Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
A) Li–
B) Be–
C) B–
D) C-
ANS:
Li– = 1s2, 2s2 (in it all sub-shell are saturated so, it is stable)
Be– = 1s2, 2s2, 2p1 (very much less stable)
B– = 1s2, 2s22p2 (less stable)
C– = 1s2, 2s2, 2p3 (stable due to presence of half-filled 2psubshell)
5. The atomic numbers of elements X,Y and Z are 19, 21 and 25 respectively.
The number of electrons present in the M shells of these elements follow the order.
1) Z>X>Y
2) X>Y>Z
3) Z>Y>X
4) Y>Z>X
Ans: 3) Z>Y>X
.6
SOL:
7.
8 . ANS
Ques:
Sol:
9.
note
10: Both A and R are connected
11
ANS:B
Due to resonance delocalization of electrons takes place or can say it vice versa. Thus,
every bond which is participating in resonance attains partial double bond character.
Consequently sigma bonds attain partial double bond character thus their bond length
decreases and double bond get their character decreased thus their bond length
increases.
12
ANS:Only III
13
NOTE: The difference in potential energy between the actual species and the
(computed) energy of the contributing structure with the lowest potential energy is
called theresonance energy or delocalization energy.
14:
ANS: A) In I there is too much steric crowding over ‘N’ due to which lone pair is
not able to contribute to the basicity of the compound
18:
ANS:B
20
ANS:B
21
ANS:B
22
23
24
ANS: Symmetry
25:
Use Field due to a line charge:E=(1/2ner) and apply it for each element on the
other wire integrating it from –infinity to +infinity
26
27
30
31
32
ANS:
33
ANS: Charge on the left side of (d) becomes zero because when it does not have
a plate opposite to it due to which it could have a charge. Rest has to be
done on our own.
NOTE: A long thin rod AB is charged uniformly. The electric field at a
point C is directed along the bisector of the angle ACB
34
35
36
F=p(dE/dx)
37
ANS:
39
ANS:
40
41
ANS:
42
ANS:
43
44
ANS:
45
ANS
46
ANS:
NOTE: Just like a fuid in a close d pipe, electricity also follows A*Vd=constant
47
ANS:
48
ANS:
49
50
ANS:
51
ANS
52
ANS
53
ANS:
ANS
PART 1: PART 2:
55
ANS:
56
ANS:
57
ANS
58
ANS
59
ANS
60
ANS
ANS:
62
ANS:
63
ANS:
64
ANS
65
ANS
Ans:C
67
ANS:
68
ANS
69
ANS
71
NOTE:
BACK-bonding: This type of bonding occurs between atoms in a
compound in which one atom has lone pair of electron and the other
has vacant orbital placed adjacent to each other.
ANS
72
ANS
NOTE
73
ANS:
74
NOTE:
Corey House Synthesis is quite good for preparation of
hydrocarbons.
Steric hindrance is not favoured in this method
ANS:
D(less hindered product is formed)
ANS
77
ANS:
78
ANS
NOTE: Tollen's reagent is most notable for its reaction with aldehydes to
produce a silver mirror, but it reacts with several other types of compounds,
notably alpha-hydroxy ketones, terminal alkynes carboxylic acids too.
With terminal alkynes, the alkyne reacts as a acid to form a
silver acetylide which precipitates. In the case of acetylene,
both hydrogens can react:
NOTE
and
Hydroboration of alkynes:
79
ANS:A
80
ANS
Acetylene may be prepared using Kolbe's electrolytic method
employing – Potassium Fumarate
81
ANS
ANS:
84
ANS:
The products we get when ethers react with halogens largely depend
on the condition. For example, we get α,α'-dichlorodiethyl ether when
diethyl ether reacts with Cl2 in dark. In presence of light and excess
of chlorine, all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine.
85
Fries Rearrangement
Claisen Rearrangement
86
ANS
NOTE:
ANS:A, (A) is
NOTE:
On heating β-keto acids release CO2.
TOLLEN’S REAGENT
[2] Hemi acetals [they are first converted into aldehydes in basic
medium]
[3] Glucose, an aldohexose, HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO —gives->
HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO, Gluconic acid.
[Note- Remember that neither alpha nor beta-glucosides reduces
tollen’s/ fehling’s reagent.]
[4] α- Hydroxy ketones [having atleast two α hydrogen,
tautomerise into
aldehydes] e.g., Fructose reduces Tollens'reagent, even though it
contains no aldehyde group. [A α-hydroxy ketone, tautomerises
into glucose and mannose in alkaline medium, called Lobry de-
Bruyn Ekenstein rearrangement]
[5] Tartaric acid also gives silver mirror test but not citric acid.
ANS := 0.67
90
ANS
Methane was released.
91
ANS
SeO2 reaction:
92
ANS:
93
ANS:
94
ANS
95
96
ANS
97
ANS
98
ANS:A It also means that other are incorrect
ANS:
100
ANS: C
NOTE:
In the carbylamine reaction, carbene intermediate is formed
total 3 times in total.
