construction, R48.3 air conditioning, A3.4, 5 (RTDs)
defrosting, R48.6 commercial and public buildings, A3.4 RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS)
design and construction, R48.1 energy conservation, A31.21 RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units (RTU)
efficiency, R48.1 kitchen ventilation, A31.1 RUF. See Resource utilization factor (RUF)
ice makers, R48.3 service water heating, A49.13, 14, 19 Rusting, of building components, F23.5
refrigeration systems, R48.5 Retail facilities, A2 R-values, F3; F23; F25; F26. (See also
testing, R48.9 air conditioning, A2.1 Resistance, thermal)
mortuary, R47.3 convenience centers, A2.6 calculation
retail food store department stores, A2.5 modified zone method, F25.11
display, A2.3; R46.1 design considerations, A2.1 overall thermal resistances; F25.2
storage, R46.11 discount and big-box stores, A2.2 zone method, F25.10
walk-in, R47.3 load determination, A2.1 calculation, F3.18
Regulators. (See also Valves) malls, A2.6 ceilings, F25.12
condenser pressure, R44.14 multiple-use complexes, A2.7 masonry construction, F25.3
condensing water, R44.19 refrigeration, R46.1, R47 roofs, F25.12

draft, S34.30 shopping centers, A2.6 steel frame construction, F25.9
pressure, steam, S10.9 small stores, A2.1 wood frame construction, F25.2
suction pressure, R44.14 supermarkets, A2.2 Safety
Residential systems, A1 refrigerators, R46.1 against attacks, A58.1
air cleaners, S28.9 service water heating, A49.14 air cleaners, A45.14; S28.12
air leakage, F27.13 Retrofit performance monitoring, A40.3 ammonia systems, R3.25
calculation, F27.21 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) automatic controls, A46.20
climatic infiltration zones, F27.16 equation, F34.3 burners, S30.1, 2, 19
dehumidifiers, A1.5 Reynolds number, F2.3; F3.14 chemical plants, R37.2
duct construction, S18.2 Rice, drying, A23.9; F11.13 cryogenic equipment, R38.28
equipment sizing, A1.2 RMS. See Root mean square (RMS) electrical, A55.1
forced-air systems Road tunnels, A13.4 filters, air, S28.12
air outlets and returns, S9.3 carbon monoxide industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S29.29
selection, S9.10 allowable concentrations, A13.7 nuclear facilities, A26.1
controls, S9.3 analyzers and recorders, A13.9, 10 refrigerants, F19.2, 7
design, S9.1, 3 computer analysis, A13.2 service water heating, A49.9
distribution design, S9.7 vehicle emissions, A13.7 solar energy systems, A33.24
ducts, S9.6 ventilation thermal insulation and fires, F26.4
efficiency testing, S9.11 air quantities, A13.7, 8 thermal insulation for, F26.2
furnace, S32.1 computer analysis, A13.2 UVGI systems, S16.8
heating performance controls, A13.9 water systems, S14.9
climate effect, S9.15 ducts, A13.8 wood stoves, S33.6
dynamic simulation model (HOUSE), emergency, A13.1 Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control,
S9.12 air quantities, A13.8 A48.7
factors, S9.12 enclosed facility, A13.4 Sanitation
night setback effect, S9.15, 16 enhancements, A13.7 food production facilities, R12
zone control, S9.9 equipment, A13.31 control of microorganisms, R12.4
furnaces, S32.1 hybrid, A13.7 egg processing, R21.12
gas burners, S30.5 mechanical, A13.4 HACCP, R12.4
heating and cooling systems, A1.1 natural, A13.4 meat processing, R17.1
humidifiers, S9.1; S21.5 normal air quantities, A13.7 poultry processing, R18.9
kitchen ventilation, A31.27 normal conditions, A13.1 regulations and standards, R12.5
load calculations, F29.1 pressure evaluation, A13.8 refrigerated storage facilities, R11.10
oil burners, S30.11 temporary, A13.1 Scale
ventilation, F27.15 Rodents, and farm crop storage, F11.8 control, A48.4
water heating, A49.11 Roof ponds, Legionella pneumophila control, humidifiers, S21.4
Resistance, thermal, F3.2, 26; F23. (See also A48.7 service water systems, A49.8
R-values) Roofs water treatment, A48.4
calculation, F3.2 air movement, A43.6 Schematic design, A57.8
contact, F3.26 insulation, A43.5; F24.3 Schneider system, R14.7
of flat assembly, F23.2 membrane roof systems, F24.9 Schools
of flat building components, F23.2 moisture control, A43.6; F24.9 air conditioning, A6.3
overall, F3.18 radiant barriers, A43.5 service water heating, A49.21
elementary, A49.13 devices, indoor, F31.54 smoke movement
high schools, A49.13, 16 fenestration, F31.2 buoyancy, A52.3
Security. See Chemical, biological, Sheep, F10.9 expansion, A52.3
radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents Ship docks, A3.10 HVAC systems, A52.4
Seeds Ships, A11 stack effect, A52.2
drying, F11.13 air conditioning wind, A52.3
storage, A23.11 air distribution, A11.3, 4 stairwells
Seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1 controls, A11.3, 4 analysis, A52.10
anchor bolts, A54.14 design criteria, A11.1, 3 compartmentation, A52.9
design, A54.1 equipment selection, A11.2, 4 open doors, A52.10
design calculations systems, A11.2, 4 pressurization, A52.10, 11
examples, A54.15–21 cargo holds, R31.2 pressurized, A52.9
static analysis, A54.3, 7 cargo refrigeration, R31.1 zones, A52.12
duct construction, S18.6 coils, A11.4 Smudging air outlets, S19.3
dynamic analysis, A54.2 ducts, A11.3 Snow-melting systems, A50
installation problems, A54.22 fish freezing, R31.8 back and edge heat losses, A50.6, 8
snubbers, A54.15 fish refrigeration control, A50.10
terminology, A54.2 icing, R19.1; R31.7 electric system design
weld capacities, A54.15 refrigerated seawater, R19.2; R31.8 constant wattage systems, A50.15
Sensible heat merchant, A11.1 electrical equipment, A50.13
load calculations, F29; F30 naval surface, A11.3 gutters and downspouts, A50.17
psychrometrics, F6.18 refrigerated stores, R31.4 heat flux, A50.13
ratio, S49.2 refrigeration systems, R31.1 idling, A50.18
refrigeration load, R13 regulatory agencies, A11.3 heating elements, A50.13
Sensors Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 infrared systems, A50.16

