National Textile University

B.Sc. Textile Engineering

Introduction to Textile Processing

Course Code: TP-2031

Course Title: Introduction to Textile Processing
Semester: 4th
Section: E

Practical No. 05
Title of the Practical

To apply the cold reactive dye to 100% cotton fabric by exhaust method
Submitted by
Sohail Asghar 16-NTU-0159
Date of submission
26-02-18
Application of cold reactive dyes on 100% cotton fabric by exhaust method.

Abstract:
The mercerized fabric of cotton was given. The sample was treated with Cold reactive Dyes and
understood its process with detail.

Theory:

The coloring (dyeing) of a fabric is a very basic element for marketing of the fabric. Dyeing is
the process of imparting color to the textile material like fiber, yarn fabric etc. Color of any
fabric is its first element to which the consumers respond; a fabric is often selected or rejected
due to its color appeal. Therefore a good color or dye is necessary to apply on the fabric to create
its demand. There are many types of dyes (dyestuffs) which are used in dyeing the fabric. The
cold reactive dyes are used for dyeing purposes, for they have a good affinity to the fabric and
are highly reactive. They are not removed easily by washing. The purposes of conducting the
experiment were following:

 To learn the dyeing technique for cotton fabric (cellulosic fabric).

 To learn how far the dyeing occurs by the cold reactive dye.
 To learn how to prepare the solutions for dyeing.
 To learn the technique for laboratory and industrial use.

Equipment’s and Materials:

 100% Cotton fabric
 Beaker
 Oven
 Stirrer
 Sequestering Agent (Chelating Agent)
 Wetting Agent
 Common salt
 Soda Ash (Na2CO3)
 Cold reactive Dye
 Liquor (laboratory water)
 Precision Electronic Balance
  Stopwatch
 Graduated Beaker
 Paper pieces (for storing dyestuff, salt and soda ash)
 Pot (to boil water)
 Bunsen Burner

Recipe (Chemicals and their Conditions):

Chemicals:

 Amount of liquor:
The liquor in this experiment was taken according to the liquor to the good (fabric
sample) ratio of 50:1, means that for one gram of the weight of the fabric, 50mL of the liquor
would be taken.

 Cold reactive Dye (Dyestuff):

The cold reactive dye is a type of dyestuffs (color imparting materials) which are water
soluble. This is the most used dye in the world. These dyes are highly reactive.It was taken in a
particular amount depending on the weight of the fabric on the ratio of 2%o.w.f. It means that
the weight of dye which is to be taken would be the 2% of the total weight of the fabric sample.

 Wetting Agent:
It was added on the ratio of 1g/L depending on the amount of the liquor. The wetting
agent increases the wettability of the fabric so that the dyeing solution is applied and absorbed
easily by the fabric.

 Sequestering Agent (Chelating Agent):

The chelating agent is the agent that removes the hardness present in the water that is
used as a solvent to prepare the dyeing solution. It was added in the ratio of 1g/L which means
that if one liter of liquor is present then the two grams of sequestering agent would be added in
the liquor.
  Soda Ash (Na2CO3):
Soda ash is a common name of sodium carbonate which is used for fixation of the cold reactive
dye on the fabric. The soda ash is used as the dye fixture during the dyeing process. The amount
of the soda ash used in this experiment was 8 g/L which means that for the one litre of the liquor,
there would be the 25 grams of the soda ash.

 Common salt (NaCl):

The common salt was used for the exhaustion of the dyestuff in addition with the soda ash. It
was added in the ratio of 25g/L that means for one liter of the liquor, there will be the 30 grams
of the salt.

 Conditions:
Temperature = 40 0C – 50 0C Time for dyeing process= 45Min

Procedure:
 The fabric was first weighed on the precision electronic balance.
 After weighing the fabric sample, the liquor was measured in graduated beaker according to the
given liquor to good ratio and then it was taken in the beaker in which the dyeing solution was
prepared.
 When the particular amount of liquor was calculated, then the orange color direct dye was
weighed on the precision electronic balance according to the weight of the fabric and after that
the other auxiliaries were weighed according to the amount of the liquor.
 The cold reactive dye, salt and the soda ash were placed in the pieces of paper for their use during
the process.
 The sequestering and wetting agents were added in the liquor with the fabric piece and the beaker
was placed in the oven at 40 0Ctemperature for five minutes. During this time, the dye was added
after two to three minutes.
 After five minutes, the salt was added in the solution and it was left for more ten minutes.
 When the time completed, the half amount of calculated soda ash was added in the solution for
more ten minutes.
 When the ten minutes completed, the temperature of the oven was raised to 50 0C and left for
ten minutes when temperature completely raised to 50 0C.
  After ten minutes, the remaining portion of the soda ash was poured in the dyeing solution and
left for final 20 – 25 minutes.
 After completion of the time, the fabric was pulled out of the beaker and washed with cold water
and then with hot water of temperature 100 0C and again with cold water after hot washing.
 The same process was repeated for the woven fabric.

 Observations and calculations:

 Weight of the Fabric sample = 3.65g
 Liquor = 182.5mL
 Shade depth = 0.073 g
 Amount of common salt = 4.5625g
 Amount of Sequestering agent = 0.1825g
 Wetting agent = 0.1825g
 Soda Ash = 1.46g
 Amount of water = 182.13ml
Woven fabric:

Conclusion:
The experiment conducted, dyed the fabric by using the orange color cold reactive
dye, common salt and soda ash solution. The sodium chloride was added to increase the
exhaustion. The fabric obtained after dyeing had a good adhesion with the dye stuff and color did
not remove after the washing of the fabric.