Diazocouplin reaction takes place at slightly acidic medium
101
ANS:D
102
ANS:A
103
ANS:C
104
ANS
NOTE
105
ANS:A
106
ANS:C
107
108
ANS:A
CH3+ is highly unstable.
109
ANS:
110
ANS
111
ANS
112
ANS
113
ANS
114
ANS:D(BECKMANN’s REARRANGEMENT)
REASON:
115
ANS:B
116
ANS:B (lp in A is involved in resonance)
117
ANS:B
CARBOHYDRATES:
The monomer units of starch are α-glucose
The sequence in which amino acids are arranged in
proteins is called primary structure.
Cellobiose is a 1, 4’-ββ-glycoside
The secondary structure of a protein refers to α-helical
backbone
Uracil is present in RNA but not in DNA.
The no. of moles of Acetic Anhydride needed to completely
react with a compound is equal to the no. of –OH groups
present in the compound.
Glucode contains 5 –OH groups in it.
It is an aldohexose.
β-anomer of glucose is more stable.
Reason: At equilibrium, the beta anomer of D-
glucose predominates, because the -OH group of the
anomeric carbon is in the more stable equatorial position
of the more stable chair structure. In alpha-D-glucose, the -
OH group on the anomeric carbon is axial.
Naturally occurring glusoce is dextrorotatory.
Properties that confirm cyclic structure of glucose are:
Mutarotation
Negative Schiff’s Reagent Test
Does not react with Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite
Penta acetate derivative of glucose does not react with
hydroxylamine.
The presence of absence of hydroxyl group on 2nd
carbon atom of sugar differentiates RNA and DNA
Osazone is formed when sugars are reacted with
excess of phenylhydrazone
Glucose and fructose give same osazone
Starch and glucode consist of D-glucose unit
In starch glucose units are linked through 1, 4 – α –
glycosidic linkages
linkage between glucose and fructose is α and it does
not undergo mutarotation
Sucrose is a non reducing sugar
D–Galactose is a C–4 epimer of D–glucose
L and D mannose are Enantiomers to each other.
D-glucose+Br2(aq)=Glucaric acid
Anomers differ at C1
Numbering starts from CHO group
AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-
NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a
side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
peptide bond is 6
ANS:C
glycine
POLYMERS
Low density polythene is tough, poor conductor of
electricity and highly branched.
Zeilga Natta catalyst is used for polymerization of alkene.
is
Phenol and formaldehyde=Bakelite(-CH2-) bonding
The monomer of natural rubber is isoprene which is cis in
configuration
Polymer of CH2-CH-CCl-CH2=Neoprene
Polymer of glycogen is stored by animals
The commercial name of polyacrilonitrile is Orlon(Acrilan)
ANS:C
Nylon 6,6 is prepared by condensation polymerization
Terylene is a copolymer prepared ny condensation polymerization
BuNa-S is a copolymer
CCl4 is a chain transfer reagent
PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
As2S3 and AlCl3 are soluble in excessof NaOH while Cu is not due to
low value of the Ksp
Marsh test is used for detecting As and is very sensitive and is thus
used in forensic studies also. The sample is placed in a flask with
arsenic-free zinc and sulfuric acid.
Borax on heating strongly above its melting point melts to a liquid,
which then solidifies to a transparent mass commonly known as
borax-bead. The transparent glassy mass consists of boric
anhydride and sodium metaborate
ANS:ZnCl2
Chromyl chloride=CrO2Cl2
Dimethyl glyoxime and NaHSO3/NH4CNS are used to distinguish
and separate Cu2+ and Ni2+. These are used in order NaHSO3-
/CNS− then DMG
Acetanilide=
Acetanilide on nitration produces a mixture of o-nitroacetanilide
(minor product) and p-nitroacetanilide (major product). The
constituents of the product mixture are usually separated by
fractional crystallization
Aspirin (an analgesic) is prepared by the acetylation of salicylic
acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. It may be
purified conveniently by crystallization.
Fe(OH)3 and Cr(OH)3 ppt are separated by NaOH/H2O2(Sodium
peroxiede)
CoCl2 gives blue colour with NH4SCN in ethereal layer due to
formation of
.
Reaction of F- is not carried out in a test tube-explosive
O-salicaldehyde and p-salicaldehyde are separated by
steam distillation(best for any o,p 1:1 mixture)
ANS:C
2-naphthol
Canonical(ethanoic) AgNO3 solution reacts with
compounds containing detatchable Halogen atoms to give
colured(depending on halogen) ppt. of silver.
In Kjeldahl method nitrogen is estimated as NH3.
ANS:ZnS,CdS and CuS have low Ksp values
AgCl is soluble in strong acids
No2 anion can be be converted into NO3 anion bypassing the extract
through urea
ANS:A
Lassaigne’s
Test
2