automatic controls, F15.7, 9 Skating rinks, R35.1 installation, A50.16
location, A46.23 Skylights, and solar heat gain, F31.40 mineral insulated cable, A50.13
Separators, lubricant, R44.22 Slab heating, A50 free area ratio, A50.1
Service water heating, A49 Slab-on-grade foundations, A43.2 freeze protection systems, A50.10, 17
combined heat and power (CHP), S7.43 moisture control, A43.3 heat balance, A50.1
commercial and institutional, A49.11 SLF. See Shade line factor (SLF) heating requirement
corrosion, A49.8 SLR. See Solar-load ratio (SLR) annual operating data, A50.8
design considerations, A49.4 Smoke management, A52 heat flux equations, A50.2
distribution system acceptance testing, A52.18 hydronic and electric, A50.1
for commercial kitchens, A49.7 atriums, A52.12 load frequencies, A50.6
manifolding, A49.8 computer analysis, A52.12, 14 surface size, A50.6
piping, A49.4 design transient heat flux, A50.6
pressure differential, A49.5 door-opening forces, A52.6 weather data, A50.6
return pump sizing, A49.6 flow areas wind speed, A50.6
two-temperature service, A49.8 airflow paths, A52.6 hydronic system design
geothermal energy, A32.9 effective, A52.7 components, A50.10
indirect, A49.3, 25 open doors, A52.8 controls, A50.13
industrial, A49.23 pressure differences, A52.8 fluid heater, A50.12
Legionella pneumophila, A49.9 weather data, A52.8 heat transfer fluid, A50.10
pipe sizing, F36.9 duct design, F35.14 piping, A50.11
requirements, A49.11 elevators, A52.11 pump selection, A50.13
residential, A49.11 hospitals, A7.5 thermal stress, A50.13
safety, A49.9 in justice facilities, A8.3 operating costs, A50.10
scale, A49.8 large open spaces slab design, hydronic and electric, A50.8
sizing water heaters plugholing, A52.16 snow detectors, A50.10
instantaneous and semi-instantaneous, plume, A52.14 Snubbers, seismic, A54.15
A49.23 prestratification layer, A52.16 Sodium chloride brines, F21.1
refrigerant-based, A49.25 smoke filling, A52.14 Soft drinks, R26.10
storage heaters, A49.11, 15 steady clear height and upper layer Soils. (See also Earth)
solar energy, A33.13, 18, 25; A49.4 exhaust, A52.14 stabilization, R36.3, 4
steam, S10.1 steady fire, A52.13, 14 temperature calculation, S11.10
system planning, A49.2 unsteady fire, A52.13, 14 thermal conductivity, F25.13; S11.9
terminology, A49.1 zone fire models, A52.14 Solar angle, determining, F31.15
thermal storage, A34.11; S50.11 methods Solar energy, A33; S36.1
water heating equipment airflow, A52.5 active systems, A33.16, 17, 19
placement, A49.10 buoyancy, A52.6 airflow, A33.25
sizing, A49.11, 23, 25 compartmentation, A52.4, 9 collectors, A33.5, 6, 11, 25; S36.3
types, A49.2 dilution near fire, A52.5 array design
water quality, A49.8 pressurization, A52.5, 9, 10 piping, S36.7
SES. See Subway environment simulation remote dilution, A52.4 shading factor, S36.8
(SES) program rapid-transit systems, A13.12 concentrating, A33.8
Shading road tunnels, A13.8 construction
coefficient, F31.38 smoke dampers, A52.8 glazing, S36.4
insulation, S36.4 maintenance, A33.24 quality, F7.14
manifolds, S36.5 overheat protection, A33.24 wavelength, F7.2
design and installation, A33.25 passive systems, A33.16, 21 testing, A37.18
efficiency, A33.10 photovoltaic (PV) systems, A33.26; S36.18 time averaging, F7.4
flat plate, A33.5, 6 quality and quantity, A33.1 transmission, A37.19; A47.20
glazing materials, A33.7 radiation at earth’s surface, A33.3, 4 humidity affecting, S21.2
plates, A33.8 safety, A33.24 paths, F7.9
module design service water heating systems, A33.13, 18, troubleshooting, A37.20
piping, S36.5 25; A34.2; A49.4; S50.2 typical sources, F7.10
thermal expansion, S36.6 combined with space heating, A33.18 unit heaters, S27.6
velocity limits, S36.6 sizing heating and cooling systems, A33.19 Sound control, A47; F7
mounting, A33.23 spectrum, A33.3 acoustical design of HVAC systems, A47.1
performance, A33.9; S36.8 start-up procedure, A33.24 air handlers, S4.10
steady-state conditions, S36.8 thermal storage systems, A33.11, 25 A-weighted sound level (dBA), A47.32;
selection, S36.9 short circuiting, S36.13 F7.16
testing, S36.9 sizing, S36.14 barriers, A47.26; F7.11
types, S36.3 time, A33.1, 3 ceiling sound transmission, A47.30
constant, A33.1 types, S36.13 chillers, A47.10
control, A33.24, 26; S36.16 uses, A33.25 clean spaces, A16.17
automatic temperature, S36.16 Solar heat gain combustion turbines, S7.22
differential temperature controller, S36.16 calculation, F31.40 cooling towers, S39.10
hot-water dump, S36.17 coefficient, F31.36 data reliability, A47.1
overtemperature protection, S36.17 roof overhangs, F31.45 design, A47.2, 35; F7.15
cooling systems, A33.16, 18, 26 skylights, F31.40 ducts, A47.7; S18.4
absorption refrigeration, A33.18; S36.3, 9 Solar-load ratio (SLR), A33.21 sound attenuation, A47.12; F7.13
sizing, A33.19 Solar-optical glazing, F31.18 branch division, A47
types, A33.16 Solar radiation end reflection loss, A47.20
design, installation, operation checklist, daylighting, F31.1 insulated flexible, A47.16
A33.25 flux, F31.13 plenums, A47.12
design values, solar irradiation, A33.4 optical properties, F31.17 sheet metal, A47.15
domestic hot water, A33.13, 25 Solar-thermal separation, F31.43 silencers, A47.16
equipment, S36.1 Solid fuel sound transmission, A47.20
freeze protection, A33.24; S36.2, 17 burners, S30.17 enclosures, F7.13
heat exchangers, A33.12; S36.14 coal, F18.7 engines, S7.15
external, S36.15 coke, F18.10 engine test facilities, A15.4
freeze protection, S36.17 Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A28.6 equipment sound levels, A47.3
internal, S36.14 Soot, F18.16 fans, A47.4, 5
performance, S36.15 Sorbents, F22.1 fume hood duct design, A47.27
requirements, S36.14 Sorption isotherm, F23.6 hotels and motels, A5.7
heating systems, A33.16; A34.2; S50.2 Sound, F7. (See also Noise) indoor sound rating, A47.31
active, A33.16, 17 air outlets, S19.2 insertion loss, A47.16
air, S36.1, 7, 10 attenuators, A47.12 insulation, F23.17
components, A33.11 bandwidths, F7.4 justice facilities, A8.5, 6
control, A33.13 chillers, A47.10 mechanical equipment rooms, A47.28
design, S36.1 combustion, F18.16 noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.31; F7.16
direct circulation, S36.2 compressors, A47.10 outdoor
drain-down, A33.14 computerized analysis, A39.8 criteria, A47.35
hybrid, A33.16 cooling towers, S39.10 equipment, A47.26
indirect ducts, A47.7 piping, A47.44, 45
circulation, S36.2 loudness, F7.14 places of assembly, A4.1
drainback, A33.15; S36.2 measurement, F14.27 return air system sound transmission, A47.30
nonfreezing fluid, S36.2 basics, F7.5 rooftop air handlers, A47.6
water heating, A33.14 instrumentation, A37.18; F7.4 room criterion (RC) curves, A47.31, 32;
integral collector storage systems, level meter, F7.4 F7.17
A33.15; S36.3 power, F7.2 room sound correction, A47.24
liquid, S36.7, 10 pressure, F7.1 standards, A47.48
freezing protection, S36.2 rating methods, A47.31 terminology, F7.11
passive, A33.16 speed, F7.2 transmission loss, A47.21
pool heating, A33.15 terminology troubleshooting, A37.20; A47.46
recirculation, A33.15 bandwidths, F7.8 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A47.5
residential, A1.4 controlling, F7.11 Soybeans, drying, A23.7; F11.13
sizing, A33.19 decibel, F7.1 Specific heat
thermosiphon, A33.13 frequency, F7.2 equation, F1.4
heat pump systems, S8.4 frequency spectrum, F7.15 foods, R9.7
hybrid systems, A33.16 intensity, F7.3 liquids, F39.2
hydraulics, A33.25 level, F7.1 materials, F39.1
installation, A33.23 loudness, F7.14 Spot cooling
irradiation, A33.4 pressure, F7.1 evaporative, A51.12
industrial environments, A29.3, 5; A51.12 return pipes, S11.19 eggs, R21.5
makeup air units, S27.8 convection heating, S10.11 farm crops, A23.9; F11.1
mines, A27.10 design, S10.2; S35.3 fish
Spot heating, A53.4 piping, S10.5 fresh, R19.3
Stack effect pressure, S10.4 frozen, R19.7
duct design, F35.2 distribution, S10.12 flowers, cut, R11.12
multizone airflow modeling, F34.14 district heating and cooling, S11.18 food, canned or dried, R11.11
smoke movement, A52.2 district heating and cooling, S11.3, 19, 30 fruit
Stadiums, A4.4 flash steam, S10.14 dried, R29.7
Stainless steel boilers, S31.3 percentage, S10.2 fresh, R22.1
Stairwells, smoke control, A52.9 flash tank, S10.14 furs and fabrics, R11.11
Standard atmosphere, U.S., F6.1 gas, effects of, S10.2 ice, R34.4
Standards, S51. (See also Codes) generator buildings, A25.4 meat products, frozen, R17.16
air cleaners, S28.3, 5 heat exchangers, S10.3 milk, R20.4
air conditioners, S48 heating, A48.11 nursery stock, R11.12
packaged terminal, S49.7 heat recovery nuts, R29.7
room, S49.4 direct recovery, S10.15 photographic materials, A20.3, 4
unitary, S48.5, 6 flash steam, S10.14 unprocessed, A20.1
air distribution, A56.1 waste heat boilers, S10.3 potatoes, A51.14
boilers, S31.5 makeup air units, S27.9 poultry products, R18.10
chimneys, fireplaces, and gas vents, one-pipe systems, S10.11; 1993 refrigerated-facility design, R14.1
S34.29, 35 Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 18-19 (See seeds, A23.11; R11.13
condensers, S38 explanation on first page of index.) tanks, secondary coolant systems, R4.2
evaporative, S38.18 piping vegetables, R24.3
water-cooled, S38.7 distribution, S10.5 dried, R29.7

coolers, liquid, S41.4 Hartford loop, S10.3 wine, R26.10
data processing, A17.15 inlet orifices, S10.12 wood products, A24.2
dehumidifiers, room, S24.3 return, S10.3, 6 Stoves, heating, S33.5
duct construction, S18.1 sizing, F36.12 Stratification
commercial, S18.2 supply, S10.3, 5, 12 of air
industrial, S18.4 terminal equipment, S10.6 in places of assembly, A4.2
residential, S18.2 temperature control, S10.13 in plenums, A37.2
electrical, A55.15 terminal equipment of water, in thermal storage tanks, A34.4;
filters, air, S28.3, 5 forced-convection, S10.11 S50.4
furnaces, S32.11 natural convection, S10.11 Stroboscopes, F14.26
heaters, S33.6, 7 units, S35.1 Subcoolers
heat pumps, S48 piping design, S10.6 condensers, S38
packaged terminal, S49.7 radiant panel, S10.11 evaporative, S38.17
unitary, S48.5, 6 traps, S10.7 water-cooled, S38.5
water-source, S48.12 turbines, S7.25 two-stage, R2.29
indoor air quality (IAQ), F9.9 two-pipe systems, S10.12 Subway environment simulation (SES)
liquid chillers; S42.5 unit program, A13.2
makeup air units, S27.9 heaters, S27.4 Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit
motors, S44.2, 10 ventilators, S27.1 systems)
nuclear facilities, A26.10 valves car air conditioning, A9.16
pipe fittings, S45.2 pressure-reducing, S10.9 station air conditioning, A13.13
piping, S11.19; S45.6 safety, S10.9 ventilation, A13.10
sound control, A47.48 temperature control, S10.13 Suction risers, R3.24
vibration control, A47.48 water, effects of, S10.2 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F18.6
Stanton number, F3.14 Steam traps, S10.7 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R38.5
Static electricity and humidity, S21.2 Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F3.1, 8 Supervisory control, A41
Steam Stevens’ law, F13.3 air-handling systems
psychrometric properties, F6.19 Stirling cycle, R38.14 air distribution, A41.2
quality, S10.2 Stokers, S30.17 sequencing, A41.26
sources, S10.2 Storage set point reset, A41.27
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.14 apples, A51.14; R22.1, 3 boilers, optimizing, A41.3
thermophysical properties, F20.1, 36–37 controlled atmosphere, R22.1, 3 building temperature set point
Steam systems, S10 bakery ingredients, R28.1 night setback recovery, A41.27
air, effects of, S10.2 candy, R29.5 precooling, A41.28
boilers, S10.3, S31.1 carbon dioxide, R26.12 chilled-water pumps, A41.6, 16, 17
classification, S10.2 citrus, A51.14; R23.3 chillers
coils, air-heating, S26.1 cold, facility design, R14.1 load distribution, A41.21
combined heat and power (CHP) distribution, compressed gases, A14.8 sequencing, A41.6, 20, 23
S7.44 controlled-atmosphere (CA), R14.3 computerized, A39.14
combined steam and water, S10.15 cryogenic fluids, R38.26 cooling systems without storage, A41.5
condensate removal, S10.6 desiccant dehumidification, S23.8 cooling tower fans, A41.8, 12
drainage and return, S11.7 high-pressure, S23.11 cool thermal storage systems, A41.29
drip stations, S11.7 design, refrigerated-facility, R14.1 ice storage control optimization, A41.37
forecasting energy requirements, A41.31 variable-air-volume (VAV), A47.6 dampers, F35.18
optimization methods bypass, S19.10 design considerations, A37.1
dynamic, A41.36 ceiling, S19.8 dual-duct systems, A37.4
static, A41.32 chilled beams, S5.7 duct design, F35.13, 17
system based, A41.33 constant volume, S4.16 energy audit field survey, A37.17
performance measures, A41.2 dual-duct, S19.8 fluid flow measurement, A37.11
Supply air outlets, S19.1. (See also Air outlets) fan-coil, S5.4 HVAC systems, A37.1
Surface effect. See Coanda effect fan-powered, A46.14; S4.16; S19.9 hydronic systems, A37.6
Surface transportation humidifiers, S4.17 heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7
automobiles, A9.1 induction, A46.15; S4.16 water-side balancing
buses, A9.13 induction units, S5.8 instrumentation, A37.8
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.18 radiant floor heat, S5.8 proportional method, A37.9
mass transit, A9.12 radiant panels, S5.8 rated differential method, A37.10
rail cars, A9.15 reheat, S19.8 sizing balancing valves, A37.8
Surface water heat pump (SWHP) steam systems, S10.11 temperature difference method, A37.9
heat exchanger, S48.12 throttling, S4.16 total heat transfer method, A37.11
subset of GSHPs, A32.11 unit ventilators, S5.6 induction systems, A37.5
Sustainability variable-air-volume (VAV), S4.16 instruments, A37.3
chimney, S34.1 Terrorism. See Chemical, biological, sound transmission problems, A37.19, 24
Sustainability, F17.2, S48.2 radiological, and explosive (CBRE) incidents steam distribution systems, A37.14
design, A56.2 Testing temperature controls, A37.16
in integrated building design, A57.3 air cleaners, A45.15; S28.3 terminology, A37.1
unitary systems, S48.2 air conditioners, packaged terminal, S49.7 variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.6
SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) air leakage, fan pressurization, F27.12 TETD/TA. See Total equivalent temperature
SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) clean spaces, A16.6 differential method with time averaging
Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums) compressors (TETD/TA)
dehumidifiers, S24.4 centrifugal, S37.32 TEWI. See Total equivalent warning impact
solar heating, A33.15 positive-displacement, S37.5 (TEWI)
water chemistry, A4.7 condensers, S38 Textile processing plants, A19
water heating for, A49.22 evaporative, S38.18 air conditioning design
Swine water-cooled, S38.7 air cleaning, A19.5, 7
growth, F10.10 cooling towers, A37.15; S39.15 air distribution, A19.6
heat and moisture production, F10.11 desiccant dehumidification for, S23.10, 11 collector systems, A19.5
recommended environment, A22.7 duct efficiency, S9.11 health considerations, A19.7
reproduction, F10.11 fans, S20.4 energy conservation, A19.7
Symbols, F37 filters, air, S28.3 fabric making, A19.3
Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F9.5 heaters, S33.7 fiber making, A19.1
Tachometers, F14.26 heat pumps yarn making, A19.2
Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R4.2 packaged terminal air conditioners TFM. See Transfer function method (TFM)
Television studios, A3.8 (PTACs), S49.7 Theaters, A4.3
Temperature water-source, S48.12 Thermal bridges, F23.4
ambient, A53.1 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8 building envelopes, A43.8
animal environments, F10.3 radiant heating system, A53.7 Thermal comfort. See Comfort
changeover, S5.11, 13 refrigeration systems Thermal control, F23
dew-point, F6.12, 13 leak detection, R45.4 and moisture control, F23.1; F24.1
dry-bulb, adjusted, A53.1 performance testing, R45.5 terminology, F23.1
effective, A51.11; F8.19 refrigerators, household, R48.9 Thermal diffusivity, F23.1
humid operative, F8.20 smoke control systems, A52.18 Thermal emittance, F23.2
mean radiant, A53.1; F8.10; F14.29; S6.1 solar collectors, S36.9 Thermal energy storage (TES), S17.4
measurement, F14.4 sound Thermal mass, of buildings, A43.11
odors affected by, F13.2 instrumentation, A37.18 (See also Building thermal mass)
operative, A53.1 procedure, A37.19 Thermal properties of food, R9
plane radiant, F8.11; F14.29 transmission problems, A37.19, 24 Thermal resistivity, F23.1
plant environments, F10.15 vibration Thermal storage, A34; S50
radiant asymmetry, F8.11 equipment, A37.22 applications, A34.16; S50.16
sensors, F15.8 instrumentation, A37.21 benefits, A34.3; S50.3
sol-air, F30.22 isolators, A37.21; A47.47 building mass, A34.14; S50.14
vertical differences, F8.14 piping transmission, A37.24 combined heat and power (CHP), S7.40
wet-bulb, F6.12, 13 procedure, A37.21 controls, A34.1; S50.1
globe, F8.20 Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also sequence, A34.23; S50.23
wet-globe, F8.21 Balancing) strategies, A41.27
wind chill index, F8.21 air diffusers, A37.2 precooling, A41.28
Temperature-controlled transport, R30.1 air distribution systems, A37.3 cool storage, A34.1, 17; A41.2; S50.1, 17
Temperature index, S21.2 reporting results, A37.6 district cooling, A34.17; S50.17
Terminal units, A46.14; S19.8 airflow measurement, A37.2 district heating, A34.7; S50.7
air distribution, 15 balancing procedure, A37.5 district heating and cooling, S11.4
boxes central plant chilled-water systems, A37.14 electrically charged storage, A34.11; S50.11
reheat, A46.14; S4.16 cooling towers, A37.15 brick storage heaters, A34.12; S50.12
central furnace, A34.13; S50.13 pure substance, F1.2 Turbines, S7
heat pump boosters, A34.13; S50.13 refrigeration cycle analysis, F1.3 benefits, S17.2
room units, A34.12; S50.12 saturated liquid or vapor, F1.2 chiller systems, S17.4
underfloor heat, A34.14; S50.14 subcooled liquid, F1.2 combustion, S7.18, 46; S17.1
water heaters, A34.11, 13; S50.11, 13 superheated vapor, F1.2 Brayton cycle, S7.18
equipment terminology, F1.1 components, S7.18
cooling, A34.4; S50.4 vapor, F1.2 controls, S7.22
heating, A34.11; S50.11 Thermometers, F14.4 dual-shaft, S7.19
heat storage, A34.1, 11; S50.1, 11 black globe, A53.7 emissions, S7.22
ice storage, A34.1, 2; R34.3; S50.1, 2 error sources, F14.5 evaporative cooling applications, S7.21;
charging and discharging, A41.29 infrared S17.3
control optimization, A41.37 radiometers, A53.7; F14.9 exhaust gas systems, S7.22
encapsulated ice, A34.2, 9, 11; S50.2, 9, thermography, F14.10 fuels, S7.20
11 liquid-in-glass, F14.4 heat recovery, S7.37
harvesting system, A34.2, 9; S50.2, 9 resistance instruments, S7.22
ice on coil, A34.1, 7, 8; S50.1, 7, 8 semiconductors, F14.7 lubrication, S7.22
piping, A34.21; S50.21 temperature devices (RTDs), F14.6 maintenance, S7.22
slurries, A34.10; S50.10 thermistors, F14.6 noise control, S7.22
industrial refrigeration, A34.17; S50.17 thermocouples, F14.7 performance, S7.19
insulation, A34.6; S50.6 Thermopile, F14.9; F15.4; R36.4 single-shaft, S7.19
latent energy change, A34.2; S50.2 Thermosiphons split-shaft, S7.19
media, A34.2, 4; S50.2, 4 heat exchangers, S25.14 starting systems, S7.22
mission-critical operations, A34.17; S50.17 solar energy systems, A33.13 thermal output, S7.34
off-peak Thermostats engine test facilities, gas, A15.3
heating, A34.11; S50.11 heater control, S33.2, 4 expansion, S7.31; S42.1

operation, A34.23; S50.23 heating/cooling, F15.10 fogging, S17.3
phase-change materials, A34.2, 11, 21; S50.2, location, A46.23 gas, S7.18
11, 21 types, F15.10 evaporative cooling, A51.13
piping, ice storage, A34.21; S50.21 Three-pipe distribution, S5.4 microturbines S7.18
process cooling, A34.17; S50.17 Tobacco, drying, F11.14 steam
retrofits, A34.12; S50.12 Tobacco smoke applications, S7.47
solar energy systems, A33.11, 16, 25; A34.2; contaminants, A45.2, 7, 11; F12.2, 17 axial flow, S7.25
S36.3, 10; S50.2 environmental (ETS), F9.6 heat recovery
system sizing, A34.17; S50.17 Tollbooths extraction turbines, S7.38
terminology, A34.1; S50.1 air quality criteria, A13.25 noncondensing turbines, S7.38
water storage, A34.4, 27; S50.4, 27 ventilation, A13.25, 31 maintenance, S7.31
aquifers, A34.6; S50.6 Total equivalent temperature differential wetted media, S17.3
performance, A34.5; S50.5 method with time averaging (TETD/TA), Turbochargers, heat recovery, S7.35
tank insulation, A34.6; S36.12; S50.6 F30.45 Turbulence modeling, F34.3
temperature range, A34.4; S50.4 Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI), identification, F34.10
thermal stratification, A34.4, 5; S50.4, 5 R5.1; R46.16 Turbulent flow, fluids, F2.3
water heaters, A34.11, 13; S50.11, 13 Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R30. (See Turkeys. (See also Animal environments;
water systems, medium and high temperature, also Cargo containers) Poultry)
S14.9 Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F15.9 growth, F10.13
water treatment, A34.6; S50.6 Transfer function method (TFM), A39.6; heat and moisture production, F10.14
Thermal transmission data, F25.1 F30.20, 45, 50 reproduction, F10.13
Thermistors, R44.4 Transmittance, thermal, F23.1 Turndown ratio, design capacity, S12.4
Thermocouples, R44.4 of flat building component, F23.4 Two-pipe systems, S5.4; S12.19
Thermodynamics, F1.1 thermal bridging, F23.4 air-to-transmission ratio, S5.12
absorption refrigeration cycles, F1.13 hot-box method, F23.4 central ventilation, S5.12
bubble point, F1.5 Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F15.9 changeover temperature, S5.13
compressed liquid, F1.2 Transpiration, R9.19 chilled-water, S12.19
compression refrigeration cycles, F1.6 Transportation centers electric heat, S5.14
cooling and freezing of foods, R10.1 commercial and public buildings, A3.9 nonchangeover design, S5.13
cycle, F1.2 ventilation, A13.10, 22 steam convection heating, S10.12
dew point, F1.6 Transport properties of refrigerants, F20.1 zoning, S5.14
dry saturated vapor, F1.2 Traps U.S. Marshal spaces, A8.5
enthalpy, F1.4 ammonia refrigeration systems U-factor
entropy, F1.4 liquid, R3.17 center-of-glass, F31.4
equations of state, F1.3 liquid level indicators, R3.5 doors, F25.12; F31.11
laws, F1.2 purge units, R3.5 edge-of-glass, F31.4
liquid, F1.2 suction accumulator, R3.4 fenestration products, F31.6
multicomponent systems, F1.5 vertical suction, R3.4 frame, F31.4
principles, F1.1 steam systems, S10.7 thermal transmittance, F31.4
process, F1.2 thermostatic, S10.7 windows, F25.12
properties, F1.2 Trucks, refrigerated, R30. (See also Cargo Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S28.7;
calculation, F1.4 containers) S29.2
zeotropic mixture, F1.9 Tuning automatic control systems, F15.16 Ultraviolet (UV) light, S16
fixture configurations, S16.5 condensing-pressure-regulating, R44.14 variable-speed drives, S44.9
lamps, S16.1, 3 constant-pressure expansion, R44.13 Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), S48.1, 13
germicidal, S16.3 control valves, F2.7 Variable-speed drives, S44.9
aging, S16.5 coefficient, F2.9 carrier frequencies
ballasts S16.4 discharge bypass, R44.15 effect on drive ratings, S44.12
cooling and heating effects, S16.5 expansion effect on motor noise, S44.11
maintenance, S16.8 constant-pressure, R44.11, 13 conductor impedance, S44.10
photodegradation, S16.8 electric, R44.10 control, S44.9
systems, S16.1 thermostatic, R44.5 harmonic disturbances, S44.12
terminology, S16.1 float control, R44.16 load side, S44.13
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), flow coefficient, S46.2, 9 motors, S44.10
S16.1 geothermal energy, A32.7 impedance, S44.10
fundamentals, S16.2 halocarbon refrigeration systems pulse-width modulation, S44.10
lamp irradiance, S16.5 equivalent lengths, R2.10 transistors, S44.9
systems, S16.6 float control, R2.26 voltage waveform distortion, S44.12
in-duct airstream disinfection, S16.6 hydronic systems VAV. See Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems
safety, S16.8 control, S12.15 Vegetables, R24
surface disinfection, S16.6 safety relief, S12.20 air transport, R32.1
upper-air, S16.7 manual, S46.3 cooling, R15.1
Uncertainty analysis materials, S46.1 deterioration rate, R11.1
measurement, A40.12, 13 multiple-purpose, S46.10 display refrigerators, R46.8
precision uncertainty, F14.3 noise, S46.2 dried, storage, R29.7
sources, F14.3 pressure drop, F36.1, 8 frozen, R27.3
systematic uncertainty, F14.3 pressure-reducing makeup water, S46.12 misters and Legionella pneumophila control,
statistical regression, A40.13 pressure relief, S46.11 A48.7

