Electro Magnetic

Spectrum
Submitted By: M. Arham
Submitted to: Ms. Arooba
Subject: Physics
Date: September 19, 2019
 What is Electro Magnetic Spectrum?
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM
radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads as it goes –
two kinds of electromagnetic radiation are the visible light coming
from a lamp inour house and the radio waves coming from a radio
station.

The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with

frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 1025 hertz.
These electro magnetic waves are transverse because there
oscillations are at right angles to the direction of travel.

Electromagnetic waves can be classified and arranged according

to their various wavelengths/frequencies; this classification is
known as the electromagnetic spectrum.

These waves travel with the speed of light i.e. 300 000 km per
second in a vaccum!
 The electro magnetic waves
Radio Waves:

Radio waves are a type of

electromagnetic radiation best-
known for their use in
communication technologies,
such as television, mobile
phones and radios. Devices
receive radio waves and convert
them to mechanical vibrations in
the speaker to create sound
waves.
Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the EM spectrum, ranging
from about 0.04 inches (1 millimeter) to more than 62 miles (100 kilometers).
They also have the lowest frequencies, from about 3,000 cycles per second,
or 3 kilohertz, up to about 300 billion hertz, or 300 gigahertz.

Microwave Waves

The microwave region extends from 1,000 to 300,000 MHz

(or 30 cm to 1 mm wavelength). Microwaves were first
produced and studied in 1886 by Hertz.
Microwaves are the principal carriers of high-speed data
transmissions between stations on Earth and also between
ground-based stations and satellites and space probes.
They produce microwave beams whose spreading angle is
proportional to the ratio of the wavelength of
the constituent waves to the diameter of the dish.
Microwaves play an increasingly wide role in heating and
cooking food. They are absorbed by water and fat in foodstuffs
(e.g., in the tissue of meats) and produce heat from the inside.
In most cases, this reduces the cooking time a hundredfold.
 Infared waves

Infrared radiation (IR), sometimes referred to simply as infrared, is a region of

the electromagnetic radiation spectrum where wavelengths range from about
700 nanometers (nm) to 1 millimeter (mm). Infrared waves are longer than
those of visible light, but shorter than those of radio waves.
Infrared light is invisible to the human eye, although longer infrared waves can
be sensed as heat.
Infrared light is invisible to the
human eye, although longer
infrared waves can be sensed as
heat.
Infrared is used in a variety of
applications. Among the most well-
known are heat sensors, thermal
imaging and night vision equipment.
In communications and networking, infrared light is used in wired and wireless
operations.
Visible Light Waves

Visible light waves are the only electromagnetic

waves we can see. We see these waves as the
colors of the rainbow. Each color has a different
wavelength. Red has the longest wavelength
and violet has the shortest wavelength. When all
the waves are seen together, they make white
light.
When white light shines through a prism or
through water vapor like this rainbow, the white
light is broken apart into the colors of the visible
light spectrum.
 Ultra violet waves

Scientists have divided the ultraviolet

part of the spectrum into three
regions: the near ultraviolet, the far
ultraviolet, and the extreme ultraviolet.
The three regions are distinguished by
how energetic the ultraviolet radiation
is, and by the "wavelength" of the
ultraviolet light, which is related to
energy.
Scientists have divided the ultraviolet part of the spectrum into three regions:
the near ultraviolet, the far ultraviolet, and the extreme ultraviolet. The three
regions are distinguished by how energetic the ultraviolet radiation is, and by
the "wavelength" of the ultraviolet light, which is related to energy.

X-Rays

X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 0.01 to 10

nanometers.They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than
gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after
Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had
named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation.
X rays are a kind of super-powerful version of ordinary light: a higher-
energy form of electromagnetic radiation that travel at the speed of light in
straight lines (just like light waves do). X rays can travel through things that
ordinary light waves can't because they're much more energetic.
from studying tooth decay in your mouth to detecting events in distant
galaxies, X rays are useful in many different ways.
 Gamma Rays
Gamma radiation, also known as
gamma rays and denoted as γ, is
electromagnetic radiation of high
frequency and therefore high energy.
Gamma rays typically have
frequencies above 10 exahertz (or
>1019 Hz) .
Gamma rays are ionizing radiation
and are thus biologically hazardous.
They are classically produced by the decay from high energy
states of atomic nuclei, a process called gamma decay, but are
also created by other processes.
Gamma rays have characteristics identical to X-rays of the same
frequency—they differ only in source. At higher frequencies, γ rays
are more penetrating and more damaging to living tissue. They
have many of the same uses as X-rays, including cancer therapy.
Gamma radiation from radioactive materials is used in nuclear
medicine.