Unitary systems, S48 safety, R44.21 refrigeration, R24.1
floor-by-floor systems, S2.6 ratings, S46.1 storage, R24.3
heat pumps, S2.3; S48.1, 8, 10 refrigerant control, R44.5 thermal properties, R9.1
outdoor equipment, S2.8 regulating and throttling, R44.10 transport, R24.2
self-contained, S2.6 safety, S46.11 Vehicles
split systems, S2.6; S48.1 solar energy systems, A33.12 ac- or dc-powered, transit, A9.16
through-the-wall, S2.3 solenoid, R44.17; S46.6 design, R30.1
window-mounted, S2.3 steam system, S10.9, 13 equipment attachment provisions, R30.3
Unit heaters. See Heaters stop-check, S46.13 sanitation, R30.3
Units and conversions, F38.1 suction pressure regulating, R44.14 temperature-controlled, R30.1
Unit ventilators, S27.1 thermostatic, S10.13; S46.11 use, R30.9
Utility interfacing, electric, S7.44 water hammer, S46.2 Vena contracta, F2.4
UV. See Ultraviolet (UV) light zone control, S10.13 Vending machines, R47.5
UVGI. See Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Vaporization systems, S17.4 Ventilation, F27
(UVGI) Vapor pressure, F39.2 age of air, F27.4
Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, Vapor retarders, A43.3; F26.8 air change effectiveness, F27.4
R15.9 jackets, F26.8 aircraft, A10.1, 4
Validation, of airflow modeling, F34.9, 10, 17 Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems air exchange rate, F27.3, 10
Valves, S42. (See also Regulators) versus constant-air-volume (CAV), A14.12 airflow, F27.2
actuators, S46.5 control, A41.2, 27 animal environments, A22.5
ammonia refrigeration systems diversity, A37.5 bus garages, A13.20
control, R3.8 duct static pressure control, A46.8, 9 bus terminals, A13.22
float control, R3.19 fan cargo containers, R30.5
relief, R3.10 selection, A47.5 climatic infiltration zones, F27.16
solenoid, R3.10 sequencing, A46.10 dilution, A29.2; A45.5
stop, R3.8 unstable operation, A46.10 displacement, F33.10; S4.14
authority, S46.8 museums, galleries, archives, and libraries, design, F33.11
automatic, S46.4 A21.19 driving mechanisms, F27.10
actuators, S46.4 pressure-dependent systems, A37.4 effectiveness, F27.4
applications, S46.9 pressure-independent systems, A37.4 engine test facilities, A15.1
control computerized, S46.6 sound control, A47.5 forced, F27.1
control, F15.4 static pressure control, A37.4 gaseous contaminant control, A45.5
expansion, S22.2 static pressure reset, A41.27 greenhouses, A22.13
flow characteristics, S46.7 system types, A37.5 health care facilities, A7.1
sizing, S46.8 terminal boxes, A46.14; A47.6 hospitals, A7.2
types, S46.6 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.4 nursing facilities, A7.14
backflow-prevention devices, S46.13 Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, outpatient, A7.13
balancing, S46.9 all-air indoor air quality (IAQ), F27.9
sizing, A37.8 dual-duct, S4.12 industrial environments, A29
body styles, S46.2 single-duct, S4.11 exhaust systems, A30.1
cavitation, S46.2 dual-duct systems, S4.12 kitchens, A31
check, R44.20; S46.12 humidity control, S21.8 laboratories, A14.8
compressors, reciprocating, S37.10 single-duct, S4.11 leakage function, F27.12
mechanical, F27.1 connectors S50.4, 11, 27
mines, A27 expansion joint or arched, A47.45 vapor. (See also Moisture)
natatoriums, A4.6 flexible, A47.45 control, F23.2
natural hose, A47.45 flow, F23.2, 7
airflow, F27.1, 10 noise, A47.44 and heat flow, F23.5
guidelines, F27.11 resilient hangers and supports, A47.44 pressure, saturation, F23.8
stack effect, F27.11 places of assembly, A4.1 resistance, F23.2
wind, F27.10 resonance, A47.47 retarders, F24.8
nuclear facilities, A26.4 seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1 condensation, S21.2
odor dilution, F13.5 standards, A47.48 heating climates, F24.5
power plants, A25.3 troubleshooting, A37.23; A47.46 mixed climates, F24.7
railroad tunnels, A13.14 Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat refrigerant piping insulation,
rapid-transit systems, A13.10 release rate, A27.3 R33.4
residential, F27.15 Viscosity, F2.1 refrigerated facilities, R14.5, 12
road tunnels, A13.4 fuel oils, F18.5 warm/humid climates, F24.8
roof ventilators, A29.3 lubricants, R7.5 terminology, F23.2
security concerns, A58.3 modeling, F34.10 transmission, F25.1
ships, A11.1 moist air, F6.19 Water heaters
terminology, F27.1 Volatile organic compounds (VOC), F9.8 blending injection, A49.4
thermal loads, F27.9 contaminants, A45.2 boilers (indirect), A49.25
tollbooths, A13.24 Voltage, A55.1 circulating tank, A49.4
unidirectional, F33.12 imbalance, S44.1 combination, A49.4
warm/humid climates, F24.8 utilization, S44.1 electric, A49.2
wind effect on, F16.7 Volume ratio, compressors gas-fired, A49.2
Ventilators rotary vane, S37.14 heat pump, S48.4

roof, A29.3 single-screw, S37.16 indirect, A49.3, 25
unit twin-screw, S37.21 instantaneous, A49.3, 23
capacity, S27.3 VRF. See Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) oil-fired, A49.2
control, A46.17; S27.3 VRT. See Virgin rock temperature (VRT) placement, A49.10
location, S27.1 Walls, A43.3 refrigeration heat reclaim, A49.4, 25
selection, S27.3 acoustic insulation, F23.17 semi-instantaneous, A49.3, 23
types, S27.1 airflow retarders, A43.4 sizing, A49.11, 23, 25
Venting glass block, F31.40 solar energy, A49.4
furnaces, S32.2 insulation, exterior, A43.4 storage, A49.2, 3, 11
gas appliances, S34.19 masonry construction, A43.4; F24.2 terminology, A49.1
oil-fired appliances, S34.21 moisture control, A43.4 usable hot-water storage, A49.10
Verification, of airflow modeling, F34.9, 10, 17 panelized, A43.4 waste heat recovery, A49.4
Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.3 residential, A43.3 Water/lithium bromide absorption
Vibration, F7.19 roof interface components, R41.1
compressors air leakage, A43.7 control, R41.6
centrifugal, S37.34 moisture control, A43.8 double-effect chillers, R41.3
positive-displacement, S37.5 steel frame construction, F24.2 maintenance, R41.7
scroll, S37.26 window interface, A43.6 operation, R41.6
single-screw, S37.18 wood frame construction, A43.3; F24.1 single-effect chillers, R41.2
critical speeds, S20.8 Warehouses, A3.11 single-effect heat transformers, R41.3
health effects, F9.13 Water terminology, R41.1
measurement, F14.27 boiler thermal models, F32.14 Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S48.10
accelerometer, F7.21 coils, S22.2 Water systems, S12. (See also Hydronic
instrumentation, A37.21 air-heating, S26.2 systems)
testing, A37.21 coolers, R26.11 air elimination, S12.21
Vibration control, A47 distribution, S3.6; S12.10; S14.7 antifreeze, S12.23
air handlers, S4.10 central plants, S11.5 precautions, S12.24
chillers, A47.12 district heating and cooling, S11.18 capacity control, S12.13
clean spaces, A16.17 filtration, A48.7 chilled-water, S12.1, 17
criteria, A47.38 hammer, F36.6 combined heat and power (CHP)
data reliability, A47.1 pipe stress, S11.7 distribution, S7.44
ducts, A47.46 heating district heating and cooling, S11.19, 32
engines, S7.15 geothermal energy systems, A32.9 closed, S12.1, 2; S14.1
equipment vibration, A37.22 solar energy systems, A33.13 components, S12.2
analysis, A37.23 water treatment for, A48.10 condenser water, S13.1
fans, S20.9 humidifier supply, S21.4 closed, S13.3
floor flexibility, A47.47 properties, A48.1; S14.2 once-through, S13.1
isolators references, F6.19 open cooling tower, S13.1
noise, A47.38 refrigerant, F20.1, 36–37 air and vapor precautions, S13.2
resonance, A47.48 in refrigerant systems. See Moisture, in freeze protection, S13.3
specifications, A47.39 refrigerant systems piping, S13.2
testing, A37.21; A47.47 systems, pipe sizing, F36.5 water treatment, S13.2
piping thermal storage systems, A34.4, 11, 27; overpressure precautions, S13.3
systems, S13.1 water distributuion, S12.6 dehumidification, F28.5
water economizer, S13.3 pressure drop determination, S12.23; S43.4 heating, F28.5
control valve sizing, S12.15 pumps, S43.1 relationships, F28.4
Darcy-Weisbach equation, S43.4 pump curves, S12.6; S43.3 residential infiltration zones, F27.16
district heating and cooling, S11.3 pumping sources, F28.3
dual-temperature (DTW), S12.1, 19 compound, S12.8 Welding sheet metal, S18.6
equipment layout, S12.22 distributed, S43.12 Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), heat
expansion tanks parallel, S12.7; S43.10 stress, A29.4
functions of, S12.4, 11 primary-secondary, S12.8; S43.11 Wheat, F11.13
sizing equations, S12.5 series, S12.7; S43.11 Wheels, rotary enthalpy, S25.10
fill water, S12.20 variable-speed, S12.8, S43.12 Whirlpools and spas
four-pipe, S12.20 standby pump, S12.8; S43.11 Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7
freeze prevention, S12.23 two-speed motors, S43.11 service water heating, A49.23
hot-water safety relief valves, S12.20 Wien’s displacement law, F3.8
boilers, S31.1 steam and, combined, S10.15 Wind. (See also Climate design information;
combined heat and power (CHP) temperature classifications, S12.1 Weather data)
distribution, S7.45 turndown ratio, S12.4 data sources, F16.6
district heating and cooling, S11.31 two-pipe, S12.19 effect on
high-temperature (HTW), S12.1 water horsepower, S43.6 chimneys, S34.3, 32
loads, S12.2 Water treatment, A48 smoke movement, A52.3
low-temperature (LTW), S12.1 air washers, A48.9; S40.9 system operation, F16.7
design considerations, S35.3 biological control, A48.5 pressure, F16.3
heating systems, S12.16 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 Wind chill index, F8.21
loads, S12.2 boilers, A48.10 Windows. (See also Fenestration)
nonresidential, S12.16 brine systems, A48.10 air leakage, A43.7; F31.55

terminal equipment, S35.1 closed recirculating systems, A48.10 heat transfer, A43.6
medium- and high-temperature, S12.1; condensers, evaporative, S38.17 moisture control, A43.7
S14 condenser water, S13.2 solar gain, A43.6; F31.13, 36
air-heating coils, S14.8 cooling towers, A48.4, 8; S39.13 U-factors, F25.12; F31.4, 6
boilers, S14.2 corrosion control, A48.2, 9 wall interface, A43.6
cascade systems, S14.6 evaporative coolers, S40.9 Wind restraint design, A54.22
circulating pumps, S14.6 filtration, A48.7 minimum design wind load, A54.22
control, S14.8 fundamentals, A48.1 Wineries
design, S14.2 heating systems, A48.10 refrigeration, R26.8
direct-contact heaters, S14.6 ice makers, A48.7, 9 temperature control
direct-fired generators, S14.2 medium- and high-temperature systems, fermentation, R26.9
distribution, S14.7 S14.9 storage, R26.10
expansion tanks, S14.4 nonchemical (physical), A48.5 wine production, R26.8
heat exchangers, S14.8 once-through systems, A48.9 Wood construction, and moisture, F23.5
piping design, S14.7 open recirculating systems, A48.9 dimensional changes, F23.6
pressurization, S14.4 scale control, A48.4 Wood products facilities, A24.1
safety, S14.9 sprayed coil units, A48.9 evaporative cooling, A51.13
space heating, S14.8 steam and condensate systems, A48.11 process area, A24.1
thermal storage, S14.9 terminology, A48.11 storage, A24.2
water treatment, S14.9 thermal storage, A34.6; S50.6 Wood pulp, A24.2
medium-temperature (MTW), S12.2 Water vapor retarders, F23.18 Wood stoves, S33.5
loads, S12.2 Water wells, A32.24 World Wide Web (WWW), A39.17
makeup, S12.20 Weather data WSHP. See Water-source heat pump (WSHP)
open, S12.2; S13.1 design conditions, F28.1 WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
pipe sizing, S12.23 calculation, F28.4 Xenon, R38.17
piping, S12.11 cooling, F28.5

Composite Index: Ashrae Handbook Series

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Composite Index: Ashrae Handbook Series

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CHAPTER I

Abbreviations, F37 Adsorption evaporative coolers, S40.8

hydrogen cycle, R41.8 Aerosols, S28.1 packaged terminal (PTAC), S49.5

educational facilities, A6.1 air filters, A10.4, 9 Air distribution

displacement flow, F27.2 sound level, S19.2 air devices, A37.2

Auditoriums, A4.3 unconditioned, A43.1 gas-fired, S30.5, S30.11

museums, galleries, archives, and libraries, humidity, R29.7 Cavitation, F2.13

load, R37.2 prerotation vanes, S42.4, 9 pharmaceutical

remote from compressor, R46.17 terminal units, S4.16 F9.6

A9.18 apricots, R22.13 systems, F15.1

Claude cycle, R38.8 cheese household refrigerators and freezers, R48.6

liquid absorbents, F22.3 economical thickness, S11.17 Drying

residential, S18.2 Eddy diffusivity, F5.6 emergency use reduction, A35.17

exhaust requirement, A51.10 A43.4 microbial growth, A23.1

GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps Halocarbon infrared, S30.6

and airflow, F23.8 basement, F29.11 design, S48.12

conduction, F3.1, 2 cooling time estimation, F3.5 operating rooms, A7.5

heaters, A53.1, 4, 8; S15.1 hangers, F26.9 R3.3

hoods, A31.2 types, A14.1 pump selection, R1.5

properties, R7.4 combustion, S7.22 data acquisition, F14.32

turbulence, F34.3 drying methods, R6.2 artifact deterioration, A21.4

heat of vaporization, F39.2 gas, F36.19 compressor, R2.24

as fluid flow indicators, A37.13 angle factors, F3.10 valves, control

condensing water, R44.19 refrigeration, R46.1, R47 roofs, F25.12

Sensors Single-duct systems, all-air, S4.10 infrared systems, A50.16

water-cooled, S38.7 distribution, S10.5 dried, R29.7

heating, A34.11; S50.11 heater control, S33.2, 4 expansion, S7.31; S42.1

statistical regression, A40.13 pressure relief, S46.11 A48.7

Ventilators rotary vane, S37.14 heat pump, S48.4

nonresidential, S12.16 brine systems, A48.10 air leakage, A43.7; F31.55

S-ar putea să vă